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Journal articles on the topic 'Formation flights'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Verhagen, Collin MA, Hendrikus G. Visser, and Bruno F. Santos. "A decentralized approach to formation flight routing of long-haul commercial flights." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 8 (2018): 2992–3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018791068.

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This paper describes the development of an optimization-based cooperative planning system for the efficient routing and scheduling of extended flight formations. This study considers the use of formation flight as a means to reduce the overall fuel consumption in long-haul airline operations. It elaborates on the operational implementation of formation flight, particularly focusing on the formation flight routing. A completely decentralized approach is presented, in the sense that formation flight is not planned pre-flight and is not subjected to any predefined routing restrictions. A greedy c

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2

Kownacki, Cezary, and Leszek Ambroziak. "Flexible Structure Control Scheme of a UAVs Formation to Improve the Formation Stability During Maneuvers." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 11, no. 3 (2017): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ama-2017-0026.

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AbstractOne of the issues related to formation flights, which requires to be still discussed, is the stability of formation flight in turns, where the aerodynamic conditions can be substantially different for outer vehicles due to varying bank angles. Therefore, this paper proposes a decentralized control algorithm based on a leader as the reference point for followers, i.e. other UAVs and two flocking behaviors responsible for local position control, i.e. cohesion and repulsion. But opposite to other research in this area, the structure of the formation becomes flexible (structure is being re

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Kazimierczak, Roman, Wiesław Milewski, Zdzisław Gosiewski, Leszek Ambroziak, and Cezary Kownacki. "Towards implementation of a formation flying for efficient UAV operations." Journal of KONBiN 48, no. 1 (2018): 399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2018-0063.

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Abstract A flight of a UAV formation is an efficient way to implement surveillance and reconnaissance operations. The usage of a few UAVs as a formation instead of a single vehicle allows creating a distributed network of sensors, which decreases the duration of flight missions and enlarges a total field of view. From a practical point of view, implementations of formation flights require taking into account several separate aspects of flight of UAV such as a quick take-off of several aircraft, aggregating all UAVs in the same space to create swarm and collective flight of the formation toward

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4

Lenschow, Donald H., and Leif Kristensen. "Applications of Dual Aircraft Formation Flights." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 5, no. 6 (1988): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1988)005<0715:aodaff>2.0.co;2.

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Hartjes, Sander, Hendrikus G. Visser, and Marco E. G. van Hellenberg Hubar. "Trajectory Optimization of Extended Formation Flights for Commercial Aviation." Aerospace 6, no. 9 (2019): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6090100.

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This paper presents a trajectory optimization study that has been conducted using a recently developed tool for the synthesis and analysis of extended flight formations of long-haul commercial aircraft, with the aim to minimize overall fuel consumption. In extended flight formations, trailing aircraft can attain an appreciable reduction in induced drag and associated reduction in fuel burn by flying in the upwash of the lead aircraft’s wake. In the present study, a previously developed multi-phase optimal control (MOC) framework for the synthesis of two-ship flight formations has been extended

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Dahlmann, Katrin, Sigrun Matthes, Hiroshi Yamashita, Simon Unterstrasser, Volker Grewe, and Tobias Marks. "Assessing the Climate Impact of Formation Flights." Aerospace 7, no. 12 (2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7120172.

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An operational measure that is inspired by migrant birds aiming toward the mitigation of aviation climate impact is to fly in aerodynamic formation. When this operational measure is adapted to commercial aircraft it saves fuel and is, therefore, expected to reduce the climate impact of aviation. Besides the total emission amount, this mitigation option also changes the location of emissions, impacting the non-CO2 climate effects arising from NOx and H2O emissions and contrails. Here, we assess these non-CO2 climate impacts with a climate response model to assure a benefit for climate not only

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7

Weihua, Zhao, and Tiauw Hiong Go. "Robust Decentralized Formation Flight Control." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/157590.

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Motivated by the idea of multiplexed model predictive control (MMPC), this paper introduces a new framework for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) formation flight and coordination. Formulated using MMPC approach, the whole centralized formation flight system is considered as a linear periodic system with control inputs of each UAV subsystem as its periodic inputs. Divided into decentralized subsystems, the whole formation flight system is guaranteed stable if proper terminal cost and terminal constraints are added to each decentralized MPC formulation of the UAV subsystem. The decentralized robu

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8

Ghommem, M., and V. M. Calo. "Flapping wings in line formation flight: a computational analysis." Aeronautical Journal 118, no. 1203 (2014): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000009325.

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AbstractThe current understanding of the aerodynamics of birds in formation flights is mostly based on field observations. The interpretation of these observations is usually made using simplified aerodynamic models. Here, we investigate the aerodynamic aspects of formation flights. We use a potential flow solver based on the unsteady vortex lattice method (UVLM) to simulate the flow over flapping wings flying in grouping arrangements and in proximity of each other. UVLM has the capability to capture unsteady effects associated with the wake. We demonstrate the importance of properly capturing

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9

Gosiewski, Zdzisław, and Leszek Ambroziak. "UAV Autonomous Formation Flight Experiment with Virtual Leader Control Structure." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.254.

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The problem of autonomous formation flight control of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) is presented in the paper. A decentralized control method of the autonomous formation flight realization is described. A practical approach to the UAV formation flight control was shown. The applied method bases on the information exchange between flying objects. The shared data concern the position and velocity of the aircraft. Constructed UAV airframe was presented as well as used autopilot, developed formation flight control unit, wireless communication links and used data packet structure. The main aim of

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10

Stankūnas, Jonas, and Vaidotas Kondroška. "FORMATION OF METHODOLOGY TO MODEL REGIONAL AIRSPACE WITH REFERENCE TO TRAFFIC FLOWS." Aviation 16, no. 3 (2012): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2012.732306.

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As the number of flights increases, the ATM system, which forms the basis for air navigation services, has to ensure that those flights are not only safe but also effective. Considering the growing impact of traffic flows and taking into account the not-always-satisfactory indicators of the efficiency of the ATM system, the current ATM system needs changes. Airspace is currently fragmented along national borders, which limits opportunities or even completely prevents the possibility to improve the efficiency of flights, i.e. to perform flights of optimal trajectories and to avoid delays. One o

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Marks, Tobias, Katrin Dahlmann, Volker Grewe, et al. "Climate Impact Mitigation Potential of Formation Flight." Aerospace 8, no. 1 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8010014.

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The aerodynamic formation flight, which is also known as aircraft wake-surfing for efficiency (AWSE), enables aircraft to harvest the energy inherent in another aircraft’s wake vortex. As the thrust of the trailing aircraft can be reduced during cruise flight, the resulting benefit can be traded for longer flight time, larger range, less fuel consumption, or cost savings accordingly. Furthermore, as the amount and location of the emissions caused by the formation are subject to change and saturation effects in the cumulated wake of the formation can occur, AWSE can favorably affect the climate

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Marks, Tobias, Katrin Dahlmann, Volker Grewe, et al. "Climate Impact Mitigation Potential of Formation Flight." Aerospace 8, no. 1 (2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8010014.

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The aerodynamic formation flight, which is also known as aircraft wake-surfing for efficiency (AWSE), enables aircraft to harvest the energy inherent in another aircraft’s wake vortex. As the thrust of the trailing aircraft can be reduced during cruise flight, the resulting benefit can be traded for longer flight time, larger range, less fuel consumption, or cost savings accordingly. Furthermore, as the amount and location of the emissions caused by the formation are subject to change and saturation effects in the cumulated wake of the formation can occur, AWSE can favorably affect the climate

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13

Teoh, Roger, Ulrich Schumann, and Marc E. J. Stettler. "Beyond Contrail Avoidance: Efficacy of Flight Altitude Changes to Minimise Contrail Climate Forcing." Aerospace 7, no. 9 (2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7090121.

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Contrail cirrus introduce a short-lived but significant climate forcing that could be mitigated by small changes in aircraft cruising altitudes. This paper extends a recent study to evaluate the efficacy of several vertical flight diversion strategies to mitigate contrail climate forcing, and estimates impacts to air traffic management (ATM). We use six one-week periods of flight track data in the airspace above Japan (between May 2012 and March 2013), and simulate contrails using the contrail cirrus prediction model (CoCiP). Previous studies have predominantly optimised a diversion of every c

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14

Grygorov, О. М. "FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL REGULATION OF AIR FLIGHTS." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Series: Juridical Sciences 3, no. 2 (2020): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2707-0581/2020.2-3/26.

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15

Yin, Feijia, Volker Grewe, Christine Frömming, and Hiroshi Yamashita. "Impact on flight trajectory characteristics when avoiding the formation of persistent contrails for transatlantic flights." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 65 (December 2018): 466–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.09.017.

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16

Mouze, Michel, and Constant Bagnolini. "Le vol en tandem chez le vautour fauve (Gyps fulvus)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 11 (1995): 2144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-251.

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Tandem flight is a formation that momentarily reunites two vultures flying one above the other at a very short distance. Our study adds the following points to our current knowledge of the subject: (i) the onset of tandem flight is always initiated by only one of the two birds (bird A) that positions itself above the other (tandem A/B), whereas its disruption can be initiated by either of the birds; (ii) the position of the wings in bird A makes its flight very unstable, which ensures maneuverability in dealing with the turbulence caused by bird B. The latter has a more peaceful flight, appare

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17

Heintzenberg, J., M. Hermann, and D. Theiss. "Out of Africa: High aerosol concentrations in the upper troposphere over Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 3 (2003): 2661–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-2661-2003.

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Abstract. In the year 2000, six flights (three southbound and three northbound) of the CARIBIC project were conducted between Germany and two destinations in the southern hemisphere (Windhoek, Namibia and Cape Town, South Africa). In the present report, results on particle number concentrations are discussed in three size ranges (>4 nm, >12 nm, and >18 nm particle diameter) during the unique transequatorial Africa flights. The flights covered a total of about 80 h in May, July, and December. Thus, no claim can be made for long-term representativeness of the aerosol data. Nevertheless,

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Heintzenberg, J., M. Hermann, and D. Theiss. "Out of Africa: High aerosol concentrations in the upper troposphere over Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 4 (2003): 1191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-1191-2003.

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Abstract. In the year 2000, six flights (three southbound and three northbound) of the CARIBIC project were conducted between Germany and two destinations in the southern hemisphere (Windhoek, Namibia and Cape Town, South Africa). In the present report, results on particle number concentrations are discussed in three size ranges (>4 nm, >12 nm, and >18 nm particle diameter) during the unique transequatorial Africa flights. The flights covered a total of about 80 h in May, July, and December. Thus, no claim can be made for long-term representativeness of the aerosol data. Nevertheless,

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19

Proshchina, Alexandra, Victoria Gulimova, Anastasia Kharlamova, et al. "Reproduction and the Early Development of Vertebrates in Space: Problems, Results, Opportunities." Life 11, no. 2 (2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11020109.

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Humans and animals adapt to space flight conditions. However, the adaptive changes of fully formed organisms differ radically from the responses of vertebrate embryos, foetuses, and larvae to space flight. Development is associated with active cell proliferation and the formation of organs and systems. The instability of these processes is well known. Over 20 years has passed since the last systematic experiments on vertebrate reproduction and development in space flight. At the same time, programs are being prepared for the exploration of Mars and the Moon, which justifies further investigati

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TSUSHIMA, Yasuhisa, Sayuri MARUTA, Osamu KOBAYASHI, and Mitsumasa NEMOTO. "754 Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wings in Formation Flights." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2013 (2013): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2013.202.

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21

Huang, Xu, and Ye Yan. "Saturated Backstepping Control of Underactuated Spacecraft Hovering for Formation Flights." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 53, no. 4 (2017): 1988–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2017.2679838.

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22

Gunasekaran, M., and Rinku Mukherjee. "Aerodynamic analysis of wings in Chevron and V formation flights." European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids 84 (November 2020): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2020.06.007.

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23

Zhovnovach, Ruslana, Oleksandr Levchenko, Anatolii Muzychenko, Liliya Koval, and Victoria Vyshnevska. "Ensuring safety of the use of transport enterprises’ resources participating of air carriers’ international alliances." E3S Web of Conferences 255 (2021): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125501050.

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The basis for the formation of an effective mechanism for ensuring the sustainable development of transport enterprises in the field of air passenger transportation should be the requirements of strategic orientation to flight safety standards. The purpose of the article is to summarize the international practice of forming and using a comprehensive mechanism for the use of economic resources for sustainable development of transport enterprises participating in global alliances in the international passenger transportation cluster, which aims to ensure the maximum safety of air flights. The fo

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Bachkalo, B. I., and V. I. Zolotykh. "Methodical apparatus for evaluating the state of aviation system safety and security." Civil Aviation High Technologies 22, no. 6 (2019): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2019-22-6-17-28.

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The article analyzes the existing problems that impede the effective safety management of the flights of the air forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. As a result, this analysis revealed the contradiction between the need to build a safety management system and the lack of effective mechanisms for assessing the state of the aviation system and taking into account the influence of the human factor of aviation professionals on flight safety. The contradiction identified the need for developing a set of methods to estimate the actual state of the aviation system protection from th

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YAMADA, Katsuhiko, Takeya SHIMA, and Shoji YOSHIKAWA. "Effects of Perturbation on Formation Flights around an Eccentric Reference Orbit." Journal of Space Engineering 1, no. 1 (2008): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/spacee.1.69.

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26

Wilson, Glenn F., Brad Purvis, June Skelly, Penny Fullenkamp, and Iris Davis. "Physiological Data Used to Measure Pilot Workload in Actual Flight and Simulator Conditions." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 7 (1987): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100720.

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Three physiological measures of workload; heart rate, eye blink, and EEG were recorded from eight experienced A-7 attack aircraft pilots. Each pilot flew the same familiar training mission three times; one mission in the lead position of a four ship formation and the other as wing, and once in an A-7 simulator. The mission lasted approximately 90 minutes and consisted of take-off, low altitude terrain following, high G maneuvers, inflight navigational updates, weapons delivery, and a high altitude cruise to base, ending in a formation landing. The data show significant differences between simu

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Spitzenberger, Friederike, and Edmund Weiss. "Time keeping in female Myotis emarginatus during reproduction (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)." Lynx new series 51, no. 1 (2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/lynx.2020.010.

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In the years 2012–2017, we studied the annual and diel temporal activity patterns exhibited by female Geoffroy’s bats (Myotis emarginatus) during reproduction by using an infrared light barrier system, videotaping with an infrared camera and sporadic direct counts of juveniles in the roost when the adult bats were not present. We determined the effect of weather on timing and duration of maternity roost occupancy, reproductive periods, return and emergence flights and amount of time spent outside the roost, and estimated the yearly reproductive output. Contrary to the considerable effects of w

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Backup, P., K. Westerlind, S. Harris, T. Spelsberg, B. Kline, and R. Turner. "Spaceflight results in reduced mRNA levels for tissue-specific proteins in the musculoskeletal system." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 266, no. 4 (1994): E567—E573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1994.266.4.e567.

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The purpose of the present study in growing rats was to investigate the effects of short-term spaceflight on gene expression in bone and muscle and on cortical bone histomorphometry. Two experiments were carried out; Physiological Systems Experiments 1 and 2 were 4- and 10-day flights, respectively. Radial bone growth in the humerus was unchanged during the 4-day flight and decreased during the 10-day flight. Expression of mRNA for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was unchanged in biceps, calvarial periosteum, and long-bone periosteum after spaceflight. Similarly, no changes in ribosom

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Gruszecki, Jan, Zbigniew Zajdel, and Pawel Rzucidło. "INFORMATICS TOOLS USING ESTIMATION DURING PILOT TRAINING." Aviation 11, no. 4 (2007): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2007.9635974.

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The human interest in flight simulators and tools that facilitate the effective formation of piloting skills has more than half a century of tradition. Marked growth development of these tools happened after the implementation of digital techniques into the structure of simulators and after the obtainment of independent computer applications the enabling the operator's predispositions and performance level to be controlled and estimated. The questions that are posed in this area of such specific tools have been very often oriented towards the possibility and reasonableness of replacing real tr

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Billingsley, Ethan, Mehdi Ghommem, Rui Vasconcellos, and Abdessattar Abdelkefi. "Role of Active Morphing in the Aerodynamic Performance of Flapping Wings in Formation Flight." Drones 5, no. 3 (2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5030090.

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Migratory birds have the ability to save energy during flight by arranging themselves in a V-formation. This arrangement enables an increase in the overall efficiency of the group because the wake vortices shed by each of the birds provide additional lift and thrust to every member. Therefore, the aerodynamic advantages of such a flight arrangement can be exploited in the design process of micro air vehicles. One significant difference when comparing the anatomy of birds to the design of most micro air vehicles is that bird wings are not completely rigid. Birds have the ability to actively mor

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Mukhin, Andrey, Vlad Kosarev, and Pavel Ktitorov. "Nocturnal life of young songbirds well before migration." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1572 (2005): 1535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3120.

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In songbirds, nocturnal activity is believed to be a characteristic feature of migration. However, unlike experimental conditions where the onset of nocturnal restlessness is defined as a shift of activity leading up to the dark period, this behaviour has, until now, not been observed in natural conditions. Here we studied the nocturnal behaviour of radio-tagged juvenile Eurasian reed warblers ( Acrocephalus scirpaceus ) during the pre-migratory period. The birds started nocturnal flights at the age of 38 days, whereas migration did not commence until they were at least 50 days old. The birds

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32

Kornilova, L. N., V. Grigorova, and G. Bodo. "Vestibular Function and Sensory Interaction in Space Flight." Journal of Vestibular Research 3, no. 3 (1993): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1993-3303.

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The vestibular system and vestibulo-visual interaction were examined in 11 astronauts by the electrooculographic (EOG) method during short- and long-term flights on days 2, 3, 5, 9, 22, 50, 164, and 169 (experiments OPTOKINES and LABYRINTH). In space (flight days 2 and 3), they showed enhanced spontaneous vertical nystagmus, and disorders of tracking of vertical and diagonal movements of the stimulus which improved after active head movements. Early increasing of the reactivity of the cupulo-endolymphatic system (flight days 2–3) was replaced after 5 days of flight with a reduction of the vest

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Chiappe, Luis M., Meng Qingjin, Francisco Serrano, et al. "New Bohaiornis-like bird from the Early Cretaceous of China: enantiornithine interrelationships and flight performance." PeerJ 7 (October 25, 2019): e7846. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7846.

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During the last decade, several Bohaiornis-like enantiornithine species—and numerous specimens—have been recognized from the celebrated Jehol Biota of northwestern China. In this paper, we describe the anatomy of another “bohaiornithid” species from the 125 million-year-old Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. The new taxon differs from previously recognized “bohaiornithids” on a number of characters from the forelimb and shoulder girdle. We also provide a new phylogenetic framework for enantiornithine birds, which questions the monophyly of the previously recognized bohaiornithid cla

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Han, Heesup, and Jinsoo Hwang. "Quality of physical surroundings and service encounters, airfare, trust and intention during the flight." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 27, no. 4 (2015): 585–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2013-0344.

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Purpose This study aimed to examine young, middle-aged and mature air-travelers’ perceptions of the quality levels of in-flight physical surroundings and service encounters, and investigated the drivers of their repurchase intentions in the low-cost airline industry. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 402 passengers on international flights was used. An ANOVA and a series of multiple-regression analyses based on Baron and Kenny’s (1986) suggestion were used. Findings In general, significant differences in quality attributes were identified across age groups. Additionally, the role of thes

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Wehner, B., F. Werner, F. Ditas, R. A. Shaw, M. Kulmala, and H. Siebert. "Observations of new particle formation in enhanced UV irradiance zones near cumulus clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 8 (2015): 12423–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-12423-2015.

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Abstract. During the CARRIBA-campaign (Cloud, Aerosol, Radiation and tuRbulence in the trade wInd regime over BArbados) the interaction between aerosol particles and cloud microphysical properties has been investigated in detail which includes also the influence of clouds on the aerosol formation. During two intensive campaigns in 2010 and 2011 helicopter-borne measurement flights have been performed to investigate the thermodynamic, turbulent, microphysical, and radiative properties of trade wind cumuli over Barbados. During these flights 91 cases with increased aerosol particle number concen

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Wehner, B., F. Werner, F. Ditas, R. A. Shaw, M. Kulmala, and H. Siebert. "Observations of new particle formation in enhanced UV irradiance zones near cumulus clouds." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 20 (2015): 11701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11701-2015.

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Abstract. During the CARRIBA (Cloud, Aerosol, Radiation and tuRbulence in the trade wInd regime over BArbados) campaign, the interaction between aerosol particles and cloud microphysical properties was investigated in detail, which also includes the influence of clouds on the aerosol formation. During two intensive campaigns in 2010 and 2011, helicopter-borne measurement flights were performed to investigate the thermodynamic, turbulent, microphysical, and radiative properties of trade-wind cumuli over Barbados. During these flights, 91 cases with increased aerosol particle number concentratio

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Ambroziak, Leszek, and Zdzisław Gosiewski. "Preliminary UAV Autopilot Integration and In-Flight Testing." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.232.

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The paper presents integration process of commercial autopilot. The autopilot was integrated with a fixed wing airframe. The main aim of this work was an experimental study of the autopilot integrated with a micro aircraft. A few manual and autonomous mode flights were performed. During the field trials the autopilot PID parameters were tuned and, as a result, the process of PID gains selection was described. Selected PID gains were presented. Certain telemetry parameters such as longitudinal and lateral position of aircraft, orientation angles, and angular velocities were logged during flight

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Marszalek, Michael, Oliver Kurz, Maximilian Drentschew, Marco Schmidt, and Klaus Schilling. "Intersatellite Links and Relative Navigation: Pre-conditions for Formation Flights with Pico- and Nanosatellites." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (2011): 3027–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.02369.

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Schobersberger, Wolfgang, Dietmar Fries, Markus Mittermayr, et al. "Changes of biochemical markers and functional tests for clot formation during long-haul flights." Thrombosis Research 108, no. 1 (2002): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0049-3848(02)00347-x.

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IKEDA, Yusuke, Osamu KOBAYASHI, Ichiro NAKAME, and Mitsumasa NEMOTO. "206 Improvement of Lifting Line Method and Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wings in Formation Flights." Proceedings of Yamanashi District Conference 2012 (2012): 42–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeyamanashi.2012.42.

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Field, P. R., A. J. Heymsfield, B. J. Shipway, et al. "Ice in Clouds Experiment–Layer Clouds. Part II: Testing Characteristics of Heterogeneous Ice Formation in Lee Wave Clouds." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 3 (2012): 1066–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-026.1.

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Abstract Heterogeneous ice nucleation is a source of uncertainty in models that represent ice clouds. The primary goal of the Ice in Clouds Experiment–Layer Clouds (ICE-L) field campaign was to determine if a link can be demonstrated between ice concentrations and the physical and chemical characteristics of the ambient aerosol. This study combines a 1D kinematic framework with lee wave cloud observations to infer ice nuclei (IN) concentrations that were compared to IN observations from the same flights. About 30 cloud penetrations from six flights were modeled. The temperature range of the ob

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Obin, Martin S., and Robert K. Vander Meer. "Alate Semiochemicals Release Worker Behavior During Fire Ant Nuptial Flights." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 1 (1994): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.1.143.

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Bioassays conducted during induced laboratory mating flights of Solenopsis invicta Buren investigated whether alate semiochemicals stimulate formation of the worker retinues that accompany alates during the preflight stage. In paired tests comparing worker response to alates vs response to other workers, workers preferentially entered, searched and recruited nestmates to vials that contained either an alate corpse or alate residue. Olfactory cues of both males and gynes (but not workers) attracted workers, induced alarm - recruitment, and promoted alate retrieval. Workers responding to these c

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Latteck, Ralph, Toralf Renkwitz, and Boris Strelnikov. "D region observations by VHF and HF radars during a rocket campaign at Andøya dedicated to investigations of PMWE." Advances in Radio Science 17 (September 19, 2019): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-225-2019.

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Abstract. In April 2018 the PMWE1 sounding rocket campaign was conducted at the Andøya Space Center involving coordinated measurements with rockets and ground instruments to measure parameters relevant for testing of the existing theories of polar mesospheric winter echo (PMWE) formation. The Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) was operated to detect PMWE with multiple beam directions to detect favorable launch conditions. A dedicated experiment configuration with five different beam positions was used to point the radar beam along the planned trajectory of the payload. This special

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Lang, R. M., and George L. Blaisdell. "Localized surface-ice weakness on a glacial ice runway." Journal of Glaciology 42, no. 142 (1996): 426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000003415.

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AbstractFollowing construction of a glacial ice runway on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and prior to flight operations, the runway was proof-rolled. The proof exercise was designed to simulate typical heavy aircraft. Initial testing produced numerous brittle surface failures in the runway ice. Thin sections of ice cores taken from the failed areas showed large crystals (с axis vertical) of clear, blue ice with long, vertical bubbles, indicative of ice formed directly from meltwater. Uniaxial unconfined compression tests on core samples were used to compare runway ice strength with published

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Lang, R. M., and George L. Blaisdell. "Localized surface-ice weakness on a glacial ice runway." Journal of Glaciology 42, no. 142 (1996): 426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000003415.

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AbstractFollowing construction of a glacial ice runway on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and prior to flight operations, the runway was proof-rolled. The proof exercise was designed to simulate typical heavy aircraft. Initial testing produced numerous brittle surface failures in the runway ice. Thin sections of ice cores taken from the failed areas showed large crystals (сaxis vertical) of clear, blue ice with long, vertical bubbles, indicative of ice formed directly from meltwater. Uniaxial unconfined compression tests on core samples were used to compare runway ice strength with published d

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46

Tanzi, Tullio Joseph, Madhu Chandra, Jean Isnard, Daniel Camara, Olivier Sebastien, and Fanilo Harivelo. "TOWARDS "DRONE-BORNE" DISASTER MANAGEMENT: FUTURE APPLICATION SCENARIOS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-8 (June 7, 2016): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-8-181-2016.

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Information plays a key role in crisis management and relief efforts for natural disaster scenarios. Given their flight properties, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) provide new and interesting perspectives on the data gathering for disaster management. A new generation of UAVs may help to improve situational awareness and information assessment. Among the advantages UAVs may bring to the disaster management field, we can highlight the gain in terms of time and human resources, as they can free rescue teams from time-consuming data collection tasks and assist research operations with more insigh

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47

Tanzi, Tullio Joseph, Madhu Chandra, Jean Isnard, Daniel Camara, Olivier Sebastien, and Fanilo Harivelo. "TOWARDS "DRONE-BORNE" DISASTER MANAGEMENT: FUTURE APPLICATION SCENARIOS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-8 (June 7, 2016): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-8-181-2016.

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Information plays a key role in crisis management and relief efforts for natural disaster scenarios. Given their flight properties, UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) provide new and interesting perspectives on the data gathering for disaster management. A new generation of UAVs may help to improve situational awareness and information assessment. Among the advantages UAVs may bring to the disaster management field, we can highlight the gain in terms of time and human resources, as they can free rescue teams from time-consuming data collection tasks and assist research operations with more insigh

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Lührs, Benjamin, Florian Linke, Sigrun Matthes, Volker Grewe, and Feijia Yin. "Climate Impact Mitigation Potential of European Air Traffic in a Weather Situation with Strong Contrail Formation." Aerospace 8, no. 2 (2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8020050.

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Air traffic contributes to anthropogenic global warming by about 5% due to CO2 emissions and non-CO2 effects, which are primarily caused by the emission of NOx and water vapor as well as the formation of contrails. Since—in the long term—the aviation industry is expected to maintain its trend to grow, mitigation measures are required to counteract its negative effects upon the environment. One of the promising operational mitigation measures that has been a subject of the EU project ATM4E is climate-optimized flight planning by considering algorithmic climate change functions that allow for th

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Becker, Wilhelm, Julia Marxen, Matthias Epple, and Oliver Reelsen. "Influence of microgravity on crystal formation in biomineralization." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 4 (2000): 1601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.4.1601.

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Biomineralized tissues are widespread in animals. They are essential elements in skeletons and in statocysts. The function of both can only be understood with respect to gravitational force, which has always been present. Therefore, it is not astonishing to identify microgravity as a factor influencing biomineralization, normally resulting in the reduction of biomineralized materials. All known biominerals are composite materials, in which the organic matrix and the inorganic materials, organized in crystals, interact. If, during remodeling and turnover processes under microgravity, a defectiv

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Çiftçioǧlu, Neva, Ruwaida S. Haddad, D. C. Golden, Dennis R. Morrison, and David S. McKay. "A potential cause for kidney stone formation during space flights: Enhanced growth of nanobacteria in microgravity." Kidney International 67, no. 2 (2005): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.67105.x.

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