Relevant bibliographies by topics / Formats

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Formats'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Formats"

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Dick, Maurício Elias, Berenice Santos Gonçalves, and Rosângela Schwarz Rodrigues. "Formatos digitais de publicação científica em acesso aberto: uma análise à luz do design da informação | Digital formats of open access scientific publication: an information design analysis." InfoDesign - Revista Brasileira de Design da Informação 14, no. 2 (October 29, 2017): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.51358/id.v14i2.595.

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A paisagem global da publicação científica contemporânea se caracteriza pela existência de periódicos de acesso aberto que disponibilizam resultados de pesquisas científicas de maneira gratuita e irrestrita, por meio de variados formatos de arquivo digital. Diante da multiplicidade de dispositivos de acesso, a publicação multiformato se mostra uma necessidade e evidencia a importância de um design da informação adequado, visto que a forma de apresentação da mensagem influencia na sua percepção. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o design da informação em diferentes formatos digitais de publicação científica em acesso aberto. Para tal, realizou-se uma análise qualitativa de um artigo científico em três formatos de arquivo digital: PDF, HTML e ePUB. Tal procedimento deu-se a partir dos princípios do design da informação trazidos por Lipton (2007). Como resultado, observou-se que o formato PDF apresentou problemas de legibilidade, comprometendo o princípio da clareza. Além disso, nos formatos HTML e ePUB foram identificadas fragilidades no princípio da hierarquia. Por outro lado, destaca-se a conformidade dos princípios de hierarquia e segmentação no formato PDF, a conformidade com o princípio do equilíbrio e fluxo de leitura no arquivo HTML e o atendimento ao princípio da clareza na versão ePUB. .........The global landscape of contemporary scientific publication is characterized by the existence of open access journals that provide results of scientific research in a free and unrestricted manner, through various formats of digital files. Given the multiplicity of access devices, multi-format publication is needed and highlights the importance of adequate information design, as the form of the message influences its perception. In this context, this study aims to analyse the information design in different digital formats of scientific publishing in open access. To this end, a qualitative analysis of a scientific paper in three digital file formats, PDF, HTML and EPUB, was carried out. This procedure took place from the principles of information design brought by Lipton (2007). As result, it was observed that the PDF format presented legibility problems, compromising the principle of clarity. Moreover, in HTML and EPUB formats weaknesses were identified in the principle of hierarchy. On the other hand, there was compliance with the principles of hierarchy and segmentation in PDF format, compliance with the principle of balance and eye flow in the HTML file and the conformity of the principle of clarity in the ePUB version.
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Gascón Vera, Patricia, and Carmen Marta Lazo. "Internacionalización de un formato televisivo de éxito: “El Hormiguero”." Revista Observatório 2, no. 2 (May 30, 2016): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.20873/uft.2447-4266.2016v2especial1p275.

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“Dame una buena idea y cambiaré los formatos de entretenimiento en noche de la televisión española, dame un formato exitoso y daré la vuelta al mundo”. Estas son las premisas con las que El Hormiguero ha llegado a ser un formato de gran recorrido en España y un proyecto exportado a múltiples países a través de diferentes fórmulas: desde la venta de los derechos y creación de una adaptación fiel, la venta de alguna de las secciones, o la emisión de la producción española en diferentes pantallas. Un show televisivo de humor con una osada puesta en escena cuyas aventuras y desventuras suponen un ejemplo de la política de internacionalización televisiva.Palabras Clave: Televisión, internacionalización, El Hormiguero, formatos, venta de derechos. Abstract "Give me a good idea and will change formats of entertainment nights on Spanish TV, give me a successful format and it conquer the world". These are the basic qualities that El Hormiguero has become a long-distance format in Spain and a project exported to many countries through different shapes: from the sale of rights and creating a faithful adaptation, selling some sections, or the issue of the Spanish production in different screens. A television comedy show with a bold staging and his adventures and misadventures represents an example of the televisión policy of internationalization.KeyWords: Television, internationalization, El Hormiguero (The Anthill), formats, rights sales. Resumo "Dê-me uma boa ideia e vai mudar formatos de entretenimento na noite da TV espanhola, me dê um formato de sucesso e te darei todo o mundo." Estas são as qualidades básicas que El Hormiguero tornou-se, um formato de longa distância na Espanha e um projeto exportados para vários países através de diferentes fórmulas: a partir da venda de direitos e a criação de uma adaptação fiel, vendendo algumas seções, ou a questão da produção espanhola em diferentes telas. Um show de comédia de televisão com uma encenação em negrito cujas aventuras e desventuras são um exemplo da política da internacionalização da televisão.Palavras-chave: televisão, internacionalização, El Hormiguero, formatos, vendas de direitos.
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Ramos, Paulo Eduardo. "Os formatos da tira no ensino." REVISTA INTERSABERES 12, no. 25 (May 23, 2017): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22169/intersaberes.v12i25.580.

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RESUMO Um dos impactos da indústria cultural nas histórias em quadrinhos foi a criação de formatos regulares para a construção de tiras. Necessidade dos jornais, o molde fixo foi o modo encontrado de padronizar a produção para levar o mesmo produto a mais de um diário. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar como esses diferentes formatos narrativos têm sido apropriados por materiais didáticos brasileiros. A exposição procurará demonstrar que a variedade de moldes narrativos tem explicações em seu processo de produção e circulação. É algo que, se contextualizado ao aluno, ajudaria no processo de identificação do gênero e de construção do sentido, permitindo uma leitura mais crítica daquele conteúdo. Palavras-chave: Formato. Tira. Ensino. ABSTRACT One of the impacts of culture industry towards comic books was the creation of regular formats for comic strips. The regular format was the way to standardize them for newspapers. The following paper has the objective of showing how Brazilian textbooks have used such different narrative formats. It will try to show that the each narrative format has its own characteristics in its production and circulation process. Such explanation could help students identifying the comic strip genre as well as its content construction, which would allow them to have a critical point of view when reading it. Keywords: Format. Comic strip. Teaching. RESUMEN Uno de los impactos de la industria cultural en las historietas fue la creación de formatos estándar para la construcción de tiras. Una necesidad de los periódicos, el molde fijo fue el camino encontrado para estandarizar la producción para llevar el mismo producto hasta más de una revista. En este artículo se pretende demostrar cómo estos diferentes formatos narrativos han sido apropiados para los materiales de enseñanza brasileños. La exposición tratará de demostrar que la variedad de moldes narrativos tiene explicaciones en su proceso de producción y circulación. Es algo que, si contextualizado al estudiante, ayuda en la identificación del género y en la construcción del sentido, lo que permite una lectura más crítica de ese contenido. Palabras-clave: Formato. Tira. Enseñanza.
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Klammer, Thomas P., and Sarah A. Reed. "Operating cash flow formats: Does format influence decisions?" Journal of Accounting and Public Policy 9, no. 3 (September 1990): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-4254(90)90011-n.

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TSAREGORODTSEVA, SVETLANA R., and NATALIA A. PANKRATIEVA. "MULTI-FORMAT RETAIL - WHAT ARE THE FORMATS OF MODERN STORES." Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 232, no. 6 (2021): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2021-232-6-240-253.

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At the moment, modern retail chains operate in various formats. Our Russian entrepreneurs have learned a lot from foreign networks, adopting their experience, technologies and strategies. For example, such formats of retail stores as outlets, malls, boutiques, discount centers, showrooms, hypermarkets, supermarkets, being a foreign product, have successfully taken root and work on the Russian market, including in Yekaterinburg. Retail formats are developing all over the world according to the same logic, and the Russian retail market repeats their experience. Along with this, we should note the tendency to replace traditional trade formats with more modern ones, as well as the desire to create multi-format retail networks. This makes them more flexible, allows them to make more purchases, increase the share of their own brands, and maintain customer loyalty by satisfying their various requests.
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Swoboda, Bernhard, Bettina Berg, and Dan-Cristian Dabija. "International transfer and perception of retail formats." International Marketing Review 31, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-11-2012-0190.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the important but neglected role of retail formats in the transfer and positioning decisions of international retailers. The paper examines the role of core and country-specific attributes of particular formats in determining retailers’ local positioning in inter-format competition. Design/methodology/approach – Focussing on three distinguished grocery formats (i.e. discounters, supermarkets, and hypermarkets) and using multiple-group structural equation models, the authors conducted consumer surveys in Germany and Romania to evaluate consumer perceptions of the core attributes of those formats and their influence on retail brand equity and consumer loyalty. Findings – Although consumer perceptions of core attributes differ between formats in Germany and Romania, most of the core attributes of the formats affect retail brands with equal strength in both markets. Retail brand equity determines loyalty to all formats in both countries. Research limitations/implications – Retailers transferring their formats to foreign countries should place particular emphasis on managing the core attributes of a specific format, as these attributes are of paramount importance in establishing a strong brand. Additional country-specific attributes are also relevant to varying extents, depending on the particular format that is used. Assessing causal relationships extends retailer knowledge of the role of format attributes. Originality/value – This study proposes a format-specific approach that is novel to international retailing research. The country comparison strengthens the study's implications, considers both a developed and an emerging economy, and accounts for the preference of Western European retailers to expand into Eastern European countries. The paper concludes that format transfer and positioning decisions occur within the boundaries of core format attributes.
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Plase, Daiga, Laila Niedrite, and Romans Taranovs. "A Comparison of HDFS Compact Data Formats: Avro Versus Parquet." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 9, no. 3 (July 4, 2017): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2017.1033.

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In this paper, file formats like Avro and Parquet are compared with text formats to evaluate the performance of the data queries. Different data query patterns have been evaluated. Cloudera’s open-source Apache Hadoop distribution CDH 5.4 has been chosen for the experiments presented in this article. The results show that compact data formats (Avro and Parquet) take up less storage space when compared with plain text data formats because of binary data format and compression advantage. Furthermore, data queries from the column based data format Parquet are faster when compared with text data formats and Avro.
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Smyth, Jolene D., Kristen Olson, and Allison Burke. "Comparing survey ranking question formats in mail surveys." International Journal of Market Research 60, no. 5 (April 3, 2018): 502–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785318767286.

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Although questions that ask respondents to rank-order a list of items can be analytically valuable, responding to ranking questions typically requires a good deal of cognitive effort. This is especially true in mail questionnaires where the advantages of electronic response formats available in web surveys are inaccessible. In this article, we examine two alternative formats for ranking questions in mail surveys. Using a nationally representative mail survey of U.S. adults, this article experimentally compares ranking formats in which respondents write numbers in boxes versus selecting items for the most and second most important issues using a grid layout. Respondents to the numbering format were more likely to provide usable data, although one-third of respondents in this format still did not follow instructions correctly. Substantive responses differed somewhat across formats. Less educated respondents had difficulty with both formats, resulting in substantively different conclusions about preferences across formats for this group. A numbering format is more effective than a most–second most grid format for collecting ranking data in mail surveys.
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Gonnella, Giorgio. "TextFormats: Simplifying the definition and parsing of text formats in bioinformatics." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 26, 2022): e0268910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268910.

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Text formats are common in bioinformatics, as they allow for editing and filtering using standard tools, as well as, since text formats are often human readable, manual inspection and evaluation of the data. Bioinformatics is a rapidly evolving field, hence, new techniques, new software tools, new kinds of data often require the definition of new formats. Often new formats are not formally described in a standard or specification document. Although software libraries are available for accessing the most common formats, writing parsers for text formats, for which no library is currently available, is a very common though tedious task, utilized by many researchers in the field. This manuscript presents the open source software library and toolset TextFormats (available at https://github.com/ggonnella/textformats), which aims at simplifying the definition and parsing of text formats. Formats specifications are written in a simple data description format using an interactive wizard. Automatic generation of data examples and automatic testing of specifications allow for checking for correctness. Given the specification for a text format, TextFormats allows parsing and writing data in that format, using several programming languages (Nim, Python, C/C++) or the provided command line and graphical user interface tools. Although designed as a general purpose software, the main target application field, for the above mentioned reasons, is expected to be in bioinformatics: Thus, the specifications of several common existing bioinformatics formats are included.
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Boekelder, Angelique. "Printed Instructions: An Examination of Some Visual Formats for Presenting Procedures." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 26, no. 4 (October 1996): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pye9-6h58-64rd-tdxa.

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Three formats for presenting a number of similar procedures in printed instructions were compared in an experiment: separate lists, an integrated list, and a table. Participants had to operate a device on the computer screen, following procedures that were presented in one of these three formats. The integrated list format and the table format were expected to provide an overview of the features common to the similar procedures, which would help incidental learning of the procedures. However, the experiment did not yield such results. None of the formats scored significantly better than the other in the augmentation of incidental learning. Since instructions in integrated list format take more time to read in the beginning than the other formats, the integrated list format can be considered as the least favorable format.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Formats"

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Parrill, Scott. "Revisiting Rating Format Research: Computer-Based Rating Formats and Components of Accuracy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33502.

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Prior to 1980, most research on performance appraisal focused on rating formats. Since then, most performance appraisal research has focused on the internal processes of raters. This study redirects the focus back onto rating format with a critical eye towards rating accuracy. Ninety subjects read several hypothetical descriptions of teacher behavior and then rated the teachers on different dimensions of teaching performance using computer-based rating formats. It was found that rating format does affect some measures of rating accuracy. In addition, support was found for the viability of a new rating format. Graphic rating scales with no anchors received higher accuracy scores on certain measures of accuracy, higher ratings for liking of the rating format, higher levels of comfort with the rating format, and higher levels of interrater reliability than either BARS or graphic rating scales with numerical anchors. This study supports the ideas that rating format research should be reexamined with a focus on rating accuracy and that computer-based graphic scales with no anchors should be considered as an alternative to more traditional rating methods.
Master of Science
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Pinkston, Antonio, Jesus Moreno, and Walter C. Mainor. "Alternative assignment incentive pay formats." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10035.

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MBA Professional Report
The purpose of this MBA professional report is to investigate and analyze experiments designed to evaluate the efficiency of alternative auction formats when auctions are used to determine individual assignments for one of several available jobs. During these assignment auctions, bids consist of compensation requests and the subjects are presented with multiple jobs over which to bid. The structure of their bids will be compared across alternative rules for determining job assignments. Also, this research report will investigate and analyze the success of the Assignment Incentive Pay (AIP) auction format. In addition, this research will address and review the Navy's current policy, guidance, and doctrine for billet assignment. Furthermore, the reports recommendations will include how the U.S. Navy can effectively develop a theoretical model of bidding behavior with testable hypotheses, and provide preliminary results on these hypotheses.
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Jones, Charles H., and Lee S. Gardner. "Automated Generation of Telemetry Formats." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611414.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
The process of generating a telemetry format is currently more of an ad-hoc art than a science. Telemetry stream formats conform to traditions that seem to be obsolete given today's computing power. Most format designers would have difficulty explaining why they use the development heuristics they use and even more difficulty explaining why the heuristics work. The formats produced by these heuristics tend to be inefficient in the sense that bandwidth is wasted. This paper makes an important step in establishing a theory on which to base telemetry format construction. In particular it describes an O(nlog n) algorithm for automatically generating telemetry formats. The algorithm also has the potential of efficiently filling a telemetry stream without wasting bits.
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Uppukunnathe, Deepak. "Semantic Formats for Emergency Management." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105178.

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Over a decade ago, there was no standardised method for information sharing during emergency situations. Governments, first responders, and emergency practitioners often had to rely on what little technology that was available to them. This situation slowed down communications, putting entire recovery operations, and lives at stake. The Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) is the umbrella standard for several emergency communication standards that are being developed to address this issue. The Semantic Web is slowly, but steadily becoming a natural extension of the present-day Web. Thanks to efforts from researchers, and corporations such as Google, Facebook, etc., we are seeing more, and more semantics aware applications on the Web. These applications have been successful in bringing Semantic Web technologies to the common user to a large extent. Semantic Web technologies have found applications in a wide range of domains, from medical research to media management. However, a study to see if EDXL messaging standards can benefit from Semantic Web technologies has not yet been made. In this thesis, we investigate the possibility of enabling Semantic Web technologies for EDXL standards, specifically the EDXL Resource Messaging (EDXL-RM) standard, and explore the benefits that can come out of it. The possibility of converting XML based EDXL-RM messages to semantic formats is explored at first. This step is achieved through the evaluation of existing tools and technologies. Based on the outcome of this study, an EDXL to OWL converter that works in two stages is developed. The motivation for enabling semantic support for EDXL standards is illustrated through several use cases.
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Montezuma, Panez Oscar. "TV formats and copyright: a peruvian and international case law approach." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116588.

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TV formats are one of the most used mechanisms in the audiovisual industry. Their protection by copyright is a subject of academic debate which reflects in the diverse international and national jurisprudence on the matter. This article aims to give a brief review of some theoretical aspects regarding the type of protection provided by copyright to audiovisual productions, providinga case law approach on recent Peruvian and international jurisprudence.
Los formatos televisivos son uno de los mecanismos más utilizados en la industria audiovisual. Su protección por el derecho de autor es un tema de mucho debate académico que se refleja en la diversa jurisprudencia internacional y nacional que existe sobre la materia. El presente artículo tiene por objeto hacer un breve repaso por algunos aspectos de orden conceptual relativos al tipo de protección que ofrece el derecho de autor a las producciones audiovisuales y luego una revisión de la jurisprudencia nacional y comparada relevante que permitirá complementar dicha visión.
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Lundgren, Marcus. "A comparison of 3D file formats." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationskodning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72753.

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Choosing a 3D file format is a difficult task, as there exists a countless number of formats with different ways of storing the data. The format may be binary or clear text using XML, supporting a lot of features or just the ones that is currently required and there may be an official, or just an unofficial, specification available. This thesis compares four different 3D file formats by how they handle specific features; meshes, animation and materials. The file formats were chosen based on if they could be exported by the 3D computer graphics software Blender, if they supported the required features and if they appeared to have some form of complete specification. The formats were then evaluated by looking at the available specification and, if time permitted, creating a parser. The chosen formats were COLLADA, B3D, MD2 and X. The comparison was then conducted, comparing how they handled meshes, animation, materials, specification and file size. This was followed by a more general discussion about the formats.
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Adamson, Gary. "Illusory effects in some graphical formats." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321637.

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Bordes, Philippe. "Adapting video compression to new formats." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S003/document.

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Les nouvelles techniques de compression vidéo doivent intégrer un haut niveau d'adaptabilité, à la fois en terme de bande passante réseau, de scalabilité des formats (taille d'images, espace de couleur…) et de compatibilité avec l'existant. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse regroupe des études menées en lien avec le standard HEVC. Dans une première partie, plusieurs adaptations qui exploitent les propriétés du signal et qui sont mises en place lors de la création du bit-stream sont explorées. L'étude d'un nouveau partitionnement des images pour mieux s'ajuster aux frontières réelles du mouvement permet des gains significatifs. Ce principe est étendu à la modélisation long-terme du mouvement à l'aide de trajectoires. Nous montrons que l'on peut aussi exploiter la corrélation inter-composantes des images et compenser les variations de luminance inter-images pour augmenter l'efficacité de la compression. Dans une seconde partie, des adaptations réalisées sur des flux vidéo compressés existants et qui s'appuient sur des propriétés de flexibilité intrinsèque de certains bit-streams sont investiguées. En particulier, un nouveau type de codage scalable qui supporte des espaces de couleur différents est proposé. De ces travaux, nous dérivons des metadata et un modèle associé pour opérer un remapping couleur générique des images. Le stream-switching est aussi exploré comme une application particulière du codage scalable. Plusieurs de ces techniques ont été proposées à MPEG. Certaines ont été adoptées dans le standard HEVC et aussi dans la nouvelle norme UHD Blu-ray Disc. Nous avons investigué des méthodes variées pour adapter le codage de la vidéo aux différentes conditions de distribution et aux spécificités de certains contenus. Suivant les scénarios, on peut sélectionner et combiner plusieurs d'entre elles pour répondre au mieux aux besoins des applications
The new video codecs should be designed with an high level of adaptability in terms of network bandwidth, format scalability (size, color space…) and backward compatibility. This thesis was made in this context and within the scope of the HEVC standard development. In a first part, several Video Coding adaptations that exploit the signal properties and which take place at the bit-stream creation are explored. The study of improved frame partitioning for inter prediction allows better fitting the actual motion frontiers and shows significant gains. This principle is further extended to long-term motion modeling with trajectories. We also show how the cross-component correlation statistics and the luminance change between pictures can be exploited to increase the coding efficiency. In a second part, post-creation stream adaptations relying on intrinsic stream flexibility are investigated. In particular, a new color gamut scalability scheme addressing color space adaptation is proposed. From this work, we derive color remapping metadata and an associated model to provide low complexity and general purpose color remapping feature. We also explore the adaptive resolution coding and how to extend scalable codec to stream-switching applications. Several of the described techniques have been proposed to MPEG. Some of them have been adopted in the HEVC standard and in the UHD Blu-ray Disc. Various techniques for adapting the video compression to the content characteristics and to the distribution use cases have been considered. They can be selected or combined together depending on the applications requirements
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Bernard, Julia M. "Teaching Practitioners in Online Learner Formats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/939.

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Practitioner pedagogy can be difficult to manage online. We are teaching professionals to practice without face to face contact. In some cases, technology is available to interact with our students, but it is not the only way of broadening their skills. Teaching family life education and human services using electronic learning formats must incorporate interaction with the student's community. Strategies for engaging students and making them competent professionals will be addressed. Objectives By the end of the presentation attendees will: 1. outline at least three necessary components of a skills based online class. 2. evaluate and discuss barriers to online learning of skills. 3. describe three ways to incorporate practitioner skills into their online course.
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Krueger, Barry. "Gender and test item-response formats." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2001.

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The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the patterns of science achievement for 154 ninth-grade girls and boys on multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response items. The study was guided by a model, developed from an extensive review of the literature, incorporating the dimensions of generalised self-efficacy, item- specific self-efficacy and worry. These variables were operationalised through selected or specifically developed quantitative and/or qualitative research methods, and a series of equivalent multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response achievement items was constructed for two different unit tests. The participants in the study rated their item-specific self-efficacies on 5-point Likert-type scales immediately before answering each of the achievement items, and they completed a series of worry items from Spielberger's Test Anxiety Inventory halfway through each test. Qualitative data were collected by surveying all the students and by interviewing selected students. The quasi-experimental analyses revealed the absence of any practically important gender-related differences in achievement for the multiple-choice and the constructed-response achievement items. However, the boys reported more item-specific self-efficacy and less worry than the girls for each of these item-response formats, and each of these gender-related differences was judged to be practically significant. The qualitative data provided additional evidence that the girls' self-perceptions of their efficacy for answering multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response items was lower than that of the boys. It also provided support for the model underpinning the study. Overall, there was no evidence of any practically important interactions between gender and item-response formats, for either item-specific self-efficacy, worry or achievement, indicating that neither of the item-response formats used in the study, with this group of students, advantaged one sex over the other. Additionally, the findings from this study suggested that sufficient time should be allowed during testing so that all students can complete tests to the levels of their capabilities and that, during tests, the influence of students' self-efficacies is mediated through the quality of their engagement with test items.
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Books on the topic "Formats"

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1956-, Mohlhenrich Janice, ed. Preservation of electronic formats & electronic formats for preservation. Fort Atkinson, Wis: Highsmith Press, 1993.

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Inc, Research Systems, ed. Scientific data formats. Boulder, Colo: Research Systems, 1999.

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Internet file formats. Scottsdale, Ariz: Coriolis Group Books, 1995.

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R, Levine John, ed. Graphics file formats. Blue Ridge Summit, Pa: Windcrest/McGraw-Hill, 1992.

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R, Levine John, ed. Graphics file formats. 2nd ed. New York: Windcrest/McGraw-Hill, 1995.

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Born, Günter. The file formats handbook. London: International Thomson Computer Press, 1995.

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standards, OCLC Concise input. Bibliographic formats and standards. 3rd ed. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC, 2002.

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Library of Congress. Network Development and MARC Standards Office., ed. MARC 21 concise formats. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C: Cataloging Distribution Service, Library of Congress, 2001.

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inc, Interleaf. Interleaf 5 file formats. 5th ed. Manchester: Manchester Computing Centre, 1991.

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OCLC. Bibliographic formats and standards. 3rd ed. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Formats"

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Westbrook, John D., and Paula M. D. Fitzgerald. "The PDB Format, mmCIF Formats, and Other Data Formats." In Structural Bioinformatics, 159–79. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471721204.ch8.

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Gehrke, Wilhelm. "Formats." In The F Language Guide, 181–94. London: Springer London, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0989-1_12.

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Gehrke, Wilhelm. "Formats." In Fortran 95 Language Guide, 195–248. London: Springer London, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1025-5_12.

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Karow, Peter. "Formats." In Digital Typefaces, 57–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78105-6_5.

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Schönhut, Jürgen. "Formats." In Computer Graphics Systems and Applications, 97–118. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60656-4_5.

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Gehrke, Wilhelm. "Formats." In Fortran 90 Language Guide, 237–62. London: Springer London, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3014-7_12.

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Keane, Michael. "Formats." In The Chinese Television Industry, 85–110. London: British Film Institute, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84457-686-9_5.

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Herzberg, Paul A. "Formats." In How SAS Works, 125–42. New York, NY: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9670-7_12.

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Söderlund, Hans, Kai Korpela, Francois Coutlée, Robert H. Yolken, Raphael P. Viscidi, Mary Collins, Richard A. Cardullo, Rudolf Seibl, and Stefanie Koehler. "Quantitative Formats." In Nonradioactive Labeling and Detection of Biomolecules, 393–427. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00144-8_22.

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Martel, Ralph R., Matthew P. Rounseville, Ihab W. Botros, and Bruce E. Seligmann. "Array Formats." In Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering, 3–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-26578-3_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Formats"

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Barina, David. "Comparison of Lossless Image Formats." In WSCG'2021 - 29. International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision'2021. Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/csrn.2021.3101.38.

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In recent years, a bag with image and video compression formats has been torn. However, most of them are focused on lossy compression and only marginally support the lossless mode. In this paper, I will focus on lossless formats and the critical question: "Which one is the most efficient?" It turned out that FLIF is currently the most efficient format for lossless image compression. This finding is in contrast to that FLIF developers stopped its development in favor of JPEG XL.
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Presnyakov, Sergey, Grigory Boyarshinov, Tatyana Borovskaya, and Alena Rybkina. "Graphic File Formats for Web Virtual Globe." In 31th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2021-3027-580-588.

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In this paper various graphic formats were reviewed as resources for web virtual globe. Interactive spherical visualization (ISV) platform called “Orbus” was considered as an example of a graphic resources repository for web virtual globe. Various raster and vector static and dynamic cartographic layers can be set as resources of applications of this type. Such data should fulfill requirements for high informativeness with a minimum disk volume. In this paper traditional formats used for geodata storing, as well as becoming popular formats that can be adapted to work with geodata were explored. As a result of the analysis of the characteristics of common raster formats, the optimized raster format WebP (in the lossless specification), as well as the associated WebM media container, were selected as the most efficient. As a result of analysis of the characteristics of common vector formats, conclusions about their limitations in visual design of the virtual globe were made.
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Mader, Maud-Alix, Frederic Bottausci, and Igor Mezic. "Electrokinetic Mixing in Microplates and its Applications to Kinase and ELISA-Assay Type Reactions." In ASME 2009 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2009-78530.

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While 384 well-plate format is still commonly used by the Biomolecular community, miniaturized formats (1536 and 3456 well-plates) are gaining in popularity, due to promise of higher throughput and lower reagent consumption. However, decrease in reagent volume in such miniaturized formats leads to issues of accuracy and sensitivity caused by incomplete mixing and the mechanical stirring methods satisfactory used for 384 well-plate formats, give poor mixing with lower volumes. Here we present results obtained in 1536-well and 3456-well plates equipped with electrodes where we induced fluid flow by the action of electromagnetic fields. Improvement in two types of reactions are obtained, related to ELISA-type assays and kinase-based assays. For example, in the kinase reaction, we show that, when using the electrode-enabled mixing technology, an 8 minutes protocol in 1536-well plate format is equivalent in accuracy to a 90 minutes protocol in standard 96-well plate format mixed using an orbital shaker. This mixing technology is scalable, due to modern developments in electrode manufacturing and can be used in super-high throughput screening formats, such as 10000-well or droplets.
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Bancroft, David J. "Images and Formats." In SMPTE Technical Conference. IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/m00165.

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Piotrowski, Michael. "Future Publishing Formats." In DocEng '16: ACM Symposium on Document Engineering 2016. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2960811.2967170.

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Hellmuth, Nils, and Eva-Maria Jakobs. "Potential of conflict communication formats for infrastructure projects." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002363.

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Germany has decided to fundamentally transform its whole energy system. The transformation requires numerous infrastructure projects that are conflict-prone [1]. To handle conflicts, involved companies are expected to use legally prescribed public participation procedures (formal) as well as non-legally binding participation processes (informal). Public participation can occur on three intensity levels: information, consultation, and cooperation [2]. Little research has been done on how conflict communication can be used at different participation levels. This paper aims on a deeper understanding of how conflict communication formats are perceived by people living in so-called energy regions, i.e., regions undergoing an intensive energy transformation. It focuses on how they retrospectively evaluate their potential for conflict management, and what recommendations they derive from this knowledge.This paper presents selected outcomes of a study conducted in the large-scale project ENSURE, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The project aims on solutions for the German energy transition. The study combines in-depth interview and pre-questionnaire. The literature-based interview guideline covers two question complexes: (1) background, remit, and experience, (2) conflict communication (occurrence of conflict; conflict triggers and resolutions; potential of communication formats; quality criteria; challenges of distance conditions). In the pre-questionnaire, respondents were asked to rate the potential of formats of participation levels for conflict management (1 = very suitable; 6 = not suitable at all). For each level, formats frequently named in the literature were given [3]. In the in-depth interviews, participants were asked to comment on their ratings. In addition, they were asked to recall two infrastructure projects they had experience with and indicate which formats had been used particularly well or poorly? The participants were contacted using a stakeholder list provided by the project consortium. The participants (n=12; nine male, three female) live in the federate state Schleswig-Holstein and have experience with infrastructure projects in the energy and/or mobility sector. All are well-informed about the region. Most of them (n=8) are involved in environmental protection organizations or in local politics, e.g., in regional development committees. Interviews were conducted digitally in 2021. The data were anonymized, transcribed, analyzed qualitatively (two coders; overall categories: 247) as well as quantitatively.Conflict communication formats were mostly used on the information level. The best ratings are given to consultation level formats (Ø = 2.2). At the information level, information events are rated as most suitable (Ø = 1.3). At consultation level, resource-intensive personal talks with those affected are recommended (Ø = 1.3). Respondents favor integrating levels of participation and formats, e.g., consultation processes as part of information events. At cooperation level, mediation is best rated (Ø = 1.9). The respondents address factors influencing the suitability of formats for conflict management. Some formats are strongly topic-dependent, e.g., an expert hearing is particularly suitable if a topic generates fears. Other factors are the target group, the local context (city/rural) or the setting (private/public). The format choice should consider the project size and phase.Further research should examine the impact of the factors named above and how conflict communication can function under distance conditions (COVID-19 pandemic).Literature[1] Renn (2015): Aspekte der Energiewende aus sozialwissenschaftlicher Perspektive. Analyse aus der Schriftenreihe Energiesysteme der Zukunft. München: acatech.[2] Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e.V. (VDI) (2015): VDI-Standard 7001 – Communication and public participation in planning and building of infrastructure projects. Training for work stages of engineers. Berlin: Beuth.[3] Ziekow/ Barth/ Schütte/ Ewen (2014): Konfliktdialog bei der Zulassung von Vorhaben der Energiewende. Leitfaden für Behörden. Konfliktdialog bei Höchstspannungsanlagen.
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Gutierrez, Israel, Carlos Delgado Kloos, and Raquel M. Crespo. "Assessing assessment formats: The current picture: Special session: Assessing assessment formats." In 2010 IEEE Education Engineering 2010 - The Future of Global Learning Engineering Education (EDUCON 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/educon.2010.5492384.

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LANDE, S. B., and T. S. LAMBA. "COMPARISON OF MPEG FORMATS." In Proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704337_0084.

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Patil, Sandeep R. "Accessible image file formats." In the 2007 international cross-disciplinary conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1243441.1243455.

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Chandrasekhar, S., Xiang Liu, T. H. Wood, and R. W. Tkach. "High Sensitivity Modulation Formats." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2012.ow3h.6.

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Reports on the topic "Formats"

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Turner, S., and O. Borchert. BGPsec Algorithms, Key Formats, and Signature Formats. RFC Editor, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8208.

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Turner, S., and O. Borchert. BGPsec Algorithms, Key Formats, and Signature Formats. RFC Editor, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8608.

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Calderwood, Timothy D., and Patricia E. Staffieri. NRL Report Formats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada369070.

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Calderwood, Timothy D. NRL Report Formats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada275533.

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Rearden, Bradley T. Sensitivity Data File Formats. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1325428.

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Atkins, D., W. Stallings, and P. Zimmermann. PGP Message Exchange Formats. RFC Editor, August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1991.

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Brownlee, N., and A. Blount. Accounting Attributes and Record Formats. RFC Editor, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2924.

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Pinkston, Antonio, Walter C. Mainor, and Jesus S. Moreno. Alternative Assignment Incentive Pay Formats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435386.

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Boisvert, Ronald F., Roldan Pozo, and Karin A. Remington. The matrix market exchange formats:. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5935.

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Trkov, Andre, and David A. Brown. ENDF-6 Formats Manual: Data Formats and Procedures for the Evaluated Nuclear Data Files. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1425114.

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