Academic literature on the topic 'Formal fragmentation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Formal fragmentation"
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GARCIA CANAL, CARLOS A., and RODOLFO SASSOT. "STRUCTURE, FRAGMENTATION AND FRACTURE FUNCTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 15, no. 23 (September 20, 2000): 3587–633. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x00001348.
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We address the partonic description of the proton, the photon and the "color singlet," as seen in inclusive and semi-inclusive DIS, in e+e- collisions, and in diffractive processes, respectively. Their formal treatment using structure, fragmentation, and fracture functions is outlined giving an insight into the perturbative QCD framework for these functions. Examples and comparisons with experimental data from LEP, HERA, and Tevatron are also covered.
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Arbaoui, Bouchra, Knut De Swert, and Wouter van der Brug. "Sensationalism in News Coverage: A Comparative Study in 14 Television Systems." Communication Research 47, no. 2 (August 9, 2016): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650216663364.
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Using a sample of 14 television systems and 29 television stations, we investigate the effect of two media systems dimensions on sensational news coverage: the television system dependency on commercial revenues and audience fragmentation. At the aggregate level, both audience fragmentation and the dependence on commercial revenue yield significant effects on three forms of sensationalism. In more fragmented/competitive markets, sensationalism (1) in topics—for commercial channels—and (2) in formal features—for both channel types—is higher. However, the analysis reveals that (3) not fragmentation but rather dependency on commercial revenues stimulates the use of vivid storytelling. While the use of sensational formal features does not (significantly) depend on channel type, both topics and storytelling are clearly more sensational on commercial channels. The results shed light on the behavior of public broadcasters in various media systems contexts, pointing out their increased role and importance as counterbalance in highly fragmented systems.
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Lange, Gordon L., and Christine Gottardo. "Free Radical Fragmentation of [2 + 2] Photoadduct Derivatives. Formal Synthesis of Pentalenene." Journal of Organic Chemistry 60, no. 7 (April 1995): 2183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00112a043.
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Smaligo, Andrew J., Manisha Swain, Jason C. Quintana, Mikayla F. Tan, Danielle A. Kim, and Ohyun Kwon. "Hydrodealkenylative C(sp3)–C(sp2) bond fragmentation." Science 364, no. 6441 (May 16, 2019): 681–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw4212.
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Chemical synthesis typically relies on reactions that generate complexity through elaboration of simple starting materials. Less common are deconstructive strategies toward complexity—particularly those involving carbon-carbon bond scission. Here, we introduce one such transformation: the hydrodealkenylative cleavage of C(sp3)–C(sp2) bonds, conducted below room temperature, using ozone, an iron salt, and a hydrogen atom donor. These reactions are performed in nonanhydrous solvents and open to the air; reach completion within 30 minutes; and deliver their products in high yields, even on decagram scales. We have used this broadly functionality tolerant transformation to produce desirable synthetic intermediates, many of which are optically active, from abundantly available terpenes and terpenoid-derived precursors. We have also applied it in the formal total syntheses of complex molecules.
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Hall, Rosalie, Joy Lizada, Maria Helen Dayo, Corazon Abansi, Myra David, and Agnes Rola. "To the last drop: the political economy of Philippine water policy." Water Policy 17, no. 5 (March 17, 2015): 946–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.150.
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This paper examines the conflicts arising from the layered legal treatment, fragmentation and multiplicity of institutions involved in Philippine water governance. Using a thematic analysis of national legislation, a survey of 299 water managers in 10 provinces, and five cases illustrating local contestations, the paper tracks the diversification of formal institutional stakeholders which have been found to lack coherence and inter-agency connectivity. Water managers are not grounded in policy shifts, have little understanding of formal water rights and settle local conflicts with little reliance on formal mechanisms. The select cases reveal that water rights provide weak currency in local contestations.
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Huang, David, Alexander W. Schuppe, Michael Z. Liang, and Timothy R. Newhouse. "Scalable procedure for the fragmentation of hydroperoxides mediated by copper and iron tetrafluoroborate salts." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 14, no. 26 (2016): 6197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ob00941g.
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LANGE, G. L., and C. GOTTARDO. "ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical Fragmentation of (2 + 2) Photoadduct Derivatives. Formal Synthesis of Pentalenene." ChemInform 26, no. 34 (August 17, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199534053.
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Lisboa, Marilda P., David M. Jones, and Gregory B. Dudley. "Formal Synthesis of Palmerolide A, Featuring Alkynogenic Fragmentation and syn-Selective Vinylogous Aldol Chemistry." Organic Letters 15, no. 4 (February 2013): 886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol400014e.
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Driscoll, Jesse. "Commitment Problems or Bidding Wars? Rebel Fragmentation as Peace Building." Journal of Conflict Resolution 56, no. 1 (February 2012): 118–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002711429696.
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After highly fragmented civil wars, order is often secured through the selective co-optation of rebel field commanders and atomized insurgents. This paper presents a formal model of civil war settlement as a coalition formation game between various regime and rebel factions. This approach emphasizes the ability of installed civilian rulers to lure warlords into the state based on promises of future wealth, then use divide-and-rule tactics to pit different warlord factions against one another. Quantitative and qualitative data from Tajikistan, including an original data set of warlord incorporation and regime purges during wartime reconstruction, are used to evaluate the model.
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Zhou, Suzanne You. "Managing Fragmentation between International Trade and Investment Law and Global Priorities for Noncommunicable Disease Prevention in Food and Alcohol." QUT Law Review 18, no. 1 (November 22, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v18i1.722.
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This article examines three ways in which instruments developed by international health organizations might be used to manage fragmentation between health and international trade and investment law in the context of regulating food and alcohol as noncommunicable disease risk factors. These are: by modifying or overriding trade and investment obligations, affecting interpretation and fact finding, and establishing cooperative inter-institutional processes. The article assesses the advantages and disadvantages of each of these approaches for managing fragmentation under the rules of treaty interpretation and dispute settlement. It argues that while much of the discussion of fragmentation between trade and health focuses on treaty interactions, many of the actual uses of health instruments are not necessarily dependent on their formal legal status. It then proposes several features of international instruments that might strengthen or support these uses, whether through binding or through non-binding instruments.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Formal fragmentation"
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Ngefor, Gillian Sanguv. "Institutional changes, water accessibility strategies and governance in the Cameroon western highlands : the case of Bali, Kumbo and Bafou small cities." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20006/document.
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L’objectif de cette étude consistait à explorer la contradiction naissante entre d’une part, la politique de l’eau menée au Cameroun depuis l’indépendance et d’autre part, les réalités urbaines de contrôle et d’usage informels de l’eau. Les concepts de « gouvernance » et de « communauté » ont été utilisés pour analyser comment les populations affirmaient, de façon individuelle ou collective, leurs droits sur l’eau et comment de telles revendications étaient légitimées. Les concepts de « négociabilité » et de « flexibilité » ont permis de comprendre comment les droits d’utilisation et d’accès à l’eau étaient négociés et contestés en fonction de conditions changeantes. Le concept de « société civile » a été employé pour refléter le caractère multi scalaire du pouvoir et sa normalisation dans des réseaux de la vie quotidienne, régulant ainsi les pratiques et les relations sociales. Les résultats montrent l’existence d’un grand nombre d’arrangements institutionnels de niveau local qui régissent l’accès à l’eau potable dans les communautés. Les leaders traditionnels, les représentants élus et les comités de gestion des points d’eau potable tendent à se compléter dans le développement et l’application des arrangements institutionnels. L’étude conclut que l’informalité des institutions et des droits de propriété dans la gouvernance de l’eau des petites villes semblent entretenir des situations socio-économiques complexes. Il s’agit là d’un point commun entre les trois sites étudiés. En définitive, la multiplication des acteurs de l’eau a débouché sur une sorte de chevauchement des compétences de contrôle et de gestion tant dans l’espace que dans le tempsThe objective of this study was to explore the emerging contradiction between on the one hand, the water policy conducted in Cameroon since independence and secondly, the urban realities of “informal” water control and use on the other. The concepts of "governance" and "community" were used to analyze how people individually or collectively claimed, their water rights and how such claims were legitimized while the negotiability/flexibility and hybrid concepts were used to analyze how resource rights and access are negotiated (informal and formal) and contested in view of changing conditions. The concept of "civil society" was used to reflect the multiscale nature of power and its standardization in networks of daily life, thereby regulating the practices and social relations. Results show that there are a number of local level institutional arrangements that govern access to potable water in communities which may vary depending on the source, ownership (privately owned or communally owned) interest and the purpose for which the water will be used. Traditional leaders, “elected” leaders and the relevant water point committees tend to complement each other in developing institutional arrangements and enforcing these. The study concludes that the informality of institutions and property rights in small town water governance harbor complex socio-economic situations, which is a common feature in the three study sites (Bali, Bafou and Kumbo), where rights overlap in both time and space with a variety of different degrees of intensity being applied in the management of different water schemes. Such processes are not predictable, because of the specific characteristics of each community, and one has to deal with setbacks and conflicts
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Porto, Ana Paula Teixeira. "Das estórias à história : um olhar crítico-social em narrativas de Sérgio Sant'Anna." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29437.
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A análise proposta neste estudo focaliza as relações entre seis narrativas literárias contemporâneas de Sérgio Sant’Anna e seus respectivos contextos de produção, com o objetivo de ampliar as reflexões sobre os textos ficcionais do escritor e discorrer acerca das opções estéticas usadas em cada obra para recompor um diálogo entre a História e a sociedade. A hipótese da pesquisa é que, na representação simbólica, as estratégias estéticas usadas pelo escritor são desconstrutoras, isto é, pautam-se em uma linguagem com arranjos particulares para agenciar a formalização de questões temáticas vinculadas aos períodos de repressão histórico-social. A partir de uma abordagem bibliográfica e de análises comparativas pautadas na sociologia da literatura, os livros Confissões de Ralfo (1975), Simulacros (1977), Um romance de geração (1981), Amazona (1986), A senhorita Simpson: histórias (1989) e Um crime delicado (1997) são selecionados como objeto de análise. As reflexões estão amparadas em conceitos de Theodor Adorno, Mikhail Bakhtin, Anatol Rosenfeld, Linda Hutcheon, entre outros, e em análises críticas da literatura brasileira contemporânea e da literatura de Sérgio Santa’Anna, incluindo abordagens desenvolvidas por Regina Dalcastagnè, Flora Sussekind e Luis Santos. Como questões fundamentais apontadas na investigação, cabe salientar a complexidade estrutural dos textos do autor, a representação crítica e fragmentária de condicionamentos sócio-históricos no texto tanto no enfoque temático quanto nas opções estéticas, a desestabilização do sujeito e o estilo dialógico da composição literária.This study is focused on the relations between six contemporary literary narratives by Sérgio Sant'Anna and their contexts of production, aiming to amplify the reflections on the writer’s fictional texts and arguing about the aesthetic choices used in each work to rebuild a dialogue between history and society. The research hypothesis is that, in the symbolic representation, the aesthetic strategies used by the writer are deconstructive, guided in a language with particular arrangements in order to apply for a formalization of thematic issues related to periods of historical- social repression. From a bibliographic approach and comparative analysis guided by the sociology of literature, the books Confissões de Ralfo (1975), Simulacros (1977), Um romance de geração (1981), Amazona (1986), A senhorita Simpson: histórias (1989) and Um crime delicado (1997) are selected as object of analysis. The reflections are supported by concepts of Theodor Adorno, Mikhail Bakhtin, Anatol Rosenfeld, Linda Hutcheon, among others, and critical analysis of Brazilian contemporary literature and Sérgio Santa'Anna´s literature, including approaches developed by Regina Dalcastagnè, Flora Sussekind and Luis Santos. As fundamental issues presented in the research, it is important to point out the structural complexity of the author’s texts, the critic and fragmented representation of socio-historical conditionings in the text, both in the thematic approach and in the aesthetic choices, the subject destabilization and the dialogic style of literary composition.
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Salatini, Erica Aparecida. "Fragmentação e ruptura: formas de duplicação em \'I giganti della montagna\' de Luigi Pirandello." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-08112007-145809/.
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O presente trabalho busca uma análise e interpretação da obra teatral I giganti della montagna de Luigi Pirandello, discutindo a questão da fragmentação e da ruptura do sujeito consigo mesmo, considerando-as formas de duplicação temática e estrutural no texto dramático. Além disso, tenta mostrar as relações estabelecidas entre a narrativa e o drama, por intermédio da concepção de mito, colocada pelo autor.This work aims at analyzing and interpreting Luigi Pirandello\'s play I giganti della montagna, discussing the problem of the subject\'s fragmentation and rupture, regarding these as forms of the play\'s thematic and structural duplication. In addition, the work attempts to illustrate the existing connections between narrative and drama, taking into account the author\'s conception of myth.
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Marçal, Marcia Romero. "Jorge Semprún: forma precária e literatura de testemunho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8145/tde-03112009-161008/.
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A tese dedica-se ao estudo de La escritura o la vida de Jorge Semprún. Examina como na obra o narrador, sobrevivente do campo de concentração de Buchenwald, desenvolve uma trajetória dialética para poder narrar sua experiência do campo: primeiro nega sua identidade de sobrevivente para, 47 anos depois, assumi-la na escrita como negatividade que põe em risco permanente sua vida como escritor testemunha da catástrofe. A história dessa superação provisória e permanente da negatividade do campo estrutura-se mediante a fragmentação textual e o diálogo. A contraposição da voz do narrador a vozes de outras personagens e a textos diversos indica que somente através da fragmentação discursiva ele pôde aproximarse do horror vivenciado no campo, pois ela se lhe apresenta como o único modo de exprimir a dialética entre a necessidade do diálogo do narrador com seu passado e a impossibilidade de com ele reconciliarse. A precariedade do sobrevivente objetiva-se na forma precária do romance, marca de singularidade desta obra de Semprún na literatura de testemunho.The thesis devotes itself to the study of La escritura o la vida by Jorge Semprún. It examines how the narrator, a survivor from Buchenwalds concentration camp, develops in the work a dialectic trajectory in order to be able to narrate his experience at the camp: firstly denying his identity as a survivor for, 47 years later, assuming it in the writing as a negativity that puts a permanent risk on his life as a witness writer of the catastrophe. The history of this temporary and permanent overcoming of the negativity of the camp structures itself through textual fragmentation and dialogue. The contraposition of the narrators voice to the voices of other characters and to different texts points that it was only through discursive fragmentation that he could come closer to the horror experienced at the camp, since it presents itself to him as the only way to express the dialectics between the narrators necessity of dialogue with his past and the impossibility of reconciling himself with it. The survivors precariousness objectifies itself in the precarious form of the novel, a mark of uniqueness of this work by Semprún in the literature of testimony.
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Grossi, Solange de Almeida. "Short cuts de Robert Altman: atalhos para as formas de ilusão contemporâneas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-23012008-112454/.
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O filme Short Cuts - Cenas da Vida (1993), do diretor norte-americano Robert Altman (1925-2006), foi baseado numa coletânea de contos do escritor Raymond Carver (1938- 1988). Nosso trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo dos modos pelos quais são figurados, no filme de Altman, os processos de virtualização da realidade e de fragmentação sóciohistórica (bem como suas possíveis causas) reinantes na sociedade contemporânea norteamericana e facilmente reconhecíveis em outras sociedades do mundo globalizado, inclusive na brasileira. Short Cuts se passa nos subúrbios da cidade de Los Angeles, metrópole socialmente fragmentada, caracterizada pela invasão da mídia em todos os domínios e assolada pela violência. Procuramos fazer um levantamento da fortuna crítica escrita sobre o filme e percebemos que os críticos se mostraram parcialmente equivocados em suas interpretações pela utilização de categorias inapropriadas para interpretá-lo, posto que ele está estruturado com base em preceitos épicos, ao invés de dramáticos, como a maioria da crítica pressupôs. Em seguida, tentamos analisar, a partir da tradição seguida por teóricos como Walter Benjamin, Fredric Jameson, Raymond Williams, Peter Szondi e Susan Willis, dentre outros, determinados aspectos do filme que demonstram não apenas a ideologia dominante e as crises cíclicas enfrentadas pelo sistema capitalista de produção, como também o desejo pela coletividade. Altman, valendo-se de técnicas como a rima visual e a filmagem através de superfícies, procura mostrar as conexões inevitáveis entre personagens que acreditam estar isoladas umas das outras, demonstrando, assim, o caráter ideológico da virtualização e da fragmentação.Directed by Robert Altman (1925-2006), the film Short Cuts (1993) was based on a compilation of short stories written by Raymond Carver (1938-1988). Our work\'s objective is to study the means through which the processes of reality\'s virtualization and sociohistorical fragmentation, largely diffused in contemporary societies, are figured in Altman\'s film. Short Cuts is set on the suburbs of Los Angeles, a socially fragmented metropolis, characterized by the media invasion in all domains and fraught with violence. We have attempted to gather some thoughts that the critics have expressed toward the film, and we have noticed that their interpretations have proven to be partially mistaken, due to the use of improper categories to interpret it, considering that Altman\'s film is structured upon epic categories rather than dramatic ones, unlike most critics presupposed. We have also tried to analyze, based on the tradition followed by theoreticians such as Walter Benjamin, Fredric Jameson, Raymond Williams, Peter Szondi and Susan Willis, to name a few, certain aspects of the film that not only demonstrate the dominating ideology and the cyclic crises faced by the capitalist mode of production, but also the desire for collectivity. Through techniques such as the visual rhyme and the filming through surfaces, Altman attempts to show the inevitable connections between characters who believe to be isolated from each other, thus demonstrating the ideological essence of both virtualization and fragmentation.
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Mohamed, Adel A. S. "Towards more sustainable urban forms in the city of Benghazi : a study of urban fragmentation at the neighbourhood level." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2013. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z0yz/towards-more-sustainable-urban-forms-in-the-city-of-benghazi-a-study-of-urban-fragmentation-at-the-neighbourhood-level.
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Urban sprawl is a challenge to the sustainability of many cities around the world. Fragmented urban development and vacant land are widespread problems in many Arab cities (UN-Habitat, 2012) which are, according to Ben-Hamouch, mainly a result of inappropriate modern planning and poor land management (2013). This study addresses the problem of urban fragmentation at the neighbourhood level and examines to what extent the concept of compact urban form can contribute to the improvement of social and environmental sustainability in the Libyan city of Benghazi and Arab cities in general. The objectives and scope of the study have justified a morphological approach, where eleven case studies that present different urban typologies in the city have been investigated. The research strategy and selection of case studies were driven by the availability of data and meant to cover the main urban types and important issues defined within this context. This research, which has been conducted to explore and explain the relationships that exist between local urban forms and their performance in terms of sustainability, has produced valuable knowledge and helped to identify measures which target the improvement of people’s quality of life and environmental sustainability of the city. The research draws on the argument that adopting a type of human scale urban form, which is relatively compact and dense, well-connected and comfortably diverse, coupled with concepts of urban greening and flexible development relevant to the local context, would help to create a high quality urban form that is liveable and accessible, while causing minimum damage to the natural environment. This work is an attempt to respond and add to the ongoing debate on sustainable urban form in the developing countries (see: (Jenks, 2000)). The findings have contributed to the understanding of urban fragmentation and highlighted the relevance of the theory of compact city to sustainable development in Benghazi and the South in general. It is anticipated that this work would raise awareness on the impact of urban fragmentation on the sustainability of the built environment within this context and help to advance research on planning theory and practice based on real-life experience and responses to local circumstances.
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Silva, Gabriela Bueno Bittencourt. "Comunidades de Anf?bios Anuros Insulares do Litoral Sudeste do Brasil: Composi??o Taxon?mica e Rela??es com a Hist?ria de Forma??o das Ilhas." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1150.
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BITTENCOURT-SILVA, Gabriela Bueno. Insular Anuran (Amphibia) Communities of the Southeast Coast of Brazil: Taxonomic Composition and Relationship to the History of the Islands. 2011. 72p. Dissertation (Master of Science in Animal Biology). Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. A data set containing a list of the known species of frogs that occur near shore and on eight islands of the south coast of the State of Rio de Janeiro and north of the State of S?o Paulo was produced. For that, I compiled data from the literature and conducted inventories of a few of the islands. This list included 67 anuran species belonging to 11 families for eight islands and 117 species and 14 families for two localities on the mainland. The pattern of richness between islands was analyzed in respect to the island area and the composition of habitats used by the anurans for reproduction. Insular structural complexity was also evaluated in this regard. The results of correlation analyses of area vs. species richness and species richness vs. number of reproductive habitats were highly significant indicating that species richness prediction in fragmented environments depends on both factors. Nestedness analyses using the metric NODF was performed in an attempt to investigate whether shared species absences among the islands are the result of a random process or represents a pattern indicative of ordered loss of species. The predicted pattern was confirmed ? that is, that species loss is nonrandom and that this was possibly caused by habitat loss. The role played by climatic events at the beginning of the Holocene and of the availability of reproductive habitats in the islands upon species loss is discussed. Furthermore, it is discussed how these results can help to guide conservation strategies of anuran species.
BITTENCOURT-SILVA, Gabriela Bueno. Comunidades de Anf?bios Anuros Insulares do Litoral Sudeste do Brasil: Composi??o Taxon?mica e Rela??es com a Hist?ria de Forma??o das Ilhas. 2011. 72p. Disserta??o (Mestrado em Biologia Animal). Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop?dica, RJ, 2011. Atrav?s de invent?rios e compila??o de dados da literatura levantou-se a composi??o de esp?cies de anf?bios anuros de oito ilhas, sendo seis da Costa Verde do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e duas do litoral norte do Estado de S?o Paulo. Al?m das ilhas, foram tamb?m compilados da literatura os invent?rios de duas comunidades representativas do litoral dos dois Estados. Adicionalmente, foram registradas 67 esp?cies, pertencentes a 11 fam?lias de anuros nas ilhas e 117 esp?cies e 14 fam?lias para o continente. O padr?o de distribui??o de riqueza das ilhas foi avaliado em rela??o ? ?rea das ilhas, ? composi??o de ambientes usados pelos anuros para reprodu??o e ? complexidade estrutural das ilhas. As an?lises de correla??o da riqueza de esp?cies vs. ?rea e riqueza de esp?cies vs. n?mero de ambientes reprodutivos apresentam resultados significativos, que s?o indicativos que a riqueza de esp?cies em ambientes fragmentados depende da intera??o de ambos os fatores. A fim de avaliar se as aus?ncias compartilhadas de esp?cies entre as ilhas ocorrem ao acaso ou encontram-se estruturadas, realizou-se uma an?lise de aninhamento com o aux?lio da m?trica NODF. O padr?o previsto foi confirmado e a perda de diversidade ? discutida em rela??o ? eventos clim?ticos do in?cio do Holoceno e ? disponibilidade de ambientes reprodutivos nas ilhas. Discute-se ainda como os resultados desse estudo podem servir para orientar programas de conserva??o de esp?cies de anf?bios anuros
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Odendaal, Marie-Jane. "Ondersoek na die daarstelling van beleid vir die organisering van sport- en rekreasiedienste van die suidelike Pretoria metropolitaanse substruktuur." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15693.
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Text in AfrikaansDie Suidelike Pretoria Metropolitaanse Substruktuur word onder toenemende druk geplaas om meer en beter dienste, wat onder andere sport- en rekreasiedienste behels, aan die gemeenskap te voorsien. Dit kan daaraan toegeskryf word dat veranderinge in die omgewing plaasvind wat vereis dat die Substruktuur in die gees van die heropbou en ontwikkeling van die gemeenskap, daarby moet aanpas. Een manier om die druk op die Suidelike Pretoria Metropolitaanse Substruktuur te verlig is om sport- en rekreasiedienste aan die hand van eenvormige beleid te organiseer. Hieruit spruit 'n doelwit voort, te wete om beleid vir die organisering van sport- en rekreasiedienste van die Suidelike Pretoria Metropolitaanse Substruktuur te ondersoek. Die ondersoek omsluit die milieu waarbinne beleid ontwikkel het, byvoorbeeld die eksterne omgewing en die bestaande organisatoriese reelings wat vir sport- en rekreasiedienste in die Substruktuur geld. In die studie is bevind dat beleid vir die organisering van sport- en rekreasiedienste van die Suidelike Pretoria Metropolitaanse Substruktuur gebrekkig en gefragmenteerd is. Daar is ook bevind dat die organisering van sport- en rekreasiedienste, weens 'n gebrek aan beleid, tot organisatoriese leemtes, soos die duplisering van dienste en gebrekkige kommunikasie, aanleiding gee. 'n Verdere doelwit met die studie is om 'n universele beleidsmodel vir die Suidelike Pretoria Metropolitaanse Substruktuur saam te stel waardeur leemtes in die organisering van sport- en rekreasiedienste uitgeskakel kan word en eenvormige beleidsreelings getref kan word. Daar is bevind dat die universele beleidsmodel wetenskaplik gefundeerde riglyne vir die daarstelling van beleid bied. Sodanige bevinding het tot die gevolgtrekking gelei dat die beleidsmodel 'n ideale raamwerk skep waarvolgens plaaslike owerhede, soos die Suidelike Pretoria Metropolitaanse Substruktuur, probleme kan identifiseer, doelwitte kan stel, organisatoriese reelings kan tref en beleid kan formuleer, implementeer en evalueer. Dit skep in der waarheid 'n raamwerk waarvolgens beleidbepalers te werk kan gaan om beleid te bepaal. Die beleidsmodel het 'n universele toepassingswaarde omdat dit riglyne bevat wat deur enige ander plaaslike owerheid in die proses van beleidbepaling aangewend kan word.
Increased pressure is placed on the Southern Pretoria Metropolitan Substructure to provide more and improved services, such as sport and recreation services, to the community. This can be ascribed to changes taking place within the external environment and which, in the spirit of reconstruction and development, requires the Substructure to adapt to such changes. One way to relieve the pressure on the Southern Pretoria Metropolitan Substructure is to organize sport and recreation services according to a uniform policy. This resulted in an objective, namely to investigate policy for the organization of sport and recreation services of the Southern Pretoria Metropolitan Substructure. The investigation entails the environment within which policy develops, for example the external environment and the present organizational arrangements applicable to sport and recreation services in the Substructure. During the study it was determined that policy for the organization of sport and recreation services of the Southern Pretoria Metropolitan Substructure was limited and fragmented. It was also determined that, due to the lack of policy, the organization of sport and recreation services resulted in organizational shortcomings such as the duplication of services and insufficient communication. A further objective with the study is to construct a universal policy-model for the Southern Pretoria Metropolitan Substructure through which shortcomings in the organization of sport and recreation services can be limited and uniform policy arrangements can be determined. It was determined that the universal policymodel offered scientifically based guidelines for the determination of policy. The aforementioned determination lead to the conclusion that the policy-model created an ideal framework within which local governments, such as the Southern Pretoria Metropolitan Substructure, could identify problems, determine objectives and organizational arrangements, formulate, implement and evaluate policy. In fact it creates a framework within which policymakers can work to determine policy. The policy-model is of universal value because it offers guidelines which can be applied by any other local authority during the policy-making process.
Public Administration and Management
D. Admin. (Publieke Administrasie)
Books on the topic "Formal fragmentation"
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Yust, Jason. Formal Structure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.003.0004.
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William Caplin’s concept of formal functions points the way to a more flexible theory of form based on processes and structuring principles rather than fixed schemata. This chapter further generalizes the theory of formal functions to a set of form-structural criteria based on repetition, fragmentation, caesura, and contrast. The chapter also constructs such a theory of form without necessary reference to tonal criteria, thus serving the larger project of understanding form as an independent musical dimension, capable of disjunction with, or non-trivial coordination with, tonal structure. A definition of secondary theme as a specialization of subordinate theme function is also proposed.
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Bailey, Doug. Southeast European Neolithic Figurines. Edited by Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.040.
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This chapter discusses the diverse approaches to fired clay figurines from the Neolithic of southeastern Europe (6500–3500 bp) and suggests that although significant progress has been made in recent work, there remain significant limitations to our understanding of how these objects were used and what they meant to people in the Neolithic. Critical discussion focuses on the most significant (even if misguided) approaches: archaeomythology, cult, and religion; fragmentation and breakage; corporeality and materiality; communication; identity, status, and social structure; and formal description and comparison. The chapter concludes with a radical proposal: an art/archaeology approach that disarticulates the figurines from their original prehistoric contexts, uses, and meanings, and exploits them to make new evocative work.
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Beeston, Alix. Bodies Bad and Gentle. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190690168.003.0002.
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Recovering the photographic contexts for Gertrude Stein’s Three Lives at its first publication in North America in 1909, this chapter interprets the text’s formal fragmentation and repetition in terms of the deconstructive syntax of spacing and doubling in Surrealist photography. Just as the Surrealists used the photographic frame to convulse the real, the narrative frame in Stein’s composite text serves to constitute its realist narration as narration and, more specifically, as a typological system of discourse. To be narrated typologically, for the three women in Three Lives, is to be silenced and killed; but Stein also recasts silence and deathly disappearance as a means of resistance, an intransigent acting out of type that is metaphorically reticulated in the blank interstices that separate and bridge her serialized lives.
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Kelly, Jim. Ireland and Union. Edited by David Duff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660896.013.9.
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Irish writers reacted to the Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland by creating a literature deeply invested in political disputation and sentimental appeal. The works of Irish Romanticism display formal and generic hybridity, as writers responded to the material and cultural changes brought about by Union. Far from solving the national question, the Union initiated a literature interested in fragmentation, decline, and melancholy. This chapter surveys attempts in fiction and poetry to align sentimental models of literature with political advocacy, and considers the effect that Union had on writers concerned with Ireland. The legacy of the 1798 Rebellion, the ongoing struggle for Catholic Emancipation, and economic stagnation all led to a literature that could, and often did, shift quickly from lachrymose nostalgia to Gothic trauma.
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Mundlak, Guy. Contradictions in Neoliberal Reforms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793021.003.0010.
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Neoliberalism is typically associated with the commoditization and flexibilization of the labor market and a project of deregulation. In constructing responsibility between the employees and employer, deviations from the “standard employment relationship” (SER) indicate the neoliberal thrust. However, this study reveals a growing body of state-led regulation of one such deviation—mediated employment through temp-work agencies and subcontractors. The body of regulations, a source of social action, derives from collective bargaining, extension decrees, judicial decisions, and formal regulation by statutes and executive action. The chapter critically examines two interpretations of these legal developments: one that refutes the claim that neoliberalism dissolved the state’s responsibility, as evidenced by the ever-growing safety net; and another which claims that regulation is merely a token correction of dualism and fragmentation in the labor market.
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Kenny, Paul D. India’s Turn to Populism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807872.003.0006.
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This chapter shows how the fragmentation of political authority precipitated a crisis of legitimacy of the old order. Using a mix of qualitative and quantitative data, it first shows how Indira Gandhi attempted to restore central control through intervention in India’s states. Failing to reestablish control over India’s fragmented patronage network, she then made a populist turn, mobilizing the masses across India through the media and mass rallies in her conflict with her opponents. This chapter argues that this strategy was a consequence of the breakdown of the Congress system, rather than its cause. Mrs Gandhi’s attempt to recentralize power met with substantial resistance in the states. Her government eroded the rule of law and the undermined the formal institutions of intermediation between state and society. The authoritarian emergency that followed from 1975 to 1977 was not an aberration of this populist program, but its logical fulfillment.
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Shrestha, Manoj K., and Richard C. Feiock. Local Government Networks. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.22.
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Local governments frequently network with other local governments or other entities for efficient or effective delivery of local services. Networks enable local governments to discover ways to address externalities and diseconomies of scale produced by political fragmentation, functional interconnection, and uneven distribution of knowledge and resources. Local government networking can be informal or formal and bilateral or multilateral, in the form of deliberative forums or mutual aid agreements. This chapter uses the institutional collective action framework to underscore the link between problems of coordination and credibility of commitment that local governments face as they seek self-organizing solutions and the bridging and bonding networks they create in response to these problems. It then reviews the current state of scholarship in local government networks (LGNs) and shows that much progress has been made in both egocentric and whole LGN studies. Finally, it highlights important areas needing attention to advance LGN scholarship.
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Beyond the Soviet Union: The fragmentation of power. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 1997.
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Sharrad, Paul. South Pacific. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199679775.003.0011.
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This chapter focuses on the history of the South Pacific novel as a post-1950s phenomenon. Many Pacific writings from the early phase of literary production came in the form of ‘auto-ethnographic’ accounts of village life or the transcription of oral stories in which the separation of the writer is indicated often implicitly in the external viewpoint of the narrative and its use of formal English to depict a clearly non-Anglo world. To become a writer, one had to enter school, where he/she had to be acquainted not only with maths tables and alphabets but also new patterns of behaviour fitted to the subject position of ‘student’, disruptive of a traditional sense of communal identity. The chapter examines how literacy, with its ties to Western education, allowed Pacific Islanders to correct false representations of themselves in colonial adventure stories. It also shows that South Pacific fiction is imbued from the start with the vision of flux and fragmentation that is modernity, while contemporary shifts in Pacific identities due to the pan-Pacific diaspora and transnational networks have encouraged novelistic innovation in the increasingly pervasive print culture of a globalized Pacific.
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Henning, C. Randall. Tangled Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801801.001.0001.
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This book addresses the institutions that were deployed to fight the euro crisis, re-establish financial stability, and prevent contagion beyond Europe. It addresses why European leaders chose to include the International Monetary Fund and provides a detailed account of the decisions of the institutions that make up the “troika” (the European Commission, European Central Bank, and IMF). The study explains the institutions’ negotiating strategies, the outcomes of their interaction, and the effectiveness of their cooperation. It also explores the strategies of the member states, including Germany and the United States, with respect to the institutions and the advantages they sought in directing them to work together. The book locates the analysis within the framework of regime complexity, clusters of overlapping and intersecting regional and multilateral institutions. It tests conjectures spawned by that literature against the seven cases of financial rescues of euro-area countries that were stricken by crisis during 2010–15. The book concludes that regime complexity is the consequence of a strategy by key states to control “agency drift.” States mediate conflicts among institutions, through informal as well as formal mechanisms, and thereby limit fragmentation of the regime complex and underpin substantive efficacy. In so doing, the book answers several key puzzles, including why (a) Germany and other northern European countries supported IMF inclusion despite substantive positions opposed to their economic preferences, (b) crisis-fighting arrangements endured intense conflicts among the institutions, and (c) the United States and the IMF promoted further steps to “complete” the monetary union.
Book chapters on the topic "Formal fragmentation"
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Lim, Seung Jin, and Yiu-Kai Ng. "A formal approach for horizontal fragmentation in distributed deductive database design." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 234–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0034684.
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Hunyadi, L., H. Kiss, and I. Szekrenyes. "Incompleteness and Fragmentation: Possible Formal Cues to Cognitive Processes Behind Spoken Utterances." In Intelligent Decision Technology Support in Practice, 231–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21209-8_14.
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Behnke, Nathalie, and Sabine Kropp. "Administrative Federalism." In Public Administration in Germany, 35–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53697-8_3.
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AbstractThe German federal architecture is shaped by a peculiar mix of strong decentralisation and high autonomy at lower levels of government coupled with an administrative culture of uniformity, solidarity and coordination. This system has been described as ‘administrative federalism’ to emphasise the prominent role of executives and administrations in policymaking and policy implementation. The federal level relies on the Länder for executing its tasks; in turn, the Länder executives possess rights of co-decision in federal legislation via the Bundesrat. While formal jurisdictions are strongly decentralised, a dense web of interlocking powers and processes, as well as institutions of coordination, creates incentives for territorial governments to closely cooperate with each other. The German-style administrative federalism has been successful, but is requiring adaptation and developments caused by trends like the upward shift of tasks from the Länder to the federal level and increasing party-system fragmentation.
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Patz, Ronny, and Klaus H. Goetz. "UNESCO: Between Sectoral Fragmentation and Budget Crisis." In Managing Money and Discord in the UN, 164–79. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838333.003.0007.
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Chapter 7 examines the case of UNESCO and the effects of the sectoral and vertical fragmentation of the organization. The case is particularly pertinent since the US stopped its contributions after Palestine was admitted as a member in 2011, resulting in a major financial crisis for the organization. Despite the need for rigorous cutback management, budgeting procedures and budgeting administration have remained highly routinized. While this highlights the important procedural role of international bureaucrats and their ability to ensure the continued functioning of IOs, these solutions also show the limits to the substantive influence of international bureaucracies in budgeting. In essence, UNESCO remains an organization that is highly fragmented along policy lines, horizontally and vertically, and both among member states as well as inside its own bureaucracy. This results in budgetary segmentation and increased proceduralization well beyond the core budgeting stages regulated by formal rules.
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Dhodapkar, Prashant, Anup Gogoi, and Medhi Agadh. "Innovation System Linkages in Indian Hydrocarbon Sector." In Innovation in Business and Enterprise, 260–79. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-643-8.ch017.
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With the liberalization of Indian hydrocarbon sector, the various organizations that comprise this sector face the challenge of becoming globally competitive. This chapter elaborates the concept of innovation system, that is, the formal or informal linkages between the policy makers, industry, academic and research institutions, etc. and its relevance for organizational effectiveness. Using creative and visual thinking tools, authors explore the reasons for the fragmentation of innovation system of Oil India Limited (OIL), a national oil company operating mainly in the northeast India. This fragmentation is evident from several issues such as stagnating oil production, technological obsolescence, continued impact of natural calamities and conflicts in the region and prolonged dependence on central government funding. The authors suggest a high impact solution consisting of policy-making directed at promoting entrepreneurship, strengthening the innovation system through improved stakeholder communication and prioritizing the science and technology investments to address the regional problems.
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Watson, Kevin M. "Contesting Methodism." In Old or New School Methodism?, 183–228. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190844516.003.0005.
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This chapter connects Matthew Simpson and B.T. Roberts and shows why they should be seen as representative figures of the initial theological fragmentation in American Methodism. Simpson’s role as presiding bishop at the Genesee Annual Conference after Roberts was expelled, and the additional expulsions of “Nazarites” that happened at the 1859 Conference are discussed. The most in-depth focus is on the entry “Free Methodists” in The Cyclopaedia of Methodism, which Simpson edited. The Free Methodists disagreed strongly with the content of this one-page article. The result was the commissioning of B.T. Roberts, now a General Superintendent in the Free Methodist Church, to write a formal response. Roberts wrote a book-length rebuttal, Why Another Sect. The initial fragmentation of American Methodism is explored through the ways that Simpson and Roberts were connected from Roberts’s expulsion through the first decades of Free Methodism.
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Baics, Gergely. "Conclusion." In Feeding Gotham. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691168791.003.0007.
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This concluding chapter summarizes key themes. This book documents the profound consequences that the deregulation of food markets had on the built environment of the city, and the daily lives and living standards of its residents. Specifically, it outlines the complex interplay of political economy, urban geography, and the material conditions and social inequalities of New Yorkers. With the dissolution and formal repeal of traditionally tightly controlling market laws, the full power of free-market forces was unleashed to restructure the geography and daily routine of provisioning. The lack of government oversight across the entire provisioning chain allowed, even accelerated, the fragmentation and polarization of residents' food access. A wholly new geography emerged, whereby residential location determined one's options of food access, corresponding to each neighborhood's class and ethnic divisions of space.
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Baker, Jack R., Jeffrey Bilbro, and Wendell Berry. "Community." In Wendell Berry and Higher Education. University Press of Kentucky, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813169026.003.0009.
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Berry’s diagnosis of the fragmentation that characterizes most educational institutions is particularly nuanced in Jayber Crow. This novel also develops an alternative mode of communal catechesis, one that provides an education in and for love. After describing Jayber Crow’s indictment of formal education and the “way of love” Berry offers in its place, this chapter articulates two contrasting modes of intellectual appetite—the curious and the studious. Whereas the curious desire knowledge in order to gain power for themselves, the studious desire knowledge for the sake of the subject. One of the characteristics of a studious person, then, is an ability to make connections and foster complex health—habits that modern universities are particularly bad at fostering. This chapter concludes by considering two practices that might foster this loving orientation toward others: asking connective questions and developing focused attention.
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West, Karleen Jones. "The Implications of Individual Campaigns, Elections, and Clientelism for Ethnic-Party Behavior." In Candidate Matters, 200–212. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190068844.003.0007.
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This chapter discusses some of the implications of the findings of the previous chapters, not only for the Pachakutik party and the indigenous movement, but for all niche parties competing in developing democracies. While ethnic parties certainly provide opportunities for increased indigenous representation, their involvement in the political arena has produced some troubling results. In particular, the chapter focuses on the fragmentation of Pachakutik, the apparent decline in support among the indigenous population, and the reliance on patronage within campaigns as indications of ethnic-party struggles. The chapter also argues that the anticipated positive effects of ethnic parties may be tempered by the barriers they face to achieving their goals of substantive representation within the formal political arena. In the process, the analysis shows how these findings fill a gap in the literatures on ethnic politics, institutions, and party evolution.
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Jordan, Shirley. "The Time of Our Lives." In What Forms Can Do, 113–30. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620658.003.0008.
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This chapter explores some of the formal devices elaborated in recent contemporary women’s life writing to convey a sense of time and of being in the world. It focuses on the intimate and the everyday and on the units, flows, categories and organization of time in recent experimental works by Annie Ernaux, Camille Laurens and Chantal Akerman. The chapter is grounded in theory about female-authored self-narrative, returns to gendered ideas of a hierarchy of time and builds upon the problematizing of linear time in what Julia Kristeva famously referred to as ‘women’s time’ (1979). It analyses in particular the functions of repetition, variation and fragmentation as forces that drive and shape the works in question, asking how such repetition might be read as specifically gendered, and examining the impact this might have on the experience of reading. The chapter explores the temporal architecture of three selected works which, I argue, are ‘time rich’ and ‘time sensitive’ and which loop back into each author’s previous life writing experimentation. These are Ernaux’s total life-narrative Les Années (2008), Laurens’s autofictional essay Encore et jamais: variations (2013) and Akerman’s final experiment in life writing, Ma mère rit (2013).
Conference papers on the topic "Formal fragmentation"
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Hunyadi, Laszlo. "Incompleteness and fragmentation in spoken language syntax and its relation to prosody and gesturing: Cognitive processes vs. Possible formal cues." In 2013 IEEE 4th International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/coginfocom.2013.6719243.
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Xu, Guangtong, and Yi He. "Assessment of the remains in historic urban area based on spatial prototype." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/lyxe6926.
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Like most historic and cultural cities in China, the historic urban area of JingMen city is facing a typical spatial problem of fragmentation and fuzzification. This study is focused on exploring a method for evaluating the existing values of historic urban area based on spatial prototype. As a built-up relationship of historic city, spatial prototype has habitual structural characteristics and formal modulus. It is the inherent logic and order rules behind the scattered historic environment, providing a clue to understand the spatial characteristics and a basis for guiding the construction and conservation in historic urban areas. Three criteria, the resolution of historical elements, the integrity of historical structure and the renewal potential of associated plots, were selected to construct the assessment system. These three dimensions are linked to the spatial prototype and its constituent elements, as well as the transformation relationship in ancient and present day. The results showed that historic urban areas have changed from a holistic city to different existing types dominated by their historic structure elements. Finally, a constructive conservation strategy should be adopted to enhance the integrity of historic urban area based on the trace of spatial prototype and evaluation results.
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Trindade, Silvana, and Nelson Luis Saldanha Da Fonseca. "Resource Allocation in Space-Division Multiplexing-Based Elastic Optical Networks." In XXXVIII Simpósio Brasileiro de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbrc_estendido.2020.12409.
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This paper presents the work developed in the MSc. thesis entitled ”Resource Allocation in Space-Division Multiplexing-Based Elastic Optical Networks” which explores the resource allocation problem in Space-Division Multiplexing-based Elastic Optical Networks (SDM-EON). The proposed algorithms jointly address spectrum fragmentation, modulation format, crosstalk, and energy consumption. Results demonstrate that our algorithms increase the acceptance of requests for lightpath establishment while handling energy consumption, spectrum fragmentation, energy consumption, load balance, and crosstalk.
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Lin, King-Chuen, Po-Yu Tsai, Meng-Hsuan Chao, Toshio Kasai, Andrea Lombardi, Federico Palazzetti, and Vincenzo Aquilanti. "Photodissociation of methyl formate: Conical intersections, roaming and triple fragmentation." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2015 (ICCMSE 2015). AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938833.
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Zhang, Zhi-gang, and Ken-ichiro Sugiyama. "Fragmentation of a Single Molten Stainless Steel and Aluminum Droplet Penetrating a Sodium Pool." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29523.
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In order to clarify the fragmentation of molten core structural material (stainless steel) and molten metallic fuel and claddings on liquid phase formed by metallurgical reactions (liquefaction temperature = 650°C) during core disruptive accidents (CDAs), the present study focuses on the fragmentation of single molten stainless steel (316SS) and aluminum droplet penetrating a sodium pool. The temperatures of 3–5g molten aluminum droplets were 1002 to 1399°C, and the sodium pool was about 300°C. The instantaneous contact interface temperatures (Ti) between the molten aluminum droplets and liquid sodium were calculated to be from 741°C below the boiling point of sodium (Tc,bp) to 1019°C above Tc,bp. The temperatures of 5g molten 316SS droplets were 1510 to 1706°C, and the temperatures of sodium pool vary about 300–400°C. The Ti values between the molten 316SS droplets and liquid sodium were calculated to be from 916 to 1082°C. Fragmentation of the single molten aluminum droplet was clearly observed even at Ti ≪ Tc,bp. When Ti is approximately equal to or higher than the boiling point, the intensive fragmentation of droplet was clearly observed independent of Wea condition. Fragmentation of the single molten 316SS droplet was clearly observed even at Ti below its melting point. The Dm values of aluminum and 316SS droplets with relatively high Wea tend to be lower than those of droplets with relatively low Wea under the relatively low Ti condition. These results indicate the fragmentation of the molten core structural material and eutectic alloy fuels in liquid phase formed by the metallurgical reactions could possibly occur under the low Ti condition below and above the sodium boiling point, which is promising to assure the termination of accidents in CDAs and useful to the core design with enhanced safety in FBRs.
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Trindade, Silvana, and Nelson L. S. da Fonseca. "Proactive Fragmentation-Aware Routing, Modulation Format, Core, and Spectrum Allocation in EON-SDM." In ICC 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2019.8762005.
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Wiejaczka, Joshua, Thomas Giachetti, James M. Watkins, James E. Gardner, Kathy Trafton, and Éamonn Needham. "OBSIDIAN PYROCLASTS: PRE-ERUPTIVE VANGUARD MAGMA, OR JUVENILE CLASTS FORMED AFTER FRAGMENTATION?" In GSA Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana, USA - 2018. Geological Society of America, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2018am-322812.
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Jia, Zhanzhan, Ravish Rawal, Jon Isaacs, and Sia Nemat-Nasser. "Tailored Polyurea-Glass Interfaces and the Characterization by the Single-Fiber Fragmentation." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63736.
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Polyurea is an elastomer that has been intensively researched due to its excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Polyurea based composite material has recently become a research interest to further explore what this polymer has to offer. In order to better understand the overall static or dynamic mechanical properties of the polyurea based composites, how to tailor and characterize the polyurea-filler interface has become a crucial problem. This study focuses on one of the filler materials, glass. Three types of polyurea-glass interfaces are studied by using silane reagents that have similar molecular structures but with different end functional groups to modify the glass surfaces. Accordingly, bonds with different strengths are formed between the glass and the polyurea through the different chemical character of the reagent molecules. The polyurea-glass interfacial properties are tested by the single-fiber fragmentation, which is a widely used method to test the shear properties of the interface between the fiber and the polymer. Single-fiber fragmentation samples are fabricated by casting a single glass fiber along the axial direction of the dogbone-shaped polyurea tension test sample. Tension tests are conducted and the continuous photoelastic videos are taken to observe the single fiber fragmentation process until the fragmentation reaches its saturation state. Meanwhile, stress-strain data are recorded. By analyzing the single-fiber fragmentation data, the polyurea-glass interfacial shear strengths are calculated. The observation of the debonding zones at the interface is used to find the approximate models for the interfacial shear adhesion of polyurea-glass interfaces for different reagents, hence proving the potential for tailoring of the interfacial strength using surface treatment.
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Ursˇicˇ, Mitja, Matjazˇ Leskovar, Ivo Kljenak, and Borut Mavko. "Modelling of Material Properties Influence in Fuel-Coolant Interaction Codes." In 17th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone17-75039.
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The melt droplets crust formation modelling, which is used in current FCI (fuel coolant interaction) codes, is rather basic. In the paper the development of the melt droplet heat transfer model, which enables the treatment of the material properties influence on the steam explosion is presented. The model is enough complex to correctly predict the crust development during the melt droplets cooling in the premixing phase. At the same time the model is enough simple that it can be practically implemented into FCI codes and is thus being an optimal model for FCI applications. Fragmentation criteria are derived in order to take into account the influence of the formed crust on the steam explosion process. The derived criteria are based on experimental results and the thin plate approximation. To enable the use of the model and the fragmentation criteria in FCI codes with Eulerian formulation, adequate transport equations for model parameters are given.
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Diwakar, S. V., Sarit K. Das, and T. Sundararajan. "Numerical Prediction of Molten Metal Jet Dynamics, Fragmentation and Solidification in a Coolant Pool." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23064.
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The hydrodynamics of molten metal jet in a coolant pool is characterized by the presence of complex and diverse fluid structures whose formation is facilitated by various modes of instabilities acting on the fluid-fluid interface and the bulk material. The large spectrum of scales involved in these processes and the related non-linearities cloud a clear understanding of the associated physical phenomena. In order to overcome these difficulties, a numerical model has been developed in the current work, which aims to simulate the hydrodynamics, fragmentation and solidification of a molten metal jet in the coolant pool. The work uses an axisymmetric flow solver with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) interface tracking model to evaluate the macro features of the molten metal jet dynamics and to predict the evolution of interfacial instabilities. At the same time, the phenomena at the micro scale is predicted by a Lagrangian particle tracking model that is used to capture the dynamics and the heat interactions of the fragmented droplets formed from the disintegration of molten metal jet. The coupling between the two models is achieved by converting the molten fluid from VOF model into equivalent swarm of particles at the jet breakup length. The ability of the current coupled model is demonstrated using a sample test problem involving the dynamics of molten woods metal jet in a water pool.
Reports on the topic "Formal fragmentation"
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Skulski, W., K. Tso, and N. Colonna. Fragmentation of hot nuclear systems formed in Xe-induced reactions at E{sub beam}=60 MeV/nucleon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10148342.
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