Journal articles: 'Forging process of magnesium alloy'

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Gontarz, Andrzej, Krzysztof Drozdowski, Anna Dziubinska, and Grzegorz Winiarski. "A study of a new screw press forging process for producing aircraft drop forgings made of magnesium alloy AZ61A." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2016-0238.

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Purpose The aim of this study is to develop a die forging process for producing aircraft components made of magnesium alloy AZ61A using a screw press. Design/methodology/approach The proposed forging technique has been developed based on the results of a numerical and experimental research. The required forging temperature has been determined by upsetting cylindrical specimens on a screw press to examine both plasticity of the alloy and the quality of its microstructure. The next stage involved performing numerical simulations of the designed forging processes for producing forgings of a door handle and a bracket, both made of magnesium alloy AZ61A. The finite element method based on simulation programme, Deform 3D has been used for numerical modelling. The numerical results revealed that the forgings are free from material overheating and shape defects. In addition to this, the results have also helped determine the regions that are the most prone to cracking. The final stage of the research involved performing forging tests on a screw press under industrial conditions. The forgings of door handles and brackets were made, and then these were tested for their mechanical and structural properties. The results served as a basis for assessing both the viability of the designed technique and the quality of the produced parts. Findings The experimental results demonstrate that aircraft components made of magnesium alloy AZ61A can be produced by die forging on screw presses. The results have been used to determine the fundamental parameters of the process such as the optimum forging temperature, the method of tool heating, the way of cooling parts after the forging process, and the method of thermal treatment. The results of the mechanical and structural tests confirm that the products meet the required quality standards. Practical implications The developed forging technique for alloy AZ61A has been implemented by the forging plant ZOP Co. Ltd in Swidnik (Poland), which specializes in the manufacturing of aircraft components made of non-ferrous metal alloys. Originality/value Currently, the global tendency is to forge magnesium alloys (including alloy AZ61A) on free hydraulic presses using expensive die-heating systems. For this reason, the production efficiency of such forging processes is low, while the manufacturing costs are high. The proposed forging technique for alloy AZ61A is an innovative method for producing forgings using relatively fast and efficient machines (screw presses). The proposed forging method can be implemented by forging plants equipped with standard stocks of tools, which increases the range of potential manufacturers of magnesium alloy products. In addition, this technology is highly efficient and ensures reduced manufacturing costs.

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Dziubińska, Anna, Piotr Surdacki, and Krzysztof Majerski. "The Analysis of Deformability, Structure and Properties of AZ61 Cast Magnesium Alloy in a New Hammer Forging Process for Aircraft Mounts." Materials 14, no. 10 (May 16, 2021): 2593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14102593.

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This article presents the analysis of the deformability, structure and properties of the AZ61 cast magnesium alloy on the example of a new forging process of aircraft mount forgings. It was assumed that their production process would be based on drop forging on a die hammer. Two geometries of preforms, differing in forging degree, were used as the billet for the forging process. It was assumed that using a cast, unformed preform positively affects the deformability of hard-deformable magnesium alloys and flow kinematics during their forging and reduces the number of operations necessary to obtain the correct product. Numerical analysis of the proposed new technology was carried out using DEFORM 3D v.11, a commercial program dedicated to analyzing metal forming processes. The simulations were performed in the conditions of spatial strain, considering the full thermomechanical analysis. The obtained results of numerical tests confirmed the possibility of forming the forgings of aviation mounts from the AZ61 cast magnesium alloy with the proposed technology. They also allowed us to obtain information about the kinematics of the material flow during forming and process parameters, such as strain intensity distribution, temperatures, Cockcroft–Latham criterion and forming energy. The proposed forging process on a die hammer was verified in industrial conditions. The manufactured forgings of aircraft mounts made of AZ61 magnesium alloy were subjected to qualitative tests in terms of their structure, conductivity and mechanical properties.

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YAMAMOTO, Yukio, and Kazuo SAKAMOTO. "Cast-Forging Process for Magnesium Alloy." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 56, no. 654 (2015): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.56.545.

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Wu, Li Hong. "Simulation and Microstructure Predict during Hot Die-Forging of Cast Mg-7.0Al-0.2Zn Magnesium Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1293.

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Employing the dies for aluminum alloy parts, the hot die-forging forming and numerical simulation of semi-continuous casting Mg-7.0Al-0.4Zn (AZ70) were carried out. It was indicated that AZ70 has a worse fluidity during forging and is consequently difficult to fill fully compared to aluminum alloys. The microstructure of the AZ70 forgings is in good agreement with the strain distribution generated by simulation, and strain distribution can predict the microstructure evolution. The comparison results can give a guideline on developing forging process and controlling forgings quality of the AZ70 alloy.

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Kwon, Yong Nam, Young Seon Lee, and Jung Hwan Lee. "Warm Forging Characteristics of AZ31 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.437.

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Industrial application of magnesium alloys has increased significantly recently. However, wrought magnesium alloys still have a lot of technical challenges to be solved for more applications. First of all, low formability of wrought alloys should be improved by optimizing the processing variables. In the present study, the effect of process variables such as forging temperature and forging speed were investigated to forgeability of magnesium alloy. To understand the effect of process variables more specifically, both numerical and experimental works have been carried out on the model which contains upsetting geometry. Forgeability of AZ31 alloy was found to depend more on the forging speed rather than temperature. Forged sample showed a significant activity of twinning, which was found to be closely related with flow uniformity.

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Ho, Huey Lin, Su Hai Hsiang, and Pao Te Wang. "Study on the Formability of Magnesium Alloy for Bearing Cover with Inner Cavity under Hot Forging." Advanced Materials Research 264-265 (June 2011): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.264-265.54.

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This study investigates the formability of AZ31 magnesium alloy for bearing cover with inner cavity under hot forging. Firstly high speed metal test machine of China steel Co. Ltd. is used to carry out the compression tests under different forming temperatures and strain rates to obtain the stress-strain curves. Then, the stress-strain data obtained from compression test under different dies are applied to analyze the formability of magnesium alloy for bearing cover of the car under forging by commercial package DEFORM. Besides, hot forgings of magnesium alloy for bearing cover are carried out to study the formability of magnesium alloy, and to find the best forging condition. Meanwhile, from the measured result of hardness and metallographic observation of forged part, the influence of forming temperatures on the strength and microstructure of magnesium alloy under forging of bearing cover are evaluated. Finally, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is applied to learn the data obtained from experiments and to predict the experimental result under new combination of process parameters. Also, confirmatory experiment is carried out to prove the usefulness of the ANN model.

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Xia, Zi Hui, and Feng Ju. "Finite Element Analysis of the Forging Process of Magnesium Wheels." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1079–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1079.

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The high specific strength of the magnesium alloy makes it a valuable choice for automotive, aerospace and sporting industries, where the weight reduction is a critical consideration in design. However, wrought magnesium alloys offer a poor formability at room temperature and a hot working condition is required for the forming process. This paper studies the application of finite element methods for the simulation of the forging of magnesium alloys. Numerical analysis of the forging process of an automotive magnesium wheel is conducted based on the tested flow curve of AZ80. The effect of friction on the final deformation of the upsetting of magnesium billets is also discussed.

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Lin, Qing Fu. "Research on Application of Processing Technology and Magnesium Alloy Materials." Advanced Materials Research 566 (September 2012): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.566.548.

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Based on introducing the performance of magnesium alloys materials, analysis of magnesium alloy process performance mainly from chemical activity, electrochemical corrosion, the linear expansion coefficient of magnesium alloy; focuses on six kinds of magnesium alloy forming technology and processing problems in die casting, forging and extrusion forming, semi-solid forming, rapid solidification, provide a reference for magnesium alloy welding and surface coating technology.

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Chen, Fuh Kuo, and Shin Gee Chen. "Press Forging of Thin-Walled AZ31 Magnesium-Alloy Components." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 1401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.1401.

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The press forging of AZ31 magnesium-alloy sheets for producing thin-walled structural components used in the electronics industry was examined by both the finite element analysis and the experimental approach in the present study. The experimental results obtained from the compression tests and ring compression tests were employed in the finite element simulations to investigate the effects of process parameters, such as forming temperature, friction condition, embossment location, and sheet thickness on the formation of embossments in a press forging process. The finite element simulation results reveal that a cost-effective press forging process of AZ31 magnesium-alloy requires an optimum combination of the above parameters. The detailed examination of the effects of the process parameters on the formation of embossments made in the present study could provide a design guideline for a press forging process of AZ31 magnesium-alloy sheets.

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Banaszek, Grzegorz, Teresa Bajor, Anna Kawałek, and Tomasz Garstka. "Analysis of the Open Die Forging Process of the AZ91 Magnesium Alloy." Materials 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 3873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173873.

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The paper presents the results of numerical modelling of the forging process of magnesium alloy ingots on a hydraulic press with the use of flat and shaped anvils. The use of shaped (rhombic-trapezoid) anvils will affect the uniform distribution of temperature and strain intensity in the entire volume of the forging, causing a number of forging passes, which in consequence will reduce the costs of the blank manufacturing process. However, higher values of the strain intensity were obtained during the deformation of the material in flat anvils. The purpose of the research was to propose assumptions for forging technology of producing a blank from AZ91 alloy with the use of flat and shaped anvils. Numerical examination for AZ91 magnesium alloy was carried out using the Forge®NxT commercial software. The rheological properties of the investigated alloy were determined on the basis of uniaxial compression tests carried out in the Gleeble 3800 metallurgical simulation system. The numerical analysis of the process of forging AZ91 alloy ingots on a press was conducted in the temperature range of 200–400 °C and at several forging passes.

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Yan, Hong, Bing Feng Zhou, and Wei Pan. "Study on Thixo-Forging of AZ61 Wrought Magnesium Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 141-143 (July 2008): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.141-143.677.

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The semi-solid AZ61 wrought magnesium alloy was fabricated by mechanical stirring method. Thixo-forging set-up were designed and made. The traditional forging and thixo-forging processes of AZ61 magnesium alloy were studied with both computer numerical simulation and experimental methods. The constitutive model of semi-solid AZ61 alloy was established in our prior literature. The differences between traditional forging and thixo-forging processes were analyzed. Results indicated that smaller load and uniform strain & stress were acquired in thixo-extrusion process. Simulation results were good agreement with experimental ones.

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Dziubińska, A., A. Gontarz, and K. Dziedzic. "Qualitative Research of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Aircraft Brackets Produced by a New Forging Method." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 1003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0171.

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AbstractThe paper reports a selection of numerical and experimental results of a new closed-die forging method for producing AZ31 magnesium alloy aircraft brackets with one rib. The numerical modelling of the new forming process was performed by the finite element method.The distributions of stresses, strains, temperature and forces were examined. The numerical results confirmed that the forgings produced by the new forming method are correct. For this reason, the new forming process was verified experimentally. The experimental results showed good agreement with the numerical results. The produced forgings of AZ31 magnesium alloy aircraft brackets with one rib were then subjected to qualitative tests.

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KWON, Y., Y. LEE, S. KIM, and J. LEE. "EFFECT OF INITIAL MICROSTRUCTURE ON HOT FORGING OF MG ALLOYS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 31n32 (December 30, 2008): 6064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208051583.

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Magnesium alloys still have a lot of technical challenges to be solved for more applications. There have been many research activities to enhance formability of magnesium alloys. One is to design new alloy composition having better formability. Also, low formability of wrought alloys can be improved by optimizing the processing variables. In the present study, effect of process variables such as forging temperature and forging speed were investigated to forgeability of three different magnesium alloys such as AZ31, AZ61 and ZK60. To understand the effect of process variables more specifically, both numerical and experimental works have been carried out on the model which contains both upsetting and extrusion geometries. Forgeability of magnesium alloys was found to depend more on the forging speed rather than temperature. Forged sample showed a significant activity of twinning, which was found to be closely related with flow uniformity.

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Zhang, Shi Hong, Zhang Gang Li, Yong Chao Xu, Li Mei Ren, Zhong Tang Wang, and Li Xin Zhou. "Press Forging of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 Sheets." Materials Science Forum 539-543 (March 2007): 1753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.539-543.1753.

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Press forging of magnesium alloy AZ31 sheets was investigated in this paper. The typical component, a rectangular box with bosses at the bottom was formed. The experimental results show that the magnesium alloy sheets are suitable for press forging. The bosses and the rectangular box can be formed synchronously for 2 mm or 3 mm thick sheets when the punch temperature is 250 °C. By experimentation and numerical simulation, the effects of process parameters on material flow were analyzed, including the temperature, the die shape, the blank size, the lubrication manners and the friction condition.

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Papenberg, Nikolaus P., Stefan Gneiger, Irmgard Weißensteiner, Peter J. Uggowitzer, and Stefan Pogatscher. "Mg-Alloys for Forging Applications—A Review." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 22, 2020): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040985.

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Interest in magnesium alloys and their applications has risen in recent years. This trend is mainly evident in casting applications, but wrought alloys are also increasingly coming into focus. Among the most common forming processes, forging is a promising candidate for the industrial production of magnesium wrought products. This review is intended to give a general introduction into the forging of magnesium alloys and to help in the practical realization of forged products. The basics of magnesium forging practice are described and possible problems as well as material properties are discussed. Several alloy systems containing aluminum, zinc or rare earth elements as well as biodegradable alloys are evaluated. Overall, the focus of the review is on the process control and processing parameters, from stock material to finished parts. A discussion of the mechanical properties is included. These data have been comprehensively reviewed and are listed for a variety of magnesium forging alloys.

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Nishida, Shinichi, Makoto Hagiwara, Kentaro Tsunoda, Ryoma Nakanishi, Tatsuya Tanaka, and Toshio Haga. "Semi-Solid Forging of Mg Alloy AZX1311 and Mechanical Properties." Key Engineering Materials 846 (June 2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.846.72.

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This paper describes basic property in semi-solid forging method of magnesium alloy AZX1311. In the semi-solid forging process, an arbitrary fraction of solid is selected at a temperature between the liquidus and the solidus line and rapidly cooled and coagulated simultaneously with deformation of the material in a die to obtain a product. In addition, the magnesium alloy AZX1311 has excellent castability and mechanical properties. In recent years, the use of magnesium alloys for home electric appliances and automotive parts has been increasing because weight reduction can be achieved. These main manufacturing methods are casting and forging. However, these manufacturing methods have disadvantages such as large forming load and poor dimensional accuracy. Therefore, the semi-solidification forging method can improve these disadvantages. In this study, a forged semi-solid material and air cooled semi-solid material were produced using a servo press machine. Focused on impurities, porosity and microstructure. A forged semi-solid material could be produced. A semi-solid structure could be observed.

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Płonka, Bartłomiej, Krzysztof Remsak, Marek Nowak, Marzena Lech-Grega, and Piotr Korczak. "Manufacturing Technology and Usable Properties of Magnesium Alloy after Plastic Deformation." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.443.

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The object of this study was to develop parameters of plastic deformation in hot direct extrusion and die forging process of magnesium alloy MgAlZn. Extrusion process was conducted in the temperature range 350°C÷450°C at different extrusion speeds (ram speed 0.5 mm/s÷3 mm/s). The extrusion tests have showed that for this alloy it is possible to use the temperature of the extruded material ranging from 350°C÷450°C when the process is run at the optimum ram speed. Higher temperature of extrusion is beneficial For higher ram speed of 3mm/s, in this alloy at a temperature of 420÷450°C, cracks began to show in the surface. The same problem were for die forging. Extruded rods and forging parts were characterized by mechanical properties and structure in different heat treatment tempers. This magnesium alloy obtained in the T5 temper higher mechanical properties then T6 temper. The paper also presents research results of investigation of conversion coating on MgAlZn magnesium alloy by anodic oxidation method in non-chromium solutions. It was found that the coating produced in non-chromium solutions show considerable increase of corrosion resistance of tested alloy.Keywords: Mg alloys, extrusion, mechanical properties, structure, corrosion resistance.

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Yanagiya, Takehiko, Yasuhiro Kishi, Koji Kajikawa, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Ken Saito, and Shinji Tanaka. "Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior in Alpha Phase of Semi-Solid Injection-Molded AM60B Magnesium Alloy." Solid State Phenomena 256 (September 2016): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.256.39.

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Semi-solid injection molding (Thixomolding) is a molding method for magnesium alloys. Our team has been investigating the forging of thixomolded magnesium body in order to improve its mechanical properties so that the thixomolded magnesium parts expand the application in transportation industry. Thixomolded magnesium alloy can include coarse alpha phase grain when the alloy is molded below liquidus temperature. Although it is expected that the mechanical properties of a forged thixomolded magnesium alloy are affected by the existence of the coarse alpha grains, its microstructure evolution during forging process has not been clarified yet. We studied the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior of a thixmolded magnesium alloy using a cylinder compression test and microstructure observation. The microstructure observation showed that DRX occurred at the grain boundary and within the alpha phase. The Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) data showed that DRX is caused not only by diffusion but also by twinning in the alpha phase.

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SAITO, Naobumi, Hajime IWASAKI, Michiru SAKAMOTO, Kazuo KANBARA, and Tunehisa SEKIGUCHI. "Development of forging process for magnesium alloy continuous cast bars." Synthesiology 8, no. 1 (2015): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5571/synth.8.41.

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SAITO, Naobumi, Hajime IWASAKI, Michiru SAKAMOTO, Kazuo KANBARA, and Tunehisa SEKIGUCHI. "Development of forging process for magnesium alloy continuous cast bars." Synthesiology English edition 8, no. 1 (2015): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5571/syntheng.8.1_43.

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Rao, K. P., K. Suresh, Y. V. R. K. Prasad, Norbert Hort, and Karl Ulrich Kainer. "Hot Forging of Cast Magnesium Alloy TX31 Using Semi-Closed Die and its Finite Element Simulation." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.449.

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Magnesium alloys based on Mg-Sn-Ca system have shown improved corrosion and creep properties. In this type of alloys,Sn forms a solid solution with Mg that improves the corrosion resistance while Ca forms thermally stable intermetallic phases in the matrix enhancing the creep resistance. The Sn to Ca ratio is an important variable in deciding the type of intermetallic phases that form in the microstructure.In Mg-3Sn-1Ca alloy (TX31), a single intermetallic phase CaMgSnforms, which is responsible for its improved creep strength.With a view to evaluate its forgeability,isothermal forging experiments of TX31 were conducted on a hydraulic press in the temperature range of 350 °C to 500 °C and at speeds of 0.01 mm s-1to 10 mm s-1 using a semi-closed die. Finite-element (FE) simulation of the forging process was also conducted using the software DEFORM 2D to obtain the local variations of strain and strain rate. The effectivestrain values are below2.4 in the forged components and the forging loads predicted using FE simulation correlated well with the experimental data for all the forging conditions. The microstructures of the forgings show that CaMgSn phase is well distributed in the matrix which exhibited dynamically recrystallized microstructure as predicted by the processing map.

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Li, Jian, Hui Xue Sun, Shao Ming Sun, and Xin Xin Liu. "Research on Influencing Factors of Magnesium Alloy Wheels Forging Forming Force." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.65.

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For magnesium alloy wheels have the advantages of light weight, remarkable energy saving effect, this article establishes a new technology of magnesium alloy wheels forging, and forging process is simulated through the use of FEM software. Investigate the effect of several key factors on the forming force. The results show that forming force increases with the die and material temperature reduces. and with the increase of Friction Coefficient, FEM analysis results provide guidance for the actual production.The energy consumption test shows that compared with aluminum alloy energy saving rate of road and laboratory bench test of magnesium alloy wheels respectively is 11 percent and 15.4 percent. Energy saving effect is remarkable.

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Kapustová, Mária, and Jozef Bílik. "The Description of Precision Forging Technology in Closed Die of Mg Alloy AZ31 Using Computer Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.78.

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Automotive industry is nowadays constantly strengthening its dominant position. Its primary objective is to reduce weight of automobiles in order to decrease fuel consumption and amount of harmful pollutant emissions. From the viewpoint of further development in the field of automotive industry, very interesting are the issues of die forgings production from light non-ferrous metals. This article describes research of precision die forging technology in closed die with regard to magnesium alloy type AZ 31. Given alloy type Mg-Al-Zn is suitable for bulk forming and is characterized by good formability at hot conditions. Results of this research may be applied to production of forgings with longitudinal shape, e.g. levers and connecting rods. In order to verify the design of forging technology in closed die for lever-shaped forged piece the simulation program MSC.SuperForge was used. Numeric simulation of die forging process confirmed suitable designed shape and dimensions of semi product and also correct material plastic flow in cavity of closed die.

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Ruan, Li Qun, Masafumi Noda, Yasuo Marumo, and Yoshihito Kawamura. "Microstructure of the High-Strength Magnesium Alloy on Cylinder Upsetting." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 1243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.1243.

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Magnesium alloys are known for its light weight. Due to the desirable properties,magnesium is required in the fields such as transportation from the point of significant energy savings.Magnesium alloys are also being expected as an alternative for the next generation materials in fieldsof variety. At present, casting and thixomolding process are the main manufacturing methods formagnesium alloy parts. The major problem for forging of magnesium alloy is the lack of basicprocess data, such as strength and ductility.Mg96Zn2Y2 is a high strength magnesium alloy material newly developed by Dr. Y. Kawamurain Japan. It has attracted much attention recently. The name of this alloy is called as 'Kumadai Goukin'.'Kumadai Goukin' of high strength magnesium alloy material is expected as forged parts of theautomobile and materials for aerospace applications. It is necessary to clarify forging processcharacteristics of this material.The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the processing property of Mg96Zn2Y2 material.In this study, cylinder upsetting tests were performed under various deformation temperatures andspeeds for 'Kumadai Goukin'. Furthermore, the dependence of flow stress and ductility of thesematerials to processing temperature and speed was evaluated. We performed microstructureobservation to examine mechanism. We were analyzed that ductility of this material had improved.

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Takara, Akira, and Kenji Higashi. "The Forming Process of Magnesium Alloy for Japanese Home Electric Components." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.509.

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Magnesium alloys have replaced resins as a material for the components of electronic products such as cell phone and notebook personal computer mainly, because of their lightness and rigidity. Thin walls, a complicated shape, and high appearance quality are all needed in the external parts. Die-casting and injection molding are the main method of manufacturing magnesium alloy parts. The optimal cast conditions and mold design have been investigated in order that a few defects such as surface cracks and mold cavities in casting parts would be reduced. Instead of cast, plastic forming technologies such as warm drawing and hot forging have been developed to form thinner walls and less defects. Plastic formability of magnesium alloy in hot working is dependent on a grain size of material. The material with fine grains has advantage of being formed at high strain rate. The characteristics of forming processes of magnesium parts for Japanese home electric appliances are compared in the viewpoint of quality, cost, and productivity.

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Banaszek, Grzegorz, Teresa Bajor, Anna Kawałek, and Tomasz Garstka. "Investigation of the Influence of Open-Die Forging Parameters on the Flow Kinetics of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14144010.

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This paper presents the results of numerical tests of the process of forging magnesium alloy ingots (AZ91) on a hydraulic press with the use of flat and proprietary shaped anvils. The analysis of the hydrostatic pressure distribution and the deformation intensity was carried out. It is one of the elements used for determining the assumptions for the technology of forging to obtain a semi-finished product from the AZ91 alloy with good strength properties. The aim of the research was to reduce the number of forging passes, which will shorten the operation time and reduce the product manufacturing costs. Numerical tests of the AZ91 magnesium alloy were carried out using commercial Forge®NxT software.

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Gitschel, Robin, Felix Kolpak, Oliver Hering, and A. Erman Tekkaya. "Increasing the Lightweight Potential of Composite Cold Forging by Utilizing Magnesium and Granular Cores." Metals 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010032.

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In this paper a process sequence, that uses forward rod extrusion with cold forged C15 steel cup billets to produce lightweight shafts, is presented. The steel cup billets feature either a lightweight magnesium alloy core or a granular medium core that is removed after forming to obtain hollow shafts without the need of complex tools and highly loaded mandrels. It is shown that composite shafts featuring magnesium cores can be produced for a wide range of extrusion strains. Due to high hydrostic pressures in forward rod extrusion, the forming limit of magnesium at room temperature can be expanded. The observed bond strength between core and sheath is below the shear yield strength of utilized magnesium AZ31 alloy. Hollow shafts are successfully produced with the presented process route by utilizing zirconium oxide beads or quartz sand as a lost core. As the law of constant volume in metal forming is violated by compressible granular media, a simulation approach using a modified Drucker-Prager yield surface to model these materials is validated to provide a tool for efficient process design. Granular cores and magnesium alloy cores offer new possibilities in production of lightweight shafts by means of composite cold forging. Both process variants allow for higher weight savings than composite shafts based on aluminum cores.

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Zhu, Qingfeng, Lei Li, Zhiqiang Zhang, Zhihao Zhao, Yubo Zuo, and Jianzhong Cui. "Microstructure Evolution of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy during Multi-Directional Forging Process." MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 55, no. 2 (2014): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.m2013251.

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Xu, Wenchen, Chuan Yang, Debin Shaninst, Fuchang Xu, Guan Wang, and Bin Guo. "Study on the isothermal forging process of MB26 magnesium alloy adaptor." MATEC Web of Conferences 21 (2015): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20152102006.

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Qi, Yushi, Heng Wang, Lili Chen, Hongming Zhang, Gang Chen, Lihua Chen, and Zhiming Du. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of ZK61-Y Magnesium Alloy Wheel Hub via Liquid Forging—Isothermal Forging Process." Metals 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030385.

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A ZK61-Y magnesium (Mg) alloy wheel hub was prepared via liquid forging—isothermal forging process. The effects of Y-element contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of liquid forging blanks were investigated. The formation order of the second phase was I-phase (Mg3Zn6Y) → W-phase (Mg3Zn3Y2) → Z-phase (Mg12ZnY) with the increase of the Y-element content. Meanwhile, the I-phase and Z-phase formed in the liquid forging process were beneficial to the grain refinement. The numerical simulation of the isothermal forging process was carried out to analyze the effects of forming temperature on the temperature and stress field in the forming parts using the software Deform-3D. Isothermal forging experiments and post heat treatments were conducted. The influence of isothermal forging temperature, heat treatment temperature and preservation time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the forming parts were also studied. The dynamic recrystallization (DRX), second-phase hardening, and work hardening account for the improvement of properties after the isothermal forging process. The forming part forged at 380 °C displayed the outstanding properties. The elongation, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength were 18.5%, 150 MPa and 315 MPa, respectively. The samples displayed an increased elongation and decreased strength after heat treatments. The 520 °C—1 h sample possessed the best mechanical properties, the elongation was 25.5%, the yield stress was 125 MPa and the ultimate tensile strength was 282 MPa. This can be ascribed to the recrystallization and the elimination of working hardening. Meanwhile, the second phase transformation (I-phase → W-phase → Mg2Y + MgZn2), dissolution, and decomposition can be observed, as well.

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Ho, Huey Lin, Su Hai Hsiang, and Zun Yao Huang. "Investigation of the Formability of Flanged Parts of Magnesium Alloy under Hot Forging Process." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.67.

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This study investigated the mechanical properties and forming characteristics of flanged parts made of AZ61 magnesium alloys via hot working. The bearing cover of the gearbox in cars was selected as a carrier in hot forging to probe into the formability of magnesium alloys. A high-speed metal test machine was used for compression tests under different forming temperatures and strain rates to obtain stress-strain curves. The stress-strain data are applied to the Finite Element Method to analyze the formability of the bearing cover. Finally, based on the comparison of simulation and experimental results, we conclude that under the same billet heating temperature and low strain rate, the forming load was small and no cracks developed on the flanges of forged parts. However, under the same condition, the microstructure of the part was coarse. This study also attempted to identify a method for manufacturing a bearing cover with a low forging load, and determined how temperature influences hardness and microstructure of the bearing cover.

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Shan, Debin, Wenchen Xu, Xiuzhu Han, and Xiaolei Huang. "Study on isothermal precision forging process of rare earth intensifying magnesium alloy." Materials Science and Engineering: B 177, no. 19 (November 2012): 1698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mseb.2011.10.006.

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Li, Hong Bo, Mu Huang, Jun Ting Luo, and Jun Zhao. "Precision Forging of Casting AZ31 Magnesium Inner Spur-Gear." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.13.

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Based on the two-stage forming technology, the casting AZ31 Magnesium alloy bar was forged into cylindrical straight inner gear between the temperature 250°C-400°C. At 250°C, the teeth of the inner gear are almost formed. But there are some cyclic cracks on the surface of the sample. When improving the temperature above 300°C, the surface quality of the sample has greatly improved. According to the result of this experiment, the best temperature range for forging AZ31 magnesium gear is 280°C to 380°C.The forming load gradually reduced with the temperature improved. At 250°C, the forming load is 93t. At the 400°C, the forming load reduces to 80t.The initial grain size of AZ31 magnesium alloy bar is 22μm. The microstructure evolution during the warm deformation was observed by optical microscopy (OM). It is demonstrated that the grain refinement happened during the deformation process.

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Deng, Zi Yu, Xian Gang Chen, and Jian Zhong Cui. "Study on Texture of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Induced by Multi-Axial Forging." Advanced Materials Research 690-693 (May 2013): 2254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.690-693.2254.

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The texture of as-cast AZ80 magnesium alloy after multi-axial forging processes was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show that, the first cycle induced two groups of texture forming, which had certain angles to the elongated direction and had high strength surface texture in specimen. However, after the second process, dynamic recrystallization occurred and majority of tensile twins developed, which made a small deflection on basal plane, and the orientation of the texture of basal plane changed. It resulted in the texture intensity decrease. The weak texture formed during multi-axial forging process is different from that formed during extrusion, rolling and other processes significantly.This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.

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Zhou, Ming, Jianyong Cao, Fulin Yu, and Xia Wei. "Evaluation of Magnesium Extrusion Production." Materials Science Forum 488-489 (July 2005): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.488-489.483.

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Compared with any other pressure processing methods, extrusion is more prone to develop the plasticity of the metal. Extrusions have much better size precision and surface quality than products by rolling and forging. As one-shot molding process, extrusion can eliminate some machining. In addition, extrusions have very high strengths and elongations because of their compact interior structures and fine grains. This paper summarizes some experiences and plans in extrusion production of CQMST(Chongqing Magnesium Science & Technology Co.Ltd). Magnesium, a plentiful element with density of 1.78g/cm3，2/3 of aluminum and 1/4 of steel, is characterized by its high specific strength and toughness, good dumping performance, thermal conductivity and electromagnetism shielding as well as recyclability. Following the advancing technologies of magnesium smelting, high pressure processing, surface treatment and soldering since 1990’s, the prices of magnesium and its ingot stepped down. As an important light engineering material, magnesium application is growing at annual speed of 15%, much higher than aluminum, copper, zinc, nickel and steel. In China, magnesium and magnesium alloy development, application and industrialization has been placed on the National “Tenth Five-year Plans” and the National “863” Scheme, which indicated the coming of new age for magnesium and magnesium alloy development and application in China. In the past, most of the magnesium products were produced by casting, especially die casting and thixomolding. It’s always considered that the crystal structure of magnesium is hexagonal close-packed, and only two slip planes exist at room temperature, so compared with other alloys, it’s very difficult to produce magnesium parts by forging, rolling or extrusion. Nevertheless, practice showed that if heated to a certain temperature, magnesium extrusion may not be hard work, and even easier than 5056 and 2024 aluminum. When extruded with distributary die, magnesium alloy can have better soldering performance than aluminum alloys mentioned above, just because new slip system forms along with increasing temperature (>225°C) and accordingly increases the plasticity of magnesium.

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Hirawatari, Sueji, Hisaki Watari, Shinichi Nishida, Yuki Sato, and Mayumi Suzuki. "Evaluation of Friction Properties of Magnesium Alloy during Hot Forging by Ring Compression Test." Materials Science Forum 889 (March 2017): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.889.119.

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This paper deals with friction properties and deformation resistance during hot forming of Mg-Al-Ca-Mn series magnesium alloys. Friction coefficients between dies and magnesium alloys were obtained by ring compression tests that used graphite, PTFE, and an oil lubricant in a hot-forging process. Hot forging was performed under various conditions to clarify the effects of types of lubricants and slide motion of the press machines on friction properties. Two types of slide motion, a constant velocity motion and a pulse motion were selected in the ring-compression test. It was found that graphite with an oil lubricant effectively eliminated die sticking in hot forming of magnesium alloys. The isothermal deformation resistances were derived using friction coefficients obtained by ring-compression tests as well as finite-element simulations. The predicted stress strain curves with temperature were examined with the stress-strain relationship obtained in experiments using a servo press and demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Gontarz, Andrzej, Krzysztof Drozdowski, Jacek Michalczyk, Sylwia Wiewiórowska, Zbigniew Pater, Janusz Tomczak, Grzegorz Samołyk, Grzegorz Winiarski, and Piotr Surdacki. "Forging of Mg-Al-Zn Magnesium Alloys on Screw Press and Forging Hammer." Materials 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14010032.

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Magnesium alloys are highly strain rate sensitive and exhibit good workability in a narrow forging temperature range. Consequently, parts made of these materials are usually forged with low-speed hydraulic presses, using specially designed tool heating systems in order to ensure near-isothermal conditions. This study investigates whether popular magnesium alloys such as Mg-Al-Zn can be forged in forging machines equipped with high-speed forming tools. Experimental upset forging tests on AZ31B, AZ61A and AZ80A specimens were conducted, using a screw press with a ram speed of 0.5 m/s and a die forging hammer with a ram speed at stroke of about 5 m/s. Test specimens were preheated to 350 °C, 410 °C and 450 °C. After the upset forging process, they were air- or water-cooled and then examined for their workability, hardness and grain size. To validate the results, a forging process for a producing handle was designed and modelled by the finite element method. Distributions of strain, temperature and fracture criterion were analysed, and energy and force parameters of the forging process were calculated. After that, experimental tests were performed on AZ31B and AZ61A specimens in order to determine mechanical properties of forged parts and examine their micro- and macrostructure. Results have demonstrated that AZ80A is not suitable for forging with either the screw press or the die forging hammer, that AZ61A can be press- and hammer-forged but to a limited extent, and that AZ31B can be subjected to forging in both forging machines analysed in the study.

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JARFORS, ANDERS E. W., KARL-ULRICH KAINER, MING-JEN TAN, and JOHN YONG. "RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURING OF COMPONENTS FROM ALUMINIUM-, MAGNESIUM- AND TITANIUM-BASED ALLOYS." COSMOS 05, no. 01 (May 2009): 23–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607709000439.

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Recent developments in the field of manufacturing techniques and alloy development of light materials are reviewed. In the field of manufacturing Aluminium based components, special attention is given to casting, including liquid forging and semi-solid forming technology while for sheet metal forming technology the focus is on material properties and process technology in superplastic forming. For the manufacturing of Magnesium-based components, special attention is given to casting processes and alloy development for casting. For wrought Magnesium, material properties control is covered. For Titanium-based components, an overview of the latest additions to high strength alloys are given, including non-linear elasticity as demonstrated by materials like GUM Metal™. Advanced forming technology such as Levi Casting are also treated.

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Kiong, Sia Chee, Loo Yee Lee, Siaw Hua Chong, Mohd Azwir Azlan, and Nik Hisyamudin Muhd Nor. "Decision Making with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Material Selection in Screw Manufacturing for Minimizing Environmental Impacts." Applied Mechanics and Materials 315 (April 2013): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.315.57.

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This study is an approach to investigate the environmental impact of screw manufacturing and to choose suitable material for selected screw-making processes for the best performance with minimum environmental impact. The parameters involved were types of material and screw-making process using the environmental data available in Asia region. The two different manufacturing approaches being evaluated were machining and forging. The types of material considered were low carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy and aluminium alloy. As for machining process, the materials being considered in screw manufacturing were low carbon steel, stainless steel, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy and cast iron. The information of environmental impact are generated by SolidWorks. Sustainability tool was used in the formation of pair-wise comparison matrices for Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Then, the ranking of global priorities had enabled the determination of appropriate material to be used for those selected screw manufacturing process. As a result, aluminium alloy was found to give minimum environmental impact for forging process whereas cast iron was found to excel in machining process. At the same time, titanium alloy was not suggested to be used in either process.

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Azhagan, M. Thirumal, B. Mohan, and A. Rajadurai. "Experimental Study of Squeeze Casting of Aluminium Alloy AA6061." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.422.

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The squeeze casting of aluminium alloys is a rapidly developing technical process that offers the potential for widespread utilization and growth. Squeeze casting process is the result of search of new production processes which are capable of producing components with high integrity. Squeeze casting also called as liquid metal forging combines the advantages of both casting and forging in one operation. Squeeze casting process is suited for all melting ranges of metals. But nowadays, light weight materials like aluminium and magnesium are mostly used in the aerospace and automotive industries. In this attempt, Squeeze casting of AA6061 was done by varying the process parameters such as squeeze pressure at three levels(40 MPa, 80 MPa and 120 MPa) , die preheat temperature at 200 °C and pressure applied duration at 15 seconds respectively and the components were produced. The specimens were made from these components and they were tested for tensile strength and fatigue life. It was observed that the tensile strength and fatigue life exhibited by the components were enhanced with the increase in squeeze pressure.

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SHIMIZU, Masahiro, Yoshitaka SATO, Yuki AKAIKE, Humiya YAMANO, Masaru HUJITA, Hayato ASO, and Shinichi NISHIDA. "404 Hot forging of magnesium alloy plate produced by semi continuous strip casting process." Proceedings of Ibaraki District Conference 2015.23 (2015): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeibaraki.2015.23.135.

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Guan, Ren-guo, Li-qing Chen, Fu-rong Cao, Zhan-yong Zhao, and Yong Ren. "Semisolid die forging process, microstructures and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy mobile telephone shells." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 18, no. 6 (December 2011): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-011-0493-y.

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Liu, Juan, and Zhenshan Cui. "Hot forging process design and parameters determination of magnesium alloy AZ31B spur bevel gear." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 209, no. 18-19 (September 2009): 5871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.06.015.

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Płonka, B., M. Lech-Grega, K. Remsak, P. Korczak, and A. Kłyszewski. "Die Forging of High-Strength Magnesium Alloys – the Structure and Mechanical Properties in Different Heat Treatment Conditions / Kucie Matrycowe Wysokowytrzymałych Stopów Mg – Struktura I Własciwosci Mechaniczne W Róznych Stanach Obróbki Cieplnej." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 58, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10172-012-0162-9.

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The object of this study was to develop parameter of the die forging process, such as feedstock temperature and to investigate her impact on the structure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloys in different heat treatment conditions. Tests were carried out on a 2,5MN maximum capacity vertical hydraulic press using forgings of sample (model) shapes. Then, based on the results obtained in previous work, research was carried out to develop for items forged from magnesium alloys the parameters of heat treatment to the T5 and T6 condition in the context of achieving possibly homogeneous and fine-grained structure and, consequently, high mechanical properties.

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Idris, M. H., Hassan Jafari, S. E. Harandi, M. Mirshahi, and S. Koleyni. "Characteristics of As-Cast and Forged Biodegradable Mg-Ca Binary Alloy Immersed in Kokubo Simulated Body Fluid." Advanced Materials Research 445 (January 2012): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.445.301.

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Biodegradable implant is an alternative to metallic implant and has the advantage of not being necessary to remove once the fracture has healed. Magnesium is particularly desirable since it is biocompatible and has a modulus of elasticity closer to bone. In addition, it shows ability to biodegrade in situ, when used as an implant material. In this research, different percentages of calcium were added to magnesium during melting of the alloy. A selected alloy was forged at different parameters. Both as cast and forged alloys were subjected to polarization test performed in Kokubo simulated body fluid. Immersion test in the fluid was conducted for 96 hours to investigate the formation, growth and morphology of the hydroxyapatite on the surface of the alloys. The results showed that similar electrochemical behaviour took place in the alloys regardless of the calcium content. However, an increase in corrosion rate was observed with increasing calcium content. It was also observed that forging process decreased the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Furthermore, increasing calcium content accelerated the growth of bone-like apatite in the alloy.

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Hirawatari, Sueji, Hisaki Watari, Shinichi Nishida, Mayumi Suzuki, and Toshio Haga. "Hot Forging of Roll-Cast Magnesium Alloys with High Aluminum Content." Key Engineering Materials 789 (November 2018): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.789.187.

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This paper deals with characteristics of hot forging of twin roll cast magnesium alloyswhich have relatively high aluminum content. High tensile strength magnesium alloys containing 9 to12% aluminum, such as Mg-9%Al-1%Zn, Mg-10%Al-1%Zn, Mg-11%Al-1%Zn, andMg-12%Al-1%Zn have been made by twin roll casting. A new experiment was performed for hotforging of high strength magnesium alloys with high aluminum content was performed. From theresults, using magnesium alloys with high aluminum content yielded less compressive deformationresistance than AXM403. It was also demonstrated that hot forging of magnesium alloys with highaluminum content produces small magnesium crystals (about six micro meters) and crystallizedsubstances. The mean grain size of the microstructure of Mg-12%Al-1%Zn forged at 623K was lessten micrometers although that of the Mg-9%Al-1%Zn was about thirty micrometers. The small betaphase which precipitates in the twin roll cast Mg-12%Al-1%Zn was distributed uniformly comparingto Mg-9%Al-1%Zn. From the result of microscopic observation of the forged products, it has beenrecognised that the Hall-petch rule between mean grain size of forged materials and Vickers hardnesshas been proved. The effects of the dynamic recrystallization on the microstructures of the twin-rollcast products seem to be different in terms of aluminum content. Due to rapid cooling of twin-rollcasting process process, the fabricated magnesium material could be used for hot forging. By applyinga servo press machine, a hot-forging experiment was performed with development of high strengthmagnesium alloys. A novel material that show higher hardness have been fabricated by usingtwin-roll casting process. It has also been clarified that the aluminum content affect precipitation ofbeta phase as well as grain size.

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Śliwa, R. E., T. Balawender, E. Hadasik, D. Kuc, A. Gontarz, A. Korbel, and W. Bochniak. "Metal Forming of Lightweight Magnesium Alloys for Aviation Applications." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 62, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 1559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2017-0239.

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AbstractThe work presents an analysis of selected magnesium alloys as structural materials to be used in production of aircraft parts as well as their technological parameters in some manufacturing processes. Upsetting test, backward extrusion and Kobo extrusion of complex cross-sectional profiles and forging process were realized using magnesium alloys AZ31, AZ61, AZ80, WE 43 and Mg alloy with Li for production of thin - walled aircraft profiles and forged aviation parts. The range of temperatures and extrusion rate for the manufacturing these profiles were determined. Tests also covered the analysis of microstructure of Mg alloys in the initial state as well as after the extrusion process. It has been proved that the proper choice of parameters in the case of a specific profile extruded from magnesium alloys allows the manufacturing of products of complex cross-sections and the quality required in aerospace industry. This has been demonstrated on the examples of complex cross-sectional profiles using elements of varied wall thickness and examples of forged aviation parts: aircraft wheel hub and helicopter lever for control system.

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Gryguć, Andrew, Seyed Behzad Behravesh, Hamid Jahed, Mary Wells, Bruce Williams, Rudy Gruber, Alex Duquette, Tom Sparrow, Jim Prsa, and Xuming Su. "A Method for Comparing the Fatigue Performance of Forged AZ80 Magnesium." Metals 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11081290.

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A closed die forging process was developed to successfully forge an automotive suspension component from AZ80 Mg at a variety of different forging temperatures (300 °C, 450 °C). The properties of the forged component were compared and contrasted with other research works on forged AZ80 Mg at both an intermediate forging and full-scale component forging level. The monotonic response, as well as the stress and strain-controlled fatigue behaviours, were characterized for the forged materials. Stress, strain and energy-based fatigue data were used as a basis for comparison of the durability performance. The effects of the starting material, forging temperature, forging geometry/configuration were all studied and aided in developing a deeper understanding of the process-structure-properties relationship. In general, there is a larger improvement in the material properties due to forging with cast base material as the microstructural modification which enhances both the strength and ductility is more pronounced. In general, the optimum fatigue properties were achieved by using extruded base-material and forging using a closed-die process at higher strain rates and lower temperatures. The merits and drawbacks of various fatigue damage parameters (FDP’s) were investigated for predicting the fatigue behaviour of die-forged AZ80 Mg components, of those investigated, strain energy density (SED) proved to be the most robust method of comparison.

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Rao, K. P., Y. V. R. K. Prasad, and K. Suresh. "Anisotropy of Flow during Forging of Rolled AZ31B Plate in Transverse Direction." Materials Science Forum 690 (June 2011): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.57.

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Forging of a rib-web shape in rolled AZ31B magnesium alloy was conducted in the transverse direction at speeds of 0.01-10 mm s-1 in the temperature range 300-500 °C with the objective of validating the flow anisotropy. The finite element programme DEFORM was used to simulate the forging process to obtain the local values of strain and strain rate. Forgings done along the transverse direction at temperatures higher than 400 °C resulted in a symmetrical cup-shape while those done at lower temperatures exhibited an elliptical boat-shape with the major axis coinciding with the rolling direction and the minor axis aligning with the normal direction. This anisotropy of flow was due to the strong basal texture in the rolled plate and the dominance of prismatic slip at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures, pyramidal slip dominates along with cross- slip as the recovery mechanism, which reinstates the symmetry of flow by destroying the initial texture.

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Peng, Peng, Jia She, Aitao Tang, Jianyue Zhang, Shibo Zhou, Xiao Xiong, and Fusheng Pan. "Novel continuous forging extrusion in a one-step extrusion process for bulk ultrafine magnesium alloy." Materials Science and Engineering: A 764 (September 2019): 138144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138144.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Forging process of magnesium alloy'

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