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Journal articles on the topic 'Format-free'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Dzelendzyak, Ulyana, Danylo Nikulshyn, Andriy Pavelchak, and Leonid Moroz. "DATABASE MIGRATION IN CODE-FREE FORMAT." Measuring Equipment and Metrology 84, no. 2 (2023): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2023.02.034.

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Database migration is a critical process for businesses that need to maintain their data integrity and functionality as they transition to new technologies or systems [7]. The paper has researched the concept of database migration in a code-free format, including the benefits and challenges of this approach. Code-free migration tools provide an interface that allows users to drag and drop data and automate the migration process. This eliminates the need for manual coding and speeds up the migration process. Code-free solutions also provide users with visual representations of the data, making

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2

Brown, Katherine, and Olivier Pourquié. "Going format-free." Development 144, no. 11 (2017): 1919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.154161.

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Blank, Michael B., and Shannon Canney. "Free Format Submission for JCOP." Journal of Community Psychology 48, no. 2 (2020): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22329.

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Aksonova, Natalia. "Free Walking Tours: Ukrainian format." Socio-Economic Problems and the State 28, no. 1 (2023): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/sepd2023.01.042.

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The article is dedicated to the review of the origin and promotion of the “free” excursions service in Ukraine as well as to the change of attitude towards them during the russian military aggression. The terminological confusion that arises among the Ukrainian consumers with the use of the term Free Walking Tours are indicated in the article. This term is considered in Ukrainian realities through the prism of such concepts as "free", "unpaid", "open", "volunteer", although in global practice such excursions are provided exclusively "for tips". An analysis of the strategies of sites advertisin

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5

Glencross, Michael J. "Reliability of a Free-Format Values Inventory." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3 (1996): 1056–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.1056.

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A free-format inventory of Life and Work Values, designed in Zimbabwe as a wide-spectrum instrument suitable for exploratory investigations in a variety of groups, was used to collect data from a sample of 926 education students in South Africa. Analysis showed that the inventory had high internal consistency across all groups sampled.

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Habeek, Muaaz, Charaf Eddine Dridi, and Mohamed Badeche. "Automatic Correction of Free Format MCQ Tests." International Journal of Software Innovation 8, no. 1 (2020): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2020010103.

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Although the technology for the automatic grading of multiple-choice exams exists, it is neither efficient nor as automatic as it claims to be. All proposed methods have a predefined answer sheet format that looks like a crosswords table or a chessboard. Because of this format, all questions must have the same number of choices. Such an answer sheet is not clear, and candidates taking the exam can and will accidentally mark the wrong cell in the table. Most of them assume that there is only one possible answer for every question. This article proposes an algorithm that does not require any spe

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Cole, Geoff G., Ellie Benfield, and Steven Samuel. "Format-Free Submissions in Psychology-Related Journals." Publications 12, no. 3 (2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications12030029.

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Scientists have a duty to spend their time, and hence public money, in an efficient manner. One particularly wasteful task concerns the formatting of articles submitted to academic journals. Around a decade or so ago some academics began to challenge this inefficiency and a small number of articles have been published advocating for change. There has, however, been little progress, particularly within psychology. In the present article, we advocate for what is sometimes referred to as the Format-Free Submission. In order to quantify progression, we also examined a sample (n = 500) of psycholog

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Ansorge, Libor. "Style-free references rather than standardized citation styles." European Science Editing 48 (June 3, 2022): e83943. https://doi.org/10.3897/ese.2022.e83943.

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In this communication, the calls for standardizing citation styles are discussed. Instead of standardizing citation style, I consider efforts to introduce style-free references to be more beneficial to authors.

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Collins, Michael, Charles Reynolds, Christine Le, Cihan Varol, and Coskun Bayrak. "Automated data verification in a format-free environment." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 31, no. 2 (2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1118537.1118539.

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10

Claeys, Willem, Paul De Boeck, Wouter Van Den Bosch, Raf Biesmans, and Arnold Böhrer. "A comparison of one free-format and two fixed-format self-report personality assessment methods." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 49, no. 4 (1985): 1028–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.49.4.1028.

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11

Osipov, Oleg Konstantinovich. "Description Of Context Free Grammars In Json Format For Parser Generators." Russian Digital Libraries Journal 23, no. 6 (2020): 1301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/1562-5419-2020-23-6-1301-1323.

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Analysis of various presentations for context free grammars provided with parser generators. A new description format of context free grammars is proposed. Given a representation of context free grammar in JSON format. The concept of a new parser generator based on JSON data format of describing context free grammars is presented. Described a parser generation scheme based on that concept.

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Roguski, Łukasz, and Paolo Ribeca. "CARGO: effective format-free compressed storage of genomic information." Nucleic Acids Research 44, no. 12 (2016): e114-e114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw318.

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13

Okuno, H., H. Matsumoto, and H. Asai. "TableSpec: Free Format Specification Table and Source Code Generation." Software: Practice and Experience 26, no. 2 (1996): 213–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-024x(199602)26:2<213::aid-spe10>3.0.co;2-z.

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14

Willis, Michael. "Format-free submission: gain for some, pain for others?" Science Editing 10, no. 1 (2023): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.6087/kcse.302.

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15

Fry, D. J. "The database format question: An alternative to multiple choice and free format for computer based testing." Computers & Education 14, no. 5 (1990): 395–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1315(90)90032-3.

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Thissen, Alica, Frank M. Spinath, and Nicolas Becker. "Manipulate Me." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 36, no. 4 (2020): 554–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000534.

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Abstract. The cube construction task represents a novel format in the assessment of spatial ability through mental cube rotation tasks. Instead of selecting the correct answer from several response options, respondents construct their own response in a computerized test environment, leading to a higher demand for spatial ability. In the present study with a sample of 146 German high-school students, we tested an approach to manipulate the item difficulties in order to create items with a greater difficulty range. Furthermore, we compared the cube task in a distractor-free and a distractor-base

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Cheran, Larisa-Emilia, Melissa Chacko, Mingquan Zhang, and Michael Thompson. "Protein microarray scanning in label-free format by Kelvin nanoprobe." Analyst 129, no. 2 (2004): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b314058j.

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MURASE, HIROSHI. "ONE-LINE RECOGNITION SYSTEM FOR FREE-FORMAT HANDWRITTEN JAPANESE CHARACTERS." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 05, no. 01n02 (1991): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001491000144.

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This paper describes an on-line recognition system for free-format handwritten Japanese character strings which may contain characters with separated constituents or overlapping characters. The recognition method for the system, called candidate lattice method, conducts segmentation and recognition of individual character candidates, and applies linguistic information to determine the most probable character string in order to achieve high recognition rates. Special hardware designed to realize a real-time recognition system is also introduced. The method used on the special hardware attained

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Schmitt, Mark R., and Allen D. Budde. "Wort Free Amino Nitrogen Analysis Adapted to a Microplate Format." Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists 70, no. 2 (2012): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-2012-0321-01.

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20

Munro, D. "A Free-Format Values Inventory: Explorations with Zimbabwean Student Teachers." South African Journal of Psychology 15, no. 1 (1985): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124638501500105.

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Schmitt, M. R., and A. D. Budde. "Wort Free Amino Nitrogen Analysis Adapted to a Microplate Format." Cerevisia 38, no. 2 (2013): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cervis.2013.09.013.

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Kryukov, Kirill, Mahoko Takahashi Ueda, So Nakagawa, and Tadashi Imanishi. "Nucleotide Archival Format (NAF) enables efficient lossless reference-free compression of DNA sequences." Bioinformatics 35, no. 19 (2019): 3826–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz144.

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Abstract Summary DNA sequence databases use compression such as gzip to reduce the required storage space and network transmission time. We describe Nucleotide Archival Format (NAF)—a new file format for lossless reference-free compression of FASTA and FASTQ-formatted nucleotide sequences. Nucleotide Archival Format compression ratio is comparable to the best DNA compressors, while providing dramatically faster decompression. We compared our format with DNA compressors: DELIMINATE and MFCompress, and with general purpose compressors: gzip, bzip2, xz, brotli and zstd. Availability and implement

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23

Sistrom, Chris L., and Janice Honeyman-Buck. "Free Text Versus Structured Format: Information Transfer Efficiency of Radiology Reports." American Journal of Roentgenology 185, no. 3 (2005): 804–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.185.3.01850804.

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24

Angenendt, Philipp, Lajos Nyarsik, Witold Szaflarski, et al. "Cell-Free Protein Expression and Functional Assay in Nanowell Chip Format." Analytical Chemistry 76, no. 7 (2004): 1844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac035114i.

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25

Kamranian, Zahra, S. Amirhassan Monadjemi, and Naser Nematbakhsh. "A novel free format Persian/Arabic handwritten zip code recognition system." Computers & Electrical Engineering 39, no. 7 (2013): 1970–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2013.04.012.

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26

Zhang, Kun, Shanghong Zhao, Xuan Li, Tao Lin, Wei Jiang, and Guodong Wang. "Reconfigurable photonic generation of background-free microwave waveforms with multi-format." Optics Communications 453 (December 2019): 124326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2019.124326.

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27

Renshaw, Andrew A., Mercy Mena-Allauca, and Edwin W. Gould. "Reporting Margin Status in Synoptic Reports." JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics, no. 1 (November 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/cci.16.00056.

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Purpose The format of a synoptic report can significantly affect the accuracy, speed, and preference with which a reader can retrieve information. The purpose of this study was to compare different formats for reporting margin status in synoptic reports of colonic carcinoma. Methods The performance of 17 nonpathologists (cancer registrars and medical and nonmedical personnel) at identifying specific information in various formatted synoptic reports was evaluated using four computerized quizzes that measured both accuracy and speed. Results Compared with the standard format (“Involved by invasi

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28

Tenvergert, Elisabeth, Johannes Kingma, and Henk J. Klasen. "Fixfree and Genhdr: Two Turbo Pascal Programs to Transform Comma-Delimited Free ASCII Format Files into Fixed Format ASCII Files and Vice Versa." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 2 (1995): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259508100201.

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The interchange between different database management systems and statistical packages may be hampered by different formats for data structure. The programs FIXFREE and GENHDR convert database files into different formats: ASCII fixed format to comma-delimited free ASCII format and vice versa. The programs may be used either as stand alone programs or as procedures within a database management system. The programs also contain a procedure to import comma-delimited free ASCII formatted files into database management systems, e.g., DBase III, DBase IV, or the different versions of FOXPRO. The pr

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29

Kawamoto, Tatsuro, and Takaaki Aoki. "Democratic classification of free-format survey responses with a network-based framework." Nature Machine Intelligence 1, no. 7 (2019): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0071-y.

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30

Singh, Jitendra, and Naresh Kumar. "Performance analysis of different modulation format on free space optical communication system." Optik 124, no. 20 (2013): 4651–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2013.02.014.

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31

Effendi, Chia-Fen Hung, Kuei-Yin Lin, Fu-Chan Tsai, Chia-Po Ho, and Chih-Hsiang Yang. "42.3: Efficient Multi-View Input Data Format for Glasses-Free 3D Display." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 44, no. 1 (2013): 586–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-0159.2013.tb06277.x.

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32

Khan, Jahangir, Syed Attaullah Shah, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai, and Aditya R. Khanal. "Investigating the Effect of Contingent Valuation Question Formats on Households’ Willingness to Pay for Pesticides Free Fruits in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 5, no. 4 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.541.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of contingent valuation questions format on households ‘preferences revelation and willingness to pay (WTP) for chemicals free fruits in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. A sample of 1000 randomly selected households, from rural and urban areas of the KP province, were confronted with three different WTP questions for chemicals free fruits-double bounded dichotomous choice question, open-ended question and payment card question. Results show that households’ willingness to pay price premium for chemicals free fruits were 14 percent

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33

Frigstad, Sigrun Aasen, Torunn Hatlen Nøst, and Beate André. "Implementation of Free Text Format Nursing Diagnoses at a University Hospital’s Medical Department. Exploring Nurses’ and Nursing Students’ Experiences on Use and Usefulness. A Qualitative Study." Nursing Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/179275.

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Background. Nursing documentation has long traditions and represents core element of nursing, but the documentation is often criticized of being incomplete. Nursing diagnoses are an important research topic in nursing in terms of quality of nursing assessment, interventions, and outcome in addition to facilitating communication and continuity.Aim. The aim of this study was to explore the nurses’ and nursing students’ experiences after implementing free text format nursing diagnoses in a medical department.Method. The study design included educational intervention of free text nursing diagnoses

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Belim, Sergey V., Sergey N. Munko, and Svetlana Yu Belim. "Steganographic embedding model in files with hierarchical structure." Journal Of Applied Informatics 20, no. 1 (2025): 125–39. https://doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2025-20-1-125-139.

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All steganographic methods are focused on a specific container file format. Text documents with markup are the most difficult object for steganography methods. The article suggests a model for embedding structured text documents in control tags. The model uses the document tree structure and embeds into free leaf nodes. This approach adds hidden data that does not affect the display of the document. Two steganographic methods are implemented based on this model. The first method embeds hidden data into html document tags. The embedding method adds underplayed tags and style classes to free lea

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Butler, J. Corey, Richard M. Ryckman, Bill Thornton, and Rachel L. Bouchard. "Assessment of the Full Content of Physique Stereotypes with a Free-Response Format." Journal of Social Psychology 133, no. 2 (1993): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1993.9712133.

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Asano, Ryutaro, Keiko Ikoma, Hiroko Kawaguchi, et al. "Application of the Fc fusion format to generate tag-free bi-specific diabodies." FEBS Journal 277, no. 2 (2009): 477–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07499.x.

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37

Nason, Rod, Peter Lloyd, and Ian Ginns. "Format-free databases and the construction of knowledge in primary school science projects." Research in Science Education 26, no. 3 (1996): 353–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02356945.

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38

Bova, Michael P., Lan Nguyen, William Wallace та ін. "A Label-Free Approach to Identify Inhibitors of α4β7-Mediated Cell Adhesion to MadCAM". Journal of Biomolecular Screening 16, № 5 (2011): 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057111399337.

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Traditionally, cell adhesion assays are performed in a manual workstation format using fluorescence-based readouts. Herein, the authors describe a label-free homogeneous assay to identify inhibitors of α4β7 integrin-mediated cell adhesion to its ligand, the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MadCAM), using the SRU BIND platform. The biosensor is optically based and comprises a subwavelength polymer grating. The assay was validated using standard compounds and an α4 blocking antibody and correlated very closely with the manual assay format when running a battery of test compounds of vary

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Christensen, Lars Winther, Oana Veliche, and Jerzy Weyman. "Free resolutions of Dynkin format and the licci property of grade $3$ perfect ideals." MATHEMATICA SCANDINAVICA 125, no. 2 (2019): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/math.scand.a-114894.

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Recent work on generic free resolutions of length $3$ attaches to every resolution a graph and suggests that resolutions whose associated graph is a Dynkin diagram are distinguished. We conjecture that in a regular local ring, every grade $3$ perfect ideal whose minimal free resolution is distinguished in this way is in the linkage class of a complete intersection.

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TENVERGERT, ELISABETH, JOHANNES KINGMA, and HENK J. KLASEN. "FIXFREE AND GENHDR: TWO TURBO PASCAL PROGRAMS TO TRANSFORM COMMA-DELIMITED FREE ASCII FORMAT FILES INTO FIXED FORMAT ASCII FILES AND VICE VERSA." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 2 (1995): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.2.355.

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41

Gordon, Sallie, Jill Gustavel, Jana Moore, and Jon Hankey. "The Effects of Hypertext on Reader Knowledge Representation." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 5 (1988): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200512.

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The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of hypertext as an intra-document text format. Subjects read two articles on a color VDT, one in linear and one in hypertext format. Half of the subjects read general interest articles with instructions for casual reading and the other half read technical articles with instructions to learn the material. Afterward, subjects were given free recall tests, question probe tests, and a preference questionnaire. Results indicated that for both types of article, the linear format resulted in greater memory for the basic ideas contained in the arti

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Liu, Jinhai, Zhengyu Chu, Haili Li, et al. "Lithium‐plating‐free fast charging of large‐format lithium‐ion batteries with reference electrodes." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 5 (2021): 7918–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.6375.

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Kawamoto, Tatsuro, and Takaaki Aoki. "Author Correction: Democratic classification of free-format survey responses with a network-based framework." Nature Machine Intelligence 1, no. 8 (2019): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0079-3.

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Kawamoto, Tatsuro, and Takaaki Aoki. "Publisher Correction: Democratic classification of free-format survey responses with a network-based framework." Nature Machine Intelligence 1, no. 8 (2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0090-8.

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Lebedeva, Natalia P., Franco Di Persio, Theodora Kosmidou, et al. "Amount of Free Liquid Electrolyte in Commercial Large Format Prismatic Li-Ion Battery Cells." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 166, no. 4 (2019): A779—A786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.1151904jes.

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Zou, Qiang, and Hsi-Yung Feng. "Variational B-rep model analysis for direct modeling using geometric perturbation." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 6, no. 4 (2019): 606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2019.03.002.

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Abstract The very recent CAD paradigm of direct modeling gives rise to the need of processing 3D geometric constraint systems defined on boundary representation (B-rep) models. The major issue of processing such variational B-rep models (in the STEP format) is that free motions of a well-constrained model involve more than just rigid-body motions. The fundamental difficulty lies in having a systematic description of what pattern these free motions follow. This paper proposes a geometric perturbation method to study these free motions. This method is a generalization of the witness method, allo

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Wu, Xi, Tian Li, Guangyu Tao, et al. "A universal and enzyme-free immunoassay platform for biomarker detection based on gold nanoparticle enumeration with a dark-field microscope." Analyst 142, no. 22 (2017): 4201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7an01495c.

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We develop a universal and enzyme-free magnetic bead-based sandwich-format immunoassay platform for biomarker detection by combining secondary antibody functionalized AuNPs and automatic AuNP counting.

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Shiell, Ralph, and Aaron Slepkov. "Integrated Testlets: A New Form of Expert-Student Collaborative Testing." Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching 8 (June 12, 2015): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/celt.v8i0.4244.

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Integrated testlets are a new assessment tool that encompass the procedural benefits of multiple-choice testing, the pedagogical advantages of free-response-based tests, and the collaborative aspects of a viva voce or defence examination format. The result is a robust assessment tool that provides a significant formative aspect for students. Integrated testlets utilize an answer-until-correct response format within a scaffolded set of multiple-choice items that each provide immediate confirmatory or corrective feedback while also allowing for the granting of partial credit. We posit here that

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Brazaitienė, Tatjana, and Zenonas Brazaitis. "Informacinių sistemų dinaminio valdymo modeliavimas." Informacijos mokslai 49 (January 1, 2009): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2009.0.3315.

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Straipsnis skirtas informacinių sistemų (IS) valdymo modeliavimui, kai tam yra naudojami dalykinės srities grafai ir išoriniai duomenys. Modulinės struktūros IS valdymas naudojant išorinius duomenis siejamas su modulių grafais ir baigtiniu automatu, o vartotojų kreipimaisi į informacinę sistemą – su jų laisvosios formos keitimu fiksuotąja forma.Pateikiami informatyvūs sudaryto dviejų dalių IS dinaminio valdymo modelio taikymo pavyzdžiai sprendžiant konkrečius funkcinius verslo vadybos uždavinius.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: informacinė sistema, dalykinės srities grafas, išoriniai valdymo duomenys, mo

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Gerashchenko, I. P., N. S. Makarova, and I. I. Krott. "FREE EDUCATION FORMAT IN THE PRACTICE OF RUSSIAN HIGHER SCHOOL: FEATURES AND PROSPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION." Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research, no. 29 (2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2020-29-97-103.

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The article discusses two fundamental components of the academic revolution in modern higher education: mass education and the global knowledge economy — from the point of view of the formation of a new structure of higher education: mass and research universities. The formats of higher education are analysed: “linear conveyor” and “free education”, their advantages and disadvantages within the framework of the academic revolution, compliance with modern and future requirements of the labor market. The possibilities of introducing the formats of “free education” into the practice of Russian hi

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