Books: 'Formation comparée'

7

J, Prais S., ed. From school to productive work: Britain and Switzerland compared. Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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8

Carolina, Gonçalves, and Groux Dominique, eds. Approches comparées de l'enseignement des langues et de la formation des enseignants: Actes du 7ème colloque international de l'AFDECE, Lisbonne, 3 et 4 novembre 2008. L'Harmattan, 2009.

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9

Vasil'eva, Marianna, Natal'ya Mirzabekova, and Elena Sidel'nikova. German for students of Economics. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018051.

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The aim of the textbook is the formation of skills and abilities in different types of reading, writing and speaking in German. Contains 12 lessons, the application, consisting of 12 texts for independent reading, German-Russian dictionary and a concise dictionary of foreign terms. Covers a wide range of economic topics based on the requirements of state educational standard of higher professional education. The text is taken from German literature and are provided with exercises based on the communicative approach. Compared to the 4th edition (Moscow: Alfa-M: INFRA-M, 2018) some of the lyrics are updated. Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students of higher educational institutions, students of economic specialties.

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10

Schaefer-Simmeren, Henry. Consciousness of artistic form: A comparison of the visual, gestalt art formations of children, adolescents, and layman adults with historical art, folk art, and aboriginal art. Edited by Schaefer-Simmern Gertrude, Abrahamson Roy E, and Fein Sylvia. Gertrude Schaefer-Simmern Trust, 2003.

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11

R, Doornbos Martin, and Kaviraj Sudipta, eds. Dynamics of state formation: India and Europe compared. Sage, 1997.

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12

Steedman, H. Recent trends in engineering and construction skill formation: UK and Germany compared. London School of Economics and Political Science, 1997.

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13

Schlieter, Jens. The Formation of Near-Death Experiences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888848.003.0003.

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Raymond A. Moody had been introduced to experiences near death by George G. Ritchie. The latter had reported of an experience in which he had encountered Christ. This chapter discusses Moody’s first book of 1975, its motivation and motives, and compares Moody’s description of systematized “near-death experiences” with Johann C. Hampe’s systematic account of the same year, characteristic for the continental discourse on experiences of the dying, which was equally interested in the spiritual significance of the reports.

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14

Ross G, Anderson. Ch.2 Formation and authority of agents, Formation II: Arts 2.1.6–2.1.14—Acceptance, Art.2.1.13. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0029.

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This commentary focuses on Article 2.1.13 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the conclusion of a contract. Art 2.1.13 deals with two separate aspects of formation during pre-contractual negotiations: agreement on specific matters of content, and agreement is concluded only if the agreement is concluded in a specific form. Where in the course of negotiations one of the parties insists that the contract is not concluded until there is agreement on specific matters or in a particular form, no contract is concluded before agreement is reached on those matters or in that form. This commentary compares conditional contracts and fundamental prerequisites and concludes with a discussion of particular formalities relating to the conclusion of a contract.

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15

Ophir, Adi, and Ishay Rosen-Zvi. Gentiles Are Not Barbarians. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744900.003.0009.

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This chapter compares the Jew-goy distinction to another binary opposition functioning in Mediterranean antiquity, usually considered both older and similar: the Greek-barbarian one. After following the traces that this contrast has left in Jewish texts, primarily in Paul and in Tannaitic literature, the chapter compares and contrasts these two discursive formations, shedding light on the uniqueness of the Jew-goy distinction. With the aid of new studies on the concept of “barbarians” in classical Greece and Hellenistic cultures it reconstructs the relationship between the two oppositions and their different functions. Unlike the barbarian, which exists in shifting discursive, legal, and ideological terrains and is always open for negotiations, the goy remains a closed and stable rabbinic formation, a perfect performative reflection of their discursive strategies and structure of separation.

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16

Wong, Ting-Hong. Hegemonies Compared: State Formation and Chinese School Politics in Postwar Singapore and Hong Kong. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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17

Cornelissen, Joep, Mirjam Werner, and S. Alexander Haslam. Bridging and Integrating Theories on Organizational Identity. Edited by Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.17.

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We review the existing literature on organizational identity and compare and contrast different theoretical perspectives, including social constructionist, social actor, and social identity theories. We argue that these perspectives can be usefully compared, and in turn integrated, by identifying the root metaphors, or images, of identity that form their theoretical base. By taking this approach, we are able to connect strands of organizational identity scholarship and identify possibilities for a greater cross-fertilization and integration between them. We in turn propose an integrative process model that describes key processes and outcomes of organizational identity formation and change, from a social interactionist perspective, and which provides a viable theoretical framework for further research.

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18

(Editor), Martin Doornbos, and Sudipta Kaviraj (Editor), eds. Dynamics of State Formation: India and Europe Compared (Indo-Dutch Studies on Development Alternatives series). Sage Publications Pvt. Ltd, 1998.

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19

Hegemonies Compared: State Formation and Chinese School Politics in Postwar Singapore and Hong Kong (Reference Books in International Education). RoutledgeFalmer, 2002.

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20

Lowenstam, Heinz A., and Stephen Weiner. On Biomineralization. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195049770.001.0001.

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Focusing on the basic principles of mineral formation by organisms, this comprehensive volume explores questions that relate to a wide variety of fields, from biology and biochemistry, to paleontology, geology, and medical research. Preserved fossils are used to date geological deposits and archaeological artifacts. Materials scientists investigate mineralized tissues to determine the design principles used by organisms to form strong materials. Many medical problems are also associated with normal and pathological mineralization. Lowenstam, the pioneer researcher in biomineralization, and Weiner discuss the basic principles of mineral formation by organisms and compare various mineralization processes. Reference tables listing all known cases in which organisms form minerals are included.

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21

Masuoka, Natalie. Implications of Racial Identity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657468.003.0005.

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This chapter compares the political attitudes of multiracial-identified individuals to those of whites, blacks, and Latinos. It begins by offering three different arguments that explain the political attitude development of multiracial individuals, which are labeled assimilation, racial formation, and group identity. The chapter compares attitudes of the four groups on measures of racial attitudes, partisanship, and public policies. The chapter also considers how multiracial attitudes might differ depending on the multiracial respondent’s racial combination (e.g., white-black vs. white-Asian) and assesses the extent to which there exists attitudinal variation within the multiracial population when accounting for multiracial respondents’ described racial combination.

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22

Henderson, Deborah J., Bill Chaudhry, and José Luis de la Pompa. Development of the arterial valves. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0018.

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The arterial valves guarding the entrances to the aorta and pulmonary trunk have many similarities to the mitral and tricuspid valves in the atrioventricular region of the heart. Despite these similarities, there are significant differences in the formation and structure of the arterial and atrioventricular valves. The most fundamental of these relate to the lineage origins of the cells forming the primitive cushions. Although the fate of the different lineages remains unclear, each makes a permanent contribution to the mature valve. Arterial valve formation is intrinsically linked to cushion formation and outflow tract septation; therefore abnormalities in these processes have a profound impact on development of the valve leaflets. In this chapter we highlight the main differences in the development and structure of the arterial valves, compared with the atrioventricular valves, show how abnormalities in these developmental processes can result in arterial valve anomalies, and discuss controversies within the literature.

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23

Schmalzbauer, John A. Campus Ministry. Edited by Michael D. Waggoner and Nathan C. Walker. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199386819.013.35.

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This chapter discusses the life and work of Catholic and Protestant campus ministers, paying special attention to their backgrounds and demographics, training and formation, goals and priorities, core job activities, and career satisfaction. Drawing on the National Study of Campus Ministries, as well as previous studies, it compares Christian campus ministers to their predecessors in the 1950s and 1960s. Conducted between 2002 and 2008, the NSCM is the most comprehensive study of campus ministry in four decades. Surveying campus ministers in six denominations, two parachurch organizations, and eighty-eight private colleges, it provides a portrait of a changing profession. Like many American congregations, campus ministry has experienced the processes of feminization, diversification, and laicization. Emphasizing spiritual formation and personal mentoring, it remains a student-centered occupation.

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24

Succi, Sauro. Lattice Boltzmann for Non-Ideal Fluids. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0027.

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This chapter deals with the extension of the LB methodology to the case of non-ideal fluids, i.e., fluids in which potential energy can no longer be neglected as compared to kinetic energy. The macroscopic consequences are major, primarily phase-transitions and attendant interface formation, which lie at the heart of the physics of multiphase and multicomponent flows, a branch of the physics of fluids with numerous applications in modern science and engineering.

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25

Sepúlveda, Jovanny, ed. Interdisciplinariedad, pedagogía y proyectos formativos. CUA - Medellin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.52441/edu202003.

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La comunicación de la ciencia, en sí misma no es ciencia, pero sí contribuye a ella y a la difusión del conocimiento. ¿Por qué publicamos? Primero porque la investigación científica hoy es epistemología + metodología + tecnología+ comunicación del conocimiento, lo que también plantea la importancia de la gestión del conocimiento. La ciencia hoy no se hace para que se quede en informes o anaqueles, sino para que pueda ser difundida, utilizada y apropiada por otros. La publicación es un paso de puesta en validación en el medio, entre pares o entre beneficiarios finales de los resultados del proceso de investigación, y por tanto, de la gestión del conocimiento iniciada con un proyecto en su momento. La publicación hace visibles los hallazgos, pero también los nuevos saberes, las nuevas ideas, las nuevas explicaciones, los nuevos objetos dentro de la cultura de lo humano. La ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación, como prácticas sociales -tal como lo expresa el prólogo- son además actividades culturales que buscan ser visibles, hacerse públicas para dar pie a una función social y cognitiva más profunda: generar trascendencia del saber humano en la historia. Las publicaciones son solo piezas retóricas de un quehacer mucho más comprometedor: motivar nuevos procesos de búsqueda, nuevos procesos cognitivos en otros. Y es que como dice Bruno Latour (2017), hacer ciencia tiene mucho de ejercicio político y de ejercicio cultural en nuestras sociedades contemporáneas. Los científicos contemporáneos desde su función social, plantean -no todos, pero sí los más conscientes- la batalla contra la dictadura del beneficio (la rentabilidad económica de la ciencia que se inculcó durante el siglo XX), a partir de la libertad y la gratuidad del conocimiento y la investigación. Publicar, y mucho más volver al libro como dispositivo de comunicación, motiva un conocer diferente, un conocer desde el deseo de entregar como acto generoso lo aprendido. La ciencia en la antigüedad, como lo plantea Ordine (2013), nace de la curiosidad y de la admiración. Son los fenómenos de lo cotidiano, de lo común, los que mueven a los primeros filósofos a generar saber. El estudio, como dice Ordine es en primer lugar adquisición de conocimientos que “sin vínculo utilitarista alguno, nos hacen crecer y nos vuelven autónomos” (p. 45). Así pues, el estudio y la investigación están motivados por la gratuidad de la admiración del mundo y de la realización del ser humano en su proceso de búsqueda de sabiduría. Aquí cabe retomar a Poincaré (1904 citado por Ordine, 2013): El hombre de ciencia no estudia la naturaleza porque sea útil; la estudia porque encuentra placer, y encuentra placer porque es bella. Si la naturaleza no fuera bella, no valdría la pena conocerla, ni valdría la pena vivir la vida. No hablo aquí, entendámoslo bien, de esta belleza que impresiona los sentidos, de la belleza de las cualidades y de las apariencias; no es que la desdeñe, lejos de ahí, pero no tiene nada que ver con la ciencia. Quiero hablar de esa belleza, más íntima, que proviene del orden armonioso de las partes y que solo una inteligencia pura puede comprender. Por así decirlo es ella la que da un cuerpo, un esqueleto a las halagadoras apariencias que embellecen nuestros sentidos, y sin este soporte, la belleza de estos sueños fugitivos sería imperfecta, porque sería indecisa y huiría siempre (p. 61). Y finaliza Ordine: Hay que saber poner la mira en “la belleza intelectual” que “se basta a sí misma”. Por ella sola, “más quizá que por el bien futuro de la humanidad”, “el hombre de ciencia se condena a largos y penosos trabajos” (p. 21). Sin este laborioso y desinteresado esfuerzo, sería realmente difícil pensar en hacerse mejores (p. 61). Los autores de la presente compilación han comprendido esta belleza intelectual desde los saberes y disciplinas más diversos: la antropología pedagógica, la educación, la psicología, la comunicación. Si bien el eje central es la educación y este libro se enmarca en una visión de educación desde diferentes intereses, el origen de nuestros autores es variado y multidisciplinar, como podrá evidenciar el lector en las siguientes páginas. La educación, es una práctica cultural propia de nuestras sociedades occidentales que debe hacer visibles sus reflexiones desde la perspectiva científica. La capacidad de sistematización de lo aprendido en el aula, del proceso de conocimiento desde los niveles más básicos hasta los más avanzados, es la clave de una producción científica desde el campo formativo. Hoy encontramos esa evidencia de las búsquedas, de las comprensiones, de las iniciativas de realización del ser humano en muchos de los apartados de estos textos que los autores comparten con nosotros.

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26

Ophir, Adi, and Ishay Rosen-Zvi. Paul and the Non-Ethnic Ethnē. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198744900.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 singles out one author, the apostle Paul, who offers a novel understanding of the biblical goyim. The chapter goes against the scholarly consensus, according to which Paul simply borrowed his binary distinction between Jews and ethnē from a Jewish tradition. It shows that despite scattered cases in 1 and 2 Maccabees, in which goy is used to refer to indefinite groups of individuals, no such tradition existed. While these texts still preserve the political context of the biblical ethnē, Paul’s ethnē is totally individualized, stripped from any ethnic context. Thus, in Paul’s writing, one finds the first systematic use of a generalized, abstract category of the Jew’s Other. The chapter explains what could have led Paul to develop this discursive formation and discusses the implications. It also considers various ideas about Jews’ others in nascent Christianity and compares them to the rabbinic formation of the goy.

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27

Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo. A Global Network. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782810.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 (‘A Global Network’) offers a quantitative analysis to compare and contrast the dispersion of ATMs across different European, North American, and Asian countries. It also continues with the theme of networks while explaining the role of payment card companies to enable global access to liquid funds. There is no single global ATM network but a collection of individual, country-based providers that use alternative switches to enable the communication between one ATM and the customer’s bank. Reference is made to the politics within banking organizations, shared networks, and card companies which, in a way, led to a snail pace in the formation of the global network.

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28

Duranton, Gilles, and William Kerr. The Logic of Agglomeration. Edited by Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, and Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.14.

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This chapter discusses frontier topics in economic geography as they relate to firms and agglomeration economies. The chapter focuses on areas where empirical research is scarce but possible. The chapter first outlines a conceptual framework for city formation that allows us to contemplate what empiricists might study when using firm-level data to compare the functioning of cities and industries with each other. The chapter then examines a second model of the internal structure of a cluster to examine possibilities with firm-level data for better exposing the internal operations of clusters. An overwhelming theme of the review is the vast scope for enhancements of our picture of agglomeration with the new data that are emerging.

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29

Schlieter, Jens. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888848.003.0005.

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This introduction to the historical part outlines how earlier work on “near-death experiences” by Carol Zaleski, Peter Dinzelbacher, or Gregory Shushan took modern near-death experiences as a homogeneous group of phenomena that can be directly compared with ancient and medieval visions of the otherworld. Significantly, the configuration of experiences near death in the 18th, 19th, and the first half of the 20th centuries has mostly been skipped. Pointing to the necessity of including the formation period of modern near-death discourse, the chapter highlights the shortcomings of an approach that takes narratives of experiences as indicating transcultural traits.

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30

Motadel, David, Christof Dejung, and Jürgen Osterhammel. The Global Bourgeoisie. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691177342.001.0001.

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While the nineteenth century has been described as the golden age of the European bourgeoisie, the emergence of the middle class and bourgeois culture was by no means exclusive to Europe. This book explores the rise of the middle classes around the world during the age of empire. The book compares middle-class formation in various regions, highlighting differences and similarities, and assesses the extent to which bourgeois growth was tied to the increasing exchange of ideas and goods. It indicates that the middle class was from its very beginning, even in Europe, the result of international connections and entanglements. Chapters are grouped into six thematic sections: the political history of middle-class formation, the impact of imperial rule on the colonial middle class, the role of capitalism, the influence of religion, the obstacles to the middle class beyond the Western and colonial world, and, lastly, reflections on the creation of bourgeois cultures and global social history. Placing the establishment of middle-class society into historical context, the book shows how the triumph or destabilization of bourgeois values can shape the liberal world order. The book changes the understanding of how an important social class came to be.

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31

Alexandrowicz, C. H. Grotius and India (1954). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198766070.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the work of two European writers who made outstanding contributions to the formation of the law of nations: Franciscus de Vitoria, professor at the University of Salamanca (1480–1546) and Hugo Grotius (1533–1645). Grotius has been hitherto considered the father of the law of nations but this accolade seems to have shifted to Vitoria: pater semper est incertus. The first of Grotius’ main works which kept his paternity alive is Mare Liberum. However, Mare Liberum, if compared with Vitoria’s De Indis Noviter Inventis, reveals itself as a transposition of legal arguments of the Spanish school from the case of America versus Spain to the case of Asia versus Portugal.

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32

van Wijk, Bram, Phil Barnett, and Maurice J. B. van den Hoff. The developmental origin of myocardium at the venous pole of the heart. Edited by José Maria Pérez-Pomares, Robert G. Kelly, Maurice van den Hoff, et al. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757269.003.0008.

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The focus of this chapter is an evaluation of the developmental origin of the myocardial component of the venous pole. The venous pole has a complex morphological architecture, reflecting its embryological and evolutionary development from several component parts. We describe the developmental changes observed in the architecture of the inflow of the heart and the large vessels that drain into the venous pole. As the formation of the proepicardium and the epicardial-derived cells are intimately connected to the forming inflow, this topic will also be covered. We compare the development of the inflow in chicken, mouse, and human. We then review the results obtained using the two-component genetic mouse system Cre-LoxP with respect to the myocardial components added to the forming cardiac inflow. These data are discussed within the now discriminated first, second, and third heart fields.

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Rogers, Juliet, and Paul Dieppe. Palaeopathology of osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0002.

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Palaeopathology is the study of disease in the past. Various different types of data can be used, including literature, paintings, and sculpture. In addition, for the rheumatic diseases, skeletal remains offer a particularly rich source of information for the palaeopathologist. This chapter only discusses the skeletal palaeopathology of osteoarthritis (OA). OA leaves characteristic imprints on the skeleton, such as osteophytes and bony sclerosis, which survive death, burial, and the recovery of skeletons. This has allowed researchers to compare the prevalence and distribution of OA within and between joints in skeletal collections obtained from different ancient populations in various countries. The data have shown that while OA has been common in all human populations studied, the nature, prevalence, and intra-articular distribution of the disease in different joints have probably changed over time. A high prevalence of elbow OA has been observed in many collections of human skeletons, suggesting that this joint may be more prone to the disease than generally thought, but that it might remain asymptomatic in the majority of people affected. In addition, skeletal palaeopathologists have found an association between osteophyte formation and enthesophytes, suggesting that some people may have a predisposition to osteoarticular changes characterized by new bone formation. OA has also been described and studied in different primate and other animal skeletons, providing further fascinating insights into the condition.

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34

Behar Leiser, Olga Grace, Sandro Buitrago, Laura Marcela Echeverry Hernández, and Salomé Fajardo Ávila. Construyendo el futuro: Educomunicación y herramientas digitales para la resocialización de jóvenes infractores en el Centro de Formación Juvenil Buen Pastor. Editorial Universidad Santiago de Cali, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35985/9789585583108.

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Del proyecto de investigación “Estrategia Educomunicativa como Herramienta de Intervención para los Procesos de Resocialización de Adolescentes Infractores Recluidos en el Centro de Formación Juvenil Buen Pastor (Cali)”. En esta fase, el proyecto se denominó “Lineamientos para desarrollar procesos de resocialización con adolescentes infractores, con base en la experiencia del convenio USC - CFJ Buen Pastor (estrategia educomunicativa)”. Esta fase se ha iniciado con la recopilación de algunas experiencias de la Primera Fase, con el fin de analizarlas a través de una metodología de sistematización de información que permita determinar errores y aciertos y lograr una implementación sistemática a futuro en los procesos educomunicativos. Esta sistematización de experiencias es un aporte integral a quienes deseen replicar este formato. A su vez, se comparan experiencias de jóvenes en diferentes etapas del proceso de resocialización, para determinar los logros obtenidos en la Primera Fase del proyecto. Para lograr lo anterior, se abarcan tres etapas significativas que permiten evaluar y comparar las experiencias de la siguiente manera: • Primero, se aborda un nuevo grupo de jóvenes para identificar su apropiación de la herramienta de trabajo. • Segundo, se realizan actividades de recolección de información con adolescentes participantes de periodos anteriores, que aún se encuentran recluidos en el Buen Pastor. • Tercero, se realizarán actividades de recolección de información con adolescentes participantes de periodos anteriores, que ya obtuvieron su libertad.

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35

Hazarika, Manjil. The Archaeological Record. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474660.003.0005.

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This chapter elaborates the data and results of the explorations conducted in the Garbhanga Reserve Forest. The area has been intensively surveyed for the location of potential archaeological sites and the collection of ethnographic data in order to draw direct historical analogies. An ‘area-approach’ study has been conducted in order to formulate a general model for archaeological site structure, locations, geomorphic situations, and site formation processes that can be used for archaeological study in the hilly landscape of Northeast India. Present-day agricultural implements have been analysed and compared with Neolithic implements in order to reconstruct ancient farming culture by way of undertaking systematic study of modern peasant ways of life in the study area. The ideological significance of stone artefacts as ‘thunderstone’ in Northeast India and among the Karbis has also been discussed.

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Law, Ben M. F., Daniel T. L. Shek, and Rosemary L. Y. Liang. Volunteer Work Among Young Adults in Asia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0035.

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This chapter focuses on how the development of volunteerism among young adults in Asia has grown in the past decade. A boom in the development of volunteer work in some Asian countries has been observed since the beginning of the 21st century. We compare the prevalence and characteristics of volunteerism among young adults in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, and South Korea. The participation in general is sporadic rather than marking a long-term commitment among volunteers. We argue that to develop young adults’ volunteering in Asian context, the participation should be matched with young adults’ developmental issues. The volunteering opportunity should be job-related. More young adults would be interested in volunteering if it can contribute to an enhanced worldview formation and the generation of friendship or even romantic relationships. We also argue that the Asian cultural beliefs of family-centered collectivism may be a hindrance for helping nonfamily out-groups. Methods of enhancing participation are discussed.

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37

Kellner, Menachem. Dogma in Medieval Jewish Thought. Liverpool University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113218.001.0001.

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This is a book on history of ideas which traces the development of creed formation in Judaism from its inception with Moses Maimonides (1138–1204) to the beginning of the sixteenth century when systematic attention to the problem disappeared from the agenda of Jewish intellectuals. The dogmatic systems of Maimonides, Duran, Crescas, Albo, Bibago, Abravanel, and a dozen lesser-known figures are described, analysed, and compared. Relevant texts are presented in English translation. For the most part these are texts which have never been critically edited and translated before. Among the theses defended in the book are the following: that systematic attention to dogma qua dogma was a new feature in Jewish theology introduced by Maimonides (for reasons examined at length in the book); that the subject languished for the two centuries after Maimonides’ death until it was revived in fifteenth-century Spain in response to Christian attacks on Judaism; that the differing systems of dogma offered by medieval Jewish thinkers reflect not different conceptions of what Judaism is, but different conceptions of what a principle of Judaism is; and that the very project of creed formation reflects an essentially Greek as opposed to a biblical/rabbinic view of the nature of religious faith and that this accounts for much of the resistance which Maimonides’ innovation aroused.

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Kahn, Andrew, Mark Lipovetsky, Irina Reyfman, and Stephanie Sandler. Heroines and emancipation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663941.003.0028.

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The chapter builds on historical research to elucidate the social and legal status and the everyday lives of women of all classes, aspects that informed fiction about women and their representation, and influenced women who wrote (or did not write) fiction, poetry, and diaries. The chapter examines the interrelation of fictional models/behavioral types and historical and fictional actors. With changing educational opportunities, sexual norms, and social roles, women in literature respond differently to patriarchal norms of society, and the chapter compares gendered identity formation of heroes and heroines and surveys types of heroines, such as mothers, wives and mistresses, fallen women and temptresses. Political novels and novels of adultery, with their sense of freedom and punishment, show women testing boundaries, from extreme cases such as terrorists down to the quotidian yet surprisingly ambivalent role of the mother in Russian nineteenth-century literature.

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Colin, Bamford. 8 Fiduciary Duties in Financial Markets. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198722113.003.0008.

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This chapter builds on the previous one by considering the concept of fiduciary duties in the context of commercial transactions, and then in the context of financial arrangements. Although commercial dealings do not usually lend themselves to the formation of fiduciary relationships, the chapter identifies a number of types of arrangement where the concept might apply. It discusses the interplay between the duties that arise from a fiduciary relationship and the obligations that flow from the exchange of confidential information in a commercial transaction. The chapter then turns to consider the role of fiduciary duties in financial transactions, particularly in the dealings between banks and their corporate customers. It concludes by looking at the regulatory rules that safeguard the interests of retail customers, and compares the obligations that these rules place on businesses with the duties that flow from fiduciary relationships.

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Hazel, Fox. Book I Diplomacy in General, 4 The State: Its Concept as a Legal Person in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739104.003.0004.

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This chapter addresses the State as the prime actor in the conduct of diplomacy and examines the State’s status as a legal person as defined by international law. To understand the role of the State in international affairs, it is essential to appreciate that it is both a maker and a subject of international law. It has been and continues to be instrumental in the formation of public international law. The chapter thus presents four topics to explain the nature and scope of the powers and activities of the State in international affairs. These are: the qualifications for statehood, recognition of the State as a member of the international community, the State compared to an international organization as a legal person and other entities having lesser rights in international law, and sovereignty as an attribute of the State.

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Hudson, Dale. Blood, Bodies, and Borders. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423083.003.0002.

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This chapter compares two films that reinterpret Bram Stoker’s 1897 novel Dracula and its vampire in different ways. Francis Ford Coppola’s Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992) parodies a nostalgic and orientalist perspective on debates about the place of the Middle East in the formation of US transnational identity and history, whereas Ana Lily Amirpour’s A Girl Walks Home Alone at Night (2014) moves towards this history’s radical revision. Coppola imagines a “vampire ayatollah” during the first US invasion of Iran’s neighbor Iraq; Amirpour, as a feminist hijabi in the sonic space of Tehrangeles. The filmmakers’ familial trajectories underscore Hollywood’s transnational constitution as linked to US policy. The comparison develops a critical approach for how vampires serve as both object and mode of analysis throughout the book. Stoker’s tropes of blood, bodies, and borders map onto US laws concerning race, immigration, and assimilation.

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Kincaid, Paul. Aftermath. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041013.003.0005.

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The very different obituaries that followed the death of Iain Banks provide a key to the varied influences and ideas in his work, such as humanism and politics, the importance of community and the equality of women. The chapter also considers dramatizations of his work and the influence of music. The formative influence of Banks on late-century science fiction is examined, highlighting the way he shaped the new space opera and the so-called British renaissance. Critical approaches to his work are compared, before finally drawing attention to the centrality of fun in his work.

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Wickham, Chris. Jiangnan Style. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768784.003.0007.

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Building on impressive new research into the concept of a ‘global middle ages’, this chapter offers insights into how economic formations developed around the world. Drawing on new research on both Chinese and Mediterranean economies in the ‘medieval’ period, it compares structures of economy and exchange in very different parts of the world. The point of such comparisons is not simply to find instances of global economic flows but to understand the logic of medieval economic activity and its intersections with power and culture; and, in so doing, to remind historians that economic structures, transnational connections, and the imbrications of economy and politics do not arrive only with modernity, nor is the shape of the ‘modern’ global economy the only pattern known to humankind.

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Petersen, Klaus, and Nils Arne Sørensen. From Military State to Welfare State. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779599.003.0011.

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Compared to most other countries, Denmark was only marginally affected by the two world wars. However, this does not mean that war had no impact on the historical development of the Danish welfare state. First, the formation of the nation state is directly linked to war and military defeats. As a result, Denmark gradually went from being a medium-sized European power to a small nation state with a very homogeneous population. Second, being a small state, the overall Danish security strategy was a passive one from 1870 to the end of the Cold War with a focus on domestic issues. The welfare state is part of this story. Third, as a consequence of this, the voice of the military was marginalized in politics and almost completely absent in debates on social issues. Still, war was a reality and both world wars affected the Danish social security system in various ways.

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Zeitlin, Vladimir. RSW Modons and their Surprising Properties: RSW Turbulence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0009.

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By using quasi-geostrophic modons constructed in Chapter 6 as initial conditions, rotating-shallow-water modons are obtained through the process of ageostrophic adjustment, both in one- and in two-layer configurations. Scatter plots show that they are solutions of the rotating shallow-water equations. A special class of modons with an internal front (shock) is shown to exist. A panorama of collision processes of the modons, leading to formation of tripoles, nonlinear modons, or elastic scattering is presented. The modon solutions are then used for initialisations of numerical simulations of decaying rotating shallow-water turbulence. The results are analysed and compared to those obtained with standard in 2D turbulence initializations, and differences are detected, showing non-universality of decaying 2D turbulence. The obtained energy spectra are steeper than theoretical predictions for ‘pure’ 2D turbulence, and pronounced cyclone–anticyclone asymmetry and dynamical separation of waves and vortices are observed.

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Zeitlin, Vladimir. Wave Turbulence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0013.

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Main notions and ideas of wave (weak) turbulence theory are explained with the help of Hamiltonian approach to wave dynamics, and are applied to waves in RSW model. Derivation of kinetic equations under random-phase approximation is explained. Short inertia–gravity waves on the f plane, short equatorial inertia–gravity waves, and Rossby waves on the beta plane are then considered along these lines. In all of these cases, approximate solutions of kinetic equation, annihilating the collision integral, can be obtained by scaling arguments, giving power-law energy spectra. The predictions of turbulence of inertia–gravity waves on the f plane are compared with numerical simulations initialised by ensembles of random waves. Energy spectra much steeper than theoretical are observed. Finite-size effects, which prevent energy transfer from large to short scales, provide a plausible explanation. Long waves thus evolve towards breaking and shock formation, yet the number of shocks is insufficient to produce shock turbulence.

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Satz, Helmut. The Rules of the Flock. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853398.001.0001.

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Flocks of birds, schools of fish and swarms of locusts display amazing forms of collective motion, while huge numbers of glow worms can emit light signals with almost unbelievable synchronization. These and many other collective phenomena in animal societies take place according to laws very similar to those governing the collective behavior in inanimate nature, such as the magnetization of iron and light radiation of lasers. During recent years, this has led to the study of swarm behavior as a challenging new field of science, in which ideas from the physical world are applied in order to understand the formation and structure of animal swarms. It has thus become clear that the collective behavior of animal swarms emerges in a self-organized way, without the need of any overall director. In this book, different swarm phenomena of the animal world are presented and compared with their counterparts in physics, in a conceptual and non-technical way, addressed to a general readership.

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Amico, Stephen. Gay-Made Space. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038273.003.0005.

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This chapter explores the relationships among spatiality, orientation, and corporeality by focusing on the ways in which a post-Soviet, gay social space is engendered, in part, via popular music. It first compares temporality and spatiality in relation to homosexuality in the Soviet and post-Soviet eras before discussing popular music's relationship to sexuality and the post-Soviet experiences of detemporalization and deterritorialization. It then assesses the importance of virtual, mediated, musical spaces in the creation of the self. It also analyzes how geographic spaces, cyberspaces, and media spaces, the material and the virtual, both conform to and act upon the embodiments of homosexuality, and how Russian gay men continually create and re-create salubrious spaces and places, in part via their experience as embodied subjects whose corporeal existence links them to others in shared spaces and places. The chapter shows that seeming binaries—inside/outside, here/there, now/then, us/them, East/West—as experienced via musical spaces do not preclude the formation of a situated, stable, sexual self, one affectively and physically connected to both sound and space.

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Consciousness of Artistic Form: A Comparison of the Visual, Gestalt Art Formations of Children, Adolescents, and Layman Adults With Historical Art, Folk Art, and Aboriginal Art. Gertrude Schaefer-Simmern Trust, 2003.

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Schaefer-Simmern, Henry, Gertrude Schaefer-Simmern, Roy E. Abrahamson, and Sylvia Fein. Consciousness of Artistic Form: A Comparison of the Visual, Gestalt Art Formations of Children, Adolescents, and Layman Adults With Historical Art, Folk Art, and Aboriginal Art. Gertrude Schaefer-Simmern Trust, 2003.

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Books on the topic 'Formation comparée'

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