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Journal articles on the topic 'Formate de sodium'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Alcock, Nathaniel W., Michael P. Wilson, and P. Mark Rodger. "Caesium sodium bis(formate)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 62, no. 2 (2006): m388—m390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536806003047.

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2

Gage, Samuel, Prashant Sharan, Craig Turchi, and Judy Netter. "Evaluation of Formate Salt PCM’s for Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage." Energies 14, no. 3 (2021): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030765.

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This work examines formate salts as potential phase change materials (PCMs) for middle-high temperature (≤250 °C) latent heat thermal energy storage applications. The thermophysical properties of three formate salts were characterized: pure sodium formate and binary blends of sodium/potassium formate and sodium/calcium formate. The stability of formate PCM’s was evaluated by thermal cycling using differential scanning calorimetry where sodium formate and sodium/potassium formate appeared stable over 600 cycles, while sodium/calcium formate exhibited a monotonic decrease in heat of fusion over the test period. A longer test with sodium formate led to gas release and decomposition of the salt. FTIR analysis of the PCM showed degradation of formate to oxalate. T-history experiments with 50-g PCM quantities demonstrated a bulk supercooling of only 2–3 °C for these salts. Thermal conductivity enhancement of over 700% was achieved by embedding aluminum in the solid PCM. Finally, mild carbon steel was immersed in molten sodium formate for up to 2000 h. Sodium formate was found to be non-corrosive, as calculated by mass loss and confirmed by cross-sectional high-resolution microscopy. FTIR analysis of the PCM after 2000 h shows oxidation at the free surface, while the bulk PCM remained unchanged, further indicating a need to protect the formate from atmospheric exposure when used as a PCM.

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3

Hu, Liang, and Adeyinka A. Adeyiga. "Extraction of Formic Acid from Sodium Formate." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 36, no. 6 (1997): 2375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie9605443.

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4

Kameda, Yasuo, Takahiro Mori, Takashi Nishiyama, Takeshi Usuki, and Osamu Uemura. "Structure of Concentrated Aqueous Sodium Formate Solutions." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 69, no. 6 (1996): 1495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.69.1495.

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5

Parnes, Howard, and Emma Shelton. "One pot synthesis of sodium 14C-formate." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 23, no. 6 (1986): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.2580230613.

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6

Müller, Kerstin, Klaus-Jürgen Range, and Anton M. Heyns. "Alkalimetallformiate, V Die Kristallstruktur von Natriumformiat-Dihydrat, NaHCO2·2H2O [1] Alkali Metal Formates, V The Crystal Structure of Sodium Formate Dihydrate, NaHCO2·2H2O [1]." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 49, no. 9 (1994): 1179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1994-0905.

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Single crystals of sodium formate dihydrate, NaHCO2·2H2O, have been prepared from aqueous solutions of sodium formate, NaHCO2, via the trihydrate, NaHCO2-3H2O. They are orthorhombic, space group Cmca, with a = 7.070(4), b = 14.534(2), c = 8.706(2) Å and Z = 8. The structure, including the hydrogen atoms, was refined to R = 0.054, Rw = 0.065 for 479 unique reflections with I > 3 σ (I). It comprises buckled layers formed by NaO6 octahedra which are edge- and corner-sharing. The octahedral coordination of the sodium ions is achieved by two oxygen atoms from two different end-on bonded formate ions and four water oxygen atoms. The O···H distances show clearly that strong hydrogen bonds are not involved in the bonding system

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7

Johnson, Wilbur, Bart Heldreth, Wilma F. Bergfeld, et al. "Safety Assessment of Formic Acid and Sodium Formate as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 35, no. 2_suppl (2016): 41S—54S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581816677716.

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Formic acid functions as a fragrance ingredient, preservative, and pH adjuster in cosmetic products, whereas sodium formate functions as a preservative. Because of its acidic properties, formic acid is a dermal and ocular irritant. However, when used as a pH adjuster in cosmetic formulations, formic acid will be neutralized to yield formate salts, for example, sodium formate, thus minimizing safety concerns. Formic acid and sodium formate have been used at concentrations up to 0.2% and 0.34%, respectively, with hair care products accounting for the highest use concentrations of both ingredients. The low use concentrations of these ingredients in leave-on products and uses in rinse-off products minimize concerns relating to skin/ocular irritation or respiratory irritation potential. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that formic acid and sodium formate are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, when formulated to be nonirritating.

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8

PARTANEN, K., H. SILJANDER-RASI, and K. SUOMI. "Dietary preferences of weaned piglets offered diets containing organic acids." Agricultural and Food Science 11, no. 2 (2002): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5718.

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A preference test and a performance trial were carried out to examine weaned piglets feed intake response to diets containing either lactic acid,formic acid,calcium formate,or sodium benzoate (8 g kg-1 feed).In Experiment 1, throughout a 21-d post-weaning period,30 entire litters (306 piglets) weaned at the age of 30 d were allowed to choose between two organic-acid-supplemented diets. All of the four different organic-acid-supplemented diets were tested in pairs against each other,and the six possible combinations were lactic acid +formic acid,lactic acid +calcium formate,lactic acid + sodium benzoate,formic acid +calcium formate,formic acid +sodium benzoate,and calcium for-mate +sodium benzoate.Piglets preferred diets supplemented with sodium benzoate to ones supplemented with formic acid or calcium formate.The acceptability of diets supplemented with lactic acid,formic acid,or calcium formate was similar.In Experiment 2,until the age of 58 d,60 piglets from 10 litters weaned at the age of 28 or 38 d were fed non-acidified diets or ones supplemented with lactic acid,formic acid,calcium formate,or sodium benzoate.Feed consumption did not differ between piglets fed non-acidified and those fed organic-acid-supplemented diets. Growth performance was reduced by dietary calcium formate supplementation, while the performance of piglets fed other organic-acid-supplemented diets did not differ significantly from those fed the non-acidified control diet.The frequency of post-weaning diarrhoea was highest in piglets fed diets supplemented with calcium formate and lowest in piglets fed diets supplemented with formic acid.;

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9

SHAH, B. G., G. S. TRIVEDI, P. RAY, and S. K. ADHIKARY. "Separation of Sodium Formate and Pentaerythritol by Electrodialysis." Separation Science and Technology 34, no. 16 (1999): 3243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/ss-100100833.

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10

Seliger, J., A. Zidanšek, V. Žagar, R. Blinc, and F. Milia. "17O and23Na nuclear quadrupole double resonance of sodium formate and sodium acetate." Applied Magnetic Resonance 26, no. 3 (2004): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03166813.

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11

Julsing, H. G., and R. I. McCrindle. "The recovery of precious metals from acidic effluents using sodium formate." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 5-6 (2000): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0496.

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At Western Platinum Refinery in South Africa, zinc was used for the reduction of the platinum group metals (PGMs) in acidic effluent (palladium filtrate). Owing to the increasing cost of zinc and the risk of zinc pollution, sodium formate was investigated as an alternative reductant. It was found that pH 1.5 was the optimum starting pH for sodium formate reduction. The optimum concentration of sodium formate was found to be 18 g/dm3 at a temperature of approximately 100°C where the process time was 5 hours. The addition of sodium formate increased the pH of the final reaction mixture to approximately pH 4.5. Palladium was the most effectively reduced PGM, exhibiting an average precipitation efficiency of 98%. Difficulty was experienced with the precipitation of platinum (average precipitation efficiency of 47%). The precipitated PGMs were readily dissolved in hydrochloric acid (6 M) and sodium chlorate (2%). A reduction in costs resulted from the discontinuation of the use of zinc for reduction purposes. An additional advantage was that zinc was no longer introduced into the PGM refinery circuits. This effectively reduced the pollution potential of the acidic effluent.

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12

Staroń, B., and W. Kolasiński. "Growth mechanism of sodium-cadmium formate from aqueous solution." Crystal Research and Technology 22, no. 11 (1987): 1383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170221104.

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13

Kotel’nikova, M. V., and O. S. Kudryashova. "Solubility in the neopentylglycol-sodium formate-methanol-water system." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry 80, no. 11 (2006): 1780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024406110173.

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14

Zheng, Wenlong, Xiaoming Wu, and Yuming Huang. "Thermal Stability of Sodium Formate in Polymer Drilling Fluids." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 55, no. 2 (2019): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10553-019-01018-4.

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15

Bang, S. S., and D. Johnston. "Environmental Effects of Sodium Acetate/Formate Deicer, Ice Shear." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 35, no. 4 (1998): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900419.

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16

Chen, Zhi Gang, Rui Xue Zhang, Bo Zhang, and An Ping Wei. "Treatment of Sodium Formate Wastewater by Fenton Oxidation Process." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.627.

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In this study, in order to reduce the sodium formate concentration thereby reducing toxicity, the treatment of this wastewater by Fenton process was investigated. The effects of initial PH value, reaction time, concentration of FeSO4• 7H2O, and H2O2 dosage on the removal efficiency of COD were studied respectively. The experiment results show that when using Fenton oxidization pretreatment process, with pH 2.0, FeSO4•7H2O concentration 4000mg/L, H2O2(30 % ) portion 4ml/L, and reaction time 20min, COD removal efficiency was more than 50%, oxidization efficiency was good.

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17

Gesek, F. A., and P. A. Friedman. "Sodium entry mechanisms in distal convoluted tubule cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 268, no. 1 (1995): F89—F98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1995.268.1.f89.

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Sodium transport across apical membranes of distal convoluted tubules is thought to be mediated by Na-Cl cotransport and conductive Na entry. Immortalized mouse distal convoluted tubule cells were used to characterize Na entry pathways. Chlorothiazide, an inhibitor of Na-Cl cotransport, and amiloride, which blocks epithelial Na channels, reduced ouabain-suppressible oxygen consumption by 40 and 35%, respectively. In simple buffer solutions, free of bicarbonate, phosphate, or formate, chlorothiazide inhibited Na uptake by 44% and Cl uptake by 48%. Michaelis constants of 21 mM for Na and 14 mM for chloride were calculated. Amiloride inhibited Na uptake by 49% and had no effect on Cl uptake. The calculated Hill coefficient of 1.07 and the equivalence of chlorothiazide-sensitive Na and Cl uptake are consistent with the presence of Na-Cl cotransport. Na-Cl cotransport and amiloride-sensitive Na influx account for 85% of Na entry in distal convoluted tubule cells in the absence of phosphate and formate. The selective Na/H exchange inhibitor ethylisopropyl amiloride had no effect on Na uptake; however, it abolished formate-stimulated Na uptake. The anion exchange blocker 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS) inhibited Na uptake. These findings are consistent with parallel Na/H and Cl/formate exchange. Na uptake was inhibited 8% by the selective Na/Ca exchange inhibitor, dimethylbenzamil. An additional 7% of Na entry was phosphate dependent and was abolished by phosphonoformic acid, a competitive inhibitor of Na-Pi cotransport. In summary, the majority of Na entry into distal convoluted tubule cells occurs through Na-Cl cotransport and an amiloride-sensitive pathway (75% in presence of phosphate and formate). An additional 13% may enter by Na/H exchange, with the remainder mediated by Na/Ca exchange and Na-Pi cotransport.

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18

Trzaskos, Mateusz Piotr, and Alex Klein-Paste. "Effect of Temperature and Prewetting for Ice Penetration with Sodium Formate." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 6 (2020): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120917974.

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Granular sodium formate (NaCOOH) is a popular deicer used at airports. It is mainly used to weaken compacted snow/ice and thereby facilitate mechanical ice removal. Earlier research has developed a set of methods quantifying deicer performance, but linking these test results to operational guidelines is difficult. The main objective of this study is to increase the knowledge of how temperature and prewetting affect the ice penetration performance of granular sodium formate. A new method to evaluate the development of ice penetration process is presented here. Ice penetration tests were performed with single grains on large, optically clear ice cubes, and digital image analysis is used to quantify the initial waiting time, penetration rate and –depth, and melted volume. Eighteen tests including dry and prewetted sodium formate grains were performed at three different temperatures (–2°C, −5°C, and −10°C). Prewetting reduced the initial waiting time (the time it takes before the particles started to penetrate) by a few minutes at −10°C, but at higher temperatures, this reduction was insignificant. The particles penetrated the ice at a constant rate. At −10°C, the particles penetrated at 10–15 mm/hour, while at −2°C this speed is about five times higher. Prewetting does not seem to have a clear beneficial effect on the penetration rate. Suggestions are given on how to capture the results from this study into operational guidelines for deicing operations at airports, using sodium formate as deicer.

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19

Neacsa, Ana, Dan Macarovici, and Vasile Cerghizan. "Study Concerning the Qualitative Improvement of Formic Acid and Sodium Formate." Revista de Chimie 59, no. 1 (2008): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.1.1702.

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The technical grade formic acid containing iron ions under the maximum limits (0,015 % Fe) presents sometimes a pink colour affecting the quality. In order to eliminate this colour the formic acid solution was passed through several absorbents. Among those, the best proved to be the cationite C 100 H. The pink colour dissapears at an iron content below 0,002% Fe. The crystalline powder of the technical grade sodium formate become agglomerate by the absorbtion of the atmospheric humidity. This phenomenon may be prevented by covering the crystals with a sodium stearate film (0,5 � 0,1 % sodium stearate), achieved in certain conditions.

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20

Li, Wenqi, Shuai Zhou, Yuan Xue, Young-Jin Lee, Ryan Smith, and Xianglan Bai. "Understanding Low-Pressure Hydropyrolysis of Lignin Using Deuterated Sodium Formate." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 5, no. 10 (2017): 8939–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01748.

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21

Fischer, Andrea, Gerhard Eggert, Robert Dinnebier, and Tomče Runčevski. "When Glass and Metal Corrode Together, V: Sodium Copper Formate." Studies in Conservation 63, no. 6 (2017): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393630.2017.1359472.

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22

Mousavi, S. M., P. Zamankhan, and A. Jafari. "Computer simulations of sodium formate solution in a mixing tank." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 13, no. 2 (2008): 380–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2006.05.002.

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23

Dhayade, Sandeep, Matthias Pietzke, Robert Wiesheu, et al. "Impact of Formate Supplementation on Body Weight and Plasma Amino Acids." Nutrients 12, no. 8 (2020): 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082181.

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Current nutritional recommendations are focused on energy, fat, carbohydrate, protein and vitamins. Less attention has been paid to the nutritional demand of one-carbon units for nucleotide and methionine synthesis. Here, we investigated the impact of sodium formate supplementation as a nutritional intervention to increase the dietary intake of one-carbon units. A cohort of six female and six male mice received 125 mM of sodium formate in the drinking water for three months. A control group of another six female and six male mice was also followed up for the same period of time. Tail vein blood samples were collected once a month and profiled with a haematology analyser. At the end of the study, blood and tissues were collected for metabolomics analysis and immune cell profiling. Formate supplementation had no significant physiological effect on male mice, except for a small decrease in body weight. Formate supplementation had no significant effect on the immune cell counts during the intervention or at the end of the study in either gender. In female mice, however, the body weight and spleen wet weight were significantly increased by formate supplementation, while the blood plasma levels of amino acids were decreased. Formate supplementation also increased the frequency of bifidobacteria, a probiotic bacterium, in the stools of female mice. We conclude that formate supplementation induces physiological changes in a gender-specific manner.

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24

MUELLER, K., K. J. RANGE, and A. M. HEYNS. "ChemInform Abstract: Alkali Metal Formates. Part 5. The Crystal Structure of Sodium Formate Dihydrate, NaHCO2×2 H2O." ChemInform 26, no. 2 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199502005.

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25

Petrovic, Snezana, Sharon Barone, Alan M. Weinstein, and Manoocher Soleimani. "Activation of the apical Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 by formate: a basis of enhanced fluid and electrolyte reabsorption by formate in the kidney." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 287, no. 2 (2004): F336—F346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00400.2003.

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Formate stimulates sodium chloride and fluid reabsorption in kidney proximal tubule; however, the exact cellular mechanism of this effect remains unknown. We hypothesized that the primary target of formate is the apical Na+/H+ exchanger. Here, we demonstrate that formate directly enhances the apical Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE3) activity in mouse kidney proximal tubule. In the absence of CO2/HCO3−, addition of formate (500 μM) to the bath and lumen of microperfused mouse kidney proximal tubule caused significant intracellular alkalinization, with intracellular pH (pHi) increasing from baseline levels 7.17 ± 0.01 to 7.55 ± 0.01 ( P < 0.001, n = 14), with a ΔpH of 0.38 ± 0.02. Removal of luminal chloride did not block cell pH alkalinization by formate (baseline pH of 7.26 ± 0.01 to 7.53 ± 0.01 with formate, P < 0.001, n = 10), indicating that the apical Cl−/OH− exchanger was not the primary mediator of the effect of formate on cell pH. However, removal of sodium from the lumen or addition of EIPA completely prevented cell pH alkalinization. Addition of formate to the lumen and bath in the outer medullary collecting duct, which does not express any apical Na+/H+ exchanger, did not cause any cell pH alkalinization. At lower concentrations (50 μM), formate caused significant pHi alkalinization in proximal tubule cells, with pHi increasing from baseline levels 7.15 ± 0.02 to 7.36 ± 0.02 ( P < 0.02, n = 11). Acetate, at 50 μM, had no effect on pHi. Formate’s effect was observed both in the absence and presence of CO2/HCO3− in the media. We conclude that formate stimulates the apical Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 in the kidney proximal tubule. We propose that formate stimulation of chloride reabsorption in the proximal tubule is indirect and is secondary to the activation of apical Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3, which then leads to the stimulation of the apical chloride/base exchanger.

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26

Pan, Bing Suo, and Yang Yang. "A High-Speed Nickel Plating Bath for Manufacture of Diamond Tools." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.68.

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To increase the manufacture efficiency of electroplated diamond tools, a nickel plating solution containing ammonium sulphate and sodium formate was investigated. The effects of concentration of ammonium sulphate, sodium formate and pH value on throwing power, covering power, ability to resist Cu2+ contamination and deposit microhardness were studied. Surface topography of deposits was also observed by SEM. Compared to watts bath, the plating solution studied is advantageous in terms of the performance of plating solution, deposit hardness and diamond bit behavior. Ammonium sulphate can refine deposit crystal grains and result in crystal form change.

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27

Zhao, Liuchen, Hui Zhang, Wanxu Wang, and Guoyong Wang. "Effects of sodium salicylate on didecyldimethylammonium formate properties and aggregation behaviors." Journal of Molecular Liquids 225 (January 2017): 897–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.019.

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28

Zhu, Mengping. "Transfer hydrogenative reductive amination of aldehydes in aqueous sodium formate solution." Tetrahedron Letters 57, no. 4 (2016): 509–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.12.072.

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29

Gismonti, Pedro Rosário, Jéssica Frontino Paulino, and Julio Afonso. "RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ELECTROACTIVE COMPONENTS OF SPENT Ni-MH BATTERIES AFTER LEACHING WITH FORMIC ACID." Detritus, no. 14 (March 31, 2021): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2021.14063.

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this work describes a route for recovering nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc and lanthanides from spent nickel-metal hydride batteries. Formic acid was used as leachant. Experiments were run at 25-50°C for 1-4 h. Under the best conditions leaching yields surpassed 99 wt.%, except for iron. The insoluble matter contains almost solely iron as iron(III) basic formate. The leachate went through six separation procedures, combining solvent extraction with D2EHPA as extractant, and precipitation reactions. Fe2+ and Zn2+ were extracted together (> 99 wt.%) from the original leachate (pH ~1.5). Yttrium and lanthanides were precipitated as oxalates directly from the raffinate (> 99.9 wt.%) upon addition of sodium oxalate. In the next steps, Mn2+ and Co2+ were extracted with D2EHPA at buffered pH (3 and ~4.8, respectively), after adding NaOHaq. About 10 wt.% of leached Ni2+ was coextracted with Co2+. The remaining Ni2+ was precipitated from the raffinate after addition of aqueous sodium oxalate at pH 6. After precipitation of Al3+ upon addition of NaOHaq. until pH ~8, sodium formate was recovered after slow evaporation of the final aqueous solution at 60oC. It contains ~90 wt.% of the formate present in the leachant.

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30

Kovanda, Lauren, Wen Zhang, Xiaohong Wei, et al. "In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Organic Acids and Their Derivatives on Several Species of Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria." Molecules 24, no. 20 (2019): 3770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24203770.

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The objective of this study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of several organic acids and their derivatives against Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G−) bacteria. Butyric acid, valeric acid, monopropionin, monobutyrin, monovalerin, monolaurin, sodium formate, and ProPhorce—a mixture of sodium formate and formic acid (40:60 w/v)—were tested at 8 to 16 concentrations from 10 to 50,000 mg/L. The tested bacteria included G− bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, and Campylobacter jejuni) and G+ bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus suis). Antimicrobial activity was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tested compounds that prevented growth of tested bacteria in treated culture broth. The MICs of butyric acid, valeric acid, and ProPhorce varied among bacterial strains with the lowest MIC of 500–1000 mg/L on two strains of Campylobacter. Sodium formate at highest tested concentrations (20,000 mg/L) did not inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Enterococcus faecalis, but sodium formate inhibited the growth of other tested bacteria with MIC values from 2000 to 18,800 mg/L. The MIC values of monovalerin, monolaurin, and monobutyrin ranged from 2500 to 15,000 mg/L in the majority of bacterial strains. Monopropionin did not inhibit the growth of all tested bacteria, with the exception that the MIC of monopropionin was 11,300 mg/L on Clostridia perfringens. Monolaurin strongly inhibited G+ bacteria, with the MIC value of 10 mg/L against Streptococcus pneumoniae. The MIC tests indicated that organic acids and their derivatives exhibit promising antimicrobial effects in vitro against G− and G+ bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobial drugs. The acid forms had stronger in vitro antimicrobial activities than ester forms, except that the medium chain fatty acid ester monolaurin exhibited strong inhibitory effects on G+ bacteria.

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31

Wang, T., A. L. Egbert, T. Abbiati, P. S. Aronson, and G. Giebisch. "Mechanisms of stimulation of proximal tubule chloride transport by formate and oxalate." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 271, no. 2 (1996): F446—F450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1996.271.2.f446.

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We have previously demonstrated that formate and oxalate stimulate volume absorption in the rat proximal tubule, consistent with Cl-/formate and Cl-/oxalate exchange process across the apical membrane. To sustain Cl- absorption by these processes requires mechanisms for recycling formate and oxalate from lumen to cell. The aims of the present study were to characterize these mechanisms of formate and oxalate recycling. Proximal tubules and peritubular capillaries were simultaneously microperfused in the rat kidney in situ. Serum formate concentration was determined to be 56.5 +/- 7.7 microM. Addition of 5, 50, and 500 microM formate to both luminal and capillary perfusates significantly increased net Cl- absorption (Jcl) by 26, 26, and 46%, respectively. Jcl was stimulated 38% by 1 microM oxalate added to the perfusates. Removal of sulfate completely prevented the stimulation of Jcl by 1 microM oxalate but had no effect on the stimulation of Jcl by formate. Luminal addition of the Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor ethylisopropylamiloride completely blocked the stimulation of Jcl by 50 microM formate but had no effect on stimulation by oxalate. We conclude that physiological concentrations of formate and oxalate markedly stimulate Cl- and fluid absorption in the rat proximal convoluted tubule. Whereas formate recycling most likely involves Na+/H+ exchange in parallel with H(+)-coupled formate entry, oxalate recycling involves sodium-sulfate cotransport in parallel with sulfate/oxalate exchange.

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32

De Lucas, Antonio, Marina Donate, and Juan F. Rodríguez. "Vapor Pressures, Densities, and Viscosities of the (Water + Lithium Bromide + Sodium Formate) System and (Water + Lithium Bromide + Potassium Formate) System." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 48, no. 1 (2003): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je010312x.

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33

De Lucas, A., M. Donate, and J. F. Rodríguez. "Vapor Pressures, Densities, and Viscosities of the (Water + Lithium Bromide + Sodium Formate) System and (Water + Lithium Bromide + Potassium Formate) System." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 48, no. 3 (2003): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je030479l.

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Jaime-Ferrer, J. S., E. Couallier, P. Viers, and M. Rakib. "Two-compartment bipolar membrane electrodialysis for splitting of sodium formate into formic acid and sodium hydroxide: Modelling." Journal of Membrane Science 328, no. 1-2 (2009): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.10.058.

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Achkeeva, M. V., N. V. Romanyuk, E. A. Frolova, D. F. Kondakov, D. M. Khomyakov, and V. P. Danilov. "Deicing properties of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium chlorides, sodium formate and salt compositions on their basis." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 49, no. 4 (2015): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579515040028.

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Zafarani-Moattar, Mohammed Taghi, and Sh Hamzehzadeh. "Liquid–liquid equilibria of aqueous two-phase systems containing polyethylene glycol and sodium succinate or sodium formate." Calphad 29, no. 1 (2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2005.01.004.

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Chen, Zhengwang, Huiying Zeng, Hang Gong, Haining Wang, and Chao-Jun Li. "Palladium-catalyzed reductive coupling of phenols with anilines and amines: efficient conversion of phenolic lignin model monomers and analogues to cyclohexylamines." Chemical Science 6, no. 7 (2015): 4174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc00941c.

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Onwudili, Jude A., and Paul T. Williams. "Hydrothermal reactions of sodium formate and sodium acetate as model intermediate products of the sodium hydroxide-promoted hydrothermal gasification of biomass." Green Chemistry 12, no. 12 (2010): 2214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0gc00547a.

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Wang, Xiangqin, Chunlin Shao, Jianming Yao, and Zengliang Yu. "Mass and energy deposition effects of implanted ions on solid sodium formate." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 59, no. 1 (2000): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-806x(99)00519-8.

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Logan, Margaret E., and Mark E. Oinen. "Dechlorination of Aryl Chlorides with Sodium Formate Using a Homogeneous Palladium Catalyst." Organometallics 25, no. 4 (2006): 1052–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om0507732.

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Khodaei, Mohammad M., Abdolhamid Alizadeh, and Hadis Afshar Hezarkhani. "Simple Formylation of Aromatic Compounds Using a Sodium Formate/Triphenylphosphine Ditriflate System." Chemistry Letters 46, no. 6 (2017): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.170152.

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Zhao, Guoying, and Ferenc Joó. "Free formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in sodium formate solutions." Catalysis Communications 14, no. 1 (2011): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2011.07.017.

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Maurya, B. P., A. Punnoose, M. Umar, and R. J. Singh. "EPR and optical studies of VO2+ ions in sodium formate single crystal." Solid State Communications 89, no. 1 (1994): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(94)90418-9.

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Tang, Weiyue, Tao Geng, Yajie Jiang, Hongbin Ju, and Yakui Wang. "Properties of Didecyldimethylammonium Formate and Sodium Fatty Alcohol Ether Carboxylate Mixed Systems." Journal of Surfactants and Detergents 19, no. 2 (2015): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11743-015-1781-8.

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Zhou, Dunfan, Meng Yu, Yaping Fan, et al. "Sodium-induced solid-phase hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formate by mechanochemistry." Environmental Chemistry Letters 18, no. 3 (2020): 905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-00974-2.

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Hervieux, V., E. S. Yaganza, J. Arul, and R. J. Tweddell. "Effect of Organic and Inorganic Salts on the Development of Helminthosporium solani, the Causal Agent of Potato Silver Scurf." Plant Disease 86, no. 9 (2002): 1014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.9.1014.

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Potato silver scurf, caused by Helminthosporium solani, is an important postharvest disease of economic significance. Control of H. solani has been accomplished primarily by postharvest applications of thiabendazole. However, many strains of H. solani have become resistant to thiabendazole, resulting in failure of disease control. Consequently, alternative control strategies are needed. This study showed that several salts significantly reduced silver scurf development on potato tuber at a concentration of 0.2 M and that the timing of application also influenced salt efficacy. Among the 23 tested salts, aluminum chloride was the only one reducing silver scurf severity when applied either 2, 4, or 7 days after H. solani inoculation. Aluminum lactate, potassium sorbate, sodium carbonate, sodium metabisulfite, and trisodium phosphate also markedly reduced silver scurf severity but only when applied 2 or 4 days after inoculation. Ammonium acetate, calcium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium citrate, and sodium formate reduced disease severity by at least 50% when applied 2 days after H. solani inoculation. With the exception of calcium chloride and sodium formate, these salts also were shown to strongly inhibit H. solani mycelial growth or spore germination in vitro. Results of this study further demonstrate the possibility of using selected salts for the control of potato silver scurf.

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Nguyen, Huong T. H., and Loi H. Do. "Organoiridium–quinone conjugates for facile hydrogen peroxide generation." Chemical Communications 56, no. 87 (2020): 13381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04970k.

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Frolova, E. A., D. F. Kondakov, V. V. Nikolaev, O. P. Tin’gaev, and V. P. Danilov. "Phase equilibria in the sodium formate–potassium formate–water system below 0°c and the anti-icing properties of salt compositions." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 49, no. 5 (2015): 719–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s004057951505005x.

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Huang, Yanyan, Mitsu Suyemoto, Cherilyn D. Garner, Kellie M. Cicconi, and Craig Altier. "Formate Acts as a Diffusible Signal To Induce Salmonella Invasion." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 12 (2008): 4233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00205-08.

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ABSTRACT To infect an animal host, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium must penetrate the intestinal epithelial barrier. This process of invasion requires a type III secretion system encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island I (SPI1). We found that a mutant with deletions of the acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase genes (ackA-pta) was deficient in invasion and SPI1 expression but that invasion gene expression was completely restored by supplying medium conditioned by growth of the wild-type strain, suggesting that a signal produced by the wild type, but not by the ackA-pta mutant, was required for invasion. This mutant also excreted 68-fold-less formate into the culture medium, and the addition of sodium formate to cultures restored both the expression of SPI1 and the invasion of cultured epithelial cells by the mutant. The effect of formate was pH dependent, requiring a pH below neutrality, and studies in mice showed that the distal ileum, the preferred site of Salmonella invasion in this species, had the appropriate formate concentration and pH to elicit invasion, while the cecum contained no detectable formate. Furthermore, we found that formate affected the major regulators of SPI1, hilA and hilD, but that the primary routes of formate metabolism played no role in its activity as a signal.

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Xi, Xiaoxiang, Tieqiao Chen, Ji-Shu Zhang, and Li-Biao Han. "Efficient and selective hydrogenation of C–O bonds with a simple sodium formate catalyzed by nickel." Chemical Communications 54, no. 12 (2018): 1521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc08709h.

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A Ni-catalyzed hydrogenation of C–O compounds with sodium formate is developed. Various esters, i.e. aryl, alkenyl, benzyl pivalates, and even the aryl ethers, were efficiently reduced with a loading of nickel catalysts down to 0.5 mol%.

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