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1

Pakistan Institute of Development Economics., ed. A fresh assessment of the underground economy and tax evasion in Pakistan: Causes, consequences and linkages with the formal economy. Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 2007.

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2

Formal and informal social safety nets: Growth and development in the modern economy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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3

Urban informalities: Reflections on the formal and informal. Ashgate, 2011.

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4

Tripp, Aili Mari. Non-formal institutions, informal economies, and the politics of inclusion. United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research, 2001.

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5

Sunny, Grace. The second best: The role and constraints of the non-formal sector in Botswana. Research and Publication Committee, University of Botswana, Faculty of Education, 1994.

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6

Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Committee of Public Accounts. HMRC: Tackling the hidden economy : fifty-fifth report of session 2007-08 : report together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence. Stationery Office, 2008.

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7

D, West Mark, ed. Economic organizations and corporate governance in Japan: The impact of formal and informal rules. Oxford University Press, 2004.

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8

Nigro, Giampiero, ed. Il commercio al minuto. Domanda e offerta tra economia formale e informale. Secc. XIII-XVIII / Retail Trade. Supply and demand in the formal and informal economy from the 13th to the 18th century. Firenze University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-751-7.

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La distribuzione dei beni di consumo nell’Europa medievale e moderna era multiforme e coinvolgeva spazi e attori diversi. Nelle fiere e nei mercati, nelle botteghe più o meno grandi delle città si vendeva ogni tipo di derrate alimentari e di oggetti necessari alla vita quotidiana. Erano anche innumerevoli i piccoli ambulanti che tenevano banco per strada, i contadini che raggiungevano la città per offrire i prodotti dei loro orti o del pollaio, della caccia o della raccolta spontanea, passando di casa in casa. Mercanti ambulanti percorrevano con le loro balle e casse anche le vie meno frequentate, raggiungendo villaggi e frazioni disperse. Una grande molteplicità di attori economici che concorrevano assieme a raggiungere ogni tipo di consumatore, dai più agiati ai più umili. L’obiettivo del progetto di ricerca è stato quello di comprendere l’organizzazione economica e l’evoluzione di queste diverse forme di commercio al minuto. Sul piano dei risultati, i contributi raccolti in questo volume costituiscono la risposta storiograficamente più aggiornata ad alcune delle questioni proposte, come l’analisi dei legami tra le diverse scale spaziali (dalla bottega alle reti europee di mercanti ambulanti), del commercio formale e informale tra regola e pratica, della circolazione dei beni fra città e campagna, delle tensioni fra gli attori di questi scambi, le loro rivalità e i loro accordi, ma anche le attese dei consumatori e le esigenze dello stato, e degli effetti sull’organizzazione istituzionale e dei mestieri della distribuzione nel periodo compreso fra il Medioevo e il XVIII secolo.
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9

Kenneth, King. Training for the urban informal sector in developing countries: Policy issues for practititoners. Centre of African Studies, 1987.

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10

Dowall, David E. A tale of two cities: A comparison of Karachi's informal and formal housing delivery systems. Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California at Berkeley, 1991.

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11

Kenneth, King. Training for the urban informal sector in developing countries: Policy issues for practititoners [i.e.] practitioners. Centre of African Studies, Edinburgh University, 1987.

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12

Istituto internazionale di storia economica F. Datini. Settimana di studio. Il commercio al minuto: Domanda e offerta tra economia formale e informale, secc. XIII-XVIII = Retail trade : supply and demand in the formal and informal economy from the 13th to the 18th century : selezione di ricerche. Firenze University Press, 2015.

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13

(Vietnam), Labour and Social Affairs Publishing House. Equality, labour and social protection for women and men in the formal and informal economy in Vietnam: Issues for advocacy and policy development. Labour and Social Affairs Publishing House, 1998.

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14

Entwicklungspolitik, Deutsches Institut für, ed. Public financial management for PRSP implementation in Malawi: Formal and informal PFM institutions in a decentralising system. German Development Institute (DIE), 2007.

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15

The secret of success: The double helix of formal and informal structures in an R&D laboratory. Stanford Business Books, 2007.

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16

Palmer, Craig T. The northwest Newfoundland fishery crisis: Formal and informal management options in the wake of the northern cod moratorium. Institute of Social and Economic Research, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1992.

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17

Seminar on Structural Change and Adjustment in Zimbabwe (1994 Mandel Training Centre). Seminar on Structural Change and Adjustment in Zimbabwe: The challenge for employment in formal and informal settings : rapporteur report. [s.n., 1994.

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18

Informal lectures on formal semantics. State University of New York Press, 1989.

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19

Ramaswami, N. Diglossia: Formal and informal Tamil. Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1997.

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20

Ebner, Daniel. Formal and Informal Strategic Planning. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04502-9.

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21

American Bar Association. Committee on Professional Ethics. and American Bar Association. Standing Committee on Ethics and Professional Responsibility., eds. Formal and informal ethics opinions: Formal opinions 316-348, informal opinions 1285-1495. Standing Committee on Ethics and Professional Responsibility, American Bar Association, 1985.

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22

Boels, Dominique. The Informal Economy. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43123-9.

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23

Trentin, Guglielmo, and Stefania Bocconi. Wiki supporting formal and informal learning. Nova Science Publishers, 2012.

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24

Ashraf, Mohammad. Formal and Informal Social Safety Nets. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137388742.

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25

Gupta, Anil K. Women and formal and informal science. Indian Institute of Management, 2005.

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26

H, Zarit Steven, Pearlin Leonard I. 1924-, and Schaie K. Warner 1928-, eds. Caregiving systems: Informal and formal helpers. L. Erlbaum Associates, 1993.

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27

Viitanen, Tarja K. Informal and formal care in Europe. IZA, 2007.

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28

Sillince, John A. A. Some formal properties of informal logic. Sheffield University, School ofManagement, 1995.

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29

Lobato, Ramon. The informal media economy. Polity, 2015.

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30

American Bar Association. Standing Committee on Ethics and Professional Responsibility. Formal and informal ethics opinions 1999-2013. American Bar Association, 2013.

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31

Villegas-Palacio, Clara. Formal and informal regulations: Enforcement and compliance. University of Gothenburg, 2010.

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32

Allsop, Judy. Regulating medical work: Formal and informal controls. Open University Press, 1996.

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33

Aspray, William, George Royer, and Melissa G. Ocepek. Formal and Informal Approaches to Food Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04966-3.

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34

The informal economy in France. Avebury, 1991.

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35

Singh, D. P. (Dharam Pal), author, ed. Labour force in informal economy. Studera Press, 2015.

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36

Yadav, Smita. Precarious Labour and Informal Economy. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77971-3.

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37

(India), Chintan Environmental Research and Action Group. Informal--formal: Creating opportunities for the informal waste recycling sector in Asia. Chintan Environmental Research and Action Group, 2005.

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38

Chipeta, C. Links between the informal and formal/semi-formal financial sectors in Malawi. African Economic Research Consortium, 1992.

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39

Jones, Sandra. Policewomen and equality: Formal policy v informal practice? Macmillan, 1986.

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40

Basudeb, Guha-Khasnobis, Kanbur S. M. Ravi, and Ostrom Elinor, eds. Linking the formal and informal economy: Concepts and policies. Oxford University Press, 2006.

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41

Ashraf, M. Formal and Informal Social Safety Nets: Growth and Development in the Modern Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

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42

Associated Chambers of Commerce & Industry of India., ed. India-Pakistan trade: Rerouting informal to formal channels. Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, 2006.

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43

Waibel, Michael, and Colin McFarlane. Urban Informalities: Reflections on the Formal and Informal. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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44

(Editor), Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis, Ravi Kanbur (Editor), and Elinor Ostrom (Editor), eds. Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies (Wider Studies in Development Economics). Oxford University Press, USA, 2007.

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45

Harriss-White, Barbara. Innovation in the Informal Economy of Mofussil India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.003.0002.

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This chapter explores innovation in the informal economy of small-town ‘mofussil’ India. Two-thirds of the urban population lives outside metropolitan cities in towns noted for their infrastructural backwardness. Ninety per cent of livelihoods and two-thirds of the economy, disproportionately in small-town India, are unregistered or unregulated and termed ‘informal’. It is the informal economy that drives growth and livelihoods. After reviewing innovation theories, a case study of the innovation activity of a small-town is developed through evidence from the presidents of the town’s many business associations. They supply an account of five types of innovation: invention, adaptive and adoptive innovation, incremental and disruptive innovation; innovation in products, process, services, contracts and information; and innovation by labour as well as capital. The chapter concludes that although innovations flourish, the intertwined and hybrid formal and informal institutions do not behave coherently enough to constitute an informal innovation system.
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46

Tsai, Kellee S. Adaptive Informal Institutions. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.16.

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Historical institutionalism (HI) has traditionally focused on formal institutions designed and enforced by official entities in advanced industrial democracies. Yet the modalities of endogenous institutional change delineated by HI reveal that the causal mechanisms of institutional transformation are typically informal. This chapter proposes a more inclusive ontology of institutions that views institutions as a single two-dimensional Möbius strip with both formal and informal components—regardless of regime type or level of economic development. Focusing on “adaptive informal institutions” that arise in a multi-tiered institutional context can show how informal institutions compromise, subvert, and even facilitate reforms of formal institutions.
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47

(Editor), Basudeb Guha-Khasnobis, Ravi Kanbur (Editor), and Elinor Ostrom (Editor), eds. Linking the Formal and Informal Economy: Concepts and Policies (W I D E R Studies in Development Economics). Oxford University Press, USA, 2006.

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48

Bonnet, Francois, and Sudhir Venkatesh. Poverty and Informal Economies. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.29.

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This article examines how the informal economy matters in the context of poverty and social inequality. It first presents a brief history of the concept and related theoretical perspectives and controversies before discussing the informal economic activities among the urban poor. In particular, it considers the informal economy between informal activities and the informal sector and describes three types of informal economies, along with their corresponding problems: the informal economy in the third world, to which corresponds a problem of development; the “second economy” in the Soviet Union, which complicates the question of the relationship between formal and informal; and the informal economy in contemporary Western societies. The article also explores what types of regulation emerge from informality and concludes with an assessment of methodological challenges and research priorities for the coming period of social science research on the urban poor.
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49

Formal Peace and Informal War: Security and Development in Congo. Routledge, 2013.

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50

Automating Interaction: Formal And Informal Knowledge In The Digital Network Economy (The Hampton Press Communication Series). Hampton Press, 2004.

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