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Journal articles on the topic 'Formal chains'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Twine, Edgar E., Amos Omore, and Julius Githinji. "Uncertainty in milk production by smallholders in Tanzania and its implications for investment." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0028.

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The study evaluates the impact of risk on enterprises of male, female and young farmers operating in the formal and informal smallholder dairy value chains in Tanzania. It also examines the effect of uncertainty on the decision to invest in milk production in the two value chains. Results indicate that youths in the informal dairy value chain face the greatest level of risk followed by men in the formal value chain, and then men in the informal value chain. Women in both value chains and youths in the formal value chain face relatively low risk. Overall, milk production in the informal value c

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Abate, Alessandro, Roman Andriushchenko, Milan Češka, and Marta Kwiatkowska. "Adaptive formal approximations of Markov chains." Performance Evaluation 148 (July 2021): 102207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peva.2021.102207.

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Гуменюк, А. С., and A. S. Gumenuk. "Formal Analysis of Structures of Nucleotide Chains." Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 373–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2013.8.373.

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Chen, Kai, S. Loepp, and John Provine. "Chains of Rings with Local Formal Fibers." Communications in Algebra 34, no. 11 (November 2006): 3891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927870600862722.

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Paul, Sarah K. "Deviant Formal Causation." Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 5, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26556/jesp.v5i3.55.

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What is the role of practical thought in determining the intentional action that is performed? Donald Davidson’s influential answer to this question is that thought plays an efficient-causal role: intentional actions are those events that have the correct causal pedigree in the agent's beliefs and desires. But the Causal Theory of Action has always been plagued with the problem of “deviant causal chains,” in which the right action is caused by the right mental state but in the wrong way. This paper addresses an alternative approach to understanding intentional action inspired by G.E.M. Anscomb

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Louw, A., and D. Jordaan. "Supply chain risks and smallholder fresh produce farmers in the Gauteng province of South Africa." Southern African Business Review 20, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 286–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/1998-8125/6051.

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A survey of 52 smallholder fresh produce farmers was conducted in the Gauteng province of South Africa to grasp how risk and its management affect the mainstreaming of smallholder farmers into formal, high-value markets. The study employed a supply chain analysis approach, which focused on the functions and risks that occur along the fresh produce chain. The results highlight the risks that impede the participation of smallholder farmers in formal, high-value chains. At the production level, risk is prominent from input procurement through to the post-harvest stage of the chains. At the retail

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Florenz, Mark, Davina Kunvipusilkul, and Junghee Yang. "CONSTRUCTING CHAINS OF EXCELLENT RINGS WITH LOCAL GENERIC FORMAL FIBERS." Communications in Algebra 30, no. 8 (August 28, 2002): 3569–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/agb-120005807.

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Schoenherr, Tobias, Ram Narasimhan, and Piyas (P) Bandyopadhyay. "The assurance of food safety in supply chains via relational networking." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 35, no. 12 (December 7, 2015): 1662–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-02-2014-0051.

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Purpose – Taking a social network perspective, the purpose of this paper is to develop a framework for the assurance of food safety via relational networking. Design/methodology/approach – The authors consider both informal and formal relational networking, and explore a firm’s learning orientation, risk aversion and consumer pressure as potential precursors to such relational networking. It is further hypothesized that relational networking generates both industry and supply chain knowledge, which is suggested to be beneficial for contamination detection. The model is tested with survey data

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PN, Sindhuja. "Impact of information security initiatives on supply chain performance." Information Management & Computer Security 22, no. 5 (November 10, 2014): 450–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imcs-05-2013-0035.

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Purpose – The purpose of this empirical research is to attempt to explore the effect of information security initiatives (ISI) on supply chain performance, considering various intra- and inter-organization information security aspects that are deemed to have an influence on supply chain operations and performance. Design/methodology/approach – Based on extant information security management and supply chain security management literature, a conceptual model was developed and validated. A questionnaire survey instrument was developed and administered among supply chain managers to collect data.

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Liu, Liya, Osman Hasan, and Sofiène Tahar. "Formal Reasoning About Finite-State Discrete-Time Markov Chains in HOL." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 28, no. 2 (March 2013): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-013-1324-6.

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Muysken, Pieter. "A Note on Passive-Like Statives in Quechua." Revue québécoise de linguistique 15, no. 2 (May 27, 2009): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602563ar.

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Abstract In this note I try to provide an analysis of passive-like stative constructions in Quechua which starts out from the idea that there are not just two types of chains in syntactic representations: A ( = argument) - chains and Ā ( = operator) - chains, but a third type as well: predication chains. The analysis is a substantial improvement over earlier ones and leads us to a preliminary account of the formal properties of predication chains.

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Simoni, Roberto, Celso Melchiades Doria, and Daniel Martins. "Symmetry and invariants of kinematic chains and parallel manipulators." Robotica 31, no. 1 (March 21, 2012): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574712000057.

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SUMMARYThis paper presents applications of group theory tools to simplify the analysis of kinematic chains associated with mechanisms and parallel manipulators. For the purpose of this analysis, a kinematic chain is described by its properties, i.e. degrees-of-control, connectivity and redundancy matrices. In number synthesis, kinematic chains are represented by graphs, and thus the symmetry of a kinematic chain is the same as the symmetry of its graph. We present a formal definition of symmetry in kinematic chains based on the automorphism group of its associated graph. The symmetry group of

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Maehr, Hubert, and Milan R. Uskokovic. "Formal Desymmetrization of the Diastereotopic Chains in Gemini Calcitriol Derivatives with Two Different Side Chains at C-20." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2004, no. 8 (April 2004): 1703–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200300718.

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Guillén Santos, F., V. Navarro, P. Pascual, and Agustí Roig. "Monoidal Functors, Acyclic Models and Chain Operads." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 60, no. 2 (April 1, 2008): 348–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-2008-017-7.

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AbstractWe prove that for a topological operad P the operad of oriented cubical singular chains, , and the operad of simplicial singular chains, S*(P), are weakly equivalent. As a consequence, is formal if and only if is formal, thus linking together some formality results which are spread out in the literature. The proof is based on an acyclic models theorem for monoidal functors. We give different variants of the acyclic models theorem and apply the contravariant case to study the cohomology theories for simplicial sets defined by R-simplicial differential graded algebras.

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Klamt, Angela. "The complex of formal operations on the Hochschild chains of commutative algebras." Journal of the London Mathematical Society 91, no. 1 (December 12, 2014): 266–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/jlms/jdu071.

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Rossi, Tommaso, and Margherita Pero. "A formal method for analysing and assessing operational risk in supply chains." International Journal of Operational Research 13, no. 1 (2012): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijor.2012.044029.

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Amentae, Tadesse Kenea, Girma Gebresenbet, and David Ljungberg. "Examining the interface between supply chain governance structure choice and supply chain performances of dairy chains in Ethiopia." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 8 (December 7, 2018): 1061–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2018.0001.

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Recently, the concept of supply chain management has been applied in the food chains with the idea of transforming agribusiness through networking and trustful partnership in the food chains. In this regard, it is important to consider the empirical knowledge of the interface among the variables of factors in the supply chain governance structure choices, the chain actors’ choice of governance models, and the effects of these on the supply chain performances. The aim of this study was to empirically verify the relationships between factors existing in the business scenarios, the chain actors’

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Jacques, Caroline, and Rodrigo Rafael Mueller. "Global productive chains and decent work management technologies." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss12.2807.

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The article presents a reflection on decent work management technologies in the global productive chains. Based on economic sociology and anthropology authors, it discusses the general characteristics of the global productive chains, especially the concept of decent work as a management technology for the labor´s international regulation. The empirical focus of this research was a clothing manufacturing productive chain in the south of Santa Catarina. Interviews were carried out with social and economic actors that are part of this sector, in particular, unions and entrepreneurs. As a conclusi

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Gross, Neil. "The Structure of Causal Chains." Sociological Theory 36, no. 4 (December 2018): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0735275118811377.

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Sociologists are increasingly attentive to the mechanisms responsible for cause-and-effect relationships in the social world. But an aspect of mechanistic causality has not been sufficiently considered. It is well recognized that most phenomena of interest to social science result from multiple mechanisms operating in sequence. However, causal chains—sequentially linked mechanisms and their enabling background conditions—vary not just substantively, by the kind of causal work they do, but also structurally, by their formal properties. In this article, the author examines the nature of causal c

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Witek, Henryk A. "Zhang–Zhang Polynomials of Multiple Zigzag Chains Revisited: A Connection with the John–Sachs Theorem." Molecules 26, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 2524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092524.

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Multiple zigzag chains Zm,n of length n and width m constitute an important class of regular graphene flakes of rectangular shape. The physical and chemical properties of these basic pericondensed benzenoids can be related to their various topological invariants, conveniently encoded as the coefficients of a combinatorial polynomial, usually referred to as the ZZ polynomial of multiple zigzag chains Zm,n. The current study reports a novel method for determination of these ZZ polynomials based on a hypothesized extension to John–Sachs theorem, used previously to enumerate Kekulé structures of v

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Godfrey, Sosheel S., Gavin C. Ramsay, Karl Behrendt, Peter C. Wynn, Thomas L. Nordblom, and Naveed Aslam. "Analysis of agribusiness value chains servicing small-holder dairy farming communities in Punjab, Pakistan: three case studies." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 22, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0122.

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The agriculture sector in Pakistan, as in most developing countries, is dominated by smallholder producers. Pakistan has the world’s third largest dairy industry, and milk is efficiently collected and distributed chiefly by informal value chains that market the raw product with minimal cool chain infrastructure. Formal processors have a small market share of 5%. Interview data from farmers, milk collectors and consumers from three rural-urban case study value chains were analysed to study opportunities and challenges faced by the dairy industry. Compositional analysis of milk samples (n=84) co

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Jacyna-Gołda, Ilona. "Decision-making model for supporting supply chain efficiency evaluation." Archives of Transport 33, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1160923.

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This paper presents some approach for the formulation of the decision-making model in supporting the assessment of supply chain efficiency. Were presented factors affecting the efficiency of the functioning of individual links of supply chain. Was pointed out the technical, economic, organizational and reliability aspects affecting the efficiency and reliability of functioning of the supply chain both in terms of supply and distribution. Having regard to a comprehensive approach to assessing efficiency of the functioning of supply chains were proposed indicators for assessing the quality of fu

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Jokonowo, Bambang, Jan Claes, Riyanarto Sarno, and Siti Rochimah. "Process Mining in Supply Chains: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 4626. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4626-4636.

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Performance analysis and continuous process improvement efforts are often supported by the construction of process models representing the interactions of the partners in the supply chain. This study was conducted to determine the state of the art in the process mining field, specifically in the context of cross-organizational process. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method is used to review a collection of twenty-one papers that are classified according to the Artifact framework of Hevner, et al. and within the Process Mining framework of Van der Aalst. In the reviewed papers, the auth

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Radhakrishnan, Abirami, Dessa David, Douglas Hales, and V. Sri Sridharan. "Mapping the Critical Links between Supply Chain Evaluation System and Supply Chain Integration Sustainability." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jsds.2011010103.

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Supply Chain Integration is widely advocated as an important factor to attain superior supply chain performance. While firms are able to achieve integration, they find it hard to sustain integration. In this paper, the authors argue that to sustain integration partner firms must establish a formal system to evaluate supply chain-wide performance. The authors draw on theories from a number of management disciplines to map the critical links between supply chain evaluation capability and supply chain integration sustainability. The authors develop and test the research model by conducting an emp

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Lu, Hualiang, Jacques Trienekens, Onno Omta, and Shuyi Feng. "The role of guanxi networks and contracts in Chinese vegetable supply chains." Journal on Chain and Network Science 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2007): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2007.x082.

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This paper investigates the effect of personal relationships (called guanxi in China) and contractual governance on compliance with channel requirements and on market performance for both vegetable farmers and processing and exporting firms in China. A survey of 167 farmers and 84 firms in Jiangsu Province, P.R. China provides the data for empirical study based on a structural model. The results demonstrate that guanxi networks in China significantly improve small-scale farmers' compliance with buyers' delivery requirements based on formal contracts, which eventually improves farmers' market p

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OVSHINSKY, S. R., S. J. HUDGENS, R. L. LINTVEDT, and D. B. RORABACHER. "A STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL MODEL FOR HIGH Tc CERAMIC SUPERCONDUCTORS." Modern Physics Letters B 01, no. 07n08 (November 1987): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984987000405.

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A structual chemical model for high Tc ceramic superconductors is proposed in which carriers pairs, coupled through a superexchange process, undergo Bose condensation. In the Y-Ba-Cu-O system, Cu atoms on “chain” sites and “sheet” sites are initially assigned formal oxidation states of +3 and +2, respectively, and “sheet”/“chain” interactions are then introduced to bring about the electrically conductive mixed oxidation state. This model explains the presence of labile oxygen in the “chain” structures, describes the structure of deoxygenated phases exhibiting ordered oxygen vacancies in the “c

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Caleman, Silvia Morales de Queiroz, Guilherme Fowler de Avila Monteiro, and George Hendrikse. "Sustainable food chains: the role of collective action and government incentives." Organizações & Sociedade 24, no. 83 (December 2017): 618–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-9240834.

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Abstract We examine the role of collective actions as supporting elements of a long-lasting sustainable food supply chain. This article’s main contribution is to link the idea of sustainable supply chains and the collective action problem (horizontal coordination) that may be required in order to deal with externalities related to the provision of sustainable products. In addition, we analyze how the presence or absence of government incentives shapes collective action in the food industry. We base our analysis in a simple formal argument inspired by case studies regarding sustainable farming

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Jonsson, Patrik, and Paulina Myrelid. "Supply chain information utilisation: conceptualisation and antecedents." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 1769–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-11-2014-0554.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to define supply chain information utilisation and explore how its antecedents impact shared information utilisation in information receiver’s planning processes. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on a literature review and exploratory case study of three supplier dyads of original equipment manufacturers. This study presents a four-phase model of supply chain information utilisation, and identifies how information sharing, information quality, and intended information usage are antecedents of actual usage of information shared in supply cha

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Lee, Junghee, Vish Krishnan, and Hyoduk Shin. "Business Models for Technology-Intensive Supply Chains." Management Science 66, no. 5 (May 2020): 2120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3306.

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Technology and intellectual property play increasingly critical roles in emerging supply chains by endowing products with sought-after capabilities. In such technology-intensive supply chains, the technology invented by an upstream firm must be embedded in a subsystem that is then integrated into a full system. The technology providers’ prevalent royalty-driven business model has gotten complicated in this multilateral supply chain, prompting formal research attention. Moreover, providers also consider forward integration into manufacturing to monetize their intellectual property. We character

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P N, Sindhuja, and Anand S. Kunnathur. "Information security in supply chains: a management control perspective." Information & Computer Security 23, no. 5 (November 9, 2015): 476–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-07-2014-0050.

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Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the need for management control system for information security management that encapsulates the technical, formal and informal systems. This motivated the conceptualization of supply chain information security from a management controls perspective. Extant literature on information security mostly focused on technical security and managerial nuances in implementing and enforcing technical security through formal policies and quality standards at an organizational level. However, most of the security mechanisms are difficult to differentiate between busines

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Seliverstov, Y. A., and S. S. Seliverstov. "The Formal Development of Patterns of Daily Travel Activity Chains of the Urban Population." St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal. Computer Science. Telecommunications and Control Systems. 224, no. 4 (October 2015): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5862/jcstcs.224.9.

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Birthal, Pratap S., Ramesh Chand, P. K. Joshi, Raka Saxena, Pallavi Rajkhowa, Md Tajuddin Khan, Mohd Arshad Khan, and Khyali R. Chaudhary. "Formal versus informal: Efficiency, inclusiveness and financing of dairy value chains in Indian Punjab." Journal of Rural Studies 54 (August 2017): 288–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2017.06.009.

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Moseley, Brian. "Transformation Chains, Associative Areas, and a Principle of Form for Anton Webern’s Twelve-tone Music." Music Theory Spectrum 41, no. 2 (2019): 218–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mts/mtz010.

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Abstract Much of Webern’s twelve-tone music relies on conventional formal types to structure extended composition and long-range compositional strategy. This article describes how these forms were absorbed into his personal twelve-tone style through an exploration of three entwined techniques. His techniques of serial row chaining and associative organization create a deep musical hierarchy that is frequently navigated by a formal principle of large-scale complementation. The analyses appearing here are drawn from across Webern’s twelve-tone period and are elucidated through spatial representa

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Kurosawa, Hideo, and Tetsuro Murahashi. "Novel coordination behavior of unsaturated hydrocarbon ligands on Pd-Pd bonds." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173020295.

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The dinuclear Pd (I) complexes containing substitutionally labile acetonitrile ligands [Pd2 (CH3CN) 2 (L) 2] (BF4) 2 [L = CH3CN (1) , PPh3 (2) ] were prepared. The complex 1 was demonstrated to serve as a versatile building block for synthesizing sandwich chain complexes made of conjugated polyenes and linear polypalladium chains. The complex 2 reacted with 2 equiv arylacetylenes to give dinuclear organopalladium complexes arising from formal [2s + 2p + 2p] addition with the Pd-Pd s bond participating as one component. The reaction of 2 with 1,3-butadiene afforded a complex regarded as an inte

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Nagy, Viktor, and Tímea Kozma. "Business Cooperations Along the Supply Chain." Economics and Culture 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jec-2018-0015.

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Abstract Cooperation between and within the companies can be an important success factor. Based on trust, companies at present have created formal and informal network structures in which cooperation between them plays a special role. In the present times, the economic importance of supply chains can be observed in almost every industry regardless size: multinational companies and even small and medium-sized enterprises are actively involved in global value-creating chains. More and more business leaders recognize that when consumers are about to decide on their purchases, not just performance

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Davis-Sramek, Beth, Ayman Omar, and Richard Germain. "Leveraging supply chain orientation for global supplier responsiveness." International Journal of Logistics Management 30, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-09-2017-0225.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to utilize middle-range theorizing to examine whether a US manufacturer can leverage supply chain orientation (SCO) to garner responsiveness from a global supplier. To capture the interplay of macro-level institutional environments, the authors examine the moderating effect of institutional distance on the SCO–supplier responsiveness relationship. Design/methodology/approach Primary survey data collected from US manufacturers are utilized to measure SCO and supplier responsiveness. Two secondary data sets (EIU and GLOBE) capture formal and informal distance

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Vityaz, Petr A., and Vyacheslav K. Shcherbin. "The institutional development of International Association of Academies of Sciences: from scientific councils to international scientific-technological consortia." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology, no. 2 (October 3, 2020): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2020-2-4-19.

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The article considers the history of creation of formal and informal institutional structures of International Association of the Academies of sciences (IAAS) the functioning of which is based on the technological chains of cognition that are characteristic of traditional disciplinary science. The differences between the technological chains of cognition and the global value chains that have developed in the global economy are shown. The prospects of combining the chains of these types within the framework of international scientific and technological consortia, which are more consistent with

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Jagtap, Milind, and Sachin Kamble. "Evaluating the modus operandi of construction supply chains using organization control theory." International Journal of Construction Supply Chain Management 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14424/ijcscm501015-16-33.

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Supply chains are omnipresent. However, the modus operandi of the construction supply chain is not clearly established in the literature. This might be attributable to the character of construction projects and the structure of the construction industry. Formal and informal control mechanisms are well established in retail and manufacturing supply chains whichis evident in improved product performance. However, there is a paucity of research on the construction supply chain especially atidentifying the interplay of control mechanisms and their relationship with project performance. In the case

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Etwire, Eunice, Anoma Ariyawardana, and Miranda Y. Mortlock. "Seed Delivery Systems and Farm Characteristics Influencing the Improved Seed Uptake by Smallholders in Northern Ghana." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n2p27.

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The utilisation of improved seeds is reliant on distribution system and farmers’ preferences in using the seed. Primary data were collected from key informant interviews in seed delivery chains and a farmer survey to analyse the northern Ghanaian seed delivery systems and factors influencing the adoption of improved seed by farmers. The seed system in Ghana is made up of three main components; a formal seed system, an informal farmers’ seed system and a quasi-formal seed system. The seed chain starts with breeder seed production by Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (except for imp

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Meijerink, Gerdien, Erwin Bulte, and Dawit Alemu. "Formal institutions and social capital in value chains: The case of the Ethiopian Commodity Exchange." Food Policy 49 (December 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.05.015.

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Mwesiumo, Deodat, and Nigel Halpern. "Interfirm conflicts in tourism value chains." Tourism Review 71, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2016-0020.

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Purpose This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework on interfirm conflicts in tourism value chains. The framework includes types of conflict, triggers of conflict and their preconditions, consequences of conflict and measures for preventing conflict. Design/methodology/approach The framework is developed from a review of literature that is focused largely on tourism value chains, interfirm conflicts and interorganizational relations. It draws on the ideas, concepts and empirical evidence offered in the literature. Findings Conflicts can be distinguished by their level of explicitness and

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de Rozario, Richard. "Matching a Trope Ontology to the Basic Formal Ontology." Philosophies 4, no. 3 (July 18, 2019): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies4030040.

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Applied ontology, at the foundational level, is as much philosophy as engineering and as such provides a different aspect of contemporary natural philosophy. A prominent foundational ontology in this field is the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). It is important for lesser known ontologies, like the trope ontology of interest here, to match to BFO because BFO acts like the glue between many disparate ontologies. Moreover, such matchings provide philosophical insight into ontologies. As such, the core research question here is how we can match a trope ontology to BFO (which is based on universals) a

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González-Campos, José Alejandro, Cristian Manuel Carvajal-Muquillaza, and Juan Elías Aspeé-Chacón. "Modeling of university dropout using Markov chains." Uniciencia 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.34-1.8.

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Access to higher education is only a first step in achieving equity in education; the following step is improving student retention, or lowering dropout rates, which is the same thing. The present study focused on the definition of an index as an estimator of the risk of individuals dropping out of a university using a Markov chain model, based on the randomness of the occurrence of dropping out. The suggested index was applied to a sample of 5,700 university students from the 2012-2015 annual cohorts of 8 university departments of a public regional university in Chile. The results indicate th

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López, Luis. "On the (Non)complementarity of θ-Theory and Checking Theory". Linguistic Inquiry 32, № 4 (жовтень 2001): 694–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438901753373050.

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Chomsky (1995) proposes that the θ system and the checking system form two complementary modules. As a consequence both subjects and objects must form nontrivial chains to check their formal features with a functional category (T and v, respectively). I argue that objects and exceptional-Case-marking subjects check their formal features with a lexical verb, whose domain is therefore both θ role assigning and feature checking. I showthat discarding the complementarity assumption in this manner results in a more “bare” theory of the computational system as well as several empirical advantages.

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Cardoso de Oliveira, Mara Cristina, Marcio Cardoso Machado, Charbel Jose Chiappetta Jabbour, and Ana Beatriz Lopes de Sousa Jabbour. "Paving the way for the circular economy and more sustainable supply chains." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 30, no. 5 (August 5, 2019): 1095–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-01-2019-0005.

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Purpose Circular economy is an emerging concept which requires insights from a variety of disciplines, especially from sustainable operations management. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to verify how formal and informal instruments of governance influence the induction of green practices in a green network located in Brazil, with implications for the circular economy. Design/methodology/approach Based on a review of the supply chain (SC), green supply chain management, and governance literature, proposals are made regarding the influence of governance instruments in inducing green prac

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Smith, Graham, and Urs D. Wermuth. "Crystal structures and hydrogen bonding in the proton-transfer salts of nicotine with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 11 (October 29, 2014): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814023253.

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The structures of the 1:1 anhydrous salts of nicotine (NIC) with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) and 5-sulfosalicylic acid (5-SSA), namely (1R,2S)-1-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrolidin-1-ium 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrophenolate, C10H15N2+·C7H3N2O7−, (I), and (1R,2S)-1-methyl-2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-pyrrolidin-1-ium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate, C10H15N2+·C7H5O6S−, (II), are reported. The asymmetric units of both (I) and (II) comprise two independent nicotinium cations (CandD) and either two DNSA or two 5-SSA anions (AandB), respectively. One of the DNSA anions shows a 25% rotational disorder i

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Carlson, Laura A., and Vera Bitsch. "Social sustainability in the ready-made-garment sector in Bangladesh: an institutional approach to supply chains." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 21, no. 2 (March 13, 2018): 269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2017.0114.

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Ready-made-garment (RMG) production for sale in the EU and USA is a key source of economic development for Bangladesh. The 2013 collapse of Rana Plaza revealed worker safety and other social issues in RMG factories in Bangladesh, showing that formal, top-down approaches to these problems, including corporate codes-of-conduct and reforms in Bangladeshi labor laws, have little effect. Supply chain sustainability is a key issue for business, government and civil society. Satisfactory theoretical approaches to promoting social sustainability in supply chains are lacking. A case study using qualita

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Wesumperuma, Ashini, Athula Ginige, and Upul Gunawardana. "Towards formation of dynamic value chains to enhance competitiveness of commercial lighting industry." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 16, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 427–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-03-2018-0023.

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Purpose This study aims to explore ways to enhance competitiveness of commercial lighting industry because of the growing digitally connected stakeholder community. Positive responses from stakeholders to recurring business interactions help build trust and formation of a community; value chains being one form of such trusted community. Because of the increasing trust, the effort to search right value chain partners diminishes, business interactions become less formal and transaction costs are reduced, thus increasing the competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach In this research, a cross-s

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Besser, Terry L., and Nancy J. Miller. "The Company They Keep: How Formal Associations Impact Business Social Performance." Business Ethics Quarterly 21, no. 3 (July 2011): 503–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq201121328.

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ABSTRACT:Business networks, which include joint ventures, supply chains, industry and trade associations, industrial districts, and community business associations, are considered the signature organizational form of the global economy. However, little is known about how they affect the social performance of their members. We utilize institutional theory to develop the position that business social performance has collectivist roots that deserve at least as much scholarly attention as owner/manager characteristics and business attributes. Hypotheses are tested using multilevel analysis on data

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Li, Xin, Jian Guo, Yongxin Zhao, and Xiaoran Zhu. "Formal Modeling and Verifying the TTCAN Protocol from a Probabilistic Perspective." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 10 (September 2019): 1950177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619501779.

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The time-triggered CAN (TTCAN) protocol has been widely used in the automotive industry to fulfil the safety and real-time requirements of the application. As an extension of the standard CAN protocol, the TTCAN protocol aims to guarantee a safe and deterministic communication by introducing time-triggered messages with respect to a global synchronized time, which are scheduled in independent transmission windows within the system matrix. However, the new features bring more difficulties in designing and verifying the reliable applications in the TTCAN network. In this paper, we first present

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