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Journal articles on the topic 'Formation of photochemical smog'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

HEICKLEN, JULIAN. "The Formation and Inhibition of Photochemical Smog." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 502, no. 1 Environmental (1987): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb37649.x.

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2

Lu, Haoxian, Xiaopu Lyu, Hairong Cheng, Zhenhao Ling, and Hai Guo. "Overview on the spatial–temporal characteristics of the ozone formation regime in China." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 21, no. 6 (2019): 916–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00098d.

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Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), a main component in photochemical smog, is a secondary pollutant formed through complex photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

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3

Madronich, S., M. Shao, S. R. Wilson, K. R. Solomon, J. D. Longstreth, and X. Y. Tang. "Changes in air quality and tropospheric composition due to depletion of stratospheric ozone and interactions with changing climate: implications for human and environmental health." Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences 14, no. 1 (2015): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4pp90037e.

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Carrasco-Venegas, Luis Américo, Luz Genara Castañeda-Pérez, Daril Giovanni Martínez-Hilario, et al. "Mathematical Modeling of Photochemical and Chemical Interactions in Photochemical Smog Formation." Processes 13, no. 5 (2025): 1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051384.

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Atmospheric pollution results from toxic gases in low concentrations, originating from natural processes and human activities. These gases interact with each other in the presence of solar radiation, forming much more complex compounds that contribute to the formation of photochemical smog. This study presents a mathematical model to estimate the daily concentrations of primary and secondary pollutants, assuming that spatial variation is not considered within a control volume. The model includes nitrogen oxides, ozone, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, and other gases, which are related throu

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Muilwijk, C., P. J. C. Schrijvers, S. Wuerz, and S. Kenjereš. "Simulations of photochemical smog formation in complex urban areas." Atmospheric Environment 147 (December 2016): 470–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.10.022.

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6

Hagino, Hiroyuki, and Risa Uchida. "Effects of Ammonia Mitigation on Secondary Organic Aerosol and Ammonium Nitrate Particle Formation in Photochemical Reacted Gasoline Vehicle Exhausts." Atmosphere 15, no. 9 (2024): 1061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091061.

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Gaseous air pollutants emitted primarily by anthropogenic sources form secondary products through photochemical reactions, complicating the regulatory analysis of anthropogenic emissions in the atmosphere. We used an environmental chassis dynamometer and a photochemical smog chamber to conduct a parameter sensitivity experiment to investigate the formation of secondary products from a gasoline passenger car. To simulate the mitigation of ammonia emissions from gasoline vehicle exhausts assuming future emission controls and to allow photochemical oxidation and aging of the vehicle exhaust, ammo

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Nitu, Sehrawat, and Chauhan Ritika. "Investigatory Studies on Pattern in Enhancement in Fine Particulate Matter in the Delhi during winters." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIO-MEDICAL SCIENCE 03, no. 03 (2023): 98–101. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695115.

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Smog is a harmful mixture of fog, smoke, dust and air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds etc. Ground ozone can cause distressing health effect. Smog is a complex atmospheric pollutant mixture consisting of ozone, a pollutant with adverse effects on human health, vegetation, and materials; other eye-irritant and phytotoxic pollutants (such as aldehydes and peroxyacetyl nitrates); nitrogen dioxide (cause of the “whiskey-brown” color in the Los-Angeles atmosphere); and fine particles that cause adverse health effects, reduce visibility, and cause

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Sakamaki, Fumio, and Hajime Akimoto. "HONO formation as unknown radical source in photochemical smog chamber." International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 20, no. 2 (1988): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550200204.

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9

Grenfell, John Lee, Barbara Stracke, Beate Patzer, Ruth Titz, and Heike Rauer. "Potential of ozone formation by the smog mechanism to shield the surface of the early Earth from UV radiation." International Journal of Astrobiology 5, no. 4 (2006): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550406003478.

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We propose that the photochemical smog mechanism produced substantial ozone (O3) in the troposphere during the Proterozoic period, which contributed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation shielding, and hence favoured the establishment of life. The smog mechanism is well established and is associated with pollution hazes that sometimes cover modern cities. The mechanism proceeds via the oxidation of volatile organic compounds such as methane (CH4) in the presence of UV radiation and nitrogen oxides (NOx). It would have been particularly favoured during the Proterozoic period given the high levels of CH

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10

Irfan Malik. "SMOG AND HEALTH." Pakistan Postgraduate Medical Journal 33, no. 02 (2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51642/ppmj.v33i02.496.

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Smog is a declared threatening Public Health Emergency in South Asia recently. The most affected areas are Pakistan, India, and China.1 Pakistan is today the world's fourth most polluted country due to industrial and vehicular emissions, crop burning, and recent projects of coal as a source of energy. The air pollution level in our region is getting alarming and is considered to be among the unhealthiest worldwide.2 Most of the smog we see is "Photochemical Smog" containing volatile organic compounds, hydrocarbons, nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide. When the sunlight reacts with the nitrogen

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11

Dhanraj and Ram Bilas Meena. "Mechanism of Formation of Smog and some Adverse Effect of Smog on Environment and Human Being." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 11 (2023): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56235.

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Abstract: The formation of smog is a complex chemical process with significant implications for the environment and human health. This phenomenon primarily results from the interplay of various reactants and products, with its origins tracing back to specific sources. The key contributors to photochemical smog include nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and the energy source that drives the reaction—sunlight. Notably, pollutants like nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons are byproducts of fossil fuel combustion, primarily emitted from coal-fired power plants and various energy production facilities. Add

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12

Sipakov, Rostyslav, Olena Voloshkina, Julia Bereznitska, and Volodimir Trofimovich. "Assessment and forecast for the creation of photochemical smog over transport overpasses in Kyiv." DSpace at USEFUL.academy, no. 2018 (February 23, 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/dsua/20.500.12334/24.

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This article deals with the analysis of existing models of smog situation formation over automobile overpasses and in places of substantial congestion of transport in large cities, for example, in Kyiv. A mathematical model consisting of two blocks – dynamic and kinetic, which allows determining the formation of the thermal dome of pollution and the concentration of hydrocarbon emissions in the air, depending on the number of working engines, is proposed. The kinetic block of the model allows determining the level of formaldehyde, as an indicator of the appearance of photochemical smog in cond

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13

Wei, Xiaolin, Ka-se Lam, Chunyan Cao, Hui Li, and Jiajia He. "Dynamics of the Typhoon Haitang Related High Ozone Episode over Hong Kong." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6089154.

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It has been previously established that photochemical smog occurring in the Pearl River Delta Region (PRD) was associated with stagnant meteorological conditions. However, the photochemical smog (17 July to 20 July 2005) induced by typhoon Haitang was associated with moderate wind speed and nonstagnant meteorological conditions. The dynamic process of this ozone episode was studied using an integrated numerical model, that is, a mesoscale meteorological model and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Model performance has been evaluated using both ground-based meteorological and air q

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14

Kashif, Saif-ur-Rehman, Sadia Ismail Shah, and Fariha Arooj. "Outdoor Air Quality as Influenced by Vehicular Exhaust in Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 62, no. 3 (2019): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.62.3.2019.190.196.

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This study was conducted to estimate the contribution of vehicular exhaust gases towards ambient air quality in Lahore, Pakistan during 2017. LANDCOM-III flue gas analyzer was used for determination of vehicular exhaust pollutants (CO, SO2, NO2, NO, H2S, HC) for five vehicles groups (motor bikes, Qingqi rickshaw, local cars, imported cars and public transport vans) from April to September, 2017. Major pollutants were compared with their National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for the country. Ambient air quality was monitored using Haz scanner HIM-6000 during smog formation in the city

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15

Wakamatsu, Shinji, Itsushi Uno, and Makoto Suzuki. "A field study of photochemical smog formation under stagnant meteorological conditions." Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics 24, no. 5 (1990): 1037–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(90)90072-u.

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16

Girotto, Sandy Bernardi Falcadi Tedesco, Flávio José Simioni, Yara de Souza Tadano, Valdeci José Costa, and Rodrigo Augusto Freitas de Alvarenga. "Evaluation of characterization models for the photochemical smog impact category focused on the Brazilian reality." LALCA: Revista Latino-Americana em Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida 3 (December 31, 2019): e34263. http://dx.doi.org/10.18225/lalca.v3i0.4263.

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The Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) is composed of characterization models, and in Brazil, the methodological and scientific LCIA framework is still under development. The research’s aim was to evaluate the literature available characterization models to photochemical smog category. Thus, the contribution of work is recommending one of these models to be used in Brazilian LCA studies, standardizing the studies in Brazil. The methodology consisted of searching the literature and selecting, describing and analyzing the characterization models as well as elaborating a table of criteria for be

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17

Lim, Yong Bin, Hwajin Kim, Jin Young Kim, and Barbara J. Turpin. "Photochemical organonitrate formation in wet aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 19 (2016): 12631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12631-2016.

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Abstract. Water is the most abundant component of atmospheric fine aerosol. However, despite rapid progress, multiphase chemistry involving wet aerosols is still poorly understood. In this work, we report results from smog chamber photooxidation of glyoxal- and OH-containing ammonium sulfate or sulfuric acid particles in the presence of NOx and O3 at high and low relative humidity. Particles were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). During the 3 h irradiation, OH oxidation products of glyoxal that are als

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18

Sumaryati, Sumaryati, Asri Indrawati, and Dyah Aries Tanti. "Kondisi Gradien Temperatur terhadap Proses Pengenceran Smog Fotokimia di Cekungan Bandung." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 21, no. 2 (2020): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v21i2.3977.

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ABSTRACTBig cities with valley or basin topography such as Bandung, generally have problems with air pollution due to the inversion layer and photochemical smog formations. The inversion conditions cause photochemical smog settling so that the air looks dark on the surface. This study was conducted to analyze the character of inversion events in Bandung due to vertical temperature changes. The inversion layer is obtained from the TAPM (The Air Pollution Model) model and in situ measurement of vertical temperatures by flying a temperature sensor to get the temperature profile. The TAPM running

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19

Moussiopoulos, N., P. Sahm, and Ch Kessler. "Numerical simulation of photochemical smog formation in Athens, Greece—A case study." Atmospheric Environment 29, no. 24 (1995): 3619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1352-2310(95)00199-9.

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20

Olcese, L. E., J. E. Penner, and S. Sillman. "Development of a secondary organic aerosol formation mechanism: comparison with smog chamber experiments and atmospheric measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 3 (2007): 8361–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-8361-2007.

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Abstract. A new mechanism to simulate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from reactive primary hydrocarbons is presented, together with comparisons with experimental smog chamber results and ambient measurements found in the literature. The SOA formation mechanism is based on an approach using calculated vapor pressures and a selection of species that can partition to the aerosol phase from a gas phase photochemical mechanism. The mechanism has been validated against smog chamber measurements using α-pinene, xylene and toluene as SOA precursors, and has an average error of 17%.

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21

Hoekman, S. Kent, and J. Steve Welstand. "Vehicle Emissions and Air Quality: The Early Years (1940s–1950s)." Atmosphere 12, no. 10 (2021): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101354.

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During the 1940s, an unusual form of air pollution was experienced in the Los Angeles (LA) area of Southern California. Referred to as LA smog, this pollution differed from previously known air pollution with respect to its temporal patterns (daytime formation and nighttime dissipation), eye irritation, high oxidant levels, and plant damage. Early laboratory and field experimentation discovered the photochemical origins of LA smog. Though mechanistic understanding was incomplete, it was determined that hydrocarbon (HC) compounds in the atmosphere participate in smog formation, enabling build-u

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22

Miracolo, M. A., C. J. Hennigan, M. Ranjan, et al. "Secondary aerosol formation from photochemical aging of aircraft exhaust in a smog chamber." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (2010): 27893–924. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-27893-2010.

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Abstract. Field experiments were performed to investigate the effects of photo-oxidation on fine particle emissions from an in-use CFM56-2B gas turbine engine mounted on a KC-135 Stratotanker airframe. Emissions were sampled into a portable smog chamber from a rake inlet installed one-meter downstream of the engine exit plane of a parked and chocked aircraft. The chamber was then exposed to sunlight and/or UV lights to initiate photo-oxidation. Separate tests were performed at different engine loads (4, 7, 30, 85%). Photo-oxidation created substantial secondary particulate matter (PM), greatly

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23

Leon-Rodriguez, Frida Ma, Armando Aguilar-Marquez, Vladimir Tchijov, and Arturo Aguirre-Gomez. "Reactivity of n-butane in the formation of photochemical smog in Mexico City." International Journal of Environment and Pollution 26, no. 1/2/3 (2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijep.2006.009096.

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24

Weitkamp, Emily A., Amy M. Sage, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Neil M. Donahue, and Allen L. Robinson. "Organic Aerosol Formation from Photochemical Oxidation of Diesel Exhaust in a Smog Chamber." Environmental Science & Technology 41, no. 20 (2007): 6969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es070193r.

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25

Miracolo, M. A., C. J. Hennigan, M. Ranjan, et al. "Secondary aerosol formation from photochemical aging of aircraft exhaust in a smog chamber." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 9 (2011): 4135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-4135-2011.

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Abstract. Field experiments were performed to investigate the effects of photo-oxidation on fine particle emissions from an in-use CFM56-2B gas turbine engine mounted on a KC-135 Stratotanker airframe. Emissions were sampled into a portable smog chamber from a rake inlet installed one-meter downstream of the engine exit plane of a parked and chocked aircraft. The chamber was then exposed to sunlight and/or UV lights to initiate photo-oxidation. Separate tests were performed at different engine loads (4, 7, 30, 85 %). Photo-oxidation created substantial secondary particulate matter (PM), greatl

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26

He, Zhuoran, Xuemei Wang, Zhenhao Ling, et al. "Contributions of different anthropogenic volatile organic compound sources to ozone formation at a receptor site in the Pearl River Delta region and its policy implications." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 13 (2019): 8801–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8801-2019.

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Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors of photochemical smog. Quantitatively evaluating the contributions of VOC sources to ozone (O3) formation could provide valuable information for emissions control and photochemical pollution abatement. This study analyzed continuous measurements of VOCs during the photochemical season in 2014 at a receptor site (Heshan site, HS) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, where photochemical pollution has been a long-standing issue. The averaged mixing ratio of measured VOCs was 34±3 ppbv, with the largest contribution from alkanes (17±

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27

Xue, Likun, Rongrong Gu, Tao Wang, et al. "Oxidative capacity and radical chemistry in the polluted atmosphere of Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region: analysis of a severe photochemical smog episode." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 15 (2016): 9891–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9891-2016.

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Abstract. We analyze a photochemical smog episode to understand the oxidative capacity and radical chemistry of the polluted atmosphere in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. A photochemical box model based on the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.2) is constrained by an intensive set of field observations to elucidate the budgets of ROx (ROx = OH+HO2+RO2) and NO3 radicals. Highly abundant radical precursors (i.e. O3, HONO and carbonyls), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) facilitate strong production and efficient recycling of ROx radicals. The OH reacti

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28

Sipakov, Rostyslav, Olena Voloshkina, Volodimir Trofimovich, and Julia Bereznitska. "IMPACT OF WEATHER FACTORS ON THE SPEED OF THE REACTION OF FORMALDEHYDE FORMATION ABOVE MOTORWAY OVERPASSES." DSpace at USEFUL.academy, no. 2018 (July 2018): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/issn.2640-9631/2018-3.

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The analysis of the actual air condition in the city of Kyiv in the areas of big overpasses and crossroads shows that the average annual concentration of formaldehyde more than 3 times exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of this toxic substance. One of the most powerful sources of formaldehyde formation in the air of the city is motor vehicles. The role of weather factors in formaldehyde formation rate (K) depending on capacity of emissions of internal combustion engines has been analyzed in this article. The equation for determining rate constant has been obtained, which depen

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29

Xu, Z., J. Zhang, G. Yang, and M. Hu. "Acyl peroxy nitrate measurements during the photochemical smog season in Beijing, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 3 (2011): 10265–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-10265-2011.

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Abstract. In situ measurements of acyl peroxy nitrates (PANs), including peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), peroxypropionyl nitrate (PPN), and peroxymethacryloyl nitrate (MPAN), were conducted using a gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) system during the photochemical smog season in Beijing, China. The maximum mixing ratios were 17.81, 2.48, and 0.27 ppbv for PAN, PPN, and MPAN, respectively. During the measurement period, PAN levels twice exceeded the maximum recommended mixing ratio established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Average ratios of PAN/PPN, PAN/MPAN, and PPN/MP

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Lee, Seung-Bok, Gwi-Nam Bae, Young-Mee Lee, Kil-Choo Moon, and Mansoo Choi. "Correlation between Light Intensity and Ozone Formation for Photochemical Smog in Urban Air of Seoul." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 10, no. 6 (2010): 540–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2010.05.0036.

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31

Zhen, Wen Long, Rui Tang Guo, Wei Guo Pan, Yan Wu Gao, and Chao Lin Shi. "The Preparation and Current Situation of Ce and Mn Catalyst." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1612–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1612.

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NOx is the main air pollutant of coal-fired power plants, which is one of the important reasons to cause pollution such as acid rain, photochemical smog and so on. Selective catalytic reduction process is the major technology for reducing NOx emissions from coal-fired power plants. However, the commercial vanaidia-based catalyst is active within a narrow temperature window of 300-400°C, easily to be deacticed by SO2 in the flue gas. And the formation of N2O and toxicity of vanaidia cause secondary pollution. Therefore, it is of more importance to develop a new environmental-friendly catalyst f

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32

Ahmad, Aimi Nursyahirah, Samsuri Abdullah, Amalina Abu Mansor, et al. "Assessment of Daytime and Nighttime Ground Level Ozone Pollution in Malaysian Urban Areas." NOVEMBER 2023 19, no. 6 (2023): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.19.6.32.

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Introduction: Ozone (O3) is a significant component of photochemical smog as a typical secondary which is formed via nitrogen oxide photochemical interactions with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This research discerns the complex influence of meteorological parameters and air pollutants influencing O3 concentrations. Methods: Data were acquired from 1 January 2018 until 31 December 2020 that including ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide (NOx), nitric oxide (NO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), wind speed, solar radiation, temper

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Aidaoui, Lakhdar, Athanasios G. Triantafyllou, Abbes Azzi, Stylianos K. Garas, and Vasileios N. Matthaios. "Elevated stacks’ pollutants’ dispersion and its contributions to photochemical smog formation in a heavily industrialized area." Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health 8, no. 2 (2014): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-014-0300-9.

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Liu, T., X. Wang, W. Deng, et al. "Secondary organic aerosol formation from photochemical aging of light-duty gasoline vehicle exhausts in a smog chamber." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 7 (2015): 10553–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-10553-2015.

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Abstract. In China, fast increase in passenger vehicles has procured the growing concern about vehicle exhausts as an important source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in megacities hard-hit by haze. However, there are still no chamber simulation studies in China on SOA formation from vehicle exhausts. In this study, the SOA formation of emissions from two idling light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) (Euro 1 and Euro 4) in China was investigated in a 30 m3 smog chamber. Five photo-oxidation experiments were carried out at 25 °C with the relative humidity around 50%. After aging

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Liu, T., X. Wang, W. Deng, et al. "Secondary organic aerosol formation from photochemical aging of light-duty gasoline vehicle exhausts in a smog chamber." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 15 (2015): 9049–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9049-2015.

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Abstract. In China, a rapid increase in passenger vehicles has led to the growing concern of vehicle exhaust as an important source of anthropogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in megacities hard hit by haze. In this study, the SOA formation of emissions from two idling light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) (Euro 1 and Euro 4) operated in China was investigated in a 30 m3 smog chamber. Five photo-oxidation experiments were carried out at 25 °C with relative humidity at around 50 %. After aging at an OH exposure of 5 × 106 molecules cm−3 h, the formed SOA was 12–259 times as high as primary

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Salvador, Christian Mark Garcia, Rongzhi Tang, Michael Priestley, et al. "Ambient nitro-aromatic compounds – biomass burning versus secondary formation in rural China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 3 (2021): 1389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1389-2021.

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Abstract. Nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) were measured hourly at a rural site in China during wintertime to monitor the changes due to local and regional impacts of biomass burning (BB). Concurrent and continuous measurements of the concentrations of 16 NACs in the gas and particle phases were performed with a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) equipped with a Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsols (FIGAERO) unit using iodide as the reagent ion. NACs accounted for <2 % of the mass concentration of organic matter (OM) and total particulate matter (PM), but the total pa

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37

Tomatis, Marco, Hong-Hui Xu, Jun He, and Xiao-Dong Zhang. "Recent Development of Catalysts for Removal of Volatile Organic Compounds in Flue Gas by Combustion: A Review." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8324826.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from anthropogenic sources pose direct and indirect hazards to both atmospheric environment and human health due to their contribution to the formation of photochemical smog and potential toxicity including carcinogenicity. Therefore, to abate VOCs emission, the catalytic oxidation process has been extensively studied in laboratories and widely applied in various industries. This report is mainly focused on the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) with additional discussion about chlorinated VOCs. This review covers the recent developments

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Zhao, Qiuyue, Jun Bi, Qian Liu, et al. "Sources of volatile organic compounds and policy implications for regional ozone pollution control in an urban location of Nanjing, East China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 6 (2020): 3905–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3905-2020.

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Abstract. Understanding the composition, temporal variability and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is necessary for determining effective control measures to minimize VOCs and their related photochemical pollution. To provide a comprehensive analysis of VOC sources and their contributions to ozone (O3) formation in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) – a region experiencing the highest rates of industrial and economic development in China – we conducted a 1-year sampling exercise using a thermal desorption GC (gas chromatography) system for the first time at an urban site in

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Ceulemans, K., S. Compernolle та J. F. Müller. "Parameterising secondary organic aerosol from α-pinene using a detailed oxidation and aerosol formation model". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, № 12 (2012): 5343–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5343-2012.

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Abstract. A new parameter model for α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is presented, based on simulations with the detailed model BOREAM (Biogenic hydrocarbon Oxidation and Related Aerosol formation Model). The parameterisation takes into account the influence of temperature, type of oxidant, NOx-regime, photochemical ageing and water uptake, and is suitable for use in global chemistry transport models. BOREAM is validated against recent photooxidation smog chamber experiments, for which it reproduces SOA yields to within a factor of 2 in most cases. In the simple chemical mechanism of t

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Zhang, Si, Yining Gao, Xinbei Xu, et al. "Heterogeneous formation and light absorption of secondary organic aerosols from acetone photochemical reactions: remarkably enhancing effects of seeds and ammonia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 24 (2024): 14177–90. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14177-2024.

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from highly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are currently not well represented in numerical models as their heterogeneous formation mechanisms in the atmosphere remain unclear. Based on the smog chamber experiments, here we investigated the yield and formation pathway of SOA from acetone photochemical reactions under low-NOx conditions in the presence of preexisting haze particles ((NH4)2SO4 and NH4HSO4) and saline mineral particles (Na2SO4) under ammonia-rich conditions. Our results showed that the yield of acetone-derived SOA is remarkably enhanc

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Ceulemans, K., S. Compernolle та J. F. Müller. "Parameterising secondary organic aerosol from α-pinene using a detailed oxidation and aerosol formation model". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, № 8 (2011): 23421–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-23421-2011.

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Abstract. A new 10-product parameter model for α-pinene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is presented, based on simulations with the detailed model BOREAM (Biogenic hydrocarbon Oxidation and Related Aerosol formation Model). The parameterisation takes into account the influence of temperature, type of oxidant, NOx-regime, photochemical ageing and water uptake, and is suitable for use in global chemistry transport models. BOREAM is validated against recent photooxidation smog chamber experiments, for which it reproduces SOA yields to within a factor of 2 in most cases. In the simple chemical mec

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Ge, Shuangshuang, Yongfu Xu, and Long Jia. "Secondary organic aerosol formation from ethyne in the presence of NaCl in a smog chamber." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 4 (2016): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en15155.

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Environmental context Ethyne is the lightest of the non-methane hydrocarbons, whose oxidation product, glyoxal, is an important precursor of secondary organic aerosol. This study explores the effects of relative humidity on the formation of secondary organic aerosol under irradiation in the presence of nitrogen oxides and sodium chloride. Results show that relative humidity can enhance aerosol formation, which provides evidence of the contribution of ethyne to organic particles. Abstract The heterogeneous photochemical oxidation of ethyne was investigated under different relative humidity (RH)

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Kristensen, K., K. L. Enggrob, S. M. King, et al. "Formation and occurrence of dimer esters of pinene oxidation products in atmospheric aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 8 (2012): 22103–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-22103-2012.

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Abstract. Formation of carboxylic acids and dimer esters from α-pinene oxidation were investigated in a smog chamber and in ambient aerosol samples collected during the Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX). Chamber experiments of α-pinene ozonolysis in dry air and at low NOx concentrations demonstrated formation of two dimer esters, pinyl-diaterpenyl (MW 358) and pinonyl-pinyl dimer ester (MW 368), under both low and high temperature conditions. Concentration levels of the pinyl-diaterpenyl dimer ester were lower than the assumed first-generation oxidation prod

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Kristensen, K., K. L. Enggrob, S. M. King, et al. "Formation and occurrence of dimer esters of pinene oxidation products in atmospheric aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 7 (2013): 3763–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-3763-2013.

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Abstract. The formation of carboxylic acids and dimer esters from α-pinene oxidation was investigated in a smog chamber and in ambient aerosol samples collected during the Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX). Chamber experiments of α-pinene ozonolysis in dry air and at low NOx concentrations demonstrated formation of two dimer esters, pinyl-diaterpenyl (MW 358) and pinonyl-pinyl dimer ester (MW 368), under both low- and high-temperature conditions. Concentration levels of the pinyl-diaterpenyl dimer ester were lower than the assumed first-generation oxidation

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Chen, Weiwei, and Na Wang. "Study on the Biotoxicity, Microbial Degradation and Metabolism, and Solidification of Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons (MACHs)." Frontiers in Science and Engineering 3, no. 11 (2023): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fse.v3i11.5706.

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Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MACHs), also known as aromatic organic compounds, are a general term for benzene and its derivatives. In a broad sense, monoaromatic hydrocarbons include all aromatic compounds. It can be used as an organic solvent in building decoration materials and is also widely used in other industries such as dye manufacturing, rubber manufacturing, pharmaceutical industry, pesticide industry, etc. Therefore, monoaromatic hydrocarbons are common pollutants emitted by human activities and can be widely detected in human living and living environments. With the development of Chi

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Gordon, T. D., A. A. Presto, A. A. May, et al. "Secondary organic aerosol formation exceeds primary particulate matter emissions for light-duty gasoline vehicles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 9 (2013): 23173–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-23173-2013.

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Abstract. The effects of photochemical aging on emissions from 15 light-duty gasoline vehicles were investigated using a smog chamber to probe the critical link between the tailpipe and ambient atmosphere. The vehicles were recruited from the California in-use fleet; they represent a wide range of model years (1987 to 2011), vehicle types and emission control technologies. Each vehicle was tested on a chassis dynamometer using the unified cycle. Dilute emissions were sampled into a portable smog chamber and then photochemically aged under urban-like conditions. For every vehicle, substantial s

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Gordon, T. D., A. A. Presto, A. A. May, et al. "Secondary organic aerosol formation exceeds primary particulate matter emissions for light-duty gasoline vehicles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 9 (2014): 4661–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4661-2014.

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Abstract. The effects of photochemical aging on emissions from 15 light-duty gasoline vehicles were investigated using a smog chamber to probe the critical link between the tailpipe and ambient atmosphere. The vehicles were recruited from the California in-use fleet; they represent a wide range of model years (1987 to 2011), vehicle types and emission control technologies. Each vehicle was tested on a chassis dynamometer using the unified cycle. Dilute emissions were sampled into a portable smog chamber and then photochemically aged under urban-like conditions. For every vehicle, substantial s

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ПРОНЧЕВ, Г. Б., та А. Н. ЕРМАКОВ. "МЕХАНИЗМ НЕФОТОХИМИЧЕСКОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ОЦЕНКА СКОРОСТИ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ СУЛЬФАТОВ В АТМОСФЕРНОЙ ДЫМКЕ". Optika atmosfery i okeana 38, № 3(434) (2025): 178–84. https://doi.org/10.15372/aoo20250303.

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Причины возникновения в зимних условиях плотных нефотохимических дымок (смогов) над Пекином до сих пор слабо изучены. Представлены результаты исследования механизма каталитического окисления сернистого газа молекулярным кислородом в частицах аэрозоля и образования плотных нефотохимических дымок. Получены оценки скорости накопления сульфатов в малообводненных частицах аэрозоля. Показано, что быстрое накопление SO42-(аэр) (десятки мкг × м-3 × ч-1) наблюдается лишь при высокой влажности воздуха и кислотности влаги в частицах рН = 3,7¸4,8. Причиной быстрого накопления служит переход в этих условия

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Shevchenko, O., S. Snizhko, and N. Danilova. "Air pollution by nitrogen dioxide in Kiev city." Ukrainian hydrometeorological journal, no. 16 (October 29, 2017): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31481/uhmj.16.2015.01.

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In the article main nitrogen dioxide emissions sources in a big cities was analysed. Shown the temporal dynamics of average annual concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in Kiev city for time period 1985 - 2012, analyzed concentration of this pollutant in different part of the city and frequency of cases of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) exceeding. The highest concentrations of nitrogen dioxide observed in the central part of the city in some months the warm season. The frequency of cases exceeding of MAC in the air usually exceeds 50% and in the warm season 2012 average concentration of NO

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Lelieveld, J., P. Hoor, P. Jöckel, et al. "Severe ozone air pollution in the Persian Gulf region." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 4 (2009): 1393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-1393-2009.

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Abstract. Recently it was discovered that over the Middle East during summer ozone mixing ratios can reach a pronounced maximum in the middle troposphere. Here we extend the analysis to the surface and show that especially in the Persian Gulf region conditions are highly favorable for ozone air pollution. We apply the EMAC atmospheric chemistry-climate model to investigate long-distance transport and the regional formation of ozone. Further, we make use of available in situ and satellite measurements and compare these with model output. The results indicate that the region is a hot spot of pho

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