Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Formation et construction de l'État'
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Bach, Jean-Nicolas. "Centre, périphérie, conflit et formation de l'État depuis Ménélik II : les crises de et dans l'État éthiopien." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878699.
Full textBach, Jean-Nicolas. "Centre, périphérie, conflit et formation de l’État depuis Ménélik II : les crises de et dans l’État éthiopien." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40059/document.
Full textThis work deals with contemporary Ethiopian armed conflicts (nature and forms) out of areflexion on the state trajectory. The Ethiopian state is to be studied in the continuity ofthe empire built by Menelik II at the end of the XIXth century, whose borders haveremained almost unchanged since then (except the Eritrean independence in 1993). Theparticular perception of the Ethiopian political space studied in terms of “centre” and“periphery” is also embedded in this imperial period. A perception which remainscharacteristic of Ethiopian studies, considering the Ethiopian armed conflicts as opposinga “centre” (considered synonymous with “modern state”) to its “peripheries” inheritedfrom the imperial conquests (seen as “traditional societies”). The thesis is thus built outof these three following themes which represent the core of the reflexion: the Ethiopianempire- and state formation, armed conflicts, and the centre-periphery relation. In fact,the centre-periphery relation has been determinant in the theories dealing with empiresandstate-formation. Here, I aim at redefining the relationship between state-formationand the centre-periphery theories by using the notions of “central political sector” and“peripheral political sector” (Coulon 1972). The State shall then be considered as ahistorical process produced by the formation (formal, symbolical, and cognitive) of thesesectors. The sectors are dependent of each other and their characteristics derive fromconstant economic, social and political reconfigurations. They shall be considered in asame whole which produces the Ethiopian state and its identity, its nation.The thesis analyses the relationship between the formation of these two political sectorsand armed conflicts in order to rethink the dominant view considering conflicts as acentre conflicting against its peripheries. Illustrated by the study of three regions (whichhave been experiencing armed conflicts since the imperial period, i.e. Eritrea, Gambellaand Afar), and focusing on their constant and changing relations (formal or perceived)with the Ethiopian state, this work confirms the existence of three main conflict trends(interdependent and sometimes cumulative): the conflict between the two sectors, theconflict within the central sector, and the conflict within the peripheral sector. Finally, Iargue that the current Ethiopian conflicts derive from a dual state crisis: a crisis “of” theEthiopian state (the radical refusal of the state), and a crisis “within” the Ethiopian state(refusal of the regime or the government, but not the State itself). This dual crisisinherited from the imperial period took form during the second reign of Haile Selassie(1941-1974). The roots of contemporary armed conflicts in Ethiopia have to be situated insuch a crisis, and their continuation in its resilience
Le, Gouriellec Sonia. "Régionalisme, régionalisation des conflits et construction de l'État : l'équation sécuritaire de la Corne de l’Afrique." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05D015.
Full textIn spite of its analytical complexity, the security context in the Horn of Africa may be submitted to the Political Science’ tools in order to better understand the complex interactions between the various actors. The present research thus seeks to analyze the mechanism underlying what appears as an unsolvable security problem: is regionalism a prerequisite for the emergence of a regional peace? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to understand the role of regional security processes (regionalization and regionalism) in the state formation and state building of the Horn of Africa’s states. This study endeavours to explore the interactions between regionalism, which are inherent in the creation of an African peace and security architecture, the regionalization of conflict, which seems at work in this area, and construction/formation state process. The relationship between the three terms of this equation depends on the context and interactions between the various entities that make up the region (states, non-state actors that stand against them or negotiate with the states and external actors). This study thus reveals two kinds of dynamics at play: an endogenous process and an exogenous one. In the first one conflicts are involved in the formation of the state and are largely internal conflicts. It demonstrates that there is a crisis in the state States dominate the regionalism process which tries to regulate regional conflit with relative success because regional organizations seek to strengthen or rebuild the state according to the idealized criteria of the Weberian State seen as a source of instability. The exogenous process is characterized by the role of regional conflicts whose very existence serves to justify the development and the strenghtening of regionalism thus perceived as the most appropriate answer to those security problems. States are the source of conflicts because they are perceived as weak. Regionalism would strengthen states and reduce the inclination of states to make war
Toussaint, Marie. "L'épreuve du feu : politiques de la nature, savoirs, feux de brousse et décolonisation en Nouvelle-Calédonie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH024/document.
Full textFor almost twenty years, bush fires have been a recurrent phenomenon and serious concern in New Caledonia, because they threat endemic and particularly original vegetal formations, and endanger the environmental equilibrium of the insular territory of New Caledonia. Meeting a demand formulated by the Northern Province of New Caledonia, this work intended to describe the contemporary uses of fire, particularly in the Kanak world. From the ethnography of forbidden practices to the socio-historical analysis of the forest sector, this doctoral research explores the way the bush fires phenomenon has been thought out and framed on the colonial long-span. Far from constituting a new phenomenon, bush fires were a constitutive element of the colonial conquest and racial segregation which marked New Caledonia’s recent history. Having become an “environmental public problem” in the 1970’s, the phenomenon was progressively characterized as a threat to biodiversity in such a way that contemporary environmental policies concentrate on its eradication through the reinforcement of awareness campaigns and firefighting policies. Nevertheless both past and contemporary Kanak uses and social representations of fire and more generally of natural environment have been severely repressed and actually made invisible. Beyond those environmental aspects, analyzing the question of bush fires enables the exploration of political questions: from the colonial state construction and formation in New Caledonia to its transformation since the political agreements of Matignon-Oudinot (1988) and Nouméa (1998). The thesis as a whole thus explores the New Caledonia colonial and post-colonial trajectory through the lens of the fire phenomenon. For this, it studies the evolution of regulatory frameworks and forestry institutions, but also the circulation of fire and forests knowledge, and the critical role of social actors in those processes. This work highlights the multiple links between forms of knowledges and structures of power, in particular the gradual sedimentation of some forms of ignorance and the role of social actors in reproducing them. It also allows documenting the environmental history of the island since its annexation by France and offering fresh insights into questions regarding the management of natural environment. Analyzing how the bush fires issue evolved over time and how it was dealt with by Caledonian institutions opens up meaningful and relevant questions for the formulation of environmental policies in the current context of negotiated decolonization
Galeote, Géraldine. "L'état autonomique : construction et développements." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100122.
Full textThe spanish democratic transition has appeared to be on exemplary experience considering that spain has been able to shift from an authoritarian regime going trough a crisis to a democratic regime. The new state pettern implemented by the constituants in the heading number eight of the constitution has managed to increase the doubts conserning the future of this rising democracy. But, nearly twenty years after its creation final assessment can be made conserning the running of the autonomous state. This new pattern of state formation has been able to merge the unity of the spanish state with the self governing power for the differents nationalities and regions. This granting of partial power to autonomous communities has an evolutive character. It is the governing authorities and the peripheral elits wich schap selectively, the contents of the spanish state. The importance of the implications is so considerable that the autonomous state his constantely at the core of the spanish political debats
Bergès, Michel. "Corporatisme et construction de l'État." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10029.
Full textDe, Simone Sara. "State-building South Sudan : discourses, practices and actors of a negotiated project ( 1999-2013)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D083/document.
Full textState-building programs supported by the international donor community since the end of the 1990s in post-conflict contexts have often been considered ineffective. Analyzing the state-building enterprise in South Sudan in a historical perspective, this thesis shows how these programs, portrayed as technical and apolitical, intertwine with the longer term process of state formation with its cumulative and negotiated character. This negotiation occurs in an arena created by the encounter between international programs and local actors. The thesis will focus on three sectors in which the “local communities” have been given an important role as rightbearing subjects: the local government reform, the delivery of basic services and the land reform. As collective rights to land, services and self-rule are managed by traditional authorities, the customary sphere overlaps with the bureaucratic sphere of the modern state, encouraging the ethnicization of South Sudanese politics. The formulation of laws and policies in these three sectors provides the “rules of the games” influencing local actors' interaction with the state, as they understand them to be necessary to gain access to state resources. Two kinds of dynamics emerge from these interactions: horizontal ethnic fragmentation and vertical patronage relationships. Discourses on administrative effectiveness and efficiency create a communal subject which contributes to re-politicize (and ethnicize) the statebuilding process through the appropriation of these discourses by local population and their traditional authorities
Pourtier, Roland. "Le Gabon : organisation de l'espace et formation de l'État." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010609.
Full textMadrigal, Fornos Samuel Danilo. "La formation de l'état-nation et la révolution au Nicaragua." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100033.
Full textJoo, Yong-Lip. "Formation et évolution de l'État ancien en Corée : analyse archéologique et historiographique." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070058.
Full textIn this research, the constitution of unified shilla in the 7th century a. D. Is considered as a turning-point from the antiquity to the middle ages in korean history. In order to support this argument, especially we study 'human sacrifice' ( the burial of immolated slaves ). Because 'human sacrifice' is a phenomenon which clearly reveals the several characteristiques of human control in ancient society. Out of consideration for the necessity of period division, we recapitulate various opinions about ancient state. The ancient state of korea began around the end of the dynasty of ko choson. This fact is proved by archaeological materials as well as by the historical documents. As to the society of sam han, we confirm that it had been at the stage before the era of the three kingdoms, with the culture of the iron age
Sesay, Mohamed Kanja. "La gouvernance sans Etat : une étude de cas sur les territoires contrôlés par le front révolutionnaire uni en Sierra Leone." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40043/document.
Full textThe war in Sierra Leone began in 1991 and ended in 2002. Analysts remaindivided on the question of its cause, particularly on the issue of the motivations ofthe rebel Revolutionary United Front (RUF), the armed group which started thehostilities. From its entry into Sierra Leone to date; the RUF has been the subjectof much debate and criticism, both on its organization and its methods of wagingwar. By asking questions relating to the organizational capacity of the RUF, thisstudy aims to contextualize the central arguments often associated with civil warsof the Sierra Leonean kind: they insist on the absence of meaning; these conflictsillustrate a situation of chaos and/or are devoid of political reflections. They arealso the consequence of the absence or failure of a State.This present study continues these discussions in relation to the RUF, bydemonstrating that this guerilla force was not as disorganized as often portrayed,despite increased media coverage on its use of violence. The RUF was not a groupof murderous diamond thieves but also quite structured with a clear hierarchicallogic or ideology. Through this internal organisation, it set up structures toestablish governor/governed relations with urban populations under its control.The rebel force thus established a system to manage these local communities. Suchconsiderations changed the nature of the armed group in the areas under itscontrol, where it established a civil "administrative unit", far from being efficientbut identifiable as such.By juxtaposing the complex interactions of daily governance, the thesishighlights the governance practices of the RUF and the aspects that characterise"normal" life in these « war torn » towns. It analyzes the variables of therelationship between members of the rebel movement occupying these towns andthe local population. Once a town is conquered, the rebels are forced to dosomething there, an "administrative system" establishing an order of coexistence inthe whole area is imposed.The study therefore analyzes the tools of civil governance, mobilized intime of war. During this study, several field research trips to Sierra Leone, wereconducted. These trips have allowed the realization of several interviews,individual and collective. They support the general ideas presented in this thesis
Sesay, Mohamed. "La gouvernance sans État : une étude de cas sur les territoires contrôlés par le Front Révolutionnaire Uni en Sierra Leone." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958107.
Full textChanut, Véronique. "L'état employeur et l'état didactique : politique de gestion et formation au management public des cadres supérieurs du ministère de l'équipement." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010063.
Full textNkot, Pierre Fabien. "Perversion politique du droit et construction de l'État unitaire au Cameroun." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61235.pdf.
Full textGhamgui, Mohamed. "La construction de l'état au Soudan : enjeux et défis 1969-1994." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100198.
Full textZanoletti, Giovanni. "Le "djihad de la vache" : pastoralisme et formation de l'État au Mali." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100092.
Full textWhy choose the “cow” to guide the analysis of State formation in Mali? The pastoralism angle allows for the analysis of State formation based on the combination of two repertoires, ontologi-cal security and development economics, and their respective temporalities: the temporality of adaptation – where historic institutions based on roaming and relations between terroirs and individuals both take priority – and the temporality of a “bureaucratic” way of life, where antici-pation and predictability take priority. For instance, depending on the situations, the cow can be a store of economic value, a government tool, and sometimes even both at the same time. The meaning that Malian society gives to these ways of life today seems to be shaped by both reper-toires at the same time. The “jihad of the cow” is a perfect illustration: faced with the disruptions caused by the building of a nation state, the relations of production in the pastoral environment are becoming predictable through the systematization of “entrustment” – a historic institution that consists in entrusting cattle to shepherds according to complex and unstable alliance logics among terroirs. This systematization is not carried out through a state bureaucracy, but rather through a bureaucracy that is embodied by the jihadist “lifestyles”. Through the analysis of the “cow”, this thesis suggests that “jihad” is not opposed to the State, but rather is a modality of its formation, as “distorted” as it may be: it meets people’s “ontological” security demands, but it mostly does it by matching the “predictability” of the lifestyles and the salvation of the soul
Belomo, Essono Pélagie Chantal. "L'ordre et la sécurité publics dans la construction de l'État au Cameroun." Bordeaux 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR40005.
Full textSecurity and order are the foundation of the Cameroonian political order; The emergence, the "establishment" and the "restoration" of order are the quintessential missions of the State. Consequently, the aim of this thesis is to understand how these two concepts built the Cameroonian State and how their breakdown have simultaneously deconstructed and constructed this State. From these perspective, the production of security and order, and through them of the State, can be divided into three stages. Firstly, it is formed from the collision and collusion between endogeneous and exogenous factors. On the one hand, colonial history (followed by the colonial pact) structured the constitution. From this point of view, the military cooperation between France and Cameroon (through cognitive structures in terms of doctrine and military training, the French security system) is the backbone of defence and security of that country. On the other hand, the security of Cameroon is constructed due to international parameters : "war against terrorism", strategic and geostrategic stakes of powers at work in the Guinea Gulf and the Congo Basin, and the national and domestic security of these powers. Finally, on the regional scale, the wars in progress in Central Africa have a fundamental impact on the way in which methods of security actions are undertaken in the Cameroon : the formulation and formalization of the Cameroonian foreign policy and military thinking are permeated by the "conflictual pattern" that models Central Africa
Sayan, Celal. "La construction de l'État national turc et le mouvement national kurde (1918-1938)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010669.
Full textOuld, El Mounir Mohamed. "La construction de l'état en Mauritanie : de la domination à l'hégémonie." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON10021.
Full textJohn-Nambo, Joseph. "Les enjeux de la construction de l'État au Gabon : essai d'anthropologie et d'histoire du droit." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010266.
Full textThe state of gabon under construction is an original one, it is original because it is run along the lines of a redistribution complex. The redistribution complex which we conceive as an image of a "polymachine", is the hub which links the machinery of the state to the many communities which participate in the domestication of the state itself. However the redistributive complex particularly plays a role in transforming social relations : it is in this way that it contributes efficaciously to the regulation of gabon's society. Behind the construction of the state, the study of the stakes, thanks to a diacronic and anthropological method allows us to comprehend the problems inherent in the construction of gabon's society as a whole. This society, albeit based on community relations functions according to a plural logic whose fundamentalstake is interdependence which encourages complementary and national cohesion
Dragotoniu, Nicoleta-Oana. "Avant "l'État-juge" : pratique juridique et construction politique dans la société valaque au XVIIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17928.
Full textSanta, Marisa. "Construction de l'identité individuelle : jeux d'entente et de concurrence entre l'état civil et la "Comédie Humaine" de Balzac." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2019. http://www.harmatheque.com.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/ebook/balzac-et-la-construction-de-l-identite-individuelle-jeux-d-entente-et-de-concurrence-entre-l-etat-civil-et-la-comedie-humaine-66358.
Full textSome stories send a chill down one’s spine! An old man appears at an attorney’s office claiming the identity of glory of Napoleon Bonaparte’s Empire: the colonel Chabert. However, Chabert is dead; the living declared his death after the register of vital statistics based, in turn, on testimonies. With his claim, the old man opposes acknowledged truth and his own reality, throwing doubt upon evident facts. In the silence of the night, the faint contours of the glorious colonel emerge from the story narrated by this ghost asking for recognition but he will learn that identity is not something that springs up upon demand but must be built up. Yet he made a good start by bringing in his mutilated body and his story. He could have followed the only possible way of taking Chabert off the list of the glorious dead by accepting a settlement where he could continue being the colonel provided he erases parts of his history. The old man’s identity is given neither by the novel which created him nor by law, that law responsible for his death, as the only answers to be found in both law and literature are acknowledged facts which always remain questionable. An individual’s identity is embedded in the story of a culture and the game consists in always making adjustments within the meeting point of all designating discourses. One of these is that of law: it sets the criteria allowing existence itself and from which individualization can occur. So we can say law and Balzac’s «Human Comedy» merge together into a new common space in wich seizing stories are narrated and where the construction of individual identity takes place. This singular relationship between law and literature sheds a new light upon them, thus making them subjects to be studied from an anthropological point of view
N'Gabou, Gabou Kilolo Stanislas. "Identité culturelle et construction nationale au Congo ou problématique culture et personnalité congolaises dans la construction nationale au Congo." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100068.
Full textCultiaux, Yolaine. "Le nationalisme comme différentialisme intégrateur : le catalanisme face à l'état espagnol et à la construction européenne." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32021.
Full textThe goal of the present study is to understand the driving forces and the modes of expression of contemporary nationalism, through an analysis of catalanism. Traditionaly based on search for an hegemonic position in spain, catalan nationalism is also looking at establishing its role in the european space in construction. It legitimates its demands with the notion of "catalan differential fact" and seeks optimal integration. The choice of this strategic option leads to the use of the catalan culture as a political resource. The autonomous government of catalonia has engaged in a strategy of (re)nationalization which rests on cultural and linguistical policies. The integrationist aspect of catalanism and the differentialist argument motivated the creation of the concept of integrative differentialism. The demonstration is divided in three parts. Firstly, we deal with the origins of political catalanism and its links with the cultural nationalism promoted by fractions of the catalan civil society. This complex web of sources explains that, despite the francoist repression, the ideological work necessary for the use of the notion of "catalan differential fact" was made before the transition. Secondly, we consider how this work has influenced the evolution of the relationships between catalonia and the central government in a democratic regime caracterized by a strong competition between 17 autonomous communities. The conclusion is very clear: in twenty years time, the integrative differentialism has become a state currency in spain. A similar picture appears when we look at a structure of political opportunities defined more recently that the spanish state: the european union. In the third part, we examine the influence of this change of scale and we study the interactions between catalan nationalism and the regionalism stimulated by the "europe of regions". Here too the differentialist strategy and the specificity of the catalan culture have been used. The creation of networks of regions (see the euroregion) and networks of cities (see the c6 network) based on a mythical common culture through and despite the pyrenean boarder is a good example of the paradoxical dialectics between integration and differentiation in the european space
Tshiyembe, Mwayila. "Etat et société en Afrique : construction étatique et désintégration sociale : essai sur une théorie sociologique de fondation de l'Etat plural en Afrique noire." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN20023.
Full textThe founding theory of the plural state, an alternative model of constructing the state and civil society, is a precolonial invention of African societies embracing the specific historical and cultural experience of precolonial black Africa. Tree key postulates follow from the underlying logic of plural state theory. The first is its antinomy with the European concept of nation-state. The second resides in its irreducibility to the nation-state concept and this in spite of minor features shared with the latter here and there. The third has to do with the principal reason accounting for the failure of the different attempts to forge a nation-state in black Africa: the absence of a formal theory on the plural state and its irreducibility to the nation-state concept. Two inescapable conclusions emerge. Firstly, the nation-state solution, in addition to not being a universal panacea, leads to a head end in black Africa. Secondly, for the challenge of democratic change in black Africa to have a collective and popular meaning, it must propose a global project aimed at reinventing and reviving the ditunga which is an embodiment of the values and principles of the precolonial African model of the plural state
Adji, Malam Souley. "Logiques socio-communautaires et loyautés politiques en Afrique : essai d'analyse de la construction de l'État au Niger." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR21008.
Full textSimultaneously based on foreign and local influences, the state of Niger is an original phenomena situated at the confluence of French and African political cultures. The interference of modern occidental polities with the social and political history of Nigerian societies has tended to produce a marginal state whose various actors and groups face a conflict as far as political loyalty is concerned. As a result, the country's relative stability is not only due to military and neopatrimonial practices, but also to the rational pursuit of colonial political communalization and paradoxal strategies by the new state and its subaltern actors. This study, based on (certain) concepts rarely exploited in the field of Africanist political studies, is an essay on the social history of the state, undertaken in the hope of shedding new light on the analysis of the relationship between the state and civil society in Africa and particularly in Niger
Lima, Léa. "L'État social et les jeunes : une comparaison France-Québec des systèmes d'assistance-jeunesse." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129548.
Full textManchon, Pierre-Yves. "Guerre civile et formation de l'État dans le Midi d'Italie (1860-1865) : histoire et usages du "Grand Brigandage" en Basilicate." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010633.
Full textKassi, Brou Olivier Saint-Omer. "Francophonie et justice : contribution de l'organisation internationale de la francophonie à la construction de l'état de droit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0327/document.
Full textJustice is a fundamental attribute of modern States. In a democratic society, itguarantees the safeguard of the standard-setting framework as well as the protection ofrights. An independent and effective justice is a symbol of the rule of law. It illustrates theseparation of powers and establishes the primacy of law. But the efficiency of any judicialsystem depends on the nature and the extent of the resources at its disposal. Yet, inmany Francophone countries, the judicial system faces many weaknesses, sometimesrelated to the avatars of democratic stabilisation processes, sometimes to more fragilepost-crisis situations. So the question of the capacity development of the judicialinstitutions arises. For thirty years, the International Organization of La Francophonie(OIF) has entered the legal and judicial cooperation field on this basis. By including thepromotion of democracy at the heart of its political action, the OIF has indeed made strongcommitments and developed programs aimed at accompanying its member States in thecapacity development of their justice systems, thanks to its institutional networks. Thiscommitment can be seen in several statements of the Organization. It demonstrates thewill of the Francophone States to anchor their relationships in a cooperation framework,dedicated to the protection of fundamental rights and the regulation of majorities’ powers.Today, justice is consequently established as a priority in Francophone concerns. It isentered in both national and international level and in its transitional dimension
Munoz, del campo Norma. "L'état et la culture au Chili, 1989-2008 : les enjeux et défis d'un processus de construction d'une catégorie d'intervention publique." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017327.
Full textMuñoz, Del Campo Norma. "L'état et la culture au Chili, 1989-2008 : les enjeux et défis d'un processus de construction d'une catégorie d'intervention publique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030051/document.
Full textThis research deals with making culture a Public Intervention Category in Chile, from1989 to 2008.The process began in a particular historical and socio-political context characterized bythe democratic transition heralded by the 1988 plebiscite and consolidated by the 1989elections. At this time culture began to gain a fundamental role in the social and politicaldevelopment in Chile. Previously denied a formal organizational structure, the newinstitution’s cultural interventions were fragmented and fragile.This dissertation analyzes the National Council on Culture and Arts (NCCA) created in2003 and its work in the context of culture emerging as a public matter. In doing this we areable to identify the different issues in cultural policymaking that arose since the end ofauthoritarian rule. This investigation is a contribution to the debates on the analysis of publicpolicy, utilizing its main theoretical tools to dissect the process of establishing a category ofpublic intervention through three central themes: ideas, actors and institutions. Hence, thiswould connect the cognitive approaches of public policy marked by neo-institutionalism andinstrumentalist policymaking focuses.The analysis approaches the issue on two levels. The first one centers on the articulationbetween concepts and values with the realignment of policy actors within a specificinstitutional framework. Secondly, we will focus on the issues that arose in theinstitutionalization of culture, and the tensions involved in this process. We will especiallystress the deadlocks generated by the construction of a national cultural ideal under aninstitutional order characterized by “authoritarian enclaves” inherited from the former rule
Zaouani-Denoux, Essediya. "Représentation, formation et construction de soi : la formation professionnelle des conducteurs de travaux : alternance ou "alterance" ?" Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0019.
Full textBouquet-Elkaïm, Jérôme. "La construction du droit des peuples autochtones : droit international et pluralisme juridique." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR1003.
Full textPeker, Efe. "Une sociologie comparative et historique de la sécularisation : formation de l'état républicain en France (1875-1905) et en Turquie (1908-1938)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H082.
Full textThis dissertation features a comparative-historical examination of macrosocietal secularisation in France (1875-1905) and Turkey (1908-1938), with particular attention to their republican state building experiences. Bridging the literatures on secularisation theory (sociology of religion) and state formation (comparative-historical sociology), it is the purpose of this work to contribute to “historicising the secularisation debate” by scrutinising the “sociopolitical conflicts” involved in the making of macro-level secularisation (Gorski, 2003b, 2005). The existing literature often interprets different patterns of secularisation through voluntaristic perspectives (overemphasising the ideologies/beliefs of rulers and individuals) or deterministic lenses (anticipating civilisational or modernist path dependencies). To overcome the duality, this study provides a comparative-historical approach that investigates secularisation as a nonlinear, uneven, and dialectical process contingent upon the course of sociopolitical struggles and structural transformations. Differing from many other national states, why did France and Turkey converge to embrace secularism as a central principle and doctrine, based on an accentuated form of “separation” from and “regulation” of religion? What accounts for their divergence, that is, why did the “separation” aspect prove more dominant in French laïcité, whereas “regulation” came to be prominent in Turkish laiklik ? Resting on a rich array of archival and bibliographical sources, my analysis proposes to explain the convergence and divergence between France and Turkey through the interaction of “extra-religious” and “religious” sets of variables. The former set takes into account geographically specific class struggles/alliances, and dynamics of internal/external sovereign state building. The latter set explores the doctrinal/institutional configuration of dominant religions, and the situation of religious minorities. Highlighting the interplay of these “extra-religious” and “religious” dynamics, the dissertation offers an analytical framework to contribute to the social scientific understanding of secularisation/desecularisation beyond the French and Turkish cases. The highly contentious histories of France and Turkey reveal that secularisation is not merely about the conflict of ideational visions. Secularisation is also a concrete state building strategy operationalised through a combination of “separation” and “regulation”. As part of the struggle against religiously affiliated/legitimated sociopolitical contenders, these dual strategies are utilised by bourgeois-national state builders to bring about “differentiation”, “societalisation”, and “rationalisation” (Wallis & Bruce, 1992). While the strategy of separation “differentiates” (and transfers to the state) diverse social functions previously assumed by “religious authority” (Chaves, 1994), the latter’s remaining prerogatives are placed under the regulation of “societally” and “rationally” organised secular bureaucratic institutions. In this sense, secularisation is intimately linked to the consolidation of sovereign infrastructural power (Mann, 1984 ; Soifer, 2008) in “legalinstitutional”, “socio-educational”, “symbolic-ideological”, and “property-distributional” spheres. France and Turkey allow for a cross-religious and cross-regional comparison to crystallise the national and extra-national social forces and mechanisms that influence the ebbs and flows in the secularising process
Moreno, Cristina. "La construction de l'État colombien au prisme de l'éducation. Nationalisation et modernisation pendant la République Libérale (1930-1946)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA025/document.
Full textDiagnoses of Colombia as a "failed state" have sometimes lead to teleological analyses that present this phenomenon as intricated in Colombia´s society, or as constitutive in the history of state formation. This research allows us to rethink these analyses by focusing on state formation at a key historical moment. Putting an end to "oligarchic republics", Colombian liberal governments of the nineteen thirties and forties tried to broaden the social base of their regime (integrating "the people" seemed like the necessary condition to transform the country). International and national political shifts led to the reinterpretation of concepts such as modernization and nationalization. Cultural nationalism, as well as social and economic regulations, irrupted in state discourses and practices, and started a new relationship between the state and society. In this context, for the first time, education and culture became politically central. By focusing on everyday experiences, this dissertation analyses how a state education reform was set up. For a comprehensive explanation of both the logic and the knowledge of the state, this dissertation focuses on local, regional and national scales. Drawing on methodologies of social and cultural history, this work gives a privileged position to the actors who constructed the reform. Therefore, this dissertation is both a political history of education and a social history of the "educational state". In this sense, it contributes to our understanding of the processes of state formation and of the complex links between culture and politics
Charon, Paul. "Le vote contre la démocratie : construction de l'État et processus de politisation dans la Chine rurale post-maoïste." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0068.
Full textThis thesis is focused on the changes of the contemporary Chinese State, comprehended through the effect of the introduction of elections at the village level. My research work, far from pinning down the state's evolution within the paradigms of transition or reform, shows that the State's reconstruction is based on a farewell to the revolutionary hypothesis. The strategy of Deng Xiaoping consisted in preserving the Statist side of Maoism while rejecting its transformative dimension. The revolutionary mobilization thus gave the place to bureaucratic reason. The latter is not, however, only economic or social but also political. The reforms promoted by Deng Xiaoping indeed contain a politico-administrative chapter and lie within the scope of the State's refoundation, in other words, the rationalization of its mode of government. The implementation of village elections must be thus understood as the territorial side of this State refoundation and not as a process of creeping democratization. This basic premise enables us to understand why the chinese authoritarian regime introduced the electoral instrument into its political system, but also to better understand the singular type of relationship established between the State and the society and, in fine, to formulate a hypothesis that elucidate the enigma of the party's sustainability. By highlighting the divergent historicity of State and regime, by distinguishing the pliability of the State and the mutability of the regime, my research proposes an interdisciplinary contribution, in the tradition of the political studies at the EHESS, to a fundamental field for Chinese studies
Brondino, Laura. "Les pouvoirs intermédiaires et la construction de l'Etat mexicain. Les jefes políticos de l'état du Yucatán (1878-1902)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040126.
Full textThis research studies the establishment of the hierarchical power of the Mexican State in its territories on the local scale. It focuses on the case study of the federated state of Yucatán. An intermediary civil official, the jefe político is introduced step by step between the governor and the municipal powers, this institution is achieved during the last quarter of the 19th century. He is, on the one hand, the agent of the state authority in the partidos (districts) and, on the other hand, the official intermediary between the executive power, the municipal authorities and the society, as the voice of the local requests. This double-acting office, essentially based on public relations, enables us to analyze the imbrications rather than the contrasts between the State establishment and the non-state powers in the Mexican State building, in order to clear up the specific character of the Mexican State and to explain the mechanisms by which the porfirian government could last in time by adapting to the existent socio-political actors and by using them into its service
Jalloh, Mohamed. "Effondrement et reconstruction de l'Etat : les continuités de la formation de l'Etat sierra léonais." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878694.
Full textTerrassier, Claire. "Etude de la formation d'acides organiques à partir de carbone à l'état de traces en milieu acide et oxydant." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066317.
Full textRabhi, Selma. "Réaction à l'état solide entre un film de nickel et un substrat de type III-V." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190612_RABHI_105lfcsln311pyot691zwwqcp673guk_TH.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the phases formed during the solid-state reaction between a Ni film and an III-V type semiconductor substrate by reactive-diffusion, in order to understand and predict the phenomena involved in the Ni / In0.53Ga0.47As contact. Indeed, this compound present a technological interest for nanoelectronics because In0.53Ga0.47As can advantageously be substituted for Si. For this, we have studied the nature and the sequence of the phases formed for the two systems Ni / GaAs and Ni / InAs. Where Ni is deposited by sputtering. The Ni3GaAs and Ni3InAs phases are the first phases formed; they are in epitaxy with the substrate and have the same hexagonal structure. The results obtained show that the Ni layer is epitaxial with the GaAs substrate for low-deposited thicknesses, which differs from the greater thicknesses. Moreover, the texture of the Ni3GaAs phase is different from the Ni3InAs phase. At high temperatures (above 400 ° C), we observe for both systems the presence of new phases. These are hexagonal and cubic structures for the Ni / InAs system. We have also observed in this work the formation kinetics of these phases Ni3GaAs and Ni3InAs in thin film. Moreover, conclude that the formation kinetics of the Ni3InAs phase is slower than that of the Ni3GaAs phase
Derdaele, Elodie. "La construction constitutionnelle de la nation et de l'Etat en Afrique du Sud : l'unité dans la diversité." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20016.
Full textSince 1994, South Africa has created a new constitutional order to put a definitive end to apartheid. From now on, the constitutional ideal rests on the concept of unity in diversity, explicitly legally established in the preamble of the final constitution. Equality, nondiscrimination, the universality of citizenship, and the rights and freedoms (generally admitted in liberal democracies) are also legally established, making the principle of equality one of the cornerstones of the constitution. Now the idea of equality as well as the principle of national reconciliation goes hand in hand with the attempt of establishing and promoting national unity. The state, although decentralized, also is seeing its preeminence assured from the moment that the national interest justifies it. This will mean creating a new state nation. However, because of their cultural diversity, the South Africans can't accept unification if they must lose their separate identities. The communities’ demands have driven the government to take the multicultural character on the society into consideration. The republic of South Africa is officially multilingual. It recognizes the authority of the African Negro traditional chiefs, the customs and the rites practiced in the country, and the right to practice, individually or collectively, the culture, language and religion of one's choice. Moreover, whether on the cultural or political plan, the cultural communities don't benefit from a status of public law. They are not politically represented in this way, and can either inhibit the freedom of their members or discriminate against them. Cultural rights are thus recognized so the individual is able to express his or her identity. Therefore the state has for its mission statement to promote the unity and the diversity of this heterogeneous and multicultural society, for which unity cannot be realized without the acceptance of the diversity of the social body, which rests on the implicit recognition of all the cu
Mobayed, Mouhannad. "La professionnalisation des CPE à l'IUFM et la mastérisation : entre qualification diplômante et construction de la professionnalité." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3030.
Full textNgwe, Luc. "La question politique de l'indépendance : contribution à la définition d'un cadre d'analyse pour l'étude de la construction sociale de l'état au Cameroun." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100102.
Full textVlach, Vânia. "La formation d'un grand Etat et la construction de l'unité nationale du Brésil." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081252.
Full textThis work analyses brazil's territorial shaping and the organization of its national unity. If we take into account that currently brazil is the fifth bigger and most populated state in the world, the maintenance of this unity - despite the deep contrasts found among its social strata - becomes a geopolitical event of the first magnitude. Comparing the constitution of iberian colonial empires in americas, their disaggregation and the emergence of independent states along the three first decades of the 19th century - which, except for brazil, were been structured as republics - we can explain what is called the "brazilian uniqueness" in latin america. The similarities between brazil and the united states are also considered: the expansion of the territory, the social strata, and the persistence of slave labor after independence. We emphasize that brazil has always had the ambition of exercising hegemony over latin america countries, a "spring board" that would allow its recognition as a great state, one entitled to play a significant role in the world. To accomplish this, brazilian political leaders have recently defined a new geopolitical project: to restore the government apparatus and consolidate such a prominent state, one which is democratic and powerful enough to increase a political legitimacy before its citizens and the credibility at the international scene in the threshold of the 21th century
Berejny, Philippe. "Excitation et ionisation multiphotoniques du xénon et des mélanges Kr - Xe. Etude du transfert d'énergie depuis l'état Kr2* [1u (3P1)]." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30193.
Full textAdamczewski, Georges. "Eléments pour une philosophie de la formation : construction et histoire de la notion de formation dans la société contemporaine." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100171.
Full textLavergne, Catherine de. "Vers un modèle communicationnel de la construction d'un dispositif apprenant ? : analyse de situations et de dispositifs en formation initiale et en formation d'adultes." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30065.
Full textSituations where information and communication technologies are used in education and training, and such intermediate information and learning structures as documentation centres and resource centres, are a theatre where actors are led to redefine their relationships, their places, their roles and their challenges. Often, when these technologies are presented as a lever for collective learning, the play in this revealing theatre has yet to be written, since the actors are learning together to reorganise the decor so as to replay their life stories and reproduce a known pedagogical model. From a multi-reference analysis of learning situations and work situations in middle school, high school and adult education, focusing on the relational aspect of learning, we can draw out a few guiding principles for a form of individual, collective and organisational learning that will not be based on individual and collective inquisitions
Thibault, Marie-Christine. "Professionnalisation et formation expérientielle des métiers de la formation : contribution à la construction d'un modèle alternant au croisement des savoirs formels, expérientiels et existentiels." Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR2015.
Full textSo it had to be pointed out how these teachers build their knowledge (science and abilities). The hypothesis was: a process of "experiential professionalisation" as the experiential learning pattern of North America. According to this problematic, we were led to think that there were also instructions between formal, experiential and existential knowledge; it echoes the German thinking called Bildung. In order to check the presence of the professional attributes and to explore the ways knowledge is built (it has to be socially validated) we have studied in this research, with two methods, a population representative of the training jobs: the students and the holders of a diploma
Kattaa, Maha. "L'évolution du statut international de l'entité palestinienne : contribution à l'analyse du mode de formation de l'État en droit international." Nancy 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN20009.
Full textMadeline, Fanny. "La politique de construction des Plantagenêt et la formation d'un territoire politique, 1154-1216." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010624.
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