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Parrill, Scott. "Revisiting Rating Format Research: Computer-Based Rating Formats and Components of Accuracy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33502.
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Prior to 1980, most research on performance appraisal focused on rating formats. Since then, most performance appraisal research has focused on the internal processes of raters. This study redirects the focus back onto rating format with a critical eye towards rating accuracy. Ninety subjects read several hypothetical descriptions of teacher behavior and then rated the teachers on different dimensions of teaching performance using computer-based rating formats. It was found that rating format does affect some measures of rating accuracy. In addition, support was found for the viability of a new rating format. Graphic rating scales with no anchors received higher accuracy scores on certain measures of accuracy, higher ratings for liking of the rating format, higher levels of comfort with the rating format, and higher levels of interrater reliability than either BARS or graphic rating scales with numerical anchors. This study supports the ideas that rating format research should be reexamined with a focus on rating accuracy and that computer-based graphic scales with no anchors should be considered as an alternative to more traditional rating methods.Master of Science
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Pinkston, Antonio, Jesus Moreno, and Walter C. Mainor. "Alternative assignment incentive pay formats." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10035.
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MBA Professional ReportThe purpose of this MBA professional report is to investigate and analyze experiments designed to evaluate the efficiency of alternative auction formats when auctions are used to determine individual assignments for one of several available jobs. During these assignment auctions, bids consist of compensation requests and the subjects are presented with multiple jobs over which to bid. The structure of their bids will be compared across alternative rules for determining job assignments. Also, this research report will investigate and analyze the success of the Assignment Incentive Pay (AIP) auction format. In addition, this research will address and review the Navy's current policy, guidance, and doctrine for billet assignment. Furthermore, the reports recommendations will include how the U.S. Navy can effectively develop a theoretical model of bidding behavior with testable hypotheses, and provide preliminary results on these hypotheses.
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Jones, Charles H., and Lee S. Gardner. "Automated Generation of Telemetry Formats." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611414.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe process of generating a telemetry format is currently more of an ad-hoc art than a science. Telemetry stream formats conform to traditions that seem to be obsolete given today's computing power. Most format designers would have difficulty explaining why they use the development heuristics they use and even more difficulty explaining why the heuristics work. The formats produced by these heuristics tend to be inefficient in the sense that bandwidth is wasted. This paper makes an important step in establishing a theory on which to base telemetry format construction. In particular it describes an O(nlog n) algorithm for automatically generating telemetry formats. The algorithm also has the potential of efficiently filling a telemetry stream without wasting bits.
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Uppukunnathe, Deepak. "Semantic Formats for Emergency Management." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-105178.
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Over a decade ago, there was no standardised method for information sharing during emergency situations. Governments, first responders, and emergency practitioners often had to rely on what little technology that was available to them. This situation slowed down communications, putting entire recovery operations, and lives at stake. The Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) is the umbrella standard for several emergency communication standards that are being developed to address this issue. The Semantic Web is slowly, but steadily becoming a natural extension of the present-day Web. Thanks to efforts from researchers, and corporations such as Google, Facebook, etc., we are seeing more, and more semantics aware applications on the Web. These applications have been successful in bringing Semantic Web technologies to the common user to a large extent. Semantic Web technologies have found applications in a wide range of domains, from medical research to media management. However, a study to see if EDXL messaging standards can benefit from Semantic Web technologies has not yet been made. In this thesis, we investigate the possibility of enabling Semantic Web technologies for EDXL standards, specifically the EDXL Resource Messaging (EDXL-RM) standard, and explore the benefits that can come out of it. The possibility of converting XML based EDXL-RM messages to semantic formats is explored at first. This step is achieved through the evaluation of existing tools and technologies. Based on the outcome of this study, an EDXL to OWL converter that works in two stages is developed. The motivation for enabling semantic support for EDXL standards is illustrated through several use cases.
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Montezuma, Panez Oscar. "TV formats and copyright: a peruvian and international case law approach." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116588.
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TV formats are one of the most used mechanisms in the audiovisual industry. Their protection by copyright is a subject of academic debate which reflects in the diverse international and national jurisprudence on the matter. This article aims to give a brief review of some theoretical aspects regarding the type of protection provided by copyright to audiovisual productions, providinga case law approach on recent Peruvian and international jurisprudence.Los formatos televisivos son uno de los mecanismos más utilizados en la industria audiovisual. Su protección por el derecho de autor es un tema de mucho debate académico que se refleja en la diversa jurisprudencia internacional y nacional que existe sobre la materia. El presente artículo tiene por objeto hacer un breve repaso por algunos aspectos de orden conceptual relativos al tipo de protección que ofrece el derecho de autor a las producciones audiovisuales y luego una revisión de la jurisprudencia nacional y comparada relevante que permitirá complementar dicha visión.
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Lundgren, Marcus. "A comparison of 3D file formats." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationskodning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72753.
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Choosing a 3D file format is a difficult task, as there exists a countless number of formats with different ways of storing the data. The format may be binary or clear text using XML, supporting a lot of features or just the ones that is currently required and there may be an official, or just an unofficial, specification available. This thesis compares four different 3D file formats by how they handle specific features; meshes, animation and materials. The file formats were chosen based on if they could be exported by the 3D computer graphics software Blender, if they supported the required features and if they appeared to have some form of complete specification. The formats were then evaluated by looking at the available specification and, if time permitted, creating a parser. The chosen formats were COLLADA, B3D, MD2 and X. The comparison was then conducted, comparing how they handled meshes, animation, materials, specification and file size. This was followed by a more general discussion about the formats.
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Adamson, Gary. "Illusory effects in some graphical formats." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321637.
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Bordes, Philippe. "Adapting video compression to new formats." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S003/document.
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Les nouvelles techniques de compression vidéo doivent intégrer un haut niveau d'adaptabilité, à la fois en terme de bande passante réseau, de scalabilité des formats (taille d'images, espace de couleur…) et de compatibilité avec l'existant. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse regroupe des études menées en lien avec le standard HEVC. Dans une première partie, plusieurs adaptations qui exploitent les propriétés du signal et qui sont mises en place lors de la création du bit-stream sont explorées. L'étude d'un nouveau partitionnement des images pour mieux s'ajuster aux frontières réelles du mouvement permet des gains significatifs. Ce principe est étendu à la modélisation long-terme du mouvement à l'aide de trajectoires. Nous montrons que l'on peut aussi exploiter la corrélation inter-composantes des images et compenser les variations de luminance inter-images pour augmenter l'efficacité de la compression. Dans une seconde partie, des adaptations réalisées sur des flux vidéo compressés existants et qui s'appuient sur des propriétés de flexibilité intrinsèque de certains bit-streams sont investiguées. En particulier, un nouveau type de codage scalable qui supporte des espaces de couleur différents est proposé. De ces travaux, nous dérivons des metadata et un modèle associé pour opérer un remapping couleur générique des images. Le stream-switching est aussi exploré comme une application particulière du codage scalable. Plusieurs de ces techniques ont été proposées à MPEG. Certaines ont été adoptées dans le standard HEVC et aussi dans la nouvelle norme UHD Blu-ray Disc. Nous avons investigué des méthodes variées pour adapter le codage de la vidéo aux différentes conditions de distribution et aux spécificités de certains contenus. Suivant les scénarios, on peut sélectionner et combiner plusieurs d'entre elles pour répondre au mieux aux besoins des applicationsThe new video codecs should be designed with an high level of adaptability in terms of network bandwidth, format scalability (size, color space…) and backward compatibility. This thesis was made in this context and within the scope of the HEVC standard development. In a first part, several Video Coding adaptations that exploit the signal properties and which take place at the bit-stream creation are explored. The study of improved frame partitioning for inter prediction allows better fitting the actual motion frontiers and shows significant gains. This principle is further extended to long-term motion modeling with trajectories. We also show how the cross-component correlation statistics and the luminance change between pictures can be exploited to increase the coding efficiency. In a second part, post-creation stream adaptations relying on intrinsic stream flexibility are investigated. In particular, a new color gamut scalability scheme addressing color space adaptation is proposed. From this work, we derive color remapping metadata and an associated model to provide low complexity and general purpose color remapping feature. We also explore the adaptive resolution coding and how to extend scalable codec to stream-switching applications. Several of the described techniques have been proposed to MPEG. Some of them have been adopted in the HEVC standard and in the UHD Blu-ray Disc. Various techniques for adapting the video compression to the content characteristics and to the distribution use cases have been considered. They can be selected or combined together depending on the applications requirements
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Bernard, Julia M. "Teaching Practitioners in Online Learner Formats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/939.
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Practitioner pedagogy can be difficult to manage online. We are teaching professionals to practice without face to face contact. In some cases, technology is available to interact with our students, but it is not the only way of broadening their skills. Teaching family life education and human services using electronic learning formats must incorporate interaction with the student's community. Strategies for engaging students and making them competent professionals will be addressed. Objectives
By the end of the presentation attendees will: 1. outline at least three necessary components of a skills based online class. 2. evaluate and discuss barriers to online learning of skills. 3. describe three ways to incorporate practitioner skills into their online course.
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Krueger, Barry. "Gender and test item-response formats." Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2001.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the patterns of science achievement for 154 ninth-grade girls and boys on multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response items. The study was guided by a model, developed from an extensive review of the literature, incorporating the dimensions of generalised self-efficacy, item- specific self-efficacy and worry. These variables were operationalised through selected or specifically developed quantitative and/or qualitative research methods, and a series of equivalent multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response achievement items was constructed for two different unit tests. The participants in the study rated their item-specific self-efficacies on 5-point Likert-type scales immediately before answering each of the achievement items, and they completed a series of worry items from Spielberger's Test Anxiety Inventory halfway through each test. Qualitative data were collected by surveying all the students and by interviewing selected students. The quasi-experimental analyses revealed the absence of any practically important gender-related differences in achievement for the multiple-choice and the constructed-response achievement items. However, the boys reported more item-specific self-efficacy and less worry than the girls for each of these item-response formats, and each of these gender-related differences was judged to be practically significant. The qualitative data provided additional evidence that the girls' self-perceptions of their efficacy for answering multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response items was lower than that of the boys. It also provided support for the model underpinning the study. Overall, there was no evidence of any practically important interactions between gender and item-response formats, for either item-specific self-efficacy, worry or achievement, indicating that neither of the item-response formats used in the study, with this group of students, advantaged one sex over the other. Additionally, the findings from this study suggested that sufficient time should be allowed during testing so that all students can complete tests to the levels of their capabilities and that, during tests, the influence of students' self-efficacies is mediated through the quality of their engagement with test items.
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Krueger, Barry. "Gender and test item-response formats." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=9887.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the patterns of science achievement for 154 ninth-grade girls and boys on multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response items. The study was guided by a model, developed from an extensive review of the literature, incorporating the dimensions of generalised self-efficacy, item- specific self-efficacy and worry. These variables were operationalised through selected or specifically developed quantitative and/or qualitative research methods, and a series of equivalent multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response achievement items was constructed for two different unit tests. The participants in the study rated their item-specific self-efficacies on 5-point Likert-type scales immediately before answering each of the achievement items, and they completed a series of worry items from Spielberger's Test Anxiety Inventory halfway through each test. Qualitative data were collected by surveying all the students and by interviewing selected students. The quasi-experimental analyses revealed the absence of any practically important gender-related differences in achievement for the multiple-choice and the constructed-response achievement items. However, the boys reported more item-specific self-efficacy and less worry than the girls for each of these item-response formats, and each of these gender-related differences was judged to be practically significant. The qualitative data provided additional evidence that the girls' self-perceptions of their efficacy for answering multiple-choice and short-answer constructed-response items was lower than that of the boys. It also provided support for the model underpinning the study. Overall, there was no evidence of any practically important interactions between gender and item-response formats, for either item-specific self-efficacy, worry or achievement, ++indicating that neither of the item-response formats used in the study, with this group of students, advantaged one sex over the other. Additionally, the findings from this study suggested that sufficient time should be allowed during testing so that all students can complete tests to the levels of their capabilities and that, during tests, the influence of students' self-efficacies is mediated through the quality of their engagement with test items.
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Redhead, Tracy. "Interactive music formats : will audiences interact?" Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/80881/4/Tracy_Redhead_Thesis.pdf.
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The purpose of this research was to conduct a pilot study of a prototype interactive music release format which sought to investigate the readiness of audiences to interact with an interactive alternative to a fixed recorded work. A prototype music interface was created for testing. The prototype was then tested on a sample of users to understand what factors might be critical to audience engagement. The research further investigated the potential implications of the interactive release format on musicians' creative process.
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O'Connell, Beverly O. "A comparative study evaluating the effectiveness of nursing assessment formats." Thesis, Curtin University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2199.
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Nursing assessment is the foundation of the nursing process. The focus and type of data collected, during such assessment is central to the effectiveness of the diagnostic process and subsequent planned nursing interventions. Whilst there is a multiplicity of factors that impact upon the diagnostic process, eminent nurse theorists espouse a relationship between assessment formats and diagnostic accuracy. This study evaluates the effectiveness of two types of assessment formats by addressing the following questions. When student and registered nurses use a Gordons Functional Health Pattern (GFHP) assessment format compared to using a Review of Biological Systems (ROBS) assessment format is there a difference in: (1) the number and type of diagnoses identified? and (2) the number of criteria achieved within the Standards for Nursing Care (ANF, 1989)?A developed case study with verified diagnoses was used. Professional actors played the part of the client and followed a standard script. Volunteer student and registered nurses (N=100) were randomly assigned to the two types of assessment formats. They were required to conduct an assessment of the client and state the nursing diagnoses. Data were analysed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance.Results indicated that when both groups of nurses used the GFHP format they stated significantly more correct and more diverse categories of diagnoses and significantly fewer diagnoses which were classified as being incorrect and medical, than when they used the ROBS format. In addition, when student and registered nurses used the GFHP format, they elicited significantly more information that complied with the criteria outlined within the Standards for Nursing Care (ANF, 1989), than when they used the ROBS format.The findings of this study indicate that both student and registered nurses are guided by the cues on the assessment format. Therefore, the choice and design of nursing assessment forms are critical as they affect diagnostic accuracy.
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Löfdahl, Per-Åke. "On bacterial formats in protein library technology." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Molekylär Bioteknologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10993.
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Millions of years of evolution have resulted in an immense number of different proteins, which participate in virtually every process within cells and thus are of utmost importance for allknown forms of life. In addition, there are several examples of natural proteins which have found use in applications outside their natural environment, such as the use of enzymes infood industry and washing powders or the use of antibodies in diagnostic, bioseparation or therapeutic applications. To improve the performance of proteins in such applications, anumber of techniques, all collectively referred to as ‘protein engineering’, are performed in thelaboratory.Traditionally, methods involving ‘rational design’, where a few alterations are introduced atspecific protein locations to hopefully result in expected improvements have been applied.However, the use of more recent techniques involving a simultaneous construction of a large number of candidate variants (protein libraries) by various diversification principles, fromwhich rare clones showing enhanced properties can be isolated have contributed greatly to thefield of protein engineering.In the present thesis, different protein traits of biotechnological importance have beenaddressed for improvements by the use of such methods, in which there is a crucial need tomaintain a clonal link between the genotype and the phenotype to allow an identification of protein library members isolated by virtue of their functional properties. In all protein library investigations included in this thesis this coupling has been obtained by Escherichia coli bacterialcell-membrane compartmental confinement.In a first study, a combination of error prone PCR and gene-shuffling was applied to the Tobacco Etch Virus (TEV)-protease gene in order to produce collections from which genesencoding variants showing an enhanced soluble expression of the enzyme frequently used inbiotechnology to cleave fusion proteins were identified. Using Green Fluorescence Protein(GFP)-based cell fluorescence analysis, a clone with a five-fold increase in the yield of solubly produced protein was successfully isolated. In a second study, a novel and different GFPbased selection system, in addition also involving targeted in vivo protein degradation principles,was employed for investigations of the substrate sequence space of the same protease. In two additional studies, a selection system denoted Protein Fragment Complementation Assay(PCA), based on the affinity driven structural complementation of a genetically split β-lactamase enzyme was used to identify variants having desired target protein binding abilities,including both specificity and affinity. Using Darwinian principles concerning clonal growth advantages, affibody binding proteins showing sub-nanomolar dissociation constants to thehuman cytokine TNF-α were isolated. Taken together, these studies have shown that the bacterial format is very well suited for use in various aspects of protein library selection.QC 20100729
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Chou, Stephen S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Unfield sparse formats for tensor algebra compilers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115625.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-105).
Tensor algebra is a powerful tool for computing on multidimensional data and has applications in many fields. Practical applications often deal with tensors that are sparse, and there exists a wide variety of formats for storing such tensors, each suited to specific types of applications and data. Examples of sparse tensor storage formats include COO, CSR, CSC, DCSR, BCSR, CSF, CSB, ELL, DIA, and hash maps. In this thesis, we propose a levelized hierarchical abstraction that represents these seemingly disparate formats and countless others, and that hides the details of each format behind a common interface. We show that this tensor representation facilitates automatic generation of efficient compute kernels for tensor algebra expressions with any combination of formats. This is accomplished with a code generation algorithm that generates code level by level, guided by the capabilities and properties of the levels. The performance of tensor algebra kernels generated using our technique is competitive with that of equivalent hand-implemented kernels in existing sparse linear and tensor algebra libraries. Furthermore, our technique can generate many more kernels for many more formats than exist in libraries or are supported by existing compiler techniques.
by Stephen Chou.
S.M.
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Samaan, Mouna M., and Stephen C. Cook. "Configuration of Flight Test Telemetry Frame Formats." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/611587.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, NevadaThe production of flight test plans have received attention from many research workers due to increasing complexity of testing facilities, the complex demands proposed by customers and the large volume of data required from test flights. The paper opens with a review of research work conducted by other authors who have contributed to ameliorating the preparation of flight test plans and processing the resulting data. This is followed by a description of a specific problem area; efficiently configuring the flight test data telemetry format (defined by the relevant standards while meeting user requirements of sampling rate and PCM word length). Following a description of a current semi-automated system, the authors propose an enhanced approach and demonstrate its efficiency through two case studies.
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Mackin, Alex. "High frame rate formats for immersive video." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.730841.
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DeStefano, Michele, and Hendrik Schneider. "Compliance Elliance Journal: Compliance in Digital Formats." Universität Leipzig, 2021. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74477.
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Perez, Valenzuela Carlos Eduardo. "Formats de modulation pour les télécommunications optiques." Télécom Bretagne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELB0008.
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After the Internet bubble burst the optical networking market exhibited mature phase where cost constraints were the main concern. Nowadays, carriers are interested in transmission systems that gather all performance, flexibility in capacity upgrade, management facilities and above all lower capital and operation expenditures at the same time. Modulation formats are a potential solution in finding the best deal between performance-complexity-costs. Until today, most of the transmission systems at 10 Gbit/s use the classic NRZ (Non-Return to Zero) and RZ (Return to Zero) modulation formats. But transmission at 40 Gbit/s and beyond needs a more sophisticated modulation format. In this PhD we assess the problem of designing a new modulation format that simultaneously reconciles resilience against the propagation effects in the fiber and reduces its impact on the current transmission system architectures. To do that, we developed a new designing method and we tested on different standard application setups in order to establish the potential application domains of this technologyAprès une période de croissance explosive puis de déprime, le marché des réseaux optiques de transmission atteint maintenant une phase de maturité dans laquelle les coûts constitue la contrainte la plus sévère. Aujourd'hui, l'exigence des opérateurs porte plus que jamais sur des systèmes de transmission à la fois performantes, flexibles en capacité, faciles à gérer et surtout à des coûts d'investissement et d'opération très bas. Un des axes de progrès les plus étudiés dans la recherche d'un bon compromis performance-complexité-coût réside dans les formats de modulation en transmission. Jusqu'à maintenant, les systèmes de transmission ont majoritairement utilisé les formats classiques NRZ (Non-return to Zero) et RZ (Return to Zero) jusqu'à des débits de 10 Gbit/s. La transmission sur fibre optique à des débits de 40 Gbit/s et plus doit faire appel à des format de modulation plus évolués. Ce travail de thèse a porté sur la conception d'un nouveau format de modulation optique qui concilie une bonne résistance à l'ensemble des effets de propagation dans la fibre et un impact réduit sur l'architecture des systèmes de transmission. Pour ce faire, une méthode de conception a été développée et une étude détaillée pour différentes configurations génériques de transmission a été menée afin d'établir sa pertinence dans différents domaines d'application
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Lopes, Ana Patrícia da Silva. "Advanced modulation formats for optical access networks." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/11680.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e TelecomunicaçõesNos últimos anos, as comunicações ópticas têm-se revelado a solução para a crescente procura de elevados ritmos de informação. De facto, nenhuma outra tecnologia (com ou sem fios) permite transmissões a Tbps, ou até dezenas de Tbps, como as comunicações ópticas permitem. Contudo, as actuais redes ópticas passivas não exibem uma capacidade agregada de fibra superior a 10 Gbps e os operadores esperam mais delas. Assim, uma evolução destas redes a médio prazo, a NG-PON2, tem sido discutida, sendo 40 e 10 Gbps as velocidades de download e upload que se preveem, respectivamente. Não obstante, estes ritmos podem não ser suficientes no futuro, com a emersão dos formatos 3D, dos novos serviços baseados em cloud computing, vídeo conferência, jogos on-line e outras/os aplicações/serviços. Neste contexto, diversos trabalhos de pesquisa têm sido efectuados. Devido á limitação do espectro e á largura de banda restrita dos dispositivos eletrónicos que complementam o sistema de transmissão óptico, elevadas eficiências espectrais são um requisito e consequentemente, a utilização de formatos de modulação avançados. A implementação intrínseca de detecção coerente e processamento digital de sinal proporcionam técnicas de compensação que melhoram o desempenho do sistema de uma forma muito significativa. Uma vez que, o crescente número de bits por símbolo exige uma maior relação sinal-ruído óptica e torna o sistema mais sensível ás não linearidades da fibra e ao ruído de fase do laser, estes algoritmos de compensação tornam-se essenciais. Esta dissertação fornece uma ampla visão dos sistemas ópticos coerentes que inclui, uma extensiva apresentação dos moduladores externos ópticos, um estudo teórico dos formatos de modulação e do formato do impulso, uma descrição de algoritmos de compensação e técnicas de detecção e finalmente, simulações e resultados laboratoriais que permitem concluir qual é o formato de modulação avançado mais indicado para transmissões ópticas a elevados ritmos.
In the last years, optical fibre communications have revealed themselves as the solution for the increasing demand of high data rates. In fact, no other communication technology (wireline or wireless) enables transmissions at Tbps, or even tens of Tbps, as optical communications do. However, the current passive optical networks do not exhibit aggregate fibre capacity beyond 10 Gbps and operators except more from them. Therefore, a middleterm evolution of these PONs, the NG-PON2, has been discussed, being 40 and 10 Gbps the predicted down- and upstream bit rates, respectively. Nevertheless, these rates upgrades may not be enough in the future, as 3D formats, new cloud computing services, videoconferencing, on-line games and alike applications/services become to emerge. In this context, much research is being carried on. Because of the limited spectrum and the restrict bandwidth of the electronic devices that complement the optical transmission system, high spectral efficiency is a requirement and consequently, the use of advanced modulation formats. The intrinsic employment of coherent detection and digital signal processing provides compensation techniques that increase hugely the performance of the system. Once the increasing number of bits per symbol requires higher optical signal-to-noise ratio and makes the system more sensitive to fibre nonlinearities and laser phase noise, these compensation algorithms become essential. This thesis provides an ample overview of coherent optical systems, which includes an extensive presentation of external modulators, a theoretical study of modulation formats and pulse shaping, a description of compensation algorithms and detection techniques and finally, simulations and laboratory results that will provide a conclusion about what is the most suited advanced modulation format for high data rates optical transmissions.
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Huntley, Belinda. "Comparing different assessment formats in undergraduate mathematics." Thesis, Pretoria [S.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01202009-163129.
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Wenz, Romain Lupovici Christian. "L'avenir des catalogues formats, données, outils, usages /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque-numerique/notice-21205.
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Choi, Joonseok. "The commodification of television formats: the role of distribution in the emergence of the commodity form." Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6926.
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This dissertation examines the process of commodifying television formats (e.g., Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, Survivor, Big Brother, and Idol) from television show ideas into global commodities. Instead of assuming that a format has always been a commodity, this dissertation seeks to understand the historical process of the transformation from a concept into a commodity. Specifically, it answers three questions: a) What is the process whereby a format obtains property status and becomes a copyrighted work? b) Who enables the transnational movement of a format, and how does that happen? and c) How do people recognize which formats are more valuable than others? To answer these questions, by articulating the distribution of value as a theoretical framework, this dissertation closely examines institutions of format distributions: legal frameworks for copyright, multinational corporations, and global television markets. Through historical analyses, this dissertation reveals that institutions of distribution gave rise to three aspects of the commodity form of formats: legality, functionality, and materiality. The development of these three aspects shows that a format became a commodity, rather than simply a method of copying television programs, only after 2004. This dissertation contends that the long history of copying television show ideas was punctuated by the emergence of the commodity form of formats, distinguishing the present state of global format trade from the previous one.
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Ravelli, Carlos Alberto. "Análise da interoperabilidade de dados para a implementação de um ambiente de manufatura virtual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-20032017-110753/.
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Apresenta uma análise sobre requisitos de interoperabilidade de dados na cadeia de desenvolvimento do produto e processo em empresas dos setores automotivo e máquinas rodoviárias, relacionados com a implementação da manufatura virtual. As informações foram coletadas de livros, artigos de conferências, revistas, páginas da internet, e discussões com especialistas. Descreve as principais características de formatos neutros de dados e núcleos de modelagem de sistemas. Aborda a viabilidade na padronização dos requisitos de informação e representação de dados, de maneira a selecionar uma relação de formatos neutros para a troca de dados compatíveis para uma variedade de sistemas da manufatura virtual. Relata os principais esforços no desenvolvimento de formatos neutros para a melhoria da interoperabilidade de dados.This paper presents an interoperability requirement analysis of the product and process development chain for automotive and off-road vehicle factories for a virtual manufacturing implementation. All information was collected from articles, technical magazines, internet, books, and discussion with specialists. A description is given of major features of neutral data formats and system modeling kernels. Also provided is an analysis of the feasibility of standardizing the informational needs of virtual manufacturing systems. Finally a representation of input data is presented in order to select neutral data formats suitable for a variety of virtual Manufacturing systems. The paper concludes by reporting the major worldwide efforts on developing neutral data standards to improve interoperability.
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Abboud, Fayez. "Utilizing Image-based Formats to Optimize Pattern Data Format and Processing In Mask and Maskless Pattern Generation Lithography." NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/73.
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According to Moore's law, the IC (Integrated Circuit) minimum feature size is to shrink node over node, resulting in denser compaction of the design. Such compaction results in more polygons per design. The extension of optical lithography to print features at a fraction of the wavelength is only possible with the use of optical tricks, like RET (Resolution Enhancement Techniques) and ILT (Inverse Lithography Technology), to account for systematic corrections needed between the mask and the wafer exposure. Such optical tricks add extensive decorations and edge jogs to the primary features, creating even larger increases in the number of polygons per design. As the pattern file size increases, processing time and complexity becomes directly proportional to the number of polygons; such increase is now becoming one of the key obstacles in the data processing flow. Polygon-based or vector-based pattern file format has been extended for the past forty years, and now its applicability to modern designs and trends is in question.
Current polygon based data flow for IC pattern processing is cumbersome, inefficient, and prone to rounding and truncation errors. The original design starts with pixelated images with maximum edge definition accuracy. The curvilinear shapes are then fitted into polygons to comply with industry standard formats, thus losing edge definition accuracy. The polygons are then converted to raster images to approximate the original intended data.
This dissertation builds on the modern advancements in digital image and video processing to allow for a new image-based format, Sequential-Pixel-Frame, specifically for integrated circuit pattern representation. Unlike standard lossy compressed video, the new format contains all the information and accuracy intended for mask making and direct write. The new format is defined to replace the old historical polygon-based formats. In addition, the dissertation proposes a more efficient data flow from tape-out to mask making. The key advantages of the new format are a smaller file size and a reduced processing time for the more complex patterns intended for advanced technology nodes. However, the new format did not offer such advantages for the older technology nodes. This is in line with the goals and expectations of the research.
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Dan, Sujan Mathew. "An empirical examination of the role of characteristics of the format, standard setting alliance and alliance partners in the market acceptance of formats." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3017.
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Buyuksahin, Oncel F. Feza. "Modulation Formats For Wavelength Division Multiplexing (wdm) Systems." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611039/index.pdf.
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Optical communication networks are becoming the backbone of both national and international telecommunication networks. With the progress of optical communication systems, and the constraints brought by WDM transmissions and increased bit rates, new ways to convert the binary data signal on the optical carrier have been proposed.
There are different factors that should be considered for the right choice of modulation format, such as information spectral density (ISD), power margin, and tolerance against group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and against fiber nonlinear effects like self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), four-wave mixing (FWM), and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS).
In this dissertation, the several very important modulation formats such as Non Return to Zero (NRZ), Return to Zero (RZ), Chirped Return to Zero (CRZ), Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero (CSRZ), Differential Phase Shift Keying (PSK) and Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero- Differential Phase Shift Keying (CSRZ-DPSK) will be detailed and compared.
In order to make performance analysis of such modulation formats, the simulation will be done by using VPItransmissionMakerTM WDM software.
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O'Neill, Alan Patrick. "High efficiency capillary electrophoresis on planar chip formats." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398028.
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Rudloff, Daniela. "Exploring perceptions of presentation formats : antecedents and consequences." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10200.
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The literature review establishes that perceptions of information presented in different formats differ significantly. In addition, the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) presents a plausible framework for the impact of presentation formats on attitudes as a potential consequence. The first study presents participants with different presentation formats (text graphical, text numerical, text only) and compares perceived and actual processing as a prerequisite for attitude change. Results show a link between processing and attitude certainty but no link between format and processing can be established. Study 2 expands on the measurement of attitude and measures perceived and actual attitude change. The manipulation of involvement is unsuccessful, and participants’ perceptions of the three different types of format show no significant difference. Study 3 employs estimated and actual recall as more objective measures and observes a significant difference in participants’ estimates of other people’s recall depending on the format they had been presented with but a lack of difference in actual recall. Study 4 examines potential antecedents of the perception of formats and explores the issue of self/other perception in the context of 16 different scenarios. The study finds significant self/other differences in the perception of effectiveness of statistics; however, a factor analysis of participants’ responses fails to provide an explanation for the split of scenarios with and without a difference; Need for Cognition cannot be established as a potential antecedent. Study 5 successfully demonstrates a difference in perception of the three formats employed, but offers no support for subject background as a possible antecedent. Drawing on this, Study 6 examines whether this difference in perception leads to an observable difference in task performance but is unsuccessful in eliciting an effect. The discussion examines implications of the findings and discusses possible limitations of the methodology.
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Sanders, William D. "Development and comparison of TACAMO icon design formats." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23864.
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Menon, Mahesh. "Analysis of modulation formats for optical wireless systems." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434760.
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Jones, Liam. "Synthesis and regeneration of advanced optical modulation formats." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/419063/.
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This thesis explores all-optical regeneration techniques for advanced modulation formats with the overall aim of increasing the transmission reach of optical data links. In order to carry out this work, a number of tools were developed for the generation of advanced optical modulation formats. They included a combination of techniques involving the use of a delay line interferometer (DLI), time gating and coherent temporal superposition. A BPSK seed signal was used to generate QPSK (with a single DLI) and 16-QAM (with two concatenated DLIs) signals. The all-optical regeneration schemes studied in this thesis take several forms: phase preserving amplitude regeneration; phase only regeneration; and phase and amplitude regeneration, many of them including PSA configurations as building blocks. Firstly, phase preserving amplitude regenerators were numerically and/or experimentally investigated. A multilevel amplitude regenerator in a PSA configuration, which was based on parametric pump-saturation, was analysed. A highly nonlinear fibre based dual-pump degenerate scheme was used to effect amplitude regeneration on a 4-level amplitude shift keying signal. Another amplitude regeneration scheme, this time based on optical injection locking, was also experimentally analysed, transmitting a BPSK signal over a 600-km long dark bre link. Secondly, a wavelength converting PSA-based phase regenerator for an M-PSK signal was developed by coherently summing the conjugated signal with the (M - 1)th phase harmonic, where M is the number of modulated symbols in the signal. This regenerator offers flexibility of operating power and harmonic mixing coefficient. Both numerical and experimental studies prove the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Another proposed regenerator, operating at the gain minima in a PSA configuration and working by coherently summing the signal to the π phase shifted (M+1)th harmonic, offers squeezing in both the amplitude and phase of the input signal. The latter work of this thesis introduces a phase regenerator which is designed to target higher-order M-PSK signals using a (simpler) M/2-PSK PSA-based regenerator.
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Marker, Walter. "Telemetry Formats for the Space Station RF Links." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/615261.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1987 / Town and Country Hotel, San Diego, CaliforniaThis paper discusses the formats that have been proposed for the manned Space Station space/ground RF link. In addition to discussing the specific RF formats, the paper seeks to discuss the requirements that have caused the proposed format to exist in its current form. The paper begins by briefly discussing the historical basis for telemetry formats within NASA, and then discusses the unique requirements that the Space Station imposes, compared to traditional space probes. The paper next treats the overall requirements that must be satisfied by the Space Station communications system. Finally the paper discusses the details of the RF format and its proposed operational usage.
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Гнаповська, Людмила Вадимівна, Людмила Вадимовна Гнаповская, and Liudmyla Vadymivna Hnapovska. "Learner-centred Language Teaching: Teacher-Learner interaction Formats." Thesis, ХНУ ім. В.Н. Каразіна, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/60131.
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The abstract dwells on the key issues related to the necessity of changing teacher-student partnership formats in the context of learner-centred approach to teaching foreign languages. The interpretation of "learner-centredness" as a concept is put into the humanistic perspective, the perspective of practical necessity, and the curriculum design perspective.Тези розглядають основні питання взаємодії викладача та студента у контексті студентоцентричного підходу до викладання іноземних мов. "Студентоцентризм" як концепт інтерпретується з точки зору гуманістичної перспективи, практичної необхідності зміни форматів співробітництва викладача та студента та перспектив розробки навчальних робочих програм з іноземних мов.
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Снытникова, О. "Eurointegration: needs for new formats in students' research." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21781.
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Sutar, Tina. "New formats for affinity selection of human cells." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17735.
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Despite recent advances in stem cell biology, immunotherapy and transplantation, substantial barriers still exist in the large-scale specific separation of a discrete population of human therapeutic cells from a cell suspension. The ideal purification technique should combine high cell purity, yield and function, with fast processing and affordability. Currently, fluorescence-activated cell sorting with flow cytometry (FACS) and magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS®) are the most used methods for cell separation and purification and have been employed extensively in molecular biology, diagnostic and cell sorting applications, because they are considered to be gentle, fast and scalable. However, these methods have several key disadvantages; they are invariably expensive, yield low log cell reduction (LCR) rates, and suffer from drawbacks when applied to niche cell populations, such as those requiring multiple tandem separation steps and/or involving combined positive and negative cell selection steps. To address this challenge, a new cell affinity selection system was developed. The selectivity is based on the reversible monomeric avidin biotin interaction and it is primary designed for positive selection. The initial studies were performed on flat, nonporous, glass coverslips and the technology was then successfully transferred on high grade smooth non-porous glass beads (with a diameter of 79.12 to 118.59 μm). The multi-step layer-by-layer deposition procedure culminating in dextran-coated supports bearing monomeric avidin was rigorously characterized and subsequently employed in packed bed chromatography experiments with human erythrocytes isolated from cord blood and B lymphocytes from cell lines. The developed affinity selection platform was highly selective, efficient and, most importantly, resulted in high yields, cell purity and viability comparable with MACS® technology. Additionally scale up is possible and could be easily transferred to another chromatographic matrix with the appropriate structure.
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O'Connell, Beverly O. "A comparative study evaluating the effectiveness of nursing assessment formats." Curtin University of Technology, School of Nursing, 1992. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11083.
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Nursing assessment is the foundation of the nursing process. The focus and type of data collected, during such assessment is central to the effectiveness of the diagnostic process and subsequent planned nursing interventions. Whilst there is a multiplicity of factors that impact upon the diagnostic process, eminent nurse theorists espouse a relationship between assessment formats and diagnostic accuracy. This study evaluates the effectiveness of two types of assessment formats by addressing the following questions. When student and registered nurses use a Gordons Functional Health Pattern (GFHP) assessment format compared to using a Review of Biological Systems (ROBS) assessment format is there a difference in: (1) the number and type of diagnoses identified? and (2) the number of criteria achieved within the Standards for Nursing Care (ANF, 1989)?A developed case study with verified diagnoses was used. Professional actors played the part of the client and followed a standard script. Volunteer student and registered nurses (N=100) were randomly assigned to the two types of assessment formats. They were required to conduct an assessment of the client and state the nursing diagnoses. Data were analysed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance.Results indicated that when both groups of nurses used the GFHP format they stated significantly more correct and more diverse categories of diagnoses and significantly fewer diagnoses which were classified as being incorrect and medical, than when they used the ROBS format. In addition, when student and registered nurses used the GFHP format, they elicited significantly more information that complied with the criteria outlined within the Standards for Nursing Care (ANF, 1989), than when they used the ROBS format.The findings of this study indicate that both student and registered nurses are guided by the cues on the assessment ++format. Therefore, the choice and design of nursing assessment forms are critical as they affect diagnostic accuracy.
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Melin, Jonas. "Single-Molecule Detection and Optical Scanning in Miniaturized Formats." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7268.
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Haglund, Vira. "Character Development and its Utilization for Convergent Media Formats." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för speldesign, teknik och lärande, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1848.
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The thesis caters to the demands of the creative industries for products and contents which can be utilized for convergent media usage and cross-marketing strategies. In this regard character design serves as an important element of entertainment franchises since it is a means to produce media content with high recognition value. However, numerous character adaptations in different media formats illustrate that characters who are successful in one medium are not necessarily as successful in another media format. The thesis takes a closer look at characters in the context of media convergence and discusses the main principles of character creation and development. By favoring a heuristic approach which analyzes the aesthetic phenomena of arts and entertainment by the means of theoretical research which is supported by practical examples, the thesis concludes that character development is based on three dimensions which have to be combined in order to create characters which can be utilized for different media formats. In this context the work discusses character creation in writing, visuals and interactive media by focusing on ways which secure the successful transfer of characters into different media formats without a loss of character depth and quality.
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Xu, Xian. "Enabling technologies for direct detection optical phase modulation formats." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86993.
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Phase modulation formats are believed to be one of the key enabling techniques for next generation high speed long haul fiber-optic communication systems due to the following main advantages: (1) with a balanced detection, a better receiver sensitivity over conventional intensity modulation formats, e.g., a ~3 dB sensitivity improvement using differential phase shift keying (DPSK) and a ~1.3 dB sensitivity improvement using differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK); (2) excellent robustness against fiber nonlinearities; (3) high spectrum efficiency when using multilevel phase modulation formats, such as DQPSK. As the information is encoded in the phase of the optical field, the phase modulation formats are sensitive to the phase-related impairments and the deterioration induced in the phase-intensity conversion. This consequently creates new challenging issues. The research objective of this thesis is to depict some of the challenging issues and provide possible solutions.The first challenge is the cross-phase modulation (XPM) penalty for the phase modulated channels co-propagating with the intensity modulated channels. The penalty comes from the pattern dependent intensity fluctuations of the neighboring intensity modulated channels being converted into phase noise in the phase modulation channels. We propose a model to theoretically analyze the XPM penalty dependence on the walk off effect. From this model, we suggest that using fibers with large local dispersion or intentionally introducing some residual dispersion per span would help mitigate the XPM penalty.
The second challenge is the polarization dependent frequency shift (PDf) induced penalty during the phase-intensity conversion. The direct detection DPSK is usually demodulated in a Mach-Zehnder delay interferometer (DI). The polarization dependence of DI introduces a PDf causing a frequency offset between the laser's frequency and the transmissivity peak of DI, degrading the demodulated DPSK signal. We found that PDf ratio, defined as PDf/FSR, plays a predominant role in determining the performance of the demodulator. We further investigate on the PDf induced penalty for a 40 GHz DPSK demodulator on a 40-Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ)-DPSK signal to study PDf incurred optical filtering effect and spectrum distortion. Degradation for the RZ signal has been found in the presence the PDf.
The third challenge is fiber dispersion induced inter-symbol interference for the phase modulated signals. Traditionally the dispersion is compensated using dispersion compensation fibers (DCF). Recently emerged electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) not only avoids the attenuation that would be introduced by DCF, but also is capable of simultaneously compensating the chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). We investigate on EDC's CD and PMD compensation capabilities for the direct detection return-to-zero (NRZ) DPSK signal. The simulation results show that around 300 ps/nm CD and 10 ps differential group delay (DGD) can be compensated by employing EDC. However, compared with the on-off keying (OOK) signal, the EDC is actually less effective with the DPSK signal. The investigation is extended to the RZ-DPSK signal and found out the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) exhibits better performance with the RZ-DPSK signal.
La modulation de phase est considérée comme l'une des technologies clés pour la prochaine génération des systèmes de communication optiques à haut débit et longue portée, en raison des avantages suivants: (1) A l'aide d'une modulation en phase suivi d'un détecteur balancé, nous obtenus une meilleure sensibilité du récepteur comparé aux formation de modulation en intensité conventionnels, par exemple, une amélioration de la sensibilité de ~3 dB en utilisant une modulation en modulation déplacement phase différentielle (DPSK) et une amélioration de la sensibilité de ~1.3 dB en utilisant une modulation en modulation déplacement phase en quadrature (DQPSK); (2) une tolérance accrue aux effets non-linéaires de la fibre; (3) une efficacité spectrale élevée, si l'on considère les formats de modulation de phase à plusieurs niveaux, comme par exemple la modulation en DQPSK. Puisque l'information est encodée par des changements de phase, ces formats de modulation sont sensibles aux dégradations liées à la phase du signal et aux détériorations provoquées par le processus de conversion phase-intensité. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'identifier les principaux défis associés à leur mise en oeuvre, et de proposer des moyens de mitigation.
Le premier défi concerne la pénalité de transmission engendrée par la modulation de phase croisée (XPM), affectant les canaux modulés en phase qui sont adjacents aux canaux à modulation d'intensité. Dans ce cas, la dégradation de performance est provoquée par le fait que les fluctuations d'intensité des canaux voisins modulés en intensité, sont converties en bruit de phase pour les canaux utilisant la modulation de phase. Nous proposons un modèle théorique pour analyser l'effet du phénomène de walk-off et son influence sur les pénalités provoquées par la XPM. À partir de ce modèle, nous suggérons que l'utilisation de fibres optiques avec une dispersion locale importante ou l'ajout d'une certaine quantité de dispersion résiduelle à chaque section permettrait d'atténuer la pénalité XPM. fr
Le deuxième défi est associé au décalage de fréquence dépendant de la polarisation (PDf), qui survient lors de la conversion phase-intensité. La modulation en DPSK repose sur l'utilisation au récepteur d'un interféromètre à délai (DI) Mach-Zehnder dont la sensibilité à la polarisation provoque du PDf, ce qui en retour cause un décalage entre la fréquence d'émission du laser et la sensibilité maximale du DI, dégradant ainsi la qualité du signal DPSK démodulé. Nous avons trouvé que le ratio PDf, définit comme étant PDf/FSR, joue un rôle primordial dans la détermination des performances du démodulateur. Nous étudions également l'influence de l'effet de filtrage optique induit par le PDf pour un démodulateur 40-GHz DPSK sur un signal 40-Gb/s RZ-DPSK. Une dégradation de performance est observée lorsque l'effet de filtrage induit par le PDf est présent. fr
Le troisième défi pour les formats de modulation de phase est l'interférence entre symboles provoquées par la dispersion de la fibre. Traditionnellement, la dispersion est compensée en utilisant des modules de compensation de dispersion (DCF). Des techniques plus récentes font appel à des systèmes de compensation de dispersion électroniques (EDC). Ceux-ci, en plus d'éviter l'atténuation induite par les DCF, peuvent simultanément compenser la dispersion chromatique (CD) et la dispersion de polarisation (PMD). Nous étudions les performances de systèmes EDC appliqués à la compensation de la CD et de la PMD, pour un signal NRZ-DPSK en détection directe. Les résultats de simulations indiquent qu'environ 300-ps/nm de CD et 10-ps de DGD peuvent être compensées par l'utilisation de systèmes EDC. Par contre, l'efficacité des EDC est moindre pour les systèmes de modulation par phase que pour les systèmes OOK. Un signal RZ-DPSK est également considéré et l'étude présentée met en relief que l'égaliseur de décision rétroactif (DFE) est plus performant avec ce type de modulation. fr
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Alwadeai, Mohammed. "Adaptable optical receiver to recognise different transmitted signal formats." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487361.
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Optical wireless networks have a short-range due to background noise, typically caused by a combination of fluorescent, incandescent, and sun light. Different networks can have different modulation types and different frequencies, which require an intelligent receiver that has the ability to recognise and identify any incoming signal. For the purpose of this thesis, the receiver 'consists of two parts; the optical part and the decision system: The main function of the optical part is to receive. an optical signal and suitably convert it to an electrical signal. Most important is how to improve the low optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) due to the background noise and safety limitations on the optical power. Therefore, the main components of the optical receiver have been discussed and the optimal choices have been suggested. The automatic decision/system has the automatic ability to recognise and identify an incoming signal even if the OSNR is very low. It consists of three identifiers; to differentiate between analogue signals and digital signals, to classify the analogue signals and to recognise common digitally-modulated signals. The analogue identifier may be classified as the statistical approach, and is based on the Hilbert transform and wavelet transform (WT) to extract its key features. Conversely, the digital identifier covers the statistical and decision approaches, and is based on the WT to extract Its key features. .Key features for pattern recognition purposes used were based on their simplicity, speed and their ability to recognise a signal in low SNRs. Therefore, some previously-used features that work in a very low SNR were employed, some features having been extended to include other types of signals, and many new key features were developed and implemented. Despite the fact that the ~ecision system does not require any prior knowledge, the scheme has also been investigated for usefulness in the carrier frequency, SNR and symbol rate estimation which serves to simplify the classification task and help in the demodulation processes.
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Ohm, Michael [Verfasser]. "Multilevel Optical Modulation Formats with Direct Detection / Michael Ohm." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1170538096/34.
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Esposito, Angela. "International food television show formats in the digital era." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30925/.
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A recent pattern has emerged amongst some of the top television production companies in the world – a global investment in a new style of television show format. Food television show formats such as Channel 4’s The Great British Bake Off in the UK and Fox’s Hell’s Kitchen in the US have consistently topped television ratings and attracted millions of viewers in every episode aired in their home counties and abroad. A range of publications argue that there has been a global demand for factual television formats, yet existing literature has focused primarily on dramas, talent shows and game show television format genres. From a production perspective, this thesis aims to respond to these industry changes and the gap in the literature by examining the media branding techniques employed by media managers that have contributed to the development of international food television show formats. It analyzes the distinct challenges and opportunities food television format producers of shows such as Endemol Shine Group’s MasterChef undergo when adapting food formats in international markets. Furthermore, it investigates production decisions around multi-platform strategies. This includes the adaptation of food television show formats onto multi-platform distribution channels such as catch up television like Netflix, Amazon Prime, format brand websites and social media channels like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram in order to acquire additional revenue streams. This thesis examines the managerial decisions that have helped aid the cooking show into becoming a successful, global television format. The research findings are based on a mixed-method qualitative approach featuring 15 qualitative interviews with industry experts from major production companies such as Endemol Shine Group and FremantleMedia and celebrity television chefs, such as BBC One’s MasterChef’s Gregg Wallace and former Food Network star, Paula Deen. The outcomes of this research provide an empirical analysis of the complex relationship between new media technologies, food television and the internationalization of global television formats. Furthermore, this thesis provides a snapshot of a specific and current media trend that exists within a wide scope of media industry practices and aims to provide valuable insights and build on existing media management, multi-platform, and media production theory.
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Meeyai, Sutthipong. "Retail agglomeration formats and outshopping in Thai grocery market." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30981/.
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Thailand has been one of the emerging markets in Asia in recent decades. The pattern of consumers has dramatically changed due to the arrival of various modern retail trade formats. Thai consumers have been shifting from traditional retail formats to modern retail formats and frequently do ‘outshopping’, particularly from rural areas to town centres. This has led to the decline of rural retailers. To improve this situation, the concept of developing retailers in market towns has been adopted. However, it is unclear what form (i.e. store format) this takes and on which factors (store image attributes and customer characteristics) the role depends. This thesis examines the effect of store image attributes and customer characteristics on retail agglomeration format choice for a regular grocery outshopping trip. The conceptual framework is constructed following the stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) model. The concept of store image is applied as the stimulus, and the customer characteristics are proxy variables representing the organism, which lead to the choice decision as the response. The discrete choice model is applied using the mixed logit modelling approach. The choice set includes (1) a traditional agglomeration retail format (TAF), (2) a modern agglomeration retail format (MAF) and (3) a non-agglomeration retail format (NAF). The unit of analysis is a household in a regional city that does grocery shopping regularly. The stratified random sampling divided the population into an urban area and a rural area. Then, a random sample was drawn within each stratum by a simple random sampling − a store format. A systematic random sampling was applied by intercepting each household representative in order to maintain randomness. The chosen area is Nakhon Ratchasima province which is one of the regional cities in north-eastern Thailand. It consists of 2,600,000 people (around 830,000 households) and about 75% of the total population live in a rural area. The total sample consists of 1,521 households. The choice experiment is adopted by a computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) survey. The parameters are estimated using the simulated maximum likelihood approach. The models are built, and then marginal effects are used to examine the effects of store image attributes and customer characteristics to the retail agglomeration format choice. Reliability and validity are tested. The results from the chosen model reveal that increases in seven store image attributes: product quality, customer service, price, travel time, atmosphere, accessibility, and range of products, affect the probability to shop at TAF and MAF with the same degree, while in store attributes have less effect on the probability to shop at NAF. The product quality, customer service level, and price are the most important attributes affecting the retail agglomeration format choice, following by atmosphere, accessibility, and range of products, respectively. The results indicate that consumers in rural areas are likely to shop at TAF and NAF than consumers in urban areas. Older rather than younger customers tend to shop at NAF. Finally, the higher income households have more opportunity to shop at MAF than the lower income households. This study employs the theory of cumulative attraction as theoretical lens of the study. However, this study contributes to the theory by examining further dimensions. The first contribution is to the theory of cumulative attraction by considering a location dimension. It investigates the role of retail agglomeration formats in market towns. The second dimension contributes to retail management by focusing on retail management style as traditional and modern retail formats. Another contribution of this study is the taxonomy of retail agglomeration formats. It indicates how retailers are planned and constructed, to what extent they are managed and marketed, and what their management styles are. This classification system can categorise existing retail formats, e.g. weekend markets, periodic markets, night markets, tourist attraction retail sites, and exhibition retail outlets which cannot be classified by the previous studies. The application of this taxonomy is applied as retail agglomeration formats in this study.
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Tew, Parker Allen. "An investigation of sparse tensor formats for tensor libraries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113496.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 52-53).
Tensors provide a generalized structure to store arbitrary indexable data, which is applicable in fields such as chemometrics, physics simulations, signal processing and lies at the heart of machine learning. Many naturally occurring tensors are considered sparse as they contain mostly zero values. As with sparse matrices, various techniques can be employed to more efficiently store and compute on these sparse tensors. This work explores several sparse tensor formats while ultimately evaluating two implementations; one based on explicitly storing coordinates and one that compresses these coordinates. The two formats, Coordinate and CSF2, were evaluated by comparing their execution time of tensor-matrix products and the MTTKRP operation on several datasets. We find that the Coordinate format is superior for uniformly distributed sparse tensors or when used in computation that emits a sparse tensor via a mode dependent operation. In all other considered cases for large sparse tensors, the storage savings of the compressed format provide the best results.
by Parker Allen Tew.
M. Eng.
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Makovejs, S. "High-speed optical fibre transmission using advanced modulation formats." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1324549/.
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The rapid growth in interactive bandwidth-hungry services demands ever higher capacity at various stages of the optical network, leading to a potential capacity exhaust, termed the capacity crunch. The main aim of the research work described in this thesis was to help solve the potential capacity crunch by exploring techniques to increase the data rate, spectral efficiency and reach of optical fibre systems. The focus was on the use of advanced signal modulation formats, including optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), and 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM16). QPSK and QAM16 modulations formats were studied in combination with coherent detection and digital signal processing (DSP) for the compensation of transmission impairments. In addition, return-to-zero (RZ) pulses were explored to increase the tolerance towards nonlinearity for coherently detected signals, and nonlinearity compensation (NLC) through the DSP. Initially, to maximise the bit-rate, research was focused on the study of OTDM transmission at 80Gbit/s with the aim to optimise the phase difference between the adjacent OTDM channels. A new technique to achieve bit-wise phase control using a phase-stabilised fibre interferometer was proposed. Faced with a limited fibre capacity, the need to maximise the spectral efficiency became paramount, and thus the need to use phase, amplitude and polarisation domains for signal transmission. In combination with coherent detection the research focused on the performance of optical fibre systems using QPSK and QAM16 modulation formats, including their generation, transmission and detection in single-channel and WDM regimes. This included the study of the impact of pulse shapes, and the mitigation of linear and nonlinear transmission impairments with receiver-based DSP at bit-rates ranging from 42.7 to 224Gbit/s. The technique demonstrated for bit-wise phase control for OTDM was successfully used to demonstrate a new method for QAM16 signal generation. Longest transmission distances (up to 10160km in 112Gbit/s QPSK, 4240km in 112Gbit/s QAM16, and 2000km in 224Gbit/s QAM16) have been achieved with the use of NLC and RZ pulses. The efficiency of these two techniques is explored through a comprehensive set of experiments in both single-channel and WDM transmission experiments. The results can be used in the design of future optical transmission systems.
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Riznychenko, A. V. "The use of various test formats in language teaching." Thesis, Бял ГРАД-БГ ООД, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/52965.
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Bhamber, Ranjeet S. "Numerical modelling of advanced modulation formats and WDM transmission." Thesis, Aston University, 2006. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/8104/.
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This thesis presents a theoretical investigation of the application of advanced modelling formats in high-speed fibre lightwave systems. The first part of this work focuses on numerical optimisation of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system design. We employ advanced spectral domain filtering techniques and carrier pulse reshaping. We then apply these optimisation methods to investigate spectral and temporal domain characteristics of advanced modulation formats in fibre optic telecommunication systems. Next we investigate numerical methods used in detecting and measuring the system performance of advanced modulation formats. We then numerically study the combination of return-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (RZ-DPSK) with advanced photonic devices. Finally we analyse the dispersion management of Nx40 Gbit/s RZ-DPSK transmission applied to a commercial terrestrial lightwave system.
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Haris, Muhammad. "Advanced modulation formats for high-bit-rate optical networks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24811.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Committee Chair: Chang, Gee-Kung; Committee Co-Chair: Yu, Jianjun; Committee Member: Altunbasak, Yucel; Committee Member: Ji, Chunayi; Committee Member: Ralph, Stephen; Committee Member: Xu, Jun.
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Cox, Shirley A. "Online social network member attitude toward online advertising formats /." Online version of thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11588.
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