Relevant bibliographies by topics / Formality / informality

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Formality / informality'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Formality / informality.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Formality / informality"

1

Dessne, Karin. "Formality and Informality." International Journal of Knowledge Management 9, no. 4 (October 2013): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkm.2013100102.

Full text
Abstract:
An organisation and its work are formed by social structures in the form of relationships. The aim of this paper is to explore the nature of relationships and its impact on learning with a qualitative approach. A case study focusing on the Land Warfare Centre (LWC) of the Swedish Armed Forces (SwAF) was conducted. The main target of the study was learning from experiences in training and field action. The analysis shows that relationships are characterised by and contributing to 1) local and oral learning, 2) confusion in the formal design of concepts and processes and 3) issues of power, status and trust. The results of this research support and clarify the viewpoint that the nature of relationships – with various degrees of formality/informality – impacts on learning in an organisation. The relationships are formed and re-formed by their preconditions and may be altered through conscious and unconscious changes of the preconditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Pratt, Andy. "Formality as exception." Urban Studies 56, no. 3 (December 20, 2018): 612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018810600.

Full text
Abstract:
In this commentary piece, we are reminded that naming (in-formality) is an inherently political act. Informality is discussed through a number of dimensions: conceptually in relation to the term ‘formal’; considering its (ordinary) presence in the city; discussing the recognition and devaluation of the informal economy; and pointing to the contribution it makes to the global economy. Analytically, it is argued that informality requires a balancing concept of the formal; politically, informality is ‘the Other’, bound into a teleological relationship with the formal, but unable to ever achieve it. As such, informality is tied to and legitimates the ‘formal’. By reviewing the ontological critique and epistemological diversions deployed by some of the articles of this special issue, the commentary shows that the informal economy is not a ‘residual’ category but one that encompasses the majority of the human experience (urban and non-urban). In this sense, it puts forward the suggestion of viewing formality as exception and informality as the norm, for it is difficult to imagine a totally formal activity with no informality. Informality, then, should be interpreted as a hybrid of what is termed formal and informal. In all its varieties, it is shown that informality constitutes the everyday of the city. Yet, this commentary also calls to resist generalisations so as to be able to ‘see’ particular timed and placed informalities that exist in relation to a wider (local) social, political and economic setting, as well as a global one.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lin, Daomi, Jiangyong Lu, Peter Ping Li, and Xiaohui Liu. "Balancing Formality and Informality in Business Exchanges as a Duality: A Comparative Case Study of Returnee and Local Entrepreneurs in China." Management and Organization Review 11, no. 2 (June 2015): 315–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2014.2.

Full text
Abstract:
ABSTRACTThe management paradigms in the West mainly rely on legal contracts and explicit rules (formality), while the management traditions in the East emphasize social relationships and implicit norms (informality). In an era of ‘West-meets-East’, balancing formality and informality is becoming critical for firms, especially those facing institutional differences in transnational contexts and institutional transitions. In this research, we conducted a comparative multicase study on returnee entrepreneurs and local entrepreneurs in China. We found that at the early stage of venturing, returnee entrepreneurs emphasized formality more than informality, while local entrepreneurs stressed informality more than formality. However, the formality-informality balance among both returnee and local entrepreneurs converged over time in line with the institutional transition in China. Returnee entrepreneurs increased the emphasis on informality (but kept the dominant position of formality), whereas local entrepreneurs gradually shifted from informality to formality. The spatial pattern of asymmetrical balancing and the temporal pattern of transitional balancing are both rooted in the Chinese philosophy of Yin-Yang balancing.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Ojong, Nathanael. "Gender, the state, and informal self-employment." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 11 (November 6, 2017): 1456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-03-2016-0095.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the intersection of formality, informality, structures of power, gender, and social norms in the mobile telecommunication industry in Cameroon, and to investigate the reasons for the over-representation of informal self-employed women at the base of the mobile telecommunication industry in the country. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study using interviews and observations. Findings Cameroon’s mobile telecommunication industry is a “spaghetti bowl” where formality, informality, gender, structures of power, and social norms are intertwined. In Cameroon’s mobile telecommunication industry, there is no static division between formality and informality, rather, there is a connection between formality and informality to ensure the unity and totality of the airtime credit distribution system. Self-employment in the mobile telecommunication industry is gendered. Originality/value Analysing the intersection of gender, class, formality, informality, social norms, and structures of power in the functioning of the mobile telecommunication industry in the Cameroon is original.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Newman, Arielle. "Informality Conceptualized: The Continuum of Formality." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 14419. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.14419abstract.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Lewis, Sue, and Andrew Whitehouse. "Formality and Informality: Managing Island Life." Anthropology Today 14, no. 5 (October 1998): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2783392.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Yoon, Hee-Soo. "Formality and Informality in English Grammar." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2017.04.39.2.203.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Dessne, Karin, and Katriina Byström. "Imitating CoPs: Imposing formality on informality." Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 66, no. 11 (April 7, 2015): 2277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.23322.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

de Paula, Áureo, and José A. Scheinkman. "Value-Added Taxes, Chain Effects, and Informality." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 2, no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 195–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.2.4.195.

Full text
Abstract:
We present an equilibrium model of tax avoidance and test its implications using a survey of firms in Brazil. In the model, the credit method used to collect value-added tax (VAT) creates informality chains—clients or suppliers of informal firms are more likely to be informal. An increase in enforcement in a production stage increases formality downstream and upstream. Various empirical measures of formality of suppliers and buyers, and of enforcement downstream and upstream, are positively correlated with formality. When the VAT is applied in a single stage of production at a rate estimated by the authorities, these chain effects disappear. (JEL H25, H26, L14, L21, O14, O17)
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Bhimji, Fazila. "Supporting Searchers’ Desire for Emplacement in Berlin: Informal Practices in Defiance of an (Im)mobility Regime." Migration Letters 18, no. 2 (March 25, 2021): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v18i2.1182.

Full text
Abstract:
The article traces the ways in which refugees in precarious legal and economic circumstances in Lagers (refugee camps) in Germany participate in informal practices to reverse their displaced positions. More specifically, the paper demonstrates how refugees work in conjunction with a Berlin-based solidarity group in order to find access to informally organized housing outside of the formal bureaucratic state system. The study shows that refugees’ engagement with informal structures must be understood as struggles towards emplacement and formality. Much scholarship has discussed the economic aspects of informality in the global South and post-socialist countries. However, there is little discussion on how refugees may engage in informal practices within the nation-state in order to find emplacement and achieve formality. The article additionally demonstrates how informal acts are co-produced between citizens and refugees in the process of searching and offering of living places outside state defined formal systems. Thus, informality needs to be understood as resistance against displacement, struggles towards emplacement and formality. The study draws on ethnographic data and on-going participation in a Berlin-based grassroots group, Schlafplatzorga, which supports refugees on an informal level with temporary accommodation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Formality / informality"

1

Farmer, Eilunid. "Negotiating the edge : resolving the conflicts and potentials between endogenous and exogenous environments in peri-urban settlement by creating a condition for a narrative between the two extremes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45279.

Full text
Abstract:
In Mabopane’s core, designers have, in an idealistic, static and utopian fashion, created environments for a society that does not exist, which has resulted in a tension between formal environments and informal activities. Because of the nature of formal institutions, informality (which is the backbone of identity of place) is suffering and being encroached upon by formal developments. In reality, in all formality lies some informality, and vice versa. The intention is not to formalise the informal or informalise the formal, but rather to create a hybrid space where the two extremes (which are dependent on each other for survival) can co-exist and form a symbiotic relationship. How does one create this landscape of co-dependence? The answer is firstly sought in a programmatic approach . An apprenticeship workshop inherits current site activities and forges a new relationship between the two extremes by sourcing the by-products of retail from the formal structure (i.e. the shopping centre) and utilising the evident resource effi ciency of the community in order to solve a series of urban problems. The programme consists of two branches: the larger product manufacturing (where a current modular housing system with added recycled insulation is produced); and the smaller workshops (where fi ner crafts are practised, such as sewing and mending). These spaces are aimed at creating social, economic and knowledge-exchange environments. The programme is used as a vessel to illustrate the concept that three types of spaces are required: the necessary, the optional and the spontaneous. The programme is designed in such a way that it compliments existing activities, introduces new ones where necessary and capitalises on established networks. The built form is thus required to create a hybrid landscape of exchange. In order to create this landscape, a visual language is extracted from the context, deciphered and applied to the proposed site and activities. The designer is only capable of creating the formal and not in control of the informal, but one can learn from the fabric by deciphering some of the visible patterns on how to create successful space. This understanding of “anonymous architecture” aims to stimulate the narrative between the two extremes. By examining the context, understanding what works and why it works in that specifi c way, a decision on what formal intervention is needed, could be supported to compliment and refl ect the dynamic properties of the context. This familiarity of form is used to create an architecture that is region specifi c in its message and use.
Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Chauvidul, Narisa. "Formality and informality in internal control systems : a comparative study of control in different social and cultural environments in a global bank." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1700/.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis examined the relationship between formal systems and informal norms in internal control systems in a global bank. The thesis argues that the global policies and standardised manuals and procedures of multinational firms cannot be internalised and interpreted in the same way as anticipated by the management in every branch. This assumption confirms the importance of the need for this study to increase an understanding of the issues and concerns in the management of internal control systems among different organisations in different cultural and social environments. A broad range of literature has been reviewed and it was found that little research in information systems security had previously focused on the internal control systems. As such, this research presents a new area in information systems security study. This research aimed to provide a qualitative approach to increase an understanding of the relationship between formal and informal systems. The main objective was to analyse in depth the interaction between these two systems. More focus was placed on the study of people who played a significant role in the control systems. In pursuing this aim, the interpretive case study of a global bank in two branches was conducted. The findings from this research suggest that there are problems in implementing internal control systems globally across the bank. The internal control systems should be examined with respect to both formal and informal analysis. The considerations should be focused more at the informal level where pragmatic and semantic concerns should be addressed. The thesis concludes that qualitative approach is an appropriate way to conduct research in cross-cultural studies in information systems security, also that semiotics theory is an appropriate approach in this area of study.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Silva, Andria Carla Araujo da. "A constru??o e estrutura??o do territ?rio comercial no bairro Alecrim Natal/RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18919.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndriaCAS_DISSERT.pdf: 1478535 bytes, checksum: 5e10433aefe8f9739608cecbcbc55629 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-24
The study done has as objective the comprehension of the constructed territorial spaces through the commercial perspective, because it is a social practice which enables the dynamic of the space and the appearing of territories. Related to the territory, we emphasized the interest for the idea of used territory treated by Milton Santos, because we agreed with him believing that is the use of the territory which warrants its legitimacy. Then, the spatial dimension chose concentrates itself into the district of Alecrim, localized at the east zone of Natal/RN, where it is recognized by its strong commercial dynamic which was built during years, facing some events which happened in the context of the city. However, this dynamic counts with a hard dichotomy which involves as the considered by the State formal activities, as the informal one. About the commerce of the district, it has characteristics into its activities whose make him to be considered popular, as by the existing products, as by the strong presence of informal workers that constitutes the district s landscape. The informal workers practice expresses one of the multiples constructed alternative territorialities. We believe that this fact has direct relation with the growing process of the exclusion from the formal jobs market. Still talking about the spatial dimension, this real example of the Alecrim district shows how the techniques changes, together with the capitalism process, may influence one entire spatial dynamic across years, involving many agents, since the transient people from somewhere, until the State. Shall the Geography understand the multiple forms from the space, face to the relations that occur into it and also how new territories have been built
O estudo realizado objetiva a compreens?o dos espa?os territoriais constru?dos atrav?s da perspectiva comercial, tendo em vista que ? um tipo de pr?tica social que viabiliza a din?mica do espa?o e o surgimento de territ?rios. Em rela??o ao territ?rio, enfatizamos nosso interesse pela ideia de territ?rio usado trabalhada por Milton Santos, pois concordamos com ele ao acreditarmos que ? o uso do territ?rio que garante a sua legitimidade. Para tanto, o recorte espacial escolhido concentra-se no bairro Alecrim, localizado na zona leste de Natal-RN e reconhecido pela sua forte din?mica comercial constru?da ao longo dos anos mediante alguns eventos que se deram no contexto da capital natalense. Por?m, essa dinamicidade conta com uma forte dicotomia que abarca n?o s? as atividades consideradas formais frente ao Estado, como tamb?m a grande presen?a das atividades informais. Quanto ao com?rcio do bairro, possui caracter?sticas nas suas atividades que o classificam como popular, tanto pelos produtos existentes quanto pela forte presen?a de trabalhadores informais que constituem a paisagem urbana do bairro. A pr?tica dos trabalhadores informais expressa uma das diversas territorialidades alternativas constru?das. Acreditamos que esse fato possui uma liga??o direta com o processo de crescimento da exclus?o do mercado formal de trabalho. Ainda em rela??o ao recorte espacial escolhido, esse exemplo real do bairro Alecrim nos esclarece como as mudan?as t?cnicas, juntamente com o processo do capitalismo, podem influenciar toda uma din?mica espacial ao longo dos anos, envolvendo diversos agentes, desde os transeuntes de um local at? o Estado. Cabe ? Geografia compreender as diversas formas assumidas pelo espa?o mediante as rela??es que se d?o nele e tamb?m o modo como os novos territ?rios t?m sido constru?dos
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Silva, Ric?lia Maria Marinho da. "Setor terci?rio: formalidade e informalidade: algumas especificidades da (re)produ??o do espa?o urbano de Bayeux-PB." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2006. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18973.

Full text
Abstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RiceliaMMS.pdf: 3321311 bytes, checksum: de96c9c9d291e6ef67ae29f9db780343 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-04
This work has as study object the tertiary sector and (the re)production of the urban space of Bayeux-PB. For in such a way, one became necessary to the construction of a theoretical boarding that context the national reality, to be able itself to understand the reality local. This way to construct allowed an opening of the field of vision how much to the relevance of if ahead studying the tertiary sector and its weight of the current configuration of the society in a country as Brazil, e especially in a city of a State northeastern, as it is the case of Bayeux. The theoretical boarding had as base the two circuits of the urban economy, the productive reorganization and the transformations in the world of the work, as well as, the space organization and the distinction between the economic and social space of the tertiary activities, from the logic of functioning of the establishments: the regulation. Besides working with referring official data to the tertiary sector, the empirical study it had as reference one hundred and sixty and establishments tertiary, located in four axles of circulation of the city of Bayeux - PB, which are: Av. Liberdade, Av. Engenheiro de Carvalho, Av. Francisco Marques da Fonseca and Av. Marechal Rondon, that they had appeared in such a way stimulated for the processes of urbanization and industrialization lived deeply from years 70 in the "Great Jo?o Pessoa" how much, in the countries of the underdeveloped capitalist world, as Brazil. Being thus, the objective of the work was to study the tertiary sector and its relation with (the re)production of the urban space, standing out the functioning logic
Esta disserta??o tem como objeto de estudo o setor terci?rio e a (re)produ??o do espa?o urbano de Bayeux-PB. Para tanto, fez-se necess?rio ? constru??o de uma abordagem te?rica que contextualizasse a realidade nacional, para se poder entender a realidade local. Essa maneira de construir permitiu uma abertura do campo de vis?o quanto ? relev?ncia de se estudar o setor terci?rio e seu peso diante da atual configura??o da sociedade num pa?s como o Brasil, e especialmente em um munic?pio de um Estado nordestino, como ? o caso de Bayeux. A abordagem te?rica teve como base os dois circuitos da economia urbana, a reestrutura??o produtiva e as transforma??es no mundo do trabalho, bem como, a organiza??o espacial e a distin??o entre o espa?o econ?mico e social das atividades terci?rias, a partir da l?gica de funcionamento dos estabelecimentos: a regulamenta??o. Al?m de trabalhar com dados oficiais referentes ao setor terci?rio, o estudo emp?rico teve como refer?ncia cento e sessenta e um estabelecimentos terci?rios, localizados em quatro eixos de circula??o do munic?pio de Bayeux PB, quais sejam: Av. Liberdade, Av. Engenheiro de Carvalho, Av. Francisco Marques da Fonseca e Av. Marechal Rondon, que surgiram impulsionadas pelos processos de urbaniza??o e industrializa??o vivenciados a partir dos anos 70 tanto na Grande Jo?o Pessoa quanto, nos pa?ses do mundo capitalista subdesenvolvido, como o Brasil. Sendo assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o setor terci?rio e sua rela??o com a (re)produ??o do espa?o urbano, ressaltando a l?gica de funcionamento
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Cluse, Shalonica Marie. "Perceptions of Licensed Pharmacist Managers regarding Formally Versus Informally Trained Pharmacy Technicians." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2528.

Full text
Abstract:
Pharmacists rely on pharmacy technicians to assist with accurately dispensing prescriptions and providing information to clients. Texas does not have regulations for the education or training of pharmacy technicians, which may result in mistakes when dispensing prescriptions, causing significant harm to customers. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was assessing formally and informally trained pharmacy technicians' job performance as perceived by licensed pharmacists/managers. Data were collected via face to face interviews with 9 pharmacy managers in Texas to gain insight into their lived experiences of supervising not formally and formally trained technicians. Audio recorded interview data were transcribed and organized using the NVivo software. The job performance theory was used to help understand and interpret the data. Pharmacists/managers indicated that pharmacy technicians who receive formal training, when compared to those who have been informally trained on-the-job, have more knowledge, better job performance, less need for training and supervision, and greater salary and other job related opportunities. All 9 of the respondents indicated that the State of Texas should develop a formal set of professional standards for pharmacy technicians and require a formal certification training program. The potential positive social change of this study is a better understanding of the job training and performance of pharmacy technicians that can improve services to communities.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Panion, Henry. "An experimental study of relationships among music listening abilities in formally and informally trained musicians /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487672245902152.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hillenbrand, Timo [Verfasser], Andreas [Gutachter] Göbel, and Veronika [Gutachter] Tacke. "Das Spiel mit der Grenze - Führung im Spannungsfeld von Formalität und Informalität / Timo Hillenbrand ; Gutachter: Andreas Göbel, Veronika Tacke." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200355350/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

ANILE, LORENA HELENA DOS SANTOS S. "TO FORMALIZE THE LAND? ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACTS OF THE LAND REGULARIZATION PROGRAMS IN THE RIO DE JANEIRO FAVELAS AND THEIR INTERFACE WITH URBAN INFORMALITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34882@1.

Full text
Abstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A população moradora das favelas cria estratégias para sua manutenção nesses locais. Longe de afirmar que a informalidade seria uma solução para todos os problemas da favela, a presente dissertação compreende esta prática como funcional. Contrapondo a isto, a Regularização Fundiária é entendida como a legalização das propriedades das áreas informais. Entretanto, o que se vê, na maioria das favelas cariocas que receberam estes projetos, é a entrega de um título fragilizado, que não garante a permanência da população, isto quando há efetivamente a entrega do título. O tema proposto por esta dissertação é a Regularização Fundiária em contraste com a informalidade urbana encontrada nas favelas cariocas. Analisamos a informalidade urbana como um ordenamento diferenciado no meio urbano, portanto, ela não deve ser encarada como um problema que pode ser solucionado pela Regularização Fundiária. Para compreender a inserção da Regularização Fundiária como Programa governamental nas favelas cariocas, destacamos três favelas como campo de pesquisa: Rocinha, Cantagalo e Acari (Vila Rica e Vila Esperança), todas com inserção governamental e desfechos distintos. Assim, para alcançar o objetivo central desta dissertação, buscamos o aprofundamento nos temas principais por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, do levantamento documental sobre os programas de regularização fundiária e a realização de entrevistas com lideranças comunitárias, gestores dos programas locais de regularização fundiária e agentes governamentais. Buscamos aprofundar a temática da Regularização Fundiária e as suas variadas vertentes, observando os desafios enfrentados para garantir à população moradora das favelas o direito à cidade.
The slum leaving population create strategies for their maintenance in these environments. Far from stating that informality would be a solution to all slum problems, the present dissertation understands it as a functional practice. Contrary to it, land regularization is understood as of the properties legalization from informal areas. However, what is seen in most slums in Rio de Janeiro that received these projects, is a fragile deed delivered that does not guarantee the population permanence, when, in fact, there is an actual delivery. The theme proposed by this dissertation is Land Regularization in contrast to the urban informality found in the Rio de Janeiro slums. It has been analyzed urban informality as a differentiated urban planning, therefore, it should not be seen as a problem that can be solved by land regularization. In order to understand the inclusion of land regularization as a government program in Rio de Janeiro slums, three slums were studied as field of research: Rocinha, Cantagalo and Acari (Vila Rica and Vila Esperança), all with governmental insertion and different outcomes. Thus, in order to reach the main objective, we seek to deepen the main themes through bibliographical research, documentary survey of land regularization programs and interviews with community leaders, managers of local land regularization programs and government agents. We aim to deepen the theme of land regularization and its various aspects, observing the challenges faced to guarantee the population living in the slums the right to the city.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Schutte, Maria Louisa. "Exploring emotive listening experiences through continuous measurement of self-report and listening profiles / Maria Louisa Schutte." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8453.

Full text
Abstract:
Training can enable performers to express music in a personal and emotional way while communicating aesthetic impressions to an audience. Little research has been done on the emotive experiences of performing musicians listening to their own performances. The main goal of this study was to develop a reliable way to investigate emotive content of such experiences through a combination of listening profiles and continuous measurement. This empirical, methodological study used a mixed-method design. Responses from formally and informally trained musicians were tested. The methodology consists of two parts: listening profiles (Part I), and the continuous measurement of self-reported emotional response to music (Part II), supported by interviews. Part I consists of a demographic questionnaire, a listening test and a personality test. Part II consists of a computerised questionnaire with four questions: 1) word sorting, 2) word, colours, and facial expressions checklists, which participants use to indicate their emotional responses while the music plays, 3) free description, and 4) rating scales. Data was obtained during three test periods. Part I results revealed that personality, illness, preferences, and psychological factors influence the emotive content of listening experiences. Participants’ response time and manner of word sorting was also supportive of their profiles. Part II results revealed that listeners pay attention to both structural and performance elements as well as emotive content in both prescribed and personal musical tracks. Only a few participants were able to identify the predetermined emotion of the prescribed musical tracks. Participants’ experiences seemed to be influenced by training and personal preferences. Listening to their own recorded performances, informally trained participants were able to focus progressively less on performance elements and more on emotive content, while formally trained participants seemed to focus progressively more on performance elements, and less on emotive content.
Thesis (MMus)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

VONIČKOVÁ, Zuzana. "Specifika komunikace na španělských sociálních sítích." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-385182.

Full text
Abstract:
The presented master's thesis is concerned with the specifics of the Spanish language in the sphere of social networks. In the theoretical part, we define key concepts, while the attention is particularly aimed on previously published studies with similar topic, features of Spanish used on social networks and stylistic factors. The second part of the thesis is practical. In this part, we aim to prove that linguistic features typical for the sphere of social networks should not be perceived as mistakes or ignorance of the writers but rather as manifestations of stylistic factors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Formality / informality"

1

Colley, Helen. Informality and formality in learning: A report for the Learning and Skills Research Centre. London: Learning and Skills Development Agency, 2003.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

von Groddeck, Victoria, and Sylvia Marlene Wilz, eds. Formalität und Informalität in Organisationen. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00603-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Timo, Grunden, ed. Regierungszentralen: Organisation, Steuerung und Politikformulierung zwischen Formalität und Informalität. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Stender, Tom, María Crojethovic, Sebastian Gütschow, Carolin Krüger, and Thomas Elkeles. Veränderungspotenziale in Krankenhausorganisationen: Formalität und Informalität in nordostdeutschen Krankenhäusern. Giessen: Psychosozial-Verlag, 2014.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Federighi, Paolo, ed. Educazione in età adulta. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-752-8.

Full text
Abstract:
Il volume presenta l’esito di una serie di incontri e seminari che, a più livelli, hanno contribuito alla costruzione del Convegno Internazionale La ricerca sull’Educazione in età Adulta nelle università italiane tenutosi all’Università di Firenze il 23 e 24 novembre 2017. I vari contributi hanno provato a dare risposta alla domanda sull’origine e lo sviluppo dell’educazione degli adulti in Italia all’interno dei contesti accademici. Cosa significa occuparsi di tale ambito di ricerca? Le direttrici indagate hanno riflettuto su una molteplicità di approcci di ricerca e hanno ricostruito la varietà delle teorie, dei modelli, degli autori che hanno tratteggiato lo sviluppo della disciplina in Italia negli ultimi cinquant’anni. Tra i temi trattati: accrescimento della qualità educativa dei luoghi di lavoro, comprensione dell’educazione incorporata nei luoghi di lavoro, studio delle finalità dell’educazione nei luoghi formali e informali. Si è giunti così a un tema originalmente rilevato, ma non toccato dalla letteratura nazionale, ovvero la questione delle diseguaglianze e la povertà relativa, fenomeni importanti per comprendere lo sviluppo delle società del futuro.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Wisniewski, Rafal, Adriana Mica, and Jan Winczorek. Sociologies of Formality and Informality. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2015.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wisniewski, Rafal, Adriana Mica, and Jan Winczorek. Sociologies of Formality and Informality. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2015.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wisniewski, Rafal, Adriana Mica, and Jan Winczorek. Sociologies of Formality and Informality. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2015.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wisniewski, Rafal, Adriana Mica, and Jan Winczorek. Sociologies of Formality and Informality. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2015.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Mica, Adriana, Jan Winczorek, and Rafał Wiśniewski, eds. Sociologies of Formality and Informality. Peter Lang D, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-3-653-04521-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Formality / informality"

1

Ijatuyi, Olufunto, Hezekiah Adedayo Ayoola, and Alessandro Melis. "Informality in formality." In Informality through Sustainability, 343–55. New York : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Earthscan series on sustainable design: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429331701-22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Swapan, Mohammad S. H., Atiq Zaman, and Steffen Lehmann. "Urban (in)formality and the new unsustainable landscape of the Global South." In Informality through Sustainability, 196–212. New York : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Earthscan series on sustainable design: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429331701-13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mühleisen, Susanne. "Chapter 10. Formality and informality in cooking shows." In Talking about Food, 189–207. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.47.10muh.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Svensson, Petra. "Policy Entrepreneurs as Bureaucrats, Merging Formality and Informality." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 1–7. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_4026-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Edwards, Paul, and Monder Ram. "HRM in Small Firms: Balancing Informality and Formality." In The SAGE Handbook of Human Resource Management, 522–39. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529714852.n31.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Pisani, Michael J., and Fernando G. Ovando Rivarola. "Logistic Regression Results of In/Formality in Paraguay." In Understanding the Determinants of Economic Informality in Paraguay, 69–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24393-7_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Lahiri, Shibamouli, Prasenjit Mitra, and Xiaofei Lu. "Informality Judgment at Sentence Level and Experiments with Formality Score." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 446–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19437-5_37.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Moyo, Inocent, and Trynos Gumbo. "Spatial and Compositional Formality–Informality Interfaces in the City of Harare, Zimbabwe." In The Urban Book Series, 59–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65485-6_5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wu, Fulong, and Zhigang Li. "6. The Paradox of Informality and Formality: China’s Suburban Land Development and Planning." In The Suburban Land Question, edited by Richard Harris and Ute Lehrer, 145–66. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442620629-010.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Tacke, Veronika. "Formalität und Informalität." In Formalität und Informalität in Organisationen, 37–92. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-00603-7_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Formality / informality"

1

Turney, Edmund, Carmen Pérez Sabater, and Begoña Montero Fleta. "Formality and informality in electronic communication." In ExLing 2006: 1st Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2006/01/0054/000054.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Holzworth, Robert, and Walter Walejeski. "Integrated Performance Monitoring for Asset Optimization." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81212.

Full text
Abstract:
Utilities need technology that is able to accurately estimate the performance and health of the power plant, and assess and optimize the plant’s current generation position for the purposes of generating accurate market pricing and operating cash-flows forecasts. The technology must be able to provide the utility with the required information to support robust power trading and risk management strategies, and ultimately increase the profitability of the business. This paper will address the utilization of integrated performance monitoring technologies to improve asset optimization at power generating facilities and report on the health of the power plant. Additionally, this paper will provide insight to some specific advanced monitoring technologies, how integration of the technologies can provide increased value for plant operations, and address the impact on key performance indicators that almost all utilities track, formally or informally. Case studies related to the technical information presented will also be presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jansson, Johan, Imre Horváth, and Joris S. M. Vergeest. "Implementation and Analysis of a Mechanics Simulation Module for Use in a Conceptual Design System." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dac-14489.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Previously, we have described the theory of a general mechanics model for non-rigid solids (Jansson, Vergeest, 2000). In this paper, we will describe and analyze the implementation, i.e. algorithms and analysis of their time complexity. We will reason that a good (better than O(n2), where n is the number of elements in the system) time complexity is mandatory for a scalable real time simulation system. We will show that, in simplified form, all our algorithms are O(n lg n). We have not been able to formally analyze the algorithms in non-simplified form, we will however informally discuss the expected performance. The entire system will be empirically shown to perform slightly worse than O(n lg n), for a specific range and typical input. We will also present a working prototype implementation and show it can be used for real time evaluation of reasonably complex systems. Finally we will reason about how such a system can be used in the conceptual design community as a simulation of traditional design tools.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Chhabra, Jaskanwal P. S., and Gordon P. Warn. "Investigating the Use of Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Fidelity Model Selection in the Context of Design Decision Making." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85483.

Full text
Abstract:
Engineers often employ, formally or informally, multi-fidelity computational models to aid design decision making. For example, recently the idea of viewing design as a Sequential Decision Process (SDP) provides a formal framework of sequencing multi-fidelity models to realize computational gains in the design process. Efficiency is achieved in the SDP because dominated designs are removed using less expensive (low-fidelity) models before using higher-fidelity models with the guarantee the antecedent model only removes design solutions that are dominated when analyzed using more detailed, higher-fidelity models. The set of multi-fidelity models and discrete decision states result in a combinatorial combination of modeling sequences, some of which require significantly fewer model evaluations than others. It is desirable to optimally sequence models; however, the optimal modeling policy can not be determined at the onset of SDP because the computational cost and discriminatory power of executing all models on all designs is unknown. In this study, the model selection problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process and a classical reinforcement learning, namely Qlearning, is investigated to obtain and follow an approximately optimal modeling policy. The outcome is a methodology able to learn efficient sequencing of models by estimating their computational cost and discriminatory power while analyzing designs in the tradespace throughout the design process. Through application to a design example, the methodology is shown to: 1) effectively identify the approximate optimal modeling policy, and 2) efficiently converge upon a choice set.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Harmoni, Ati. "Official Website as a Means of Stakeholder Dialogue on Corporate Social Responsibility." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00470.

Full text
Abstract:
As part of the fulfillment of CSR, companies are expected to engage with its stakeholders through an activity called stakeholder dialogue. Stakeholders can demonstrate an interest and influence to the company through direct pressure or through the dissemination of information, acting formally or informally, individually or collectively. The dynamics of the relationship between companies and stakeholders, particularly through the Internet are becoming increasingly attractive because, on one side, the growing demand for transparency in the company - including transparency in CSR programs and activities - and advances in communications technology and information on the other side. This paper will review whether the company's official website allows the dialogue between companies and stakeholders, in particular about CSR. Considering the number of stakeholders who have different interest to the company then the company should provide information and appropriate means of communication for each stakeholder group. A survey conducted on the company website to analyse the facilities provided by the company on its website which is intended to CSR communication and dialogue with stakeholders. The companies selected for this study were public company listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange and included in Bisnis-27 index and must have an accessable official website. The study was conducted by observing information about CSR presented on the web and the used of web interactivity features. The results indicate that the company has tried to show information about the CSR on the website but not yet fully take advantage of the interactivity features to establish a dialogue with stakeholders.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Formality / informality' for particular source types:
Journal articles Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography