Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Formage à chaud du métal'
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Slimani, Faouzi. "Modélisation mécanique des aptitudes de formage à chaud des structures minces avec remaillage adaptatif." Troyes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TROY0012.
Full textThe experimental and numerical investigations conducted in this study provide an input in the identification and experimental procedure of thin sheet structure forming. The uniaxial tensile tests at ambient temperature and heat have given some interesting information about the effect of physical parameters involved in the thermo-hydroforming process. By varying the type of material, with increase in temperature leads to an increase in stress and elongation for the annealed aluminum and a remarkable increase in stress for mild steel, stainless steel and aluminum semi hard. Also these tests at moderate temperature improve the formability of the material. The second tests series concern the hydro bulging tests at high temperature of free expansion sheet or the sheet hydroforming with different die geometry. The obtained results of circular and elliptical specimens showed that the thickness decreases with increasing temperature and especially in the areas of plastic instability. Side of the numerical results of determining the parameters of strain hardening, anisotropy and damage are optimized using specific algorithms to each stage. Numerical simulation is made with adaptive remeshing to minimize the computation time and improves the predicted results
Soranansri, Panuwat. "Tribological behavior in hot forming of aluminum alloy : tribological performance of commercial PVD coatings and mechanisms of aluminum transfer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2025. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/59dae705-f61e-4502-b722-6abf28311853.
Full textThe aims of this PhD thesis were to find effective surface coatings to prevent the material transfer issue and to study the mechanisms of material transfer in the hot forming of aluminum alloy. The workpiece material was AA 6082-T6 aluminum alloy, which is widely used to produce automotive components.The warm and hot upsetting sliding test (WHUST) was selected as the main tribometer in this study. To control the testing temperatures precisely, a scaled-down apparatus of the WHUST was designed to integrate into the heating chamber of the Bruker UMT TriboLab platform. The preliminary experiments of the new apparatus found that the pile-up material significantly occurred in front of the contactor due to the high friction at the interface and the deformation characteristic of the aluminum alloy at high temperatures. From this point, the pile-up material was considered as a new parameter in analytical equations used to identify the Coulomb coefficient of friction (COF) and the shear friction factor.The new apparatus of the WHUST was then used to evaluate the tribological performance of three commercial PVD coatings: AlCrN, TiAlN, and Arc-DLC. The experiments were performed at temperatures between 300˚C and 500˚C, at 0.5 mm/s of sliding speed under non-lubrication contact conditions. Those conditions led to the mean contact pressure between 40 MPa and 100 MPa. The results showed that the Arc-DLC coating had better efficiency in alleviating the aluminum transfer issue than the AlCrN and TiAlN coatings. The Arc-DLC coating caused less adhesive to the aluminum alloy and less transferred aluminum, especially in the initial period. Moreover, these findings were consolidated under higher contact pressure by using the hot V-groove compression test (HVGCT).Following that, the Arc-DLC coating was selected to study the mechanisms of aluminum transfer on the forming tool in detail. The WHUST was performed with the specific short sliding distance (2 mm) to investigate the initial stage of aluminum transfer, while the full sliding distance (38 mm) was used to examine the evolution of aluminum transfer. The experiments were conducted at the same testing temperatures with two different sliding speeds, 0.5 mm/s and 5.0 mm/s, under non-lubrication contact conditions. It was found that the aluminum transfer in the initial stage was mainly caused by mechanical plowing. Then, during the grow-up stage, the aluminum transfer was dominated by mechanical plowing and/or adhesive bonding, depending on the testing temperatures and the sliding velocities. Additionally, the different transfer mechanisms caused dissimilar COFs, surface characteristics along the friction track of the specimen, as well as transferred aluminum.In the last part of this PhD thesis, Machine Learning (ML) was involved to study the mechanisms of aluminum transfer. The previous part found that the wear characteristics along the friction track could be a significant indicator to differentiate the transfer mechanisms. Thus, the surface topographies and the SEM images along the friction track were used to classify by five simple ML algorithms and a custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture, respectively. It was proved that the ML with topographic data and the CNN with SEM image data had the potential to identify the wear mode accurately
Falipou, Marc. "Tribologie du contact verre-métal à haute température : Application au formage du verre creux." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1998. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1752_mfalipou.pdf.
Full textThe hollow glass forming process requires a periodic lubrication of the metallic parts in contact with glass. As this lubrication induces many process defects, the objective of this study is to propose new outlooks in order to reduce it to 48 hours. A first step consists in building experimental tools, on the basis of the examination of the present industrial system, dedicated to the tribological study of two different contacts. The first tool, called loading sensor, allows the in vivo investigation (directly on the forming machine) of the dynamic contact, representative of the loading step of the parison inside the blank mould. A complementary mechanical modelling justifies the pertinence of this apparatus. A second tool, called glass press apparatus, allows to investigate at a laboratory scale the glass to metal sticking phenomenon representative of the blank demoulding. A second step exposes the experimental results obtained with model and industrial substrates, in both dynamic and static situations. We observe that those contacts are essentially dependant on three parameters : the formation process of a transition layer between the glass and the metallic oxides coming from the substrate, the thickness of this oxide layer, and at least in the case of the dynamic contact, the surface morphology of the substrate. The formation kinetic of the transition layer depends on the nature of the oxides at the interface and on the glass viscosity. All the experimental observations, linked with the glass moulding material requirements, finally allow to formulate industrial proposals
Liu, Zhigang. "Étude numérique et expérimentale de AZ31-O feuille en alliage de magnésium formage à chaud." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00718370.
Full textSaidi, Badreddine. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du procédé de formage incrémental à chaud de tôles en titane." Thesis, Troyes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TROY0025.
Full textThe incremental forming process is a flexible forming process, with low cost tooling. It is perfectly suited for single use products as customized titanium implants or prosthesis. But the important forming forces with titanium limit the geometries to realize. One of the solutions consists in performing this process at hot temperature.The objective of this work is to study numerically and experimentally the warm incremental forming process of titanium sheets. A new setup for the warm incremental forming process is proposed. It is based on the use of heating cartridges. A hot experimental test campaign with Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets is conducted in order to study the impact of the temperature and process parameters on the axial force and thickness distribution for a truncated cone. It is shown that the forming forces are lower at hot temperature and the formability is improved. For a temperature of 450°C, a forming limit angle of 57° is obtained.Numerical simulations with Abaqus of the incremental forming process are performed at room temperature and hot temperature. We show the impact of the punch diameter and the axial step size on the axial force and thickness. The optimum values of these parameters are determined by using an experimental design and response surfaces. The comparison between results obtained numerically and experimentally allows to validate the numerical model. We are then interested in the warm incremental forming process of a human skull prosthesis. A reverse engineering approach is used
Garcia-Aranda, Lucia. "Étude thermomécanique et modélisation numérique de l'emboutissage à chaud de l'Usibor 1500." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443614.
Full textPour réaliser ces calculs, la connaissance du comportement du matériau ainsi que celles des échanges thermiques gérant l'évolution de température dans la tôle sont cruciales. Le comportement mécanique comme l'évolution de la température sont décrits par des lois mathématiques dépendant d'un certain nombre de paramètres propres à chaque matériau. Ces paramètres ont été identifiés pour notre matériau dans les conditions du procédé d'emboutissage à chaud.
Brunelot, Juliette. "Simulation de la mise en forme à chaud par la Méthode Asymptotique Numerique." Metz, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1999/Brunelot.Juliette.SMZ9936.pdf.
Full textDavoodi, Behnam. "Etude du comportement quasi-statique et dynamique des matériaux métalliques à haute température : simulation numérique du formage à chaud." Rennes, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAR0010.
Full textThe objective of this thesis lies within the general scope of searching constitutive equations for simulation of hot metal forming at high strain rate. In particular, we are interested in studying the dynamic behavior of aluminum 5083 by utilizing the shpb system for identification of the constitutive equation parameters at high strain rates and high temperatures. A new specimen in the form of a halter is introduced to facilitate the shpb test at an elevated temperature. The ability of this specimen to maintain its temperature, relative to the cylindrical specimen, between the cut-off of the heating device and prior to the impact of the striker, with or without contact with the pressure bars, has been studied via both experimental tests and finite element methods. The form of the specimen was optimized by comparing all the results obtained in experiments and by simulation. The parameters for all material models are identified from experimental data by using the inverse analysis method. For validation of the material model, shpb test is simulated at various strain rates and various temperatures. The explicit finite element code abaqus is used in these simulations. The validation methodology used here is to compare the recorded strain gauge histories measured on the pressure bars with the histories of the simulated strain gauges. Finally, an example is presented, where the process of hot forming of aluminum panels of airplanes is simulated and studied via fe modeling
Marzouki, Marouane. "Tribométrie à haute température : conception et réalisation d'un banc d'essai à chaud : Application à l'étude d'un acier revêtu (Usibor 1500P) pour emboutissage à chaud." Compiègne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005COMP1597.
Full textHot stamping is a process in progress used in the automobile sector, particularly for an aluminised and quenchable steel sheet working: Usibor 1500P. In this process, working tools are subjected to thermal, mechanical and metallurgical stress. These constraints are fully coupled and are acting in synergy. Therefore, it is difficult to control friction and wear in this process. The understanding of the tribological phenomena occurring in the tool/sheet interface becomes very important in order to control the dissipated energy and the tools durability which directly affects the surface quality of the final product. This study concerns these problems with a scientific and technological approach. In this work, the first chapter relates to a bibliographical study describing the process of metallic material stamping and in particular hot stamping with simultaneous hardening of a coated steel Usibor 1500P. The process, mechanical, tribological and experimental simulation aspects of stamping are approached. The second chapter treats to the experimental methodology which is required in terms of design and achievement in order to satisfy the industrial specifications. The high temperature pin on disc in open contact tribometer, designed and built up, is described. The material tools (represented by pins) and material product (Usibor 1500P) are presented. The analysis and observation means are briefly exposed. The third chapter concerns the essential validation of the tribometer by the analysis of its response in terms of the surface temperature evaluation and the spiral trajectory analytical modelling. The fourth and final chapter gives all the experimental results and their discussion such: § The Usibor 1500P surface analysis for a better understanding of its tribological behaviour. § The coefficient of friction for the different couples of materials. § The characterization and analysis of the various types of pin and disc wear. After that, a discussion on the coefficient of friction is done. Then, a numerical model of pin on disc in open trajectory system is proposed. The objective is to predict a friction law formulation according to the experimental conditions. Lastly, pin and disc wear mechanisms are proposed and the importance of the tribosystem is shown. Some practical recommendations are finally proposed from this work
García, Aranda Maria Lucia. "Etude thermomécanique et modélisation numérique de l'emboutissage à chaud de l'Usibor 1500." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1268.
Full textSurdon, Gilles. "Simulation numérique du forgeage tridimensionnel à chaud." Paris, ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0007.
Full textCollet-Fenétrier, Jean-Michel. "Étude et maitrise du profil thermique transversal des bandes d'acier lors du laminage à chaud." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10132.
Full textThomas, Corinne. "Interactions entre verre et métal à haute température. Application aux problèmes de collage entre émailet revêtement de matrice lors du formage des vitrages des automobiles." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20083.
Full textTheyssier, Marie-Christine. "Compression plane à chaud de cristaux d'aluminium et d'aluminium-magnésium : de la déformation à chaud à la recristallisation." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG4209.
Full textKolebina, Natalia. "Caractérisation des properiétés d'aciers supermartensitiques pour une optimisation de procédés de mise en forme d'éléments de turbine hydraulique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI093.
Full textThe current manufacturing of hydraulic turbine components is complex, metal-consuming and expensive process. The one way of improving this process is forming complex shapes that will decrease the amount of welding and post treatment. The new forming process requires the investigation of new materials having good deformability and satisfying the requirements to material for hydraulic turbine application. The supermartensitic steels are attractive as they have exceptional combination of high corrosion resistance, good weldability, tensile strength and ductile behavior.The aim of this work is the determination and modeling of supermartensitic stainless steel behavior at high temperature to control and optimize process of hot forming the parts of hydraulic turbine runner.Different parameters affect the hot forming of steel. On the one hand, the knowledge about steel microstructure and transformation is needed to optimize temperature of forming and analyze results, and on the other hand, the mechanical experiments need to be performed to determine high temperature behavior of steel and constitutive law which allow to model process of forming. Thus firstly detailed study of microstructure and transformation of supermartensitic steel is presented. It has been demonstrated that the heat treatment can improve microstructure of material and exclude disadvantage of steel making. Then the mechanical behavior at high temperature was investigated. Tensile tests were carried out in the interval of temperature from 650°C to 1100°C at strain rate in range from 0,0004s-1 to 0,04s-1. The influences of temperature, strain rate, grain size, content and morphology of phases on mechanical behavior have been analyzed. Additionally brief investigation of cavities at full austenite zone has been done. Finally the constitutive laws were determined and modeling of behavior is presentede Examples of bending process are reported, corresponding to real and complex shapes of turbine parts.The presented investigation of supermartensitic stainless steel and proposed constitutive laws allow optimization the process of hot forming
Kerrich, Driss. "Contribution à l'étude du paramétrage du procédé de soudage TIG (sans métal et avec apport de fil chaud) : application aux cas des éprouvettes tubullaires." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10245.
Full textBatista, dos Santos Marcio Wagner. "Investigation of the mechanical behaviour and microstructural evolution of titanium alloys under superplastic and hot forming conditions." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EMAC0013/document.
Full textThis thesis was developed in the frame of a Brazil-France cooperation agreement between the École des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux and the Polytechnic School of Engineering of the University of Sao Paulo (EPUSP). It aims to contribute to the study of the mechanical behaviour of Ti6Al4V alloys especially in terms of superplastic forming. The general objective of this research is to develop non-conventional forming processes for new titanium alloys applied to aerospace components. Therefore, in accordance of the equipment’s available in the two groups, the work will be conducted either at the Ecole des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux and either at EPUSP. This thesis aims to answer questions such as what are the implications in relation to the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of these alloys during superplastic and hot forming in order to establish a behaviour law for these alloys based on titanium. This requires a good knowledge of the properties of materials used in the superplastic and hot forming domain to control the parameters governing the phenomenon of superplasticity or high temperature plasticity. For this, a testing strategy and characterization methodology of those new titanium alloys was developed. The tests include high temperature uniaxial tensile tests on several Ti6Al4V alloys showing different initial grain sizes. Special focus was made on the microstructural evolution prior to testing (i.e. during specimen temperature increase and stabilization) and during testing. Testing range was chosen to cover the hot forming and superplastic deformation domain. Grain growth is depending on alloy initial microstructures but also on the duration of the test at testing temperature (static growth) and testing strain rate (dynamic growth). After testing microstructural evolutions of the alloys will be observed by optical micrograph or SEM and results are used to increase behaviour model accuracy. Advanced unified behaviour models where introduced in order to cover the whole strain rate and temperature range: kinematic hardening, strain rate sensitive and grain growth features are included in the model. In order to get validation of the behaviour model, it was introduced in ABAQUS numerical simulation code and model predictions (especially macroscopic deformation and local grain growth) were compared, for one of the material investigated, to axisymmetric inflation forming tests of sheet metal parts, also known as bulge test. To obtain a simple control cycle, tests performed at IPT/LEL laboratory in San José Dos Campos in Brazil were operated with a constant strain rate. Results show a very good correlation with predictions and allows to conclude on an accuracy of the behaviour models of the titanium alloys in industrial forming conditions
Branza, Traian. "Rechargement par soudage d'aciers réfractaires moulés : application à la réparation des matrices de formage superplastique." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30246.
Full textSuperplastic forming (SPF) of TA6V aeronautical sheets is performed at temperatures close to 900°C. Forming tools, manufactured with heat resistant cast steels, are exposed to highly severe thermomechanical stress likely to cause their damage. The purpose of this study is to develop weld repair techniques for SPF dies and to characterize the weld joints using microstructural investigations and mechanical testing. The parameters of welding and filling are optimized in order to guarantee the best quality of the welded zone. The influence that parameters related to the weld repair process and the materials used, have on the propensity of the cast steels to crack during welding, is investigated. These analyses are performed on the macrographs of the welded zone and also using image analysis technique. For the very deep groove, two weld repair techniques are developed, the surface remelting of the material and the buttering. The mechanical performances of the repaired structures are evaluated using low cycle fatigue tests. The mechanical behaviour of the weld repair joints is also investigated using numerical simulation
Rivoirard, Sophie. "Poudres Nd-Fe-B anisotropes et coercitives pour aimants liés, préparées par forgeage à chaud et décrépitation à l'hydrogène." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10207.
Full textEl, Bakali Abdelmagid. "Contribution à l’étude des échanges thermiques aux interfaces pour les procédés de formage à chaud : développement de moyens de mesure de l’émissivité et de la résistance thermique de contact (RTC) à haute température A fast and versatile method for spectral emissivity measurement at high temperatures." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EMAC0004.
Full textThe present work deals with the high temperature heat transfers involved in sheet/die contact within hot forming processes. The investigated heat ranges lie between 600°C and 1000°C while the study materials are namely TA6V and Inconel 625 (for the sheet) and AISI 310 stainless steel and refractory concrete (for the die). Under such industrial configuration, the heat transfers can be split in two steps: i) a gap closing phase during which the radiative property of the contact pair prevail and ii) a solid contact phase during which the conductive properties are involved and more precisely the thermal contact resistance (TCR). This twostep approach allows a separate investigation of both phenomena which are herein studied by the mean of two dedicated experimental means: a) The gap closing phase is studied through an emissivity measurement setup dedicated to high temperature. The chosen setup is inspired from elliptical oven setups. Its features include a heating rate over 11°C/s and a maximal in-service temperature of 1250°C. The related measurement instruments selection and design are also part of the presented work. The metrological aspects along with the uncertainty quantification are performed through the use of a reference material: pure platinum. This latter has proven worthy by its ability to sustain very high temperature while remaining free from oxidation. In addition, platinum’s optical properties are well documented throughout the scientific literature which provides solid comparisons with other published results. Finally, the construction of an emissivity database is presented for the two sheet materials of the study: TA6V and INCONEL 625. b) The solid contact phase is studied through a second tailor made experimental setup dedicated to TCR measurements. The proposed features include the ability to study metal contact pair (AISI 310 vs. TA6V/INCONEL 625) or ceramic vs. metal contact (Concrete vs. TA6V/INCONEL 625) for temperature as high as 800°C. The whole setup can be inserted within a classical tensile device in order to load the contact interfaces at stress levels similar to those involved in metal forming processes (here up to 4MPa). In practice, a circular sample cut from the studied sheet metals is clasped in between two cylindrical bars made of AISI 310 or concrete. The upper bar is then heated up by the mean of a resistive oven in order to generate a directional heat flux throughout the material interfaces. A suited measurement instrumentation then allows the assessment of the TRC for each contact pair for temperature ranging from 450°C to 800°C and pressure ranging from 0.1MPa to 4MPa. The results obtained from these two setups have built up a material database that was then use to simulate industrial hot forming operations. The process parameters retrieved from these simulation were used as input in an actual forming process and has led to the successful manufacturing of four parts all of which satisfying the quality requirements in term of geometry and microstructure
Mraizika, Florence. "Evolutions microstructurales en compression à chaud des alliages de titane betacez et 6246 et influence du forgeage sur la transformation [beta] -> [alpha]." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG4206.
Full textBouaziz, Olivier. "Modélisation thermomécanique du comportement d'une poudre d'acier inoxydable : application à la mise en forme par compression isostatique à chaud." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10175.
Full textHajndl, Ognjen. "Batterie tout solide pour application automobile : processus de mise en forme et étude des interfaces." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI026/document.
Full textNext generation batteries expectations for electric vehicle are significant, whether in terms of autonomy, environmental impact, charging speed and cost. The all solid-state batteries with a non-flammable solid electrolyte, rather than the conventional liquid one, could meet those criteria.Garnet-type ceramic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte given its good Li-ion conductivity, chemical and electrochemical stability. The major constraint is the need to densify the ceramic at high temperature in order to make it conductive. No standard method exists to build a dense all-solid cell with low interfacial resistance.In this context, the PhD work managed to optimize the solid-state synthesis protocol of the LLZO oxide and his densification by the hot-pressing technique. The conditions of symmetrical Li/LLZO/Li cell assembly allowed to study the Li-metal/LLZO interface and its impact on lithium plating/striping behavior. Feasibility of densifying a “half-cell” (composite cathode/LLZO) in one single step was also studied by adjusting the hot-pressing temperature and pressure parameters
Arnaud, Brigitte. "Evolution des microstructures de fatigue à chaud dans des solutions solides à base nickel : mise en évidence d'une cavitation intragranulaire." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066054.
Full textGao, Yuan. "Un essai robuste et fiable pour la recette de produits d’apport en soudage d’aciers inoxydables." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS461/document.
Full textThe austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L(N) (X2CrNiMo17-12-2) with controlled nitrogen content is widely used for manufacture of vessel and primary circuit structures of the 4th Generation sodium- cooled fast reactors. Multi-pass welds with an appropriate filler metal is used to assemble thick components. Solidification cracks may occur in the mushy zone near the melting weld poor during solidification when a liquid film is distributed along grains boundaries and interdendritic regions and the shrinkage strains across the boundaries cannot be accommodated. It is therefore necessary to prevent this defect using a hot cracking criterion. The approach used in this study is to initiate experimentally a hot crack by a weldability test, and then to simulate these tests to identify a critical strain using a hot crack criterion for the prediction of solidification cracking. Therefore, a hot cracking test (Controlled Restraint Weldability (CRW) test) is proposed in the present study to analyze the susceptibility to hot cracking for base metal 316L(N) and its filler metal 19-15H Thermanit grade. This test is designed to initiate a hot crack in thermal steady state, and then to stop the crack once the local thermomechanical conditions are met. The initiation and stop of the crack depend on external mechanical preload. The material constitutive equations chosen for the material is a visco-plastic model with isotropic and kinematic hardening. The Gleeble thermomechanical tests have been performed at high temperature in order to identify material parameters. The increase of the grain size in the thermally affected zone was modeled and integrated into constitutive equations. The temperature range of melting and solidification of 316L(N) were determine by using the Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The analysis of the solidification microstructures were also carried out in order to better understand the phenomenon of hot cracking. Some CRW tests were then simulated by finite element method using the Cast3M and Abaqus software in order to valid the hot cracking criterion and to determine a thermomechanical criterion of hot cracking for 316L(N)
Béal, Coline. "Mechanical behaviour of a new automotive high manganese TWIP steel in the presence of liquid zinc." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0029/document.
Full textHigh manganese TWIP (TWinning Induced Plasticity) steels are particularly attractive for automotive applications because of their exceptional properties of strength combined with an excellent ductility. However, as austenitic steels, they appear to be sensitive to liquid zinc embrittlement during welding, the liquid zinc arising from the melted coating due to the high temperatures reached during the welding process. In this framework, the cracking behaviour of a high manganese austenitic steel has been investigated in relation to the liquid metal embrittlement (LME) phenomenon by hot tensile tests carried out on electro-galvanized specimens using a Gleeble 3500 thermomechanical simulator. The influence of different parameters such as temperature and strain rate on cracking behaviour has been studied. Embrittlement appears within a limited range of temperature depending on experimental conditions. Conditions for which cracking occurs could be experienced during welding processes. The existence of a critical stress above which cracking appears has been evidenced and this critical stress can be used as a cracking criterion. Finally, the study of the influence of different parameters such as time of contact between steel and liquid zinc before stress application, coating and steel on LME occurrence provides understanding elements of LME mechanism and permits to suggest solutions for preventing cracking during spot welding of such steels
Perron, Jean. "Modélisation mathématique simplifiée d'un four de métal chaud." Thèse, 1987. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1713/1/1433477.pdf.
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