Relevant bibliographies by topics / Formation polluant

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Formation polluant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Formation polluant"

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Seyhi, Brahima, Patrick Droguil, Géraldo Buelna, Jean-François Blais, and Marc Heran. "État actuel des connaissances des procédés de bioréacteur à membrane pour le traitement et la réutilisation des eaux usées industrielles et urbaines." Revue des sciences de l’eau 24, no. 3 (November 28, 2011): 283–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006478ar.

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Les effluents issus des stations d’épuration des eaux usées industrielles et municipales contiennent des quantités non négligeables de polluants organiques, inorganiques et microbiens, qui sont rejetés dans l’environnement par voie directe, ou en suivant la filière de réutilisation (irrigation ou arrosage, etc.). Ces eaux résiduaires constituent l’une des principales sources de contamination des eaux de surface et souterraines (augmentation de la demande chimique en oxygène (DCO), coloration et eutrophisation des cours d’eau, etc.). Dans l’optique de palier le déficit croissant des ressources en eau destinées à la consommation humaine, ces eaux résiduaires sont de plus en plus soumises à des traitements poussés en vue d’une réutilisation. Cette réutilisation doit toujours être réalisée dans l’objectif de fournir une eau présentant, en continu, une qualité spécifique liée à l’usage attendu (eau de production, eau de lavage, eau de refroidissement, eau d’irrigation ou d’arrosage, etc.). Les procédés conventionnels peuvent s’avérer non adaptés, notamment par leur manque de fiabilité dans la qualité des eaux traitées et le risque encouru de contamination microbiologique. Pour faire face à cette importante problématique, les techniques membranaires, notamment les bioréacteurs à membrane (BRM), peuvent constituer une avenue potentielle de traitement et de réutilisation de ces effluents. L’intérêt de ces procédés réside dans leur aspect non polluant, leur facilité d’automatisation et leur capacité à éliminer simultanément les différents polluants en une seule étape de traitement. Ces technologies offrent la possibilité de clarifier et de désinfecter simultanément les eaux sans risque de formation de composés organo-halogénés. Dans cet article, les BRM sont situés par rapport aux techniques conventionnelles de traitement biologique d’effluents. Par la suite, un accent particulier est mis sur la présentation des connaissances actuelles concernant les principes de base des BRM, les critères d’application et les conditions d’opération qui influencent les performances de ces technologies. Les développements récents portant sur la modélisation mathématique de fonctionnement et de colmatage de ces modules sont également présentés. Finalement, les applications industrielles et les coûts d’implantation et d’opération de ces technologies sont brièvement discutés.
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Cvetanović, Sveta. "Overview of nitrogen oxide reactions during fossil fuel combustion in the atmosphere." Safety Engineering 10, no. 2 (2020): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/se2002103c.

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This paper discusses the reactions of formation and decomposition of nitrogen oxides during fossil fuel combustion and in the atmosphere. Information about the chemical processes of pollutant formation and decomposition is the basis for the development of theoretical models of pollutant emissions. The information also provides a clearer picture about the primary factors influencing emissions. Nitrogen oxides are pollutants that damage human health, living and nonliving nature, and material property.
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Nitoi, Ines, Lucian Alexandru Constantin, Ionut Cristea, and Mirela Alina Constantin. "ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES (AOPS) ALTERNATIVE METHODS FOR DEGRADATION OF TOXIC POLLUTANTS FROM WASTEWATER." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2019.105.

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The degradation of some toxic pollutants like chlorobenzenes, nitrobenzene and 4-chloroaniline in various advanced oxidation system such as: UV/ H2O2, UV-VIS/Fe-TiO2 and UV-VIS/TiO2/ H2O2 were studied. The influence of working conditions (pH0, H2O2 dose, photocatalyst dose, pollutant initial concentration and irradiation time) on pollutant degradation rate constant and efficiency were investigated. For any studied advanced oxidation systems, pollutant degradation followed a pseudo first order kinetics. The degradation pathway of chlorinated and nitro aromatic pollutants includes initial •OH radicals attack to aromatic ring with hydroxylated intermediates formation, followed by their step by step oxidation up to carboxylic acids. Inorganic ions like Cl-, NO3-, NH4+ are also formed as mineralization products.
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El Azzi, Desiree, François Laurent, Vincent Roussiez, Lei Chou, Maritxu Guiresse, and Jean-Luc Probst. "Adsorption of Aclonifen, Alachlor, Cd and Cu onto Natural River Suspended Matter in the Context of Multi-Pollutions: Influence of Contaminant Co-Presence and Order of Input into the Aqueous Solution." Water 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2018): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091222.

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In the environment, a pollutant is rarely present alone, and other contaminants can influence its fate. To investigate the influence of the presence of other pollutants on the sorption of pesticides and trace metals (TM), the adsorption of Aclonifen, alachlor, Cd and Cu onto suspended particulate matter (SPM) was studied. SPM was isolated during the flood event of May 2010 in the Save agricultural watershed of SW France. Adsorption equilibrium was reached after 2 h of contact with SPM for pesticides and 24 h for TM. To simulate natural conditions, the SPM load allowing a maximum adsorption of pollutants was set at 1 g L−1 and the concentration of pollutants at 10 μg L−1. These factors being established, the co-presence experiments showed that most contaminants were influenced by the presence of other pollutant(s) in the water, trace metals to a lesser extent than pesticides. The mutual influence can be either competition for the same adsorption sites or formation of new complexes between pollutants. These phenomena can modify the adsorption capacities of each pollutant. The order of introduction into the aqueous solution also influenced the amount of adsorption of pollutants onto SPM. These results open new perspectives on the fate of pollutants.
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Błaś, Marek, Katarzyna Cichała-Kamrowska, Mieczysław Sobik, Żaneta Polkowska, and Jacek Namieśnik. "Conditions controlling atmospheric pollutant deposition via snowpack." Environmental Reviews 18, NA (December 2010): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a10-003.

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Solid precipitation represents a potentially important addition to other measures of deposition. However, an accurate estimate of snowfall amount and pollutant loading is not a trivial matter. There are obvious distinctions between regular precipitation collection and snowpack sampling that represent the cumulative chemistry of bulk deposition. The main goal is to show the most important processes and factors that may influence the rate and magnitude of pollutants deposition affected by the snowfall and snow cover: atmospheric pollutant enhancement of snowfall, pollutants deposition at snow cover surface, drifting and blowing snow, formation of the snow cover and its internal changes, as well as pollutants flow through the snowpack. These phenomena lead to continuous changes in the chemistry of the snow cover and the deposition calculated on the basis of pollutants concentrations in daily portions of atmospheric precipitation. The real deposition released from snowpack is strictly related to the number and depth of thaw episodes. If the amount of stored pollutants is large, first portions of ablation water flushing from the snowpack can carry the load of pollutants, and potentially affecting the environment in a detrimental way. Igneous bedrock is especially sensitive to acidic ions because of its low buffering capacity.
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Meintrup, David, and Chang Woon Nam. "Shadow Market Area for Air Pollutants." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 664–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b34053.

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This study identifies the shadow market area of air pollutants on the basis of the Gaussian plume model. Since pollutants are dispersed by wind, transport costs are irrelevant in its formation. Pollutant distribution on the ground level has an asymmetric bell shape in the wind direction. In addition to the linear functions, the exponential and quadratic shadow price functions are considered for the compensation of a health hazard to consumers, where the strict liability in the framework of the Coase theorem applies. The shadow market area for pollutants is shell shaped. This specific characteristic has an implication for market boundaries between polluters and their location decisions.
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Song, Xia, Nana Nyarko Mensah, Yuting Wen, Jingling Zhu, Zhongxing Zhang, Wui Siew Tan, Xinwei Chen, and Jun Li. "β-Cyclodextrin-Polyacrylamide Hydrogel for Removal of Organic Micropollutants from Water." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 5031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165031.

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Water pollution by various toxic substances remains a serious environmental problem, especially the occurrence of organic micropollutants including endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical pollutants and naphthol pollutants. Adsorption process has been an effective method for pollutant removal in wastewater treatment. However, the thermal regeneration process for the most widely used activated carbon is costly and energy-consuming. Therefore, there has been an increasing need to develop alternative low-cost and effective adsorption materials for pollutant removal. Herein, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), a cheap and versatile material, was modified with methacrylate groups by reacting with methacryloyl chloride, giving an average degree of substitution of 3 per β-CD molecule. β-CD-methacrylate, which could function as a crosslinker, was then copolymerized with acrylamide monomer via free-radical copolymerization to form β-CD-polyacrylamide (β-CD-PAAm) hydrogel. Interestingly, in the structure of the β-CD-PAAm hydrogel, β-CD is not only a functional unit binding pollutant molecules through inclusion complexation, but also a structural unit crosslinking PAAm leading to the formation of the hydrogel 3D networks. Morphological studies showed that β-CD-PAAm gel had larger pore size than the control PAAm gel, which was synthesized using conventional crosslinker instead of β-CD-methacrylate. This was consistent with the higher swelling ratio of β-CD-PAAm gel than that of PAAm gel (29.4 vs. 12.7). In the kinetic adsorption studies, phenolphthalein, a model dye, and bisphenol A, propranolol hydrochloride, and 2-naphthol were used as model pollutants from different classes. The adsorption data for β-CD-PAAm gel fitted well into the pseudo-second-order model. In addition, the thermodynamic studies revealed that β-CD-PAAm gel was able to effectively adsorb the different dye and pollutants at various concentrations, while the control PAAm gel had very low adsorption, confirming that the pollutant removal was due to the inclusion complexation between β-CD units and pollutant molecules. The adsorption isotherms of the different dye and pollutants by the β-CD-PAAm gel fitted well into the Langmuir model. Furthermore, the β-CD-PAAm gel could be easily recycled by soaking in methanol and reused without compromising its performance for five consecutive adsorption/desorption cycles. Therefore, the β-CD-PAAm gel, which combines the advantage of an easy-to-handle hydrogel platform and the effectiveness of adsorption by β-CD units, could be a promising pollutant removal system for wastewater treatment applications.
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Rah, Sang-Chun. "Combustion of liquid fuels and pollutant formation: A review Part II. Pollutant formation." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 2, no. 1 (March 1985): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02697543.

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Wang, Dongdong, Baolin Jiang, Fangzhou Li, and Wenshi Lin. "Investigation of the Air Pollution Event in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in December 2016 Using WRF-Chem." Advances in Meteorology 2018 (July 31, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1634578.

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The online coupled weather research and forecasting model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) was used to investigate an air pollution event during December 2016 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Evaluation indicates that WRF-Chem captured the main weather conditions and pollutant distribution in this event. The primary meteorological drivers of air pollution formation were stationary atmospheric flows in both vertical and horizontal directions. High relative humidity and a strong temperature inversion accelerated event formation. In the shallow temperature inversion layer, aerosol particles were strongly confined near the surface, producing high surface contaminant concentrations. In addition, based on a normal experiment, three sensitivity experiments were constructed by adding hypothetical terrain (HT) of 400, 300, and 200 meters, over the region 115°E, 38.8°N to 117.54°E, 38.8°N. The results indicate that pollutants were diffused and transported below 400 meters, and the pollutant amounts concentrated south of the HT because of the HT blocking effect. Nevertheless, because there were less total contaminants north of the HT in the normal run, there was a slight decrease in pollutants north of the HT. There were some increases in pollution north of the HT because of local emissions, which were obstructed by the HT. The higher the HT, the stronger the blocking effect.
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Solevic, Tatjana, Branimir Jovancicevic, Miroslav Vrvic, and Hermann Wehner. "Oil pollutants in alluvial sediments: Influence of the intensity of contact with ground waters on the effect of microorganisms." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 68, no. 3 (2003): 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0303227s.

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The influence of the intensity of interaction between oil pollutants and ground waters in alluvial sediments on the effect of microbial activity was investigated in this work. The study was based on a comparison of detailed analyses of two fractions of an oil pollutant originating from a Danube alluvial formation near the Pancevo Oil Refinery: fraction 1, separated from the aqueous layer by decantation, presumed to have been in less intensive interaction with water, and fraction 2, isolated from the aqueous emulsion by extraction with chloroform, presumed to have been in stronger interaction with water. Both fractions were shown to originate from the same type of oil pollutant. Nevertheless, significant compositional differences between the two fractions were observed. Asignificantly pronounced domination of even carbon number homologues of C18?C24 n-alkanes in fraction 2, atypical for crude oil pollutants, compared to the corresponding distribution observed in fraction 1, suggested a more intense activity, i.e., a much better effect of microorganisms in direct contact with the oil pollutant within the aqueous environment. The identification of even carbon number C14?C18 n-alcohols and C14?C18 fatty acids, as well as cholesterol, in fraction 2, suggested that microorganisms of the algal type in non-photosynthetic conditions were most probably responsible for the mentioned microbial processes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Formation polluant"

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Devroe, Sebastien. "Etude de la combustion du charbon pulvérisé et de la formation des oxydes d'azote dans les grands foyers à chauffe tangentielle." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b6ef6d88-6f13-449b-93ef-c890860834a6.

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Ce travail présente une étude de la combustion et de la formation des oxydes d'azote dans les foyers à chauffe tangentielle au charbon pulvérisé. Il s'inscrit dans un partenariat avec la société Alstom-Energy et l'ADEME. L'analyse bibliographique montre l'importance de la modélisation de l'écoulement turbulent pour assurer une bonne représentation de la combustion. C'est pourquoi, les études de l'écoulement et de la combustion sont dissociées. Ainsi, dans un premier temps, deux maquettes froides sont étudiées : la première représente à l'échelle 1/20e un foyer à chauffe tangentielle complet, la seconde représente à l'échelle 1/10e un bruleur muni d'injections d'air rectangulaires coaxiales. Les mesures obtenues sur ces maquettes sont comparées aux différents modèles numériques disponibles dans le code de calcul Fluent. De plus, un écoulement tout à fait spécifique baptisé langue de serpent a été mis en évidence. Dans un second temps, à l'aide du modèle validé sur la maquette froide de foyer, une étude de la combustion dans 3 foyers à chauffe tangentielle (1 foyer gaz, 2 foyers charbon pulvérisé) est proposée. Les résultats obtenus par les modèles sont comparés aux valeurs relevées sur site. Enfin, pour ces trois foyers les émissions d'oxydes d'azote sont calculées pour différents régimes et configurations de chauffe. Le modèle de NOx thermiques est validé à l'aide des résultats sur le foyer gaz. Moyennant un calage sur une configuration de chauffe de l'un des foyers, les émissions d'oxydes d'azotes calculées sur les foyers à charbon pulvérisé sont conformes aux observations sur site
This work presents a study of combustion and NOx formation is tangentially boiler plant. It’s developed with Alstom-energy and ADEME’s support. The bibliography shows the importance of the turbulent flow simulation for a good prediction of combustion. And so, the study of the flow is uncoupled from the combustion. So in first, two cold scale models are studied. One represents totally a 600 MWe tangentially boiler unit (scale 1/20), the second one simulates a tangentially burner with square coaxial injectors. The measurements are compared with different turbulent models available in finite volume computer program Fluent. A specific flow at the nozzle of the burner named “snake’s tongue” was putted in light. In second part, the reacting flows in 3 tangentially fired boilers (1 natural gas, 2 pulverized coal) are presented. The calculated results are compared with furnaces observations. Finally, NOx are calculated for the three furnaces and different firing configurations. Thermal NOx are validated with the natural gas results. After an adjustment of the Fuel-NOx model, the calculations are in good agreement for the two furnaces and different loads with measurements
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Coddeville, Patrice. "Formation de l'ozone, polluant de la troposphère : étude expérimentale dans l'environnement et par modélisation lagrangienneévaluation de l'impact de l'heure d'été sur la pollution photooxydante." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10078.

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Modélisation de la formation d'ozone et du nitrate de péroxyacétyle par photolyse d'oxydes d'azote et d'hydrocarbures. L'application de ce modèle au problème de l'heure d'été montre que ce système institue pour des raisons d'économie d'énergie accroit ce type de pollution
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Jaecker-Voirol, Anne. "Etude physico-chimique de la formation des aerosols : application aux pluies acides et a la stratosphere." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13222.

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Pistikopoulos, Panayotis. "Comportement physiochimique des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, particulaires et gazeux, dans l'atmosphere : mode de formation des aerosols, transport a meso-echelle, adaptation d'un modele-recepteur a des composes reactifs." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077140.

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Thibaud, Hélène. "Contribution a l'etude du mecanisme de formation de la chloropicrine au cours de traitements oxydants : application aux eaux a potabiliser." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2290.

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Amelioration des connaissances sur les conditions de formation de la chloropicrine (trichloronitromethane) lors de la chloration des eaux a potabiliser. Etude realisee avec des solutions synthetiques de molecules organiques modeles, de substances humiques extraites d'eaux naturelles, ainsi qu'avec diverses eaux de surfaces
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Ben, Amor Hedi. "Le bioxyde de chlore dans la filière de production des eaux de consommation : contribution à l'étude de son mécanisme d'action sur les molécules modèles et sur les substances humiques aquatiques." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2314.

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Boucher, Aymeric. "Modélisation de la formation des polluants au sein des foyers aéronautiques par une méthode de chimie tabulée." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0006/document.

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La réduction des émissions polluantes des foyers aéronautiques est un enjeu majeur pour les motoristes. Afin de les accompagner dans cette tâche, il est nécessaire de développer des outils de simulation numérique permettant de prédire avec précision les émissions d'espèces chimiques en sortie du foyer. Pour cela, une description détaillée des réactions chimiques est nécessaire. Celle-ci est néanmoins incompatible avec la simulation des foyers industriels, compte tenu des puissances de calcul actuelles. C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire de recourir à des méthodes de réduction de la chimie qui préservent la capacité de prédire la concentration des polluants. La démarche consistant à tabuler la chimie nous a semblé appropriée pour aborder ces problèmes et son développement a fait l'objet de cette thèse. Un premier travail a été effectué afin de sélectionner dans la littérature les modèles permettant de traiter des écoulements réactifs turbulents diphasiques avec une approche de chimie tabulée. Par rapport à l’existant, des améliorations ont été apportées à la génération des tables chimiques, afin de prendre en compte l'effet du temps de résidence des gaz brûlés dans le foyer sur la formation des oxydes d'azote. Le couplage de la méthode avec un modèle de formation des suies a également été réalisé. La chimie tabulée permet d’avoir accès à la concentration des précurseurs de suie et des espèces oxydantes, quantités sur lesquelles s’appuie le modèle de formation des suies. Le modèle de chimie tabulée développé dans le cadre de cette thèse a été appliqué à la simulation d'une configuration représentative des foyers aéronautiques. Les concentrations d'oxydes d'azote, de particules de suie, mais aussi de monoxyde de carbone et d'hydrocarbures imbrûlés prédites par les calculs ont été comparées aux résultats expérimentaux. Un bon accord avec l'expérience est observé concernant la topologie du champ de suie et l'allure des profils de concentration de polluants en sortie. Néanmoins, les niveaux de concentration obtenus par les simulations diffèrent des résultats expérimentaux. Cela est imputable notamment à une erreur de prédiction du champ de température qui n'est pas due à l'approche de chimie-tabulée puisque une erreur similaire a été observée avec un autre modèle de combustion
The reduction of pollutant emissions of aeronautical combustion chambers is a major issue for engine manufacturers. In order to support them in this task, it is necessary to develop numerical simulation tools able to predict accurately chemical species emissions at the chamber outlet. To achieve this, a detailed description of the chemical reactions is necessary. Nevertheless, considering the current computer capabilities, this description is not presently affordable. This is why the use of chemistry reduction methods preserving the capability to predict pollutants species is necessary. The method of tabulated chemistry is a good candidate to tackle these problems and therefore is used as the basis of model developments achieved in the framework of this PhD thesis. A preliminary work has been made to select in the literature tabulated chemistry methods applying to turbulent reactive two-phase flows. The technique to create the chemical tables has been improved in order to take into account the effect of the residence time of the burnt gases on nitrogen oxides formation. The coupling of the method with a soot model has also been achieved. The tabulated chemistry gives access to the concentration of soot precursors and oxidizers, quantities which are required by the model used for the soot prediction. The developed tabulated chemistry model has been applied to the simulation of a configuration representative of aeronautical combustors. The concentration of nitrogen oxides, soot particles, carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbons predicted by the numerical simulations have been compared to experimental results. The topology of the soot volume fraction field and the shape of pollutant concentrations profiles at the outlet agree quite well with the experiments. Nevertheless, concentration levels obtained from the simulations differ from the experimental results. This can be imputed to the error in the prediction of the temperature field that is independent of the combustion model, since a similar error was observed with another combustion model
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Croué, Jean-Philippe. "Contribution a l'etude de l'oxydation par le chlore et l'ozone d'acides fulviques naturels extraits d'eaux de surface." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2289.

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Graville, Stephen Rhys. "Pollutant formation during the combustion of heavy liquid fuels." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262602.

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Harding, Stephen C. "Investigation into mixing and combustion in an optical, lean, premixed, prevaporised combustor." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359964.

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Books on the topic "Formation polluant"

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Lemieux, Paul M. Pulverized coal combustion: Pollutant formation and control, 1970-1980. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1990.

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Warnatz, Jürgen. Combustion: Physical and Chemical Fundamentals, Modeling and Simulation, Experiments, Pollutant Formation. 3rd ed. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001.

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1959-, Maas U., and Dibble Robert W, eds. Combustion: Physical and chemical fundamentals, modelling and simulation, experiments, pollutant formation. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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Warnatz, Jürgen. Combustion: Physical and Chemical Fundamentals, Modeling and Simulation, Experiments, Pollutant Formation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999.

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1959-, Maas U., and Dibble Robert W, eds. Combustion: Physical and chemical fundamentals, modeling and simulation, experiments, pollutant formation. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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Gillani, Noor V. Ozone formation in pollutant plumes: A reactive plume model with arbitrary crosswind resolution. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Montoya, Barry L. Factors affecting total organic carbon and trihalomethane formation potential in exports from the South Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta and down the California Aqueduct. Sacramento, Calif.]: State of Calif., The Resouces Agency, Dept. of Water Resources, Division of Operations and Maintenance, Environmental Assessment Branch, 2005.

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Leenheer, J. A. Effects of organic wastes on water quality from processing of oil shale from the Green River Formation, Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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K, Baumann, ed. Air quality control: Formation and sources, dispersion, characteristics and impact of air pollutants : measuring methods, techniques for reduction of emissions and regulations for air quality control. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996.

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Baumbach, Günter. Air quality control: Formation and sources, dispersion, characteristics and impact of air pollutants--measuring methods, techniques for reduction of emissions and regulations for air quality control. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Formation polluant"

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Stiesch, Gunnar. "Pollutant Formation." In Modeling Engine Spray and Combustion Processes, 255–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08790-9_7.

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Eckert, Peter, and Sebastian Rakowski. "Pollutant Formation." In Combustion Engines Development, 193–223. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14094-5_6.

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Sarofim, A. F. "Pollutant Formation and Destruction." In Fundamentals of the Physical-Chemistry of Pulverized Coal Combustion, 245–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3661-4_10.

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Bockhorn, Henning. "Soot Formation and Oxidation." In Pollutants from Combustion, 205–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4249-6_11.

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Rao, G. Amba Prasad, and T. Karthikeya Sharma. "Formation Mechanism of Pollutant Emissions." In Engine Emission Control Technologies, 85–127. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429322228-2.

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Jones, Jenny M., Amanda R. Lea-Langton, Lin Ma, Mohamed Pourkashanian, and Alan Williams. "Pollutant Formation and Health Effects." In Pollutants Generated by the Combustion of Solid Biomass Fuels, 45–61. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6437-1_4.

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Vovelle, C., and J. L. Delfau. "Formation of Aromatics in Combustion Systems." In Pollutants from Combustion, 183–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4249-6_10.

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Matilainen, T. "Involvement of Bacteria in Methylmercury Formation in Anaerobic Lake Waters." In Mercury as a Global Pollutant, 757–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0153-0_81.

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Zamuner, B., and R. Borghi. "Influence of Physical Phenomena on the Formation of Pollutants in Combustion." In Pollutants from Combustion, 51–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4249-6_4.

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Mason, R. P., F. M. M. Morel, and H. F. Hemond. "The Role of Microorganisms in Elemental Mercury Formation in Natural Waters." In Mercury as a Global Pollutant, 775–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0153-0_83.

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Conference papers on the topic "Formation polluant"

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Nemati Mehr, Seyyed Mahdi, and Hossein Afshin. "Numerical Simulation of NOx Pollutant Formation in a Natural Gas Fired Power Generation Boiler, by Using Burner’s Parameters." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85277.

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The major source of energy is fossil fuels, known as hydrocarbon containing C and H as the main elements. The heat generated from combustion of these fuels is used in power generation cycles to generate electricity. Main products of a hydrocarbon combustion reaction are water and carbon dioxide, but due to some reasons such as excessive temperature and inappropriate air-fuel mixing, always some pollutants are formed. One of the major concerns of recent years are NOx pollutants, which is mostly generated in the high temperature combustions. According to the geographical and economic issues, most countries are using coal as fuel and many researches have been conducted about pollutant formation and temperature distribution in coal fired boilers (H. Y. Park, et al,. J. R. Fan, et al, and many others), but in Middle Eastern countries, the dominant fuel for the power generation cycles is natural gas. In this paper, pollutant formation and temperature distribution is numerically studied in a power generation boiler using natural gas as fuel. NOx formation mechanisms are introduced and discussed about the main source of NOx pollutants in this boiler. The natural gas burners are appropriate for non-premixed flame, so the goal of this study is to achieve the desired temperature distribution and minimize NOx pollutants through the variation of inlet angle of fuel and air in the burner. A case study is presented for boiler with 156MW power, equipped with natural gas burners. Numerical simulation is applied for the mentioned system and optimization consideration on pollutant is discussed.
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Cantore, Giuseppe, Carlo Arturo De Marco, Luca Montorsi, Fabrizio Paltrinieri, and Carlo Alberto Rinaldini. "Analysis of a HSDI Diesel Engine Intake System by Means of Multi-Dimensional Numerical Simulations: Influence of Non Uniform EGR Distribution." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1359.

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In order to comply with stringent pollutant emissions regulations a detailed analysis of the overall engine is required, assessing the mutual influence of its main operating parameters. The present study is focused on the investigation of the intake system under actual working conditions by means of 1D and 3D numerical simulations. Particularly, the effect of EGR distribution on engine performance and pollutants formation has been calculated for a production 6 cylinder HSDI Diesel engine in a EUDC operating point. Firstly a coupled 1D/3D simulation of the entire engine geometry has been carried out to estimate the EGR rate delivered to every cylinder; subsequently the in-cylinder flow field has been evaluated by simulating the intake and compression strokes. Finally the spray and combustion processes have been studied accounting for the real combustion chamber geometry and particularly the pollutants formation has been determined by using a detailed kinetic mechanism combustion model. The 1D/3D analysis highlighted a significant cylinder to cylinder EGR percentage variation affecting remarkably the pollutant emissions formation, as evaluated by the combustion process simulations. A combined use of commercial and in-house modified codes has been adopted.
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Tsatsaronis, G., A. Boyano, T. Morosuk, and A. M. Blanco-Marigorta. "Advanced Exergoenvironmental Analysis of a Steam Methane Reforming System for Hydrogen Production." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38551.

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In this paper, an advanced exergoenvironmental analysis is conducted for a steam methane reforming process for the production of hydrogen. The approach for calculating pollutant formation is generalized and the assumptions required for applying the analysis are discussed in detail. These are the main contributions of this work to the development of exergy-based methods for the analysis of energy-intensive chemical processes. In an advanced exergoenvironmental analysis, the environmental impact associated with the exergy destruction within a component as well as the component-related environmental impact and a component-related pollutant formation are split into unavoidable/avoidable and endogenous/exogenous parts. This splitting improves our understanding of the sources of thermodynamic inefficiencies and their effect to the formation of environmental impacts and pollutants, and facilitates a subsequent improvement of the overall process. Finally, some improvement options developed on the basis of the results of the advanced exergoenvironmental analysis are discussed.
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Altarawneh, M., and B. Z. Dlugogorski. "Plenary – Mechanisms of Pollutant Formation in Fires." In Proceedings of the Seventh International Seminar Fire and Explosion Hazards. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-5936-0_01-04.

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Galindo-Garci´a, Iva´n F., Ana K. Va´zquez-Barraga´n, Alejandro G. Mani´-Gonza´lez, and Miguel Rossano-Roma´n. "CFD Simulation of Pollutant Emission in Power Plant Boilers." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55110.

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A computational model is developed in order to investigate pollutant emissions from power plant boilers to the atmosphere. A well-known method of pollutant reduction is the modification of the combustion conditions to prevent their formation, and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes provide an effective tool for the analysis of the combustion process. In this paper CFD calculations were performed to analyze the effect of the amount of combustion air on the production and emission of nitrogen oxides, one of the main pollutants produced during the combustion process. For this analysis the appropriate modeling of the chemical and physical phenomena involved is important, because the production and transport of pollutant species strongly depend on the flow and temperature distributions in the furnace. Two case studies are presented: a pulverized coal-firing tangential boiler and a fuel-oil frontal boiler. The CFD calculations adopt a 3D-formulation of the mean flow equations in combination with the standard high-Reynolds-number k-ε turbulence model. The model domain consists of the whole boiler, from the burner nozzles up to the exit of the economizer. Due to their complex geometrical features and computational limitations bank tubes are not modeled individually, but are grouped in a total volume. A porous media region approach is then undertaken to model gas flow and heat transfer in each heat exchanger. Model validation is a difficult task due to the lack of available data from commercial utilities. Validation has been done using routinely measured global parameters. Relatively good agreement is obtained. Results show that increasing the amount of air reduce nitrogen oxides formation for the case of the tangential boiler, however for the frontal boiler case this behavior is not as evident. These results demonstrate that CFD simulations are a viable tool to study the effect some combustion parameters have on the production of pollutants. CFD results may help to establish trends that, in turn, may help to reduce pollutant emissions from power plant boilers.
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Chukwuemeka, Edison E., and Ingmar M. Schoegl. "Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Magnetic Fields on Soot Formation in Laminar Non-Premixed Flames." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-64859.

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Abstract Characteristics of non-premixed flames such as flame height and lift-off height are affected by the presence of magnetic fields due to the paramagnetic properties of some combustion species. However, it is unknown whether magnetic fields can be used to reduce the emission of pollutants in non-premixed flames. In general, pollutant emissions are reduced in combustion systems if the mixing of combustion species is enhanced during the process. Since paramagnetic combustion species such as O2, O, OH, HO2, etc have a preferential motion direction in the presence of magnetic fields, there is a potential to harness this effect of mixing by imposing a magnetic field on the flame. This study seeks to provide some insights on the effect of magnetic field on pollutants generated in a laminar non-premixed flame numerically. The non-premixed flame is simulated using a detailed chemical mechanism for propane-air combustion and a modified Moss-Brookes soot model. To simulate the effect of magnetism on the paramagnetic chemical species, the species paramagnetic susceptibility is computed using the Curie relation. The non-premixed flame is placed at three different locations within the magnetic field. The computation predicted that the amount of average pollutants reduction is dependent on the location of the flames within the magnetic fields with respect to magnetic gradients. The mass weighted average of the soot volume fraction over the computational domain decreased when the non-premixed flame is located at certain locations within the magnetic field of the solenoid with respect to the absence of the magnetic fields, but increases in other locations.
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Celis, Cesar, Barrie Moss, and Pericles Pilidis. "Emissions Modelling for the Optimization of Greener Aircraft Operations." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59211.

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This work focuses on the development and implementation of an emissions prediction model which allows the reliable calculation of emissions trends from current and potential future aircraft gas turbine combustors. The ultimate goal of the model developed involves its use in efficient aircraft trajectory optimisation processes, which eventually allow identifying aircraft “greener trajectories”, minimizing in that way both aircraft fuel consumption and the pollutants emitted. From the three broad strategies that can be adopted for combustor emissions prediction: empirical correlations, stirred reactor models, and comprehensive numerical simulations involving detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics calculations, the second one was chosen for the development of the model described in this work. Thus, critical zones within the combustor are represented by individual stirred reactors, incorporating the processes of mixing, combustion heat release, and pollutant formation. To take into account inhomogeneities in gas composition and temperature which influence directly the rates of pollutant formation, a stochastic representation of turbulent mixing in the combustor primary zone is utilized. Results obtained from the simulations of an actual combustor using the emissions prediction model developed in terms of NOx, CO, UHC, and soot/smoke emitted show reasonable agreement with experimental data, reproducing the trends observed in practice.
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Barczus, Christian, Bjo¨rn Henning, and Viktor Scherer. "Combustion of Refinery Residues in a CFB-Combustor: Measurement of Intermediate Species Using FTIR." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-159.

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Investigations have been performed to show the feasibility of burning refinery residues (calcined petroleum coke and liquid residues) in a circulating fluidized bed combustor. These experiments were done in a CFBC system with a thermal capacity of 100 kW. The unit has been equipped with an additional dosing system for liquid fuels including a newly developed fuel lance. The pollutant formation characteristics are determined using axial profile measurements at 19 different ports along the combustion chamber. To optimize the combustion process and to minimize gaseous pollutants, several operating parameters of the system are varied independently. These parameters are the primary to secondary air ratio, the global air to fuel ratio, the residence time in the primary zone, the overall temperature of the combustion chamber and the Ca/S ratio. Measurements of the flue gas components O2, CxHy, CO, CO2, H2, NOx, N2O, NH3 and SO2 are performed by standard gas analysing techniques. It is important to note that the system is equipped with a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) to qualitatively and quantitatively determine selected gaseous species which are essential for the formation and consumption of N2O and other pollutants. The gas species measured by FTIR-Spectroscopy are CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6 and C3H8. Also the important precursors for the NOx-formation HCN and NH3 are examined with the FTIR-Spectrometer. The investigations demonstrate that (liquid) refinery residues can be burned successfully as a monofuel within the circulating fluidized bed combustor. The emissions of all pollutants detected are at a low level.
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Shakariyants, Savad A., Jos P. van Buijtenen, Wilfried P. J. Visser, and Alexander Tarasov. "A Multidisciplinary Aero-Engine Exhaust Emission Study." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90749.

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The paper illustrates an aero-engine exhaust emission study, which involves successive simulation procedures for aircraft flight, engine, combustor operation and exhaust emissions. It reveals a generic approach to analyze the effect of changes in flight conditions, power settings and combustor parameters on exhaust gas composition. Using reference measurement data at given engine operating points, pollutant models can be tuned to predict absolute concentration values at altered conditions. Emission formation processes were analyzed in the study using multi-reactor combustor models. The so-called principal pollutants of NOx, UHC, CO and soot were modeled over a broad range of engine power settings at static sea-level conditions. Modeling results were benchmarked against and tuned to emission certification data for a large commercial turbofan. CFD methods were employed to cross-check solution procedures for the engine combustor at the design operating point. Pollutants were also simulated in cruse conditions. Different flight conditions were considered using cross-linked engine and aircraft performance models.
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Frassoldati, Alessio, Alberto Cuoci, Tiziano Faravelli, Eliseo Ranzi, Salvatore Colantuoni, Pasquale Di Martino, Giuseppe Cinque, et al. "Fluid Dynamics and Detailed Kinetic Modeling of Pollutant Emissions From Lean Combustion Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22551.

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A methodology for computing steady turbulent reacting flows and the formation of pollutants in combustors for aeroengine applications is presented. The aim of this paper is to describe and to further validate the proposed computational approach. A 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) proprietary code and a Kinetic Post-Processor (KPP) have been coupled and applied to calculate the gas temperature and pollutant emissions. The thermo-fluid dynamics results of the CFD code are post-processed by the KPP with the use of detailed kinetics for predicting pollutant emissions, with special emphasis on nitrogen oxides. A new application of the above calculation methodology has been carried out on an injection system based on Partial Evaporation and Rapid Mixing (PERM) concept, designed and developed in the frame of the EU program for NEW Aero engine Core concepts (NEWAC). This injection system was studied experimentally at Karlsruhe University and ONERA using a tubular combustor, in order to perform the first assessment in terms pollutant emissions at the outlet at different operating conditions. The model predictions are compared with experimental results and globally the agreement is satisfactory, especially for NOx emissions. The analysis of the data presented in this paper provides useful information for further improvements in both modeling and experimental activities.
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