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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Formal sector banks

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Academic literature on the topic 'Formal sector banks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Formal sector banks"

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Sultana, Nurun Nahar, and Md Nabir Hossain. "Trends and Challenges of Formal Agricultural Credit in Bangladesh: Enhancing Productivity and Promoting Inclusive Growth." Journal of Economic Studies and Financial Research 4, no. 2 (2023): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jesfr.2023.v04i02.002.

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Empirical studies provide evidence that agricultural finance is crucial for agriculture structural development of an economy. Ensuring the productivity of the agricultural sector is crucially important for the timely availability of agricultural credit. The purpose of this study is to look at what is going on with agricultural credit, especially in the formal sector of banking. Throughout the years, there has been a significant increase in credit disbursed through the official sector, which includes commercial banks and other financial institutions. This is a significant development, as in the

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Ogbonna, S. I., and C. K. Osondu. "Determinants of Supply of Funds to Agricultural Sector from Formal Sources in Nigeria from 1992 to 2012." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5, no. 3 (2015): 084–95. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2015.3.051815074.

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The study was carried out in Nigeria. Specifically the study analyzed performance of formal credit sources by amount of loan disbursed to agriculture from 1992 to 2012 and determined factors that influenced volume of funds supplied to agricultural sector from formal sources in Nigeria from 1992 to 2012. Time series data, covering the periods of 1992 – 2012, culled basically from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin were used. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and two Stage Least Square regression technique. The result of the performanc

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Mugobo, Virimai, and Misheck Mutize. "The effects of shadow banking on the traditional banking system in Zimbabwe." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c5_p5.

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The growth of shadow banks changed the face of banking in Zimbabwe. Their inconsistent product nature and complexity of form has been a cause for concern to regulatory authorities. The interrelationship between their financial intermediary role and that of formal banks has made them good substitutes to formal banking. This study conducts a statistical analysis of the country’s monetary aggregates and the total formal bank loan-to-deposits balances. The findings of this analysis show that the shadow banking system has always been a critical element of the formal banking sector which resulted fr

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Hasbiy, Khoirul Umam, and Andrean Eka Hardana. "THE IMPACT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF HORTICULTURAL FARMERS ON ACCESS TO MICROFINANCE IN EAST JAVA." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 8, no. 2 (2024): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v8i2.21091.

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Almost all corporate financing in the agriculture sector is dependent on interest. Because the features of the agricultural sector are incompatible with the finance sector, banks often show little interest in funding the agricultural sector. The purpose of this study were Analyze the socio-economics factors that influence the decision of horticultural farmers in East Java in accessing microfinance. The method of determining the location of the research was carried out in two locations, namely Wonomulyo Village, Poncokusumo Subdistrict, Malang Regency, dan Pacet Village, Pacet Subdistrict, Mojo

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Misztal, Piotr, and Marcin Łupiński. "ARE POLISH BANKS STABLE? A SYSTEMIC RISK ANALYSIS." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing, no. 27(76) (June 30, 2022): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pefim.2022.27.76.6.

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The financial crisis that began in 2007 pointed out deficiencies in policy-makers’ responses to systemic risk. It turned out that not only individual bank insolvencies but also spillovers from negative externalities among entities can cause serious threats to the financial sector. During the last 10 years, many international and national initiatives were taken to strengthen the soundness of the financial system, introducing a macroprudential perspective to financial supervision. However, the recent COVID19 pandemic resulted in a serious negative shock for many economies and their financial sec

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Vyas, Jaimini Naimish, and Vigna Oza Dr. "The Customer Relationship Management Practices of selected Public Sector Banks in Gujarat" [Performance analysis of CRMP in selected PuSB in Gujarat]." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 05 (2018): 298–303. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1253737.

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This research article examines the importance of CRM in creating a sustainable relationship between customers and public sector banks in India. The study investigates customers perceptions of CRM practices of selected public sector banks in Gujarat State, India; relationship between the customers perception and attitude of customers towards CRM practices of banks in India; impact of customer help desk of selected banks on customers perception of banks in India; and the relationship between the CRM practices and attitude of the customers towards factors contributing to services quality. For the

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Mudzingwa, Lasten, Dr Rangarirai Mbizi, and Dr Kudzanai Matowanyika. "Banking sector development in a multi-currency environment: A Zimbabwean sector perspective." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 12, no. 12 (2024): 8120–31. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i12.em10.

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The study sought to provide an understanding of banking sector development in Zimbabwe since the introduction of the multi-currency system. This was prompted by inability of Zimbabwe's banking system to efficiently and effectively execute its financial intermediary role of supplying affordable long-terms loans to productive sectors of the economy as a catalyst for economic growth in line with the finance-growth nexus. The study made use of an interpretivism research philosophy and utilized semi-structured interviews to gather qualitative data from a sample of fifteen senior bank executives. St

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MUKHERJEE, SASWATEE. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTEREST RATES: FORMAL SECTOR BANKS, LOCAL MONEYLENDERS AND MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 18, no. 01 (2013): 1350007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946713500076.

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This study examines the interest rate differences paid to a bank, a Micro Finance Institution (MFI) and a local moneylender. In a multi-period lending contract, a borrower discounting the future income stream at a constant rate is willing to pay the highest interest rate to the local moneylender, comparatively lower rate to a MFI and the lowest to a formal sector bank. In other words, if the interest rate charged by each of the three lenders is the same, the repayment rate will be highest for a moneylender followed by a MFI and the lowest for a formal sector bank.

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Manisha, Sharma, and Anita Rana Dr. "Comparison of Financial Performance of Selected Financial Institutions in India- Special Reference to Private Banks, Public Banks and NBFCs." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 10, no. 11s (2023): 10–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10638481.

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<strong>ABSTRACT </strong> Since independence, India’s economy has been dominated by the banking sector in providing financial assistance to one group, but the rise of NBFCs in the country has opened new avenues for financial assistance or service to new groups. NBFCs are known to fulfil financial needs of other segments of borrowers who are deprived of credit borrowing because of the formal banking system. <strong>Purpose of the study: </strong> The study aims to compare the financial performance of nine financial institutions with special reference financial institutions listed un

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Ayele, Abebe Birhanu, Keshav Malhotra, and Manu Sharma. "Developments in the Banking Sector and Financial Inclusion in Ethiopia." Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research 13, no. 3 (2024): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21863/jcar/2024.13.3.003.

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This paper aimed to highlight developments in the banking sector and to assess the status, trends and determinants of financial inclusion in Ethiopia. The study used data from the World Bank Findex Database, Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Development Bank of Ethiopia and National Bank of Ethiopia annual reports. The Ethiopian banking sector, once dominated by public banks before the reform, showed a new era following the 1994 reform. The reform paved the way for the licensing of some private commercial banks. As a result, the market share of public banks declined significantly after the reform a

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Formal sector banks"

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Sarker, Rahul Amin. "Rural finance in agricultural sector of Bangladesh: present status and future development strategy for formal sector banks." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/233.

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Books on the topic "Formal sector banks"

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Sarker, Md Ruhul Amin. Rural financing and agricultural credit in Bangladesh: Future development strategies for formal sector banks. University Press, 2006.

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Chipeta, C. Links between the informal and formal/semi-formal financial sectors in Malawi. African Economic Research Consortium, 1992.

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Aredo, Dejene. The informal and semi-formal financial sectors in Ethiopia: A study of the iqqub, iddir, and savings and credit co-operatives. African Economic Research Consortium, 1993.

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Empson, Laura. Introduction and Overview. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744788.003.0001.

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Professional organizations—such as accounting, consulting, and law firms, investment banks, hospitals, and universities—embody some of the most complex and challenging interpersonal and leadership issues that organizations present. Leaders of professional organizations must contend with ambiguous authority structures, complex interpersonal relations, and idiosyncratic professional colleagues: in other words, with the power, the politics, and the prima donnas. This chapter introduces the core themes of the book. It identifies the book’s intended audience, the kinds of practitioners and academic

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Berger, Allen N., Philip Molyneux, and John O. S. Wilson, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Banking. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198824633.001.0001.

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The Oxford Handbook of Banking, 3rd Edition provides an overview and analysis of developments and research in banking written by leading researchers in the field. This Handbook will appeal to graduate students of economics, banking and finance, academics, practitioners, regulators and policy makers. Consequently, the book strikes a balance between abstract theory, empirical analysis, and practitioner and policy-related material. The Handbook is split into five parts. Part I, The Theory of Banking, examines the role of banks in the wider financial system, why banks exist, how they function, the

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Power, Maddy. Hunger, Whiteness and Religion in Neoliberal Britain. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447358541.001.0001.

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The traditional food aid/food poverty narrative in the United Kingdom tells us that food banks are compassionate spaces, responding to growing need. Missing is a more nuanced consideration of why food aid might exist and acknowledgment of the deeper, entrenched causes of food poverty. This book shines a light on these neglected dimensions of the debate. It argues that food aid is not only a consequence of neoliberal policies but an industry riddled with neoliberal governmentality, surveilling and governing people. It shows how food aid upholds Christian ideals, white privilege, and maintains i

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Heinze, Eric. Toward a Legal Concept of Hatred. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465544.003.0006.

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Antidiscrimination law focuses on material conduct. A legal concept of hatred, by contrast, focuses on attitudes, as manifest notably through hate speech bans. Democracies by definition assign higher-law status to expression within public discourse. Such expression can, in principle, be legally curtailed only through a showing that it would likely cause some legally cognizable harm. Defenders of bans, struggling with standard empirical claims, have overtly or tacitly applied “anti-Cartesian” phenomenological and sociolinguistic theories to challenge dominant norms that largely limit such harm

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Gurung, Shobha Hamal, and Bandana Purkayastha. Gendered Labor. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037573.003.0005.

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This chapter examines how contemporary globalization has created gendered labor by drawing on the experiences of Nepali immigrant women within pan-ethnic informal labor markets in Boston and New York City. After a brief overview of the existing theoretical framework, the chapter presents data on Nepali women's experiences in the informal economy. It shows how the economic opportunities available to these women are shaped by within-ethnic-group social location—Nepali Americans' social location in relation to wealthier Indian Americans (and their religious and linguistic similarity to this group

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Popadyuk, Tatyana, Saidkhror Gulyamov, and Sharafutdin Khashimkhodzhaev, eds. IX INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL CONFERENCE “MANAGERIAL SCIENCES IN THE MODERN WORLD”. EurAsian Scientific Editions, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56948/zajh8343.

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On 9 November 2021, 9th International Scientific-Practical Conference “Managerial Sciences in the Modern World” was opened. This year, the event took place in the online format because of the strained epidemiological situation. A total of about 450 specialists took part in the conference. “Managerial Sciences” has already become a kind of brand, with more than half a dozen different round table discussions, sections”, said Arkady Trachuk, Dean of the Faculty “Higher School of Management” at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, who moderated the plenary sessi

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Bussing, Marie A. Money for Minors. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400687167.

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Money. Debt. Interest rates. Bankruptcy. Billionaires. Students may understand that money makes the world go 'round, but most are a little shaky when it comes to explaining how and why. Using an A-Z format and containing over 400 entries, this reference book provides an essential foundation of business and economic knowledge for middle-school, high-school, and community college students. Short features scattered throughout the text add interest and fun, while helping students understand how economics affects their daily lives. Best, the entries are written in a style ideal for students just be

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Book chapters on the topic "Formal sector banks"

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Hotori, Eiji, Mikael Wendschlag, and Thibaud Giddey. "Germany: Financial Crises and Formalization of Banking Supervision." In Formalization of Banking Supervision. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6783-1_5.

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AbstractIn Germany, the banking supervision formalized as a consequence of the severe banking crises of the early 1930s, just as in many other countries on the European continent. The formalization process was initiated with the decisions to temporarily take over some of the large commercial banks that faced default in the banking crisis in 1931. Due to the extended loans and direct ownership stakes, the government established a board to look after its interests. The “temporary” measures were made permanent by the Nazi-government as one of several institutional and organizational means to have

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Hotori, Eiji, Mikael Wendschlag, and Thibaud Giddey. "Japan: Formalization of Banking Supervision Including a Reversal." In Formalization of Banking Supervision. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6783-1_3.

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AbstractThis chapter deals with the case of Japan, which experienced a reversal of the formalization of banking supervision. Additionally, this chapter outlines the on-site examination process and the main objectives of bank examinations. During the initial adoption of formal banking supervision, its main role was the “education” of bankers rather than proper prudential oversight. Formal banking supervision was suspended between 1893 and 1914 but was reintroduced in response to requests from both bankers and the government. This reversal reflected the development of the Japanese economy in the

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Hotori, Eiji, Mikael Wendschlag, and Thibaud Giddey. "Sweden: Early Adopter of Formal Banking Supervision with Incremental Steps." In Formalization of Banking Supervision. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6783-1_4.

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AbstractThe banking supervision in Sweden was formalized incrementally over the last half of the nineteenth century when the banking sector grew and modernized. Swedish banking regulation developed out of the charter requirement, and the supervision out of the administration of the growing number of charter applications. With the creation of the Bank Bureau within the Ministry of Finance and the development of the Bank Inspector profession in the 1860s and 1870s, banking supervisory activities such as on- and off-site examinations became more frequent and standardized. The creation of the inde

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Panagariya, Arvind. "Investing Productively: The Banking Sector." In New India. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197531556.003.0009.

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Banks collect savings by households via deposits and channel them to the most productive investors in the form of credit. What happens to bank credit has a determining impact on growth, especially in the formal economy. A key feature of Indian banks has been repeated episodes of accumulation of non-performing assets followed by their recapitalization by the government using public money. These episodes have been concentrated in public sector banks (PSBs), which continue to account for two-thirds of banking assets. This chapter offers a detailed analysis of these episodes and argues that it is

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Hansohm, D. "Agricultural credit." In The Agriculture of The Sudan. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198592105.003.0007.

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Abstract In the Sudan the formal financial system consists of the Bank of Sudan (the central bank), 21 commercial banks (national, foreign, and joint venture), with 214 branches (1987 data), three savings institutions (the Sudanese Savings Bank (SSB), the Post Office Savings Bank, and the Premium Saving Bonds Project), three specialized banks (the Agricultural Bank of Sudan (ABS), the Industrial Bank of Sudan (IBS), and the Estates Bank of Sudan), and some developmental institutions, for example, the Sudan Rural Development Company Ltd. (SRDC). Most of these agencies are engaged in financing t

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Tawah, Regina Nsang. "Financing Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Cameroon." In The Oxford Handbook of the Economy of Cameroon. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192848529.013.35.

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Abstract This chapter presents an overview of the small and medium enterprises sector as well as the banking sector in Cameroon. Data from various sources show that the banking sector is highly concentrated and the majority of the interests are foreign. The banking sector serves about 15 percent of the population. The chapter further uses firm-level data from the 2016 World Bank Enterprise Survey on the characteristics of SMEs in Cameroon for some estimations to determine the effect of the characteristics of the firm on SMEs’ access to working capital in banks. The results show that the size o

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Ornston, Darius. "From Banking on Fish to Fishy Banks." In Good Governance Gone Bad. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501726101.003.0005.

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Chapter four illustrates how Icelandic policymakers used formal and informal networks to liberalize their economy even more rapidly and radically than neoliberal icons such as Ronald Reagan or Margaret Thatcher. Institutional reform spurred movement into new industries, such as financial services, partly because of the policy innovations described above and partly because of the speed with which new ideas diffused within dense, interpersonal networks in the private sector. At the same time, public and private sector actors were slow to recognize the ensuing financial bubble, and Iceland suffer

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Michie, Ranald C. "Regulation and Regulators, 1970–92." In Banks, Exchanges, and Regulators. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199553730.003.0006.

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Before 1970 regulators had relied on the principle of divide and rule as a way of keeping financial systems in order. What this meant in practice was that even in market-based economies authority was exercised behind national boundaries, aided by controls on international financial flows, and by insisting upon a degree of internal compartmentalization not only between banks and markets but also within the banking sector. By the 1970s it was becoming apparent that a growing proportion of financial activity was taking place away from those centres, markets, and institutions over which regulators

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Hossain, Md Mosharref, and Yusnidah Ibrahim. "Working Capital Financing by Banks in Small Enterprises." In Handbook of Research on Small and Medium Enterprises in Developing Countries. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2165-5.ch007.

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Among all the economic players, small enterprises (SEs), by number, dominate the whole world business segment. However, it is a very common problem for SEs, in every economy either developed or developing, to get access into formal financial sector. Working capital can be treated as the life blood for SEs to be operated. But unfortunately, most of the small enterprises face serious problem while obtaining such loan from banks. On the other hand, banks face a lot of problems to finance working capital to SEs. Therefore, this chapter intends to identify the problems faced by SEs in obtaining and

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Hossain, Md Mosharref, and Yusnidah Ibrahim. "Working Capital Financing by Banks in Small Enterprises." In Start-Ups and SMEs. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1760-4.ch054.

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Among all the economic players, small enterprises (SEs), by number, dominate the whole world business segment. However, it is a very common problem for SEs, in every economy either developed or developing, to get access into formal financial sector. Working capital can be treated as the life blood for SEs to be operated. But unfortunately, most of the small enterprises face serious problem while obtaining such loan from banks. On the other hand, banks face a lot of problems to finance working capital to SEs. Therefore, this chapter intends to identify the problems faced by SEs in obtaining and

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Conference papers on the topic "Formal sector banks"

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Peredo Pozos, Jesús Alberto, and Melissa Guadalupe Retamoza Ávila. "La creatividad como forma de identidad y ejercicio de ciudadanía: el caso del postgraffiti." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8012.

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Dentro de los diversos fenómenos socio-urbanos contemporáneos, los que corresponden a la contracultura son algunos de los que tienen mayor impacto y participación específica en la esfera pública. Estas formas de cohabitar un territorio supone, en la mayoría de los casos un rechazo sistemático generalizado, tanto por la irrupción al orden establecido, como por su condición emergente y sus lenguajes novedosos, codificados y transgresores con que se manifiestan. A pesar de que los sectores sociales oficialmente válidos no reconocen de una forma abierta su

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Mejía Vallejo, Clara Elena, and Juan Deltell Pastor. "Búsquedas para el establecimiento de una relación armónica con el paisaje. Dos exploraciones paralelas." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.586.

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Resumen: Los proyectos para la Sainte-Baume y para Cap Martin retoman el hilo de varias de las investigaciones realizadas previamente por Le Corbusier en torno a la vivienda de densidad media construidas a partir de muros de carga, como son las Maisons Loucheur (1929), las Maisons Murodins (1940), las Maisons pour Maîtres et Contremaîtres de la S.P.A (1940) y las Unités Transitoires (1944). No obstante, es posible afirmar que en ellos se opera una búsqueda nueva que tiene que ver con la asociación de estos módulos residenciales en pro de formar un conjunto coherente y unitario, analizando las

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Waldheim, L., and E. Carpentieri. "Update on the Progress of the Brazilian Wood BIG-GT Demonstration Project." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-472.

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Biomass integrated gasification-gas turbine (BIG-GT) technology offers the opportunity for efficient and environmentally sound power generation from biomass fuels. Since biomass is ‘carbon-neutral’ it can be used in power generation equipment without contributing to the ‘greenhouse effect’ if it is grown sustainably. The Brazilian BIG-GT initiative is one of a number of initiatives world-wide aimed at demonstrating, and thereby establishing, biomass as an energy resource for power production. The goal of the Brazilian BIG-GT project is to confirm the commercial viability of producing electrici

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Roca Cisa, Miquel, Joan Triadó Aymerich, Jordi Arderiu, and David Perelló. "Projecte centre de coneixement urbà: EUP de Mataró - Ajuntament de Mataró: eines d’ajuda a la presa de decisions dins de l’àmbit de la gestió municipal." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7582.

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La utilització de grans quantitats de dades dins de l’àmbit de gestió municipal, planteja uns problemes importants d’extracció d’informació i , anant més enllà, d’extracció de coneixement.  En aquest article es presentaran eines d’ajuda a la presa de decisions, que permeten visualitzar anàlisis complexes que relacionen tipus de dades diversos, tals com l’estructura física de la ciutat (carrers, illes, parcel·les, portals), la població que hi viu, els centres proveïdors de serveis i les característiques de les activitats econòmiques que s’hi desenvolupen. També permeten fer hipòtesi

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Reports on the topic "Formal sector banks"

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Niesten, Hannelore. Are Digital and Traditional Financial Services Taxed the Same? A Comprehensive Assessment of Tax Policies in Nine African Countries. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.015.

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Several African countries have introduced taxes on digital financial services (DFS) during the past decade. Given the size and rapid growth of the telecom and DFS sector, DFS taxation is considered an opportunity to broaden the government’s revenue base. These recent developments need to be considered alongside the framework for taxation of traditional financial services (TFS) delivered by banks and other formal financial institutions – such as credit unions, insurance companies and microfinance institutions. The working paper analyses key legislative, tax and regulatory policy instruments, co

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Soares, Tatiana Fontes, John Eriksson, Marco Velarde, and Alejandro Soriano. IDB-9: Corporate Results Framework. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010518.

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In IDB-9 the Board of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB or Bank) mandated implementation of a corporate results framework (CRF), leading to greater emphasis on results throughout the Bank. This background paper responds to the Governors' request that the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) evaluate the completeness and effectiveness of CRF implementation at the IDB-9 midpoint. The findings of this paper are based on a review of relevant Board and Bank strategic and operational documents as well as interviews with mid- and senior-level staff and Executive Directors. Giv

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Martin, Lucia, Maria Elena Corrales, Ana Ramirez-Goldin, Juan Manuel Puerta, Diego Vera, and Oliver Azuara Herrera. Country Program Evaluation: Paraguay (2009-2013). Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010570.

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This document is the evaluation of the IDB's Country Program with Paraguay for the 2009-2013 period. The period evaluated here (hereinafter, the 'review period') was characterized by a political crisis and the intensification of the agricultural export model. This evaluation has been conducted in accordance with OVE's mandate (RE-238 corr.) and the Protocol for Country Program Evaluation (RE-348-2). Its main purposes are to facilitate accountability and identify lessons learned that may help improve the Bank's future program. The evaluation took into account the new country strategy document f

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Buitrago, Paola, Lucia Dammert, Nicolas Garcette, et al. IDB's Response to Key Challenges in Citizen Security, 1998-2012. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010575.

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The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or the Bank) has been involved in citizen security projects for almost two decades. Since 1999, strategic Bank documents have highlighted the importance of citizen security for the continued development of the region. Over the past 15 years the Bank has approved 17 citizen security loans for $481 million, operating in a clear framework that prohibits the use of Bank financing for activities related to drug and arms trafficking. In light of the Bank's increased focus on citizen security, IDB's Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) has undertaken a tw

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Pires, Jose Claudio Linhares, Claudio Frischtak, Simon Lodato, Tulio Cravo, Caio Piza, and José Luis Guasch. IDB-9: Assessment of IDB-9's Private Sector Development Framework. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010532.

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This background paper assesses the actions of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or Bank) related to private sector development (PSD) that were mandated under the Ninth General Capital Increase in Resources (IDB-9). It finds that Management has taken the necessary formal steps to address most of the requirements: preparing a new PSD Strategy; drafting a Non-Sovereign Guarantee (NSG) Business Plan; creating guidelines for specific sectors, beginning with small and medium-sized enterprises; reviewing the NSG guidelines for entities with public participation; gradually expanding NSG pruden

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Catão, Luis, María Fernanda Rosales, and Carmen Pagés. Financial Dependence, Formal Credit and Informal Jobs: New Evidence from Brazilian Household Data. Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010726.

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This paper examines a much overlooked link between credit markets and formalization: since access to bank credit typically requires compliance with tax and employment legislation, firms are more likely to incur such formalization costs once bank credit is more widely available at lower cost. The relevance of this credit channel is gauged using the Rajan-Zingales measure of financial dependence and a difference-in-differences approach applied to household survey data from Brazil. It is found that formalization rates increase with financial deepening, especially in sectors where firms are typica

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Morón, Eduardo, Edgar Salgado, and Cristhian Seminario. Financial Dependence, Formal Credit and Firm Informality: Evidence from Peruvian Household Data. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011384.

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This paper examines the link between financial deepening and formalization in Peru. Using data from the National Household Survey, Bloomberg and the Central Bank of Peru Central Bank, the Catão, Pagés, and Rosales (2009) model is implemented at activity level (2-digits ISIC), and the Rajan and Zingales (1998) approach of sectors' dependence on external funds is followed. The sample is divided into three firm size categories, and two formality measures are assessed. Using the accounting books specification, robust results are obtained, supporting a significant and positive effect of credit grow

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Marto, Ricardo, Paola Buitrago, Agustina Schijman, et al. Country Program Evaluation: Jamaica 2009-2014. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010600.

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This document presents an evaluation by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) of the Country Program of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB, or the Bank) with Jamaica over the period 2009-2014. It is OVE's third independent assessment of the Bank's program in Jamaica. Past evaluations covered the periods 1990-2002 (RE-310, October 2005) and 2003-2008 (RE-365, June 2010).According to the Bank's Protocol for Country Program Evaluations (CPEs) (RE-348-3), the main function of a CPE is "to provide information on Bank performance at the country level that is credible and useful, and tha

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Ramirez-Goldin, Ana, Agustina Schijman, Claudia Figueroa, et al. Country Program Evaluation: Dominican Republic 2013-2016. Inter-American Development Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010680.

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This will be the fourth independent evaluation by OVE of the IDB's country program with the Dominican Republic, and the first to cover the work of the entire IDB Group in the country. This Country Program Evaluation (CPE) covers the IDB Group's program over the period 2013-2016, which was guided by the Bank's country strategy with the Dominican Republic 2013-2016. This CPE therefore aims to analyze the IDB Group's relationship with the country, taking an independent viewpoint, assessing in particular the program's relevance and effectiveness, including both financial and nonfinancial products

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Schclarek, Alfredo, and Mauricio Caggia. Household Saving and Labor Informality: The Case of Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011698.

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This paper compares the saving behavior of formal and informal workers and additionally provides a socioeconomic and financial characterization of informal workers in Chile. The paper uses the Financial Household Survey conducted by the Central Bank of Chile in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010, which covers between 1,740 and 2,533 urban households, performing both OLS and probit regressions. The cross-section regression results indicate that, in general, informal households save less than formal households. Further, descriptive data indicate that informal workers have less access to financial service

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