Academic literature on the topic 'Formation of the technical administration'

В статье рассмотрены вопросы эффективности государственного управления, касающиеся обеспечения экономии средств государственного бюджета и создания условий для повышения конкурентоспособности продукции пожарно-технического и аварийно-спасательного назначения The article deals with the issues of public administration efficiency related with the saving of the state budget as well as formation of conditions for increasing the competitiveness of fire-technical and emergency-rescue products.

The purpose of the article is to characterize the conditions for the transformation of pub- lic administration in the digital age. The relevance of the research is connected with the actively spreading digital innovations, which increasingly cover the frontiers of public ad- ministration, forming a new framework for institutional changes. These changes need competent reflection and systematization. The theoretical part of the work is devoted to the discussion of the concepts of “open government”, “digital government”, “digital trans- formation”, which have become one of the key elements of public management discourse. The process of digitalization involves the free flow of information from public authorities to the public and third parties, such as civil society organizations and the media, as well as from the public and third parties to the authorities, and is at the heart of well-function- ing open governments that are successfully undergoing the path of digital transformation. Methodologically, the article is based on expert interviews with representatives of public authorities of St. Petersburg, aimed at forming an idea of the institutional framework for the transformation of public administration in the context of digitalization. The author of the article conducted a number of expert interviews with the deputy heads of the districts of St. Petersburg and the deputy chairmen of the committees. As a method of interview analysis, the content analysis of the interview was used using the software ATLAS.ti 9 (http://atlasti.com). The main procedures implemented in this program are coding and grouping by category. As a result of the study, 16 codes were identified, which were com- bined into 3 semantic categories: macro-institutional conditions, micro-institutional condi- tions, and technical conditions for successful transformation of public administration in the context of digitalization. Analyzing the interview data, the author comes to the conclusion that the success of the transformation of public administration in the era of digitalization is directly related to the efforts and resources allocated by public sector bodies to imple- ment the law or policy, both at the time of implementation and over time. In other words, the interweaving of macroinstitutional, microinstitutional, and technical conditions plays a critical role. At the same time, the competencies of civil servants at all levels of govern- ment are a unifying element, a generative factor in the implementation of both macro-in- stitutional, micro-institutional, and technical conditions for the transformation of public administration in the era of digitalization.

The purpose of the article is to consider the history of the public administration system development in Russia via various aspects and features. The analysis and accounting of Russian historical expe-rience in building the integral system of state incentives in the context of the management vertical formation is very relevant today. The article presents the author's approach to the state incentives consideration in the context of the state awards institution, taking into account legal and technical regulation of this process in various regulatory legal acts. The purpose of the article is to consider the genesis of the state awards institution and its formalization in regulatory legal acts in the context of public administration functioning. The subject of the study is the Russian state awards system and the system of normative acts regulating the award mechanism, both considered in historical retro-spect. The authors summarize that the institute of state incentives as a mechanism of public admin-istration is in permanent development and, today, it is designed for stimulating state-significant activi-ties in various fields, and the award mechanism, having passed a long evolutionary period, is cur-rently regulated by a number of specialized regulatory legal acts of the federal and regional levels.

Abstract Massive haemorrhage is a major cause of death in trauma patients. In military trauma cases the exsanquination is the reason of death in 44% (WDMET Vietnam war 1967–1969, 8000 casualties) In civilian trauma 39% of patients die because of massive haemorrhage. (Sauaia A et al. J. Trauma, 1995; 38:185–193). Massive bleeding is responsible for the death of more than 80% of trauma patients in the operating room (Hoyt DB et al. J. Trauma; 37: 426–432). There are also other medical specialisations which are faced with the problem of massive haemorrhage. Pathogenesis of life threatening bleeding is a complex problem not only in trauma patient. It is influenced by dilution coagulopathy, acidosis and other metabolic changes, thrombocytopenia and functional disorders of platelets, hypothermia and others. In fact all these problems lead - by different ways - to the thrombin formation disorders. Ineffective or inappropriate formation of thrombin than leads to defective or even no clot formation. If we were able to re-establish the proper thrombin formation, we would be theoretically able to solve most problems caused by massive haemorrhage in our patients. This is the theoretical basis for the use of rFVIIa as a potentially universal haemostatic agent in life-threatening bleeding. As the activity of rFVIIa is limited on the surfaces containing TF and phosphatidylserine - compartment physiologically active in normal clot formation - treatment with rFVIIa is probably one of the most save and most physiological way of treatment for such a bleeding. To support the evidence for the treatment of life-threatening bleeding with rFVIIa we have designed the software which registers individual cases when rFVIIa has been administered to control massive haemorrhage. This powerful tool will be able to provide its users with multiple outcomes and presentations based on statistically significant data. We believe that UniSeven registry will be useful for both intensive care givers and patients and that it will help to save numbers of human lives. Our work presents the technological background of the registry as well as first output from the registry based on data from more than 100 patients treated with rFVIIa mainly for life-threatening bleeding as a complication of trauma, surgery, cardiac surgery and malignancy in Czech Republic in years 2001– 2003. Up to now rFVIIa was administered in 114 cases in patients aged 0–80 years whose bleeding was refractory to standard therapeutical measures and threatens the patients′ lives.In 28, 57% the reason for rFVIIa administration was bleeding in trauma, 10, 7% cardiac surgery, 1, 79% gynaecology/obstetrics, 0, 89% intracranial haemorrhage and in 58% other reasons for uncontrolled bleeding. In 17 cases (15, 04%) rFVIIa was administered as a prophylaxis and in 96 cases (84, 9%) for treatment of life-threatening bleeding. Median dose of rFVIIa when administered for treatment of uncontrolled bleeding was 100 ug/kg and 1–2 doses was sufficient to treat the bleeding in more than 80% of cases. Such a treatment led to decrease of Packed cells transfusions from 7, 5 TU (median 24 h prior to rFVIIa administration) to 2 TU (median 24 h post rFVIIa administration). In our hands 62, 5% of patients with life threatening bleeding treated with rFVIIa survived. No death was related to rFVIIa treatment and we did not notice any serious adverse event related to rFVIIa treatment

The international community, led by the United Nations, created Kosovo’s new post-war institutions and continues to influence them, even after Kosovo declared independence in 2008. One of the very first priorities of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) was to establish the rule of law and to develop institutions and legal frameworks for a normally functioning economy. However, after almost two decades of internationally led institution-building, Kosovo is still, measured by European standards, a poor country with weak institutions. This paper shows that the creation of institutions does not follow a rational decision-making model, even when, like in Kosovo, institutions are created under direct international involvement and with the intention to develop the rule of law and facilitate economic development. The garbage can model approach to governance and decision-making provides a better explanation of the formation of governance institutions and why institutions, despite perhaps the best intentions, do not produce the desired results; failing to solve the underlying policy problems. The case studies on the privatisation of socially owned property and the development of contract law show that, in the case of Kosovo, adopting the best international and European standards almost always meant adopting a decontextualised solution promoted by an international actor. It did not really matter if that solution indeed solved the problem. In fact, in most cases the problem remained, with new problems being created because of the inadequacy of the imported ready-made solution. The conclusion is that sometimes less international assistance is more. In the absence of so much international financial and technical assistance, Kosovar leadership would have been required to assume more ownership of the policy-making for solving their problems. Less international assistance would also have meant less competition between international actors and less pressure to adopt ready-made decontextualised solutions.

Background. Thyroidectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures worldwide. Despite technical advances and high experience of thyroidectomy of specialized centers, it is still burdened by a significant rate of postoperative complications. Among them, the skin sinus formation is an extremely rare postthyroidectomy complication. Here, we first report the incidence of the skin sinus formation after thyroidectomy to identify the causes for skin sinus formation after thyroidectomy and to discuss its prevention and treatment options.Methods. A retrospective analysis was carried out of patients who underwent excision operation of fistula for postthyroidectomy skin sinus formation. Data were retrieved from medical records department of the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University.Results. Of the 5,686 patients who underwent thyroid surgery, only 5 patients (0.088%) had developed skin sinus formation. All 5 patients successfully underwent complete excision of fistula.Conclusion. Infection, foreign body, thyroid surgery procedure, combined disease, and iatrogenic factors may be related with skin sinus formation after thyroidectomy. To reduce the recurrence of postoperative infections and sinus formation, intra- and postoperative compliance with aseptic processing, intraoperative use absorbable surgical suture/ligature, repeated irrigation and drainage, and postoperative administration of anti-inflammatory treatment are to be followed.

The study investigates the entrepreneurial competencies and intentions of students. Their formation is a requirement of modern times. The question arises whether students of modern technical universities get entrepreneurial competencies and whether they transform these competencies into their entrepreneurial intentions. More than 3.6 thousand students from six technical universities from Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, Bulgaria, and Lithuania were surveyed. Methods of summarizing and grouping data, analysis of the structure of the population and distributions of its elements, evaluation of relationships were used to analyze the results of the survey. It was found that studying at technical universities is not an obstacle to the existence of entrepreneurial intentions among students. The respondents positively assessed their ability to recognize market opportunities for new business (the sum of the shares of positive answers exceeded the sum of the shares of negative answers by 12.4%). A positive generalized assessment was determined when assessing the ability to persuade others to invest in their business, while negative – their ability to write a formal business plan. It is proved that students who highly value their entrepreneurial abilities are much more likely to show the intention to start their own business (р < 0.001). Students’ focus on starting their own business is partly explained by the fact that they connect employment in corporations with a low guarantee of job retention. High positive integrated assessments received the following advantages of own entrepreneurship: prestige (0.302), chance to be realized (0.362), and the ability to create jobs (0.597). Acknowledgment The authors wish to thank Denislava Yordanova (Sofia University, Bulgaria), Tatjana Nikitina (Riga Technical University, Latvia), and Daiva Jurevičienė (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania) for helping to collect data at respective countries.

The article analyzes conditions of development of psychological and pedagogical competence of teachers of special disciplines of technical colleges as a determining factor in the preparation of a highly qualified graduate. An author's scheme of scientific and methodological work of a technical college is proposed, which combines components, principles and functions of the system and conditions of its effective functioning, in which all structural components of the system (goals and objectives, content, forms and methods) are aimed at realizing the result of work and associated with the conditions, principles and functions, and the integrity and systematic use of all the components identified in the complex will contribute to the end result. It is emphasized that an important factor for becoming a beginning teacher is the moral and financial support of a pedagogical employee by the administration of an educational institution. The priority goal of improving the teachers training system is the principle of accessibility of methodological-educational services and orientation to the individual needs of each teacher, and among the ways of solving the set tasks - full-scale introduction of modern computer technologies of teaching. The key conditions for the development of psychological and pedagogical competence of teachers of special disciplines of technical colleges have been formulated, namely: the creation of a system of scientific and methodological work in the educational establishment, which allows to develop the psychological and pedagogical competence of teachers of special disciplines of technical colleges, the formation of internal and external disciplines of teaching professional activity in a technical college, providing scientific and methodological system of educational establishment with information, in particular clouds technology. It is concluded that the implementation of the above-mentioned organizational and pedagogical conditions into the scientific and methodological process of the technical college will become the foundation for the further formation and development of the psychological and pedagogical competence of teachers of special disciplines.

Ukraine's economy, as compared to other neighbouring European countries, is lagging behind. Unstable political situation, significant tax pressure, various administrative barriers, complexity of tax administration and with obtaining permits, technical regulation, certification and standardization, frequent sudden inspections by state control bodies, limited opportunities for the use of financial and credit resources, weakness of material, technical, financial, managerial and personnel components of business entities – all these factors do not promote the entrepreneurial initiative in this country. The key precondition for rising the prosperity level raising and effective social and economic development is strengthening the competitiveness of the national economy through the coordinated work of the state and its budget and fiscal institutions. This study reveals the theory and the methodology of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in Ukraine. Peculiarities in the development of the entrepreneurial environment in Ukraine are analysed and fiscal mechanisms are defined with the purpose of activating further entrepreneurship development.

The planning process takes place to face a number of challenges and obstacles that address and continue for a long time to form a plan that includes the fundamental changes in society and keep pace with population and urban growth, and planning and the formation of blueprints is a basis to meet the needs of society, but the passage of time to configure it to keep pace with growth and the speed of increasing population and technical growth, it requires research studies Faster to configure a re-planning of plans and studies as an alternative to re-planning and supporting them with follow-up and continuous evaluation processes that are among the basic components of management operations, which is the solution to reduce problems and shortcomings and support for planning processes as a current and long-term treatment The role of management is important to support the planning process in the presence of evaluation and follow-up to meet the requirements of the city and its expansion Urban development and development, and looking forward to the most prominent concepts and ways that decision-makers take with techniques and methods that make the city and the services provided to it in the best image that makes the city with urban development and urban management represented by the countries.