Relevant bibliographies by topics / Formic acid synthesis

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Formic acid synthesis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Formic acid synthesis.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Formic acid synthesis"

1

Liu, Ying, Yingxi Geng, Renyong Zhao, Huabao Zheng, and Wenqiao Yuan. "Effects of Formic and Levulinic Acids on Butyric Acid Synthesis by Clostridium tyrobutyricum in Xylose Media." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13669.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract. Weak acids released during hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass are potential inhibitors of microorganism fermentation. In this study, the effects of formic and levulinic acids on butyric acid synthesis by were investigated. With the addition of 1.2 to 4.8 g L-1 of formic acid, increased lag time, decreased cell density, and lower butyric acid productivity were observed. Up to 15% and 56% reduction in peak cell density and butyric acid productivity, respectively, were caused by formic acid addition, whereas there was no significant difference in butyric acid yield between the control and formic acid treated groups (except for the 2.4 g formic acid L-1 treatment). Levulinic acid did not show any notable effects on within the investigated concentration range (0 to 4.8 g L-1). Overall, showed strong tolerance of both formic and levulinic acids, but neither of these acids could be metabolized by the microbe.HighlightsFormic acid had dosage-dependent inhibitory effects on C. tyrobutyricum.Levulinic acid had no effects on cell growth or butyrate synthesis.Neither formic acid nor levulinic acid was metabolized by C. tyrobutyricum.C. tyrobutyricum showed strong tolerance to formic acid and levulinic acid. Keywords: Butyric acid, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Formic acid, Levulinic acid, Lignocellulosic hydrolysate, Xylose.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Höckendorf, Robert F., Chi-Kit Siu, Christian van der Linde, O. Petru Balaj, and Martin K. Beyer. "Selective Formic Acid Synthesis from Nanoscale Electrochemistry." Angewandte Chemie 122, no. 44 (September 21, 2010): 8433–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201004134.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Höckendorf, Robert F., Chi-Kit Siu, Christian van der Linde, O. Petru Balaj, and Martin K. Beyer. "Selective Formic Acid Synthesis from Nanoscale Electrochemistry." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 49, no. 44 (September 21, 2010): 8257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201004134.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Wang, Ligeng, Jun Hu, Hualong Zhang, Qin Yu, and Chun Feng. "Green Synthesis of Haloformates from Olefins Using Formic Acid as Reactant, Protonic Acid, and Solvent." Synlett 29, no. 12 (June 7, 2018): 1611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1610028.

Full text
Abstract:
Bromoformates and iodoformates are successfully synthesized in high yields with regioselectivity and stereoselectivity by using ZnAl-BrO3 – layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and KX (X = Br, I) in the presence of formic acid (HCOOH). The protocol exploits the versatile function of formic acid as solvent, nucleophilic reagent, and acidic medium simultaneously, simplifying the reaction and separation of the products.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jiang, Kun, Han-Xuan Zhang, Shouzhong Zou, and Wen-Bin Cai. "Electrocatalysis of formic acid on palladium and platinum surfaces: from fundamental mechanisms to fuel cell applications." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 38 (2014): 20360–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp03151b.

Full text
Abstract:
A brief overview is presented on recent progress in mechanistic studies of formic acid oxidation, synthesis of novel Pd- and Pt-based nanocatalysts and their practical applications in direct formic acid fuel cells.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Lin, Hongyan, Ziling Zhou, Xiaopeng Ma, Qingqing Chen, Hongwei Han, Xiaoming Wang, Jinliang Qi, and Yonghua Yang. "One pot synthesis of aryl nitriles from aromatic aldehydes in a water environment." RSC Advances 11, no. 39 (2021): 24232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03559b.

Full text
Abstract:
In a formic acid–H2O solution (60% : 40%), most aromatic aldehydes react efficiently with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium acetate to form nitriles, where formic acid acts as both catalyst and solvent.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Perich, JW, PF Alewood, and RB Johns. "Synthesis of Casein-Related Peptides and Phosphopeptides. IX. A Modified Method for the Synthesis of Ser(P) Peptides by Using Ppoc-Ser(PO3bzl2)-OH." Australian Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 3 (1991): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9910377.

Full text
Abstract:
Benzyl phosphate groups were found to be sensitive to acid conditions, and a stability study with dibenzyl isobutyl phosphate under various acid conditions is described. While extensive acidolytic debenzylation of the dibenzyl phosphorotriester occurred on treatment with either 4 M hydrogen chloride/ dioxan or 50% trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane, only minor benzyl loss occurred with the use of formic acid or 1 M hydrogen chloride/acetic acid. Minimization of benzyl phosphate loss during the synthesis of a Ser(PO3Bzl2)-containing tripeptide was effected by the use of 98% formic acid (or 1 M hydrogen chloride/acetic acid) for the cleavage of the Boc group from Boc -Ser(PO3Bzl2)- Leu-OBzl . In an alternative procedure, the protected 2-phenylisopropyloxycarbonyl derivative, Ppoc -Ser(PO3Bzl2)-OH was prepared by an efficient four-step procedure and was used in a solution-phase peptide synthesis for the high yielding preparation of Boc-Glu ( OBzl )-Ser(PO3Bzl2)- Leu-OBzl . The protected Ser(PO3Bzl2) tripeptide was deprotected by palladium- catalysed hydrogenolysis in formic acid and gave Glu -Ser(P)-Leu in near-quantitative yield.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Takale, Nilesh, Neelakandan Kaliyaperumal, Gopalakrishnan Mannathusamy, and Rajarajan Govindasamy. "A Headspace Gas Chromatographic Method for Determination of Formic Acid Content in Isosulfan Blue and Various Drug Substances." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 37, no. 02 (April 28, 2021): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370209.

Full text
Abstract:
The Pharmaceutical industry uses formic acid in the manufacturing of various drug substances or API. At the time of manufacturing of API formic acid is use as an oxidizing agent. Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. It also called methanoic acid.Formic acid present in API at high concentrations is very hazardous but in low concentrations is very beneficial. The developed and validated method was short, precise, cost effective and reproducible with FID detector and easy to use. The method is a selective and superficial analytical method for determination of formic acid in different drug substances. We report here the development and validation study of headspace gas chromatographic method to determine formic acid in different drug substances we are reported here. As per this method, the drug sample was dissolved in 0.1% (v/v) of concentrated sulfuric acid in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in a GC headspace vial and 0.1% (v/v) of concentrated sulfuric acid in isopropyl alcohol used as a diluent. A AB-Inowax capillary column (30 m x 0.32 mm I.D. and 0.5 µm film thickness) was used under gradient conditions with FID. The formic acid peak was well separated from all other solvents that are used in synthesis of particular drug substance. The LOD and LOQof the method for formic acid are 82 ppm and 249 ppm respectively. Formic acid are low toxic class-III solvent as per ICH guideline.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Takale, Nilesh, Neelakandan Kaliyaperumal, Gopalakrishnan Mannathusamy, and Rajarajan Govindasamy. "A Headspace Gas Chromatographic Method for Determination of Formic acid Content in Isosulfan Blue and in Various Drugs." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005//ojc/370209.

Full text
Abstract:
The Pharmaceutical industry uses formic acid in the manufacturing of various drug substances or API. At the time of manufacturing of API formic acid is use as an oxidizing agent. Formic acid is the simplest carboxylic acid. It also called methanoic acid.Formic acid present in API at high concentrations is very hazardous but in low concentrations is very beneficial. The developed and validated method was short, precise, cost effective and reproducible with FID detector and easy to use. The method is a selective and superficial analytical method for determination of formic acid in different drug substances. We report here the development and validation study of headspace gas chromatographic method to determine formic acid in different drug substances we are reported here. As per this method, the drug sample was dissolved in 0.1% (v/v) of concentrated sulfuric acid in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in a GC headspace vial and 0.1% (v/v) of concentrated sulfuric acid in isopropyl alcohol used as a diluent. A AB-Inowax capillary column (30 m x 0.32 mm I.D. and 0.5 µm film thickness) was used under gradient conditions with FID. The formic acid peak was well separated from all other solvents that are used in synthesis of particular drug substance. The LOD and LOQof the method for formic acid are 82 ppm and 249 ppm respectively. Formic acid are low toxic class-III solvent as per ICH guideline.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ahmed, Ajaz, Nazar Hussain, Monika Bhardwaj, Anuj Kumar Chhalodia, Amit Kumar, and Debaraj Mukherjee. "Palladium catalysed carbonylation of 2-iodoglycals for the synthesis of C-2 carboxylic acids and aldehydes taking formic acid as a carbonyl source." RSC Advances 9, no. 39 (2019): 22227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03626a.

Full text
Abstract:
Pd catalyzed carbonylative reaction of 2-iodo-glycals has been developed taking formic acid as a carbonyl source for the synthesis of 2-carboxylic acids of sugars by the hydroxycarbonylation strategy.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Formic acid synthesis"

1

Brown, Kimberly Ann. "An analysis of a new approach to sol-gel synthesis the reaction of formic acid with TEOS /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2979.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Chemical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Corral, Pérez Juan José. "Continuous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to formates and formic acid over heterogeneous catalysts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667680.

Full text
Abstract:
La síntesi de format i àcid fòrmic via la hidrogenació de diòxid de carboni ofereix un camí prometedor en la valorització de diòxid de carboni, i una alternativa atractiva als processos comercials actuals. No obstant, aquesta reacció no és termodinàmicament favorable en fase gas. Per això, l’ús d’additius bàsics juntament amb catalitzadors homogenis en processos per lots representa l’estat de l’art en aquest camp. L’escassa investigació d’aquesta reacció fent ús de catalitzadors heterogenis ha pogut dificultar el seu posterior desenvolupament a escala industrial. En aquest treball, es demostra la síntesi contínua de format a partir de CO2 i H2 utilitzant catalitzadors heterogenis i amb l’avantatge de treballar a alta pressió. D’una banda, en la presència de metanol, el producte de la reacció és metanoat de metil, que és un potencial intermedi en la síntesi contínua d’àcid fòrmic mitjançant la hidròlisi. S’aporten nous enfocs en relació amb la reactivitat dels metalls d’encunyació, els rols dels òxids metàl·lics com suports, i els intermediaris reactius, així com els mecanismes de reacció. D’altra banda, la incorporació d’aigua o trietilamina a la corrent d’alimentació sobre un catalitzador molecular heterogenitzats promou la formació d’àcid fòrmic. A més, s’explora el potencial d’utilitzar un material porós per a immobilitzar un complex molecular d’iridi. Aquesta tesi destaca la importància de fer ús de distintes metodologies conjuntament per a verificar la localització i naturalesa dels llocs actius del catalitzador, i facilita així el seu disseny racional.
La síntesis de formiato y ácido fórmico vía la hidrogenación de dióxido de carbono ofrece un camino prometedor en la valorización de dióxido de carbono, y una alternativa atractiva a los procesos comerciales. No obstante, esta reacción no es termodinámicamente favorable en fase gas. Por ello, el uso de aditivos básicos junto catalizadores homogéneos en procesos por lotes representa el estado del arte en este campo. La escasa investigación de esta reacción empleando catalizadores heterogéneos ha podido dificultar su posterior desarrollo a escala industrial. En este trabajo, se demuestra la síntesis continua de formiato a partir de CO2 e H2 utilizando catalizadores heterogéneos y con la ventaja de trabajar a alta presión. Por un lado, en la presencia de metanol, el producto de la reacción es metanoato de metilo, que es un potencial intermedio en la síntesis continua de ácido fórmico mediante la hidrólisis. Se aportan nuevos enfoques en relación con la reactivad de los metales de acuñación, los roles de los óxidos metálicos como soportes, y los intermediarios reactivos, así como los mecanismos de reacción. Por otro lado, la incorporación de agua o trietilamina en la corriente de alimentación sobre un catalizador molecular heterogeneizado promueve la formación de ácido fórmico. Además, se explora el potencial de utilizar un material poroso para inmovilizar un complejo molecular de iridio. Esta tesis destaca la importancia de emplear distintas metodologías conjuntamente para verificar la localización y naturaleza de los sitios activos del catalizador, facilitando así su diseño racional.
The synthesis of formates and formic acid by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide offers a promising path to valorise carbon dioxide and an appealing alternative to the commercial processes. However, such reaction is not thermodynamically favourable in gas phase. Thus, the use of basic additives together with homogeneous catalysts under batch conditions represent the state-of-the-art in this field. The scarce research on this reaction over heterogeneous catalysts may have hindered its further development at industrial scale. In this work, the continuous synthesis of formates from CO2 and H2 is demonstrated over heterogeneous catalysts, while taking advantage of high-pressure conditions. On one hand, in the presence of methanol, the reaction product is methyl formate, which can be a potential intermediate in the continuous synthesis of formic acid through its hydrolysis. New insights are provided regarding the reactivity of coinage metals, the roles of metal oxides as supports, and the reactive intermediates and reaction mechanisms. On the other hand, the cofeeding of water or triethylamine over a heterogenized molecular catalyst promotes the formation of formic acid. The potential of using a covalent triazine framework to immobilize an iridium molecular complex, as well as of the unique properties of the resulting material in CO2 hydrogenation reactions is explored. This thesis highlights the importance of employing combined methodologies to verify the location and nature of active sites, which can facilitate rational catalyst design by tuning active metal and support materials.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Jean, Deok-im. "CORE-SHELL NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS, ASSEMBLY, AND APPLICATIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1374848575.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Tang, Yongan. "SYNTHESIS AND ELECTROCATALYSIS OF METAL NANOMATERIALS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1402313477.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Nitze, Florian. "Synthesis and characterization of palladium based carbon nanostructure-composites and their clean-energy application." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68852.

Full text
Abstract:
Carbon nanostructures are a wide field with many applications. The use of carbon nanostructures as support in heterogeneous catalysis is a key development that led together with the use of nanoparticles to a significant cost reduction of catalysts. Catalysts designed in this way are widely applied in fuel cell technologies. For portable devices especially low temperature fuel cells are desirable with low hazards for the user. One technology which fulfills these requirements is the direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC). DFAFC have many promising characteristics, such as high electromotive force and easy fuel handling. However, they still suffer from too low power output and lifetime for commercialization. This thesis focusses on two main aspects: the synthesis of carbon nanostructures by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and their application as catalyst support. The materials are investigated by many different techniques ranging from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to fuel cell tests. Different carbon nanostructures could be synthesized by catalytic CVD on palladium (Pd) nanoparticles. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and helical carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) were grown, selectively, dependent on temperature, using acetylene as carbon precursor. Especially HCNF raised further interest due to their unique structure. A growth model for HCNFs was developed based on an anisotropic extrusion model. The synthesis conditions for HCNFs were optimized until an almost 100 % purity with very high efficiency was obtained. The unique helical but fiber-like structure made the material very interesting as support for heterogeneous catalysis. Several catalysts based on Pd nanoparticle decorated HCNFs were developed. The synthesis methods ranged from standard methods like the polyol method to phase-transfer methods. The catalysts showed very promising results for the electro-oxidation of methanol, ethanol and formic acid. This makes them highly attractive for fuel cell applications. The catalysts were tested in DFAFC. The superiority of HCNF-based catalysts is attributed to the good attachment of nanoparticles to the defect-rich and easy to functionalize surface of HCNFs in combination with adequate film forming properties during electrode preparation.
Nanostrukturerat kol är ett mycket brett fält med ett stort antal tillämpningar. Användning av kolnanostrukturer som support för heterogena katalysmaterial har tillsammans med utvecklingen av nanopartiklar lett till en avsevärd minskning av kostnaden för katalysatorer. Katalysatorer designade på detta sätt används frekvent i bränsleceller. För portabla tillämpningar är utvecklingen av säkra och miljövänliga lågtemperaturceller mycket viktig. En teknologi som uppfyller dessa kriterier är bränsleceller som drivs med myrsyra (DFAFC). Sådana bränsleceller har många önskvärda egenskaper, såsom en hög elektromotorisk kraft och en enkel hantering av bränslet. Trots dessa goda egenskaper har de också en del nackdelar som hindrar en full kommersialisering. De två mest problematiska är en för låg genererad effekt samt en för kort livslängd på katalysatorerna. Denna avhandling fokuserar på två huvudpunkter som adresserar dessa problem; tillverkning och karaktärisering av kolnanostrukturer producerade med CVD, och deras tillämpningar som support för katalysatorer. Materialen karaktäriseras med en rad olika tekniker, allt från transmission-elektronmikroskopi till bränslecellstester. Olika kolnanostrukturer har syntetiserats med katalytisk CVD på palladium (Pd) nanopartiklar. Produktionen av flerväggiga kolnanorör, kolfibrer och heliska kolnanofibrer har tillverkats med acetylen som kolkälla och genom att variera temperaturen kunde innehållet av olika typer av nanostrukturerat kol kontrolleras. Särskilt stort intresse har de heliska kolnanofibrerna rönt på grund av deras unika struktur. Vi beskriver en tillväxtmekanism baserad på en anisotrop diffusionsmodell. Genom att justera produktionsparametrarna visar vi att heliska kolnanofibrer kunde tillverkas med nära 100 %-ig renhet och hög effektivitet. Den unika heliska och fiberlika strukturen är mycket intressant for tillämpningar som support för heterogena katalysatorer. Ett flertal kompositer för katalytiska tillämpningar har utvecklats baserade på heliska kolnanofibrer, dekorerade med heterogena katalysatorer genom en rad olika kemiska/fysikaliska tekniker. De syntetiserade materialen visar mycket goda katalytiska egenskaper för att oxidera metanol, etanol och myrsyra. Därigenom blir de mycket attraktiva för användning i bränsleceller. Vi korrelerar de goda katalytiska egenskaperna med en bra vidhäftning av nanopartiklarna på de heliska kolnanofibrerna defekter, deras goda ledningsförmåga, bra egenskaper för att förbereda elektroder, samt deras stora yta i förhållande till deras volym och vikt.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Chan, Chun Wong Aaron. "Ultraselective nanocatalysts in fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:866296af-5296-4d2e-8e52-6499dacaef0f.

Full text
Abstract:
Surface catalysed reactions play an important role in chemical productions. Developments of catalyst requiring high activity whilst improving on product selectivity can potentially have a profound effect in the chemical industry. Traditional catalyst modifications were focused on tuning the size, shape and foreign metal doping to form well defined metal nanoparticles of unique functionalities. Here, we show new approach to engineering of metal nanocatalysts via a subsurface approach can modify the chemisorption strength of adsorbates on the surface. Carbon modified nanoparticles were synthesised using glucose to stabilise Pd nanoparticles at a molecular level. Upon heat treatment, the carbonised glucose encapsulated the Pd nanoparticles with carbon atoms take residence in the octahedral holes (15 at.%). These materials were tested in liquid phase stereoselective hydrogenations of 3-hexyn-1-ol and 4-octyne. The former has importance in the fragrance industry towards the production of leaf fragrance alcohol. It was shown for the first time that the geometrically and electronically modified Pd with interstitial carbon atoms reduced the adsorption energy of alkenes, ultimately leading to higher reaction selectivity. Boron modified Pd nanoparticles was synthesised using BH3.THF in the liquid phase. The material possess high B interstitial saturation (20 at.%), which can be synthesised for the first time below 100°C. These materials were tested in the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of various alkynes and 2-chloronitrobenzene, of which the latter has importance in the pesticides industry. Kinetic modelling on the hydrogenation of 4-octyne suggests these subsurface occupied B does play a pivotal role on increasing the reaction selectivity, as removal of these species lead to decreased selectivity. Au nanoparticles were synthesised and characterised using H13COOH NMR. The new liquid NMR characterisation method is successfully applied to examine the chemisorption strength of metal nanoparticles. An attempt to synthesise PVP capped B modified Pd nanoparticles with the above NMR characterisation was investigated. It is believed the examples of subsurface atom modifications as shown here may offer future catalyst developments in this area.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Fischer, Joshua. "HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors: A Formal Total Synthesis of Lithospermic Acid And Synthetic Studies Towards Integramycin." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2397.

Full text
Abstract:
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This thesis describes synthetic studies towards the HIV-1 integrase inhibitory natural products lithospermic acid and integramycin, resulting in a formal total synthesis of the former. A modular, flexible and convergent synthetic strategy to lithospermic acid was devised. In this approach, a Sonogashira coupling was used to unite the C1–C7 and C20–C27 fragments that were subsequently manipulated to then participate in the key step of the synthesis, a palladium-mediated carbonylative annulation. Reduction of the benzofuran nucleus with magnesium in methanol then provided the desired dihydrobenzofuran core of lithospermic acid. Various protecting group strategies were investigated to complete this sequence in an efficient manner. Further synthetic manipulations afforded the complete C1–C9/C19–C27 fragment, which was united with the C10–C18 fragment to deliver the entire carbon skeleton of lithospermic acid. A two step deprotection sequence was undertaken, however, complications with the final deprotective step prevented definitive proof that the total synthesis of lithospermic acid had been achieved. An alternate protecting group strategy was sought, and a formal total synthesis of lithospermic acid was achieved by intercepting an advanced intermediate from a previous total synthesis. Several strategies for the enantioselective synthesis of the dihydrobenzofuran core of lithospermic acid were evaluated, however, none proved successful. A synthetic route towards the tetramic acid subunit of integramycin was also investigated. 3- Methoxymaleimide was constructed using known chemistry, and the regioselective reduction of this ring system was developed. Attempts to further functionalise this ring system were thwarted by difficulties associated with handling. The scope of the regioselective reduction was investigated on an array of N- substituted methoxymaleimides with the procedure found to be generally high yielding and highly regioselective.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Raciulete, Monica. "Synthèse de matériaux nano structurés dans des solvants non aqueux." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809196.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans la synthèse des matériaux catalytiques, deux aspects orientent en particulier les recherches actuelles: le contrôle de taille afin d'obtenir des nanoparticules finement divisées et le contrôle précis de la morphologie. Dans cette étude, nous avons utilisé les milieux non aqueux pour élaborer des matériaux catalytiques à base d'oxydes des métaux de transition (Ti, Zr, Mn). Trois méthodologies ont été employées pour la préparation des solides à base de TiO2. La synthèse dans les nitrates fondus dopés avec différents anions permet un boncontrôle des propriétés texturales des matériaux et de la nature des plans cristallins exposés. Les préparations utilisant le nitrate d'ammonium stabilisé avec des molécules organiques azotées conduit à des solides présentant des tailles et des formes de particules variables en fonction de la nature du stabilisateur. Le traitement à reflux dans des solvants organiques polaires conduit à l'obtention des supports TiO2 de grandes surfaces spécifiques. Pour la valorisation catalytique de ces matériaux, deux réactions appliquées au domaine de la photocatalyse ont été employées: la production d'H2 par déshydrogénation du méthanol etl'oxydation photocatalytique de l'acide formique. La réaction modèle de décomposition del'isopropanol a été utilisée comme test de caractérisation des propriétés acido-basiques de nossystèmes. La technique de nitrates fondus a été également appliqué avec succès pourl'obtention en une seule étape des catalyseurs supportés Mn-Zr et Mn-Ti. Ces catalyseursmontrent une excellente activité pour l'oxydation totale de composés organiques volatils(COV).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Arvola, J. (Jouko). "Reducing industrial use of fossil raw materials:techno-economic assessment of relevant cases in Northern Finland." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514296895.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Climate change and global warming are currently widely discussed topics, both of which potentially impact all the nations and industries. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other green house gases (GHG) are seen as a major challenge. This doctoral dissertation aims to conduct techno-economic calculations on the possibilities of reducing the industrial use of fossil raw materials in Northern Finland. This doctoral dissertation analyses industrial CO2 emissions from five complementary perspectives: identifying significant potential industrial plants, analysing the replacement of fossil raw materials with wood biomass, considering combining different industrial sectors, the potential of biogas as industrial raw material, and estimating the economic significance of moisture in wood fuel. The study started by analysing all the relevant 262 regional environmental permits to find the significant industrial users of synthesis gas in the studied region. Processes used by each identified case were analysed carefully to identify the most potential change possibilities. Economic calculations were conducted for these cases using true production volumes. The aim was to reach solutions that were economically sound. Five industrial sites were identified as potential cases for replacing raw materials of synthesis gas or hydrogen with renewable alternatives. These sites include the Rautaruukki steel mill, Eka Chemicals’ hydrochloric acid plant, Kemira’s formic acid plant, Kemira’s hydrogen peroxide producing plant, and Talvivaara mining’s hydrogen plant. The main implications of this dissertation include providing tips for industrial managers, regional decision makers and legislators. Managers of companies with high energy consumption and/or high usage of fossil raw materials in their products can benefit from the results of this dissertation the most. Managers should conduct similar calculations, as in this study, by using exact figures relevant to their processes and raw materials. This doctoral dissertation also suggests finding new solutions for replacing fossil raw materials by combining two different industrial sectors, e.g. steel and chemical industries. Regional decision makers may utilise the calculations presented in this doctoral dissertation when developing regional strategies
Tiivistelmä Ilmaston muutos ja globaali lämpeneminen ovat tällä hetkellä laajasti keskusteltuja aiheita, ja ne vaikuttavat kaikkiin maihin ja kaikkiin teollisuuden aloihin. Hiilidioksidi (CO2) ja muut kasvihuonekaasut nähdään suurena haasteena. Tämä väitöskirja pyrkii teknistaloudellisten laskelmien avulla tutkimaan mahdollisuuksia vähentää fossiilisten raaka-aineiden käyttöä Pohjois-Suomen alueella. Tämä väitöskirja analysoi teollisia CO2-päästöjä viidestä toisiaan täydentävästä näkökulmasta: identifioimalla merkittäviä teollisia tuotantolaitoksia, analysoimalla fossiilisten raaka-aineiden korvaamista puubiomassalla, tutkimalla erilaisten teollisten tuotantolaitosten yhdistämistä, tutkimalla biokaasun käyttöä mahdollisena teollisuuden raaka-aineena ja arvioimalla kosteuden taloudellista merkitystä puupolttoaineessa. Tutkimus alkoi analysoimalla kaikki alueen identifioidut 262 ympäristölupaa, jotta merkittävät synteesikaasun käyttäjät tulisivat esille. Jokaisen löydetyn tapauksen tuotantoprosessit analysoitiin huolellisesti, jotta potentiaalisimmat muutosmahdollisuudet huomioitaisiin. Teknistaloudellisia laskelmia tehtiin näille tapauksille käyttämällä todellisia tuotantolukuja. Tarkoituksena oli löytää taloudellisesti kannattavia vaihtoehtoja. Viisi teollista tuotantolaitosta identifioitiin tapauksiksi, joissa synteesikaasun tai vedyn raaka-aine voitaisiin korvata uusiutuvilla raaka-ainevaihtoehdoilla. Nämä tuotantolaitokset olivat Rautaruukin terästehdas, Eka Chemicalsin kloorivetyhapon tuotantolaitos, Kemiran muurahaishappotehdas, Kemiran vetyperoksiditehdas ja Talvivaaran kaivoksen vedyn tuotantolaitos. Tärkeimmät implikaatiot tästä väitöskirjatyöstä sisältävät pohdittavia ajatuksia teollisille toimijoille, alueellisille päätösten tekijöille ja lainsäätäjille. Korkean energian kulutuksen ja/tai suurten fossiilisten raaka-ainekäyttöjen yhtiöissä päätöksentekijät voivat hyödyntää parhaiten tämän väitöskirjan tuloksia. Päätöksentekijät voisivat käyttää esimerkkeinä tämän väitöskirjan laskelmia tehdessään omia analyyseja, jolloin heidän tulisi käyttää tarkkoja lukuja yritystensä prosesseista ja raaka-ainekäytöistä. Tämä väitöskirja ehdottaa myös etsimään uusia ratkaisuja fossiilisten raaka-aineiden korvaamisessa yhdistämällä tuotannollisesti erilaisia teollisia sektoreita esimerkiksi teräksen ja kemian tuotteiden valmistuksen. Alueelliset päätösten tekijät voivat hyödyntää väitöskirjassa esitettyjä laskelmia alueellisten strategioiden kehitystyössä
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Goodwin, Nicole C. Barton Jacqueline K. MacMillan David W. C. "Application of iminium activation technologies to natural product synthesis : total syntheses of the spiculisporic acids, progress towards the total synthesis of cylindrocyclophane F, and a formal synthesis of cylindrocyclophane A /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2007. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-07242006-134454.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Formic acid synthesis"

1

Fu, Ming-Chen. Studies on Green Synthetic Reactions Based on Formic Acid from Biomass. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7623-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Crichton, Michael. Three Complete Novels: The Andromeda Strain / The Terminal Man / The Great Train Robbery. New York: Wings Books, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Crichton, Michael. Tian wai si jun. Hong Kong: Bo Yi, 1995.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda Strain. New York, USA: Ballantine Books, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda Strain. 4th ed. New York: Dell, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda strain. Hampton, N.H: Eagle Large Print, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda Strain. New York, USA: Ballantine Books, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda strain. New York: Dell Pub. Co., 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Crichton, Michael. The Andromeda strain. London: Century, 1993.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Crichton, Michael. La amenaza de Andromeda. México: Origen/Planeta, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Formic acid synthesis"

1

Fu, Ming-Chen. "Conversion of Formic Acid in Organic Synthesis as a C1 Source." In Springer Theses, 1–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7623-2_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Galantino, M., E. Arlandini, R. Forino, G. Perseo, and R. de Castiglione. "ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES IN THE USE OF FORMIC ACID IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS." In Porto Carras, Chalkidiki, Greece, Aug. 31–Sept. 5, 1986, edited by Dimitrios Theodoropoulos, 69–72. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110864243-012.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Li, Shu-Shuang, Lei Tao, Yong-Mei Liu, and Yong Cao. "Towards More Sustainable Chemical Synthesis, Using Formic Acid as a Renewable Feedstock." In Nanoporous Catalysts for Biomass Conversion, 283–306. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119128113.ch12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Smith, G. B. L., and Frank Wilcoxon. "Azidodithiocarbonic Acid (Azidothio-Formic Acid) and Azidocarbondisulfide." In Inorganic Syntheses, 81–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470132326.ch28.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Burford, R. P., R. M. McDonogh, C. J. D. Fell, and C. W. Yao. "CHARACTERISTICS OF MEMBRANES FORMED BY ACID DISSOLUTION OF POLYAMIDES." In Synthetic Polymeric Membranes, edited by Blahoslav Sedláček and Jaroslav Kahovec, 149–70. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110867374-016.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Aikins, James, Tony Y. Zhang, Milton Zmijewski, and Barbara Briggs. "Large-Scale Enantioselective Preparation of 2E,7E, 5S,6R, 5-Hydroxy-6-methyl-8-phenyl-octa-2,7-dienoic Acid, a Key Fragment for the Formal Total Synthesis of the Anti-tumor Agent Cryptophycin 52." In Fundamentals of Early Clinical Drug Development, 37–51. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470043407.ch3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Kruse, A., and E. Dinjus. "Using Formic Acid/Formates." In Water in Organic Synthesis, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-206-00549.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Taber, Douglass F. "Functional Group Protection: The Kraus Synthesis of Bauhinoxepin J." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0013.

Full text
Abstract:
Amos B. Smith III of the University of Pennsylvania found (Synlett 2009, 3131) that the advanced SAMP intermediate 1 could be deprotected to 2 without racemization under mild oxidative conditions. Akihiko Ouchi of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, showed (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 4870) that the C-Te of 3 was easily oxidized to the aldehyde 4. Secondary C-Te bonds were converted to ketones. Asit K. Chakraborti of NIPER prepared (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 5967) esters by warming an acid 5 with an alcohol 6 in the presence of acidic silica gel. Gilles Quéléver of Aix-Marseille Université established (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 4346) that a cyanomethyl ester 8, readily prepared from the acid, efficiently exchanged with an alcohol 9 to give the ester 10. Martin J. Lear of the National University of Singapore protected (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 5267) an alcohol 11 as the p -methoxybenzyl ether 13 under mild conditions (AgOTf/DTBMP) with the new reagent 12 . Isao Kadota of Okayama University selectively removed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 4552) the primary PMB ether from 14 to give 15. Hiromishi Fujioka of Osaka University, starting (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 5138) from 16, was able to selectively prepare either the primary protected 18 or the secondary protected 19. In other developments (not pictured), Mattie S. M. Timmer and Brendan A. Burkett of Victoria University of Wellington devised (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 7199) a convenient preparation for azulene-containing α-keto esters. The distinctively colored protecting group was conveniently removed in the presence of other esters by treatment with o-phenylenediamine. Scott D. Taylor of the University of Waterloo established (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 9406) a robust protocol for converting alcohols to the corresponding protected sulfates. P. Shanthan Rao of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, showed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 7099) that an amine 20 was formylated by warming with formic acid in the presence of ZnCl2. The easily hydrolyzed formamide 21 is readily converted to the corresponding isonitrile. Shiyue Fang of Michigan Technological University selectively monoacylated (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 5741) the symmetrical diamine 22 using phenyl esters.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Taber, Douglass F. "Functional Group Protection." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0014.

Full text
Abstract:
Bekington Myrboh of North-Eastern Hill University reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2862) a convenient procedure for the oxidative removal of a 1,3-oxathiolane 1 or a 1,3-dithiolane. Sang-Gyeong Lee and Yong-Jin Yoon of Gyeongsang National University developed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 484) the pyridazin-3(2H )-one 4 for the microwave-mediated deprotection of an oxime 3. Dario M. Bassani of Université Bordeaux 1 and John S. Snaith of the University of Birmingham devised (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 4648) a procedure for the facile preparation of esters such as 6. Brief photolysis (350 nm) returned the parent carboxylic acid 7. Craig M. Williams of the University of Queensland prepared (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 1158) the trithioorthoester 8 by iterative opening of epichlorohydrin. He found that the keto ester 9 could be efficiently released by Hg-mediated hydrolysis. Masatoshi Mihara of the Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute established (Synlett 2010, 253) that even very congested alcohols such as 10 could be acetylated by acetic anhydride containing a trace of FeCl3. Colleen N. Scott, now at Southern Illinois University, developed (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 253) a convenient procedure for the preparation of the hydridosilane 13, which on Mn catalysis added the alcohol 12 to make the unsymmetrical bisalkoxysilane 14. Sabine Berteina-Raboin of the Université d’Orléans found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2115) that NaBH4 in EtOH cleanly removed the chloroacetates from 15. Both other esters and silyl ethers were stable under these conditions. Ram S. Mohan of Illinois Wesleyan University established (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 1056) that Fe(III) tosylate in methanol selectively removed the alkyl silyl ether from 17 without affecting the aryl silyl ether. Alakananda Hajra and Adinath Majee of Visva-Bharati University effected (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2896) formylation of an amine 19 by heating with commercial 85% formic acid as the solvent in a sealed tube at 80°C. Although both primary and secondary amines could be effi ciently formylated, the primary amines were much more reactive. Doo Ok Jang of Yonsei University found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 683) that the conveniently handled CF3CCO2H (the acid chloride is a gas) could be activated in situ to selectively convert 22 into 24.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Taber, Douglass F. "The Dixon Synthesis of (-)-Nakadomarin A." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0087.

Full text
Abstract:
(-)-Nakadomarin A 4, isolated from the sponge Amphimedon sp. off the coast of Okinawa, shows interesting antifungal and antibacterial activity. The key step in the total synthesis of 4 reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 16632) by Darren J. Dixon of the University of Oxford was the diastereoselective addition of the enantiomerically pure ester 1 to the prochiral nitroalkene 2. The assembly of 2 began with the linchpin ketophosphonate 5. Alkylation of the dianion of 5 with allyl bromide followed by direct condensation of the resulting monoanion with the diacetate 6 gave 7. On exposure to aqueous acid, 7 cyclized to the furan. Oxidation of the liberated primary alcohol followed by condensation with nitromethane then completed the preparation of 2. The starting material for the synthesis of 1 was the enantiomerically pure pyroglutamate derivative 8. Sulfide displacement followed by N-alkylation with the bromide 10 delivered 11 . Oxidation followed by deprotection then set the stage for the intramolecular Julia-Kocienski cyclization, which gave 12 with the expected (eight-membered ring) high geometric control. Addition of the ester 1 to Michael acceptors proceeded across the open face of the lactam, but it was still necessary to control the face of the nitro alkene 2 to which the lactam anion added. Catalysis of the addition with the urea 13 delivered 3 with 10:1 diasterocontrol. Mannich condensation of the nitroalkane 3 with formaldehyde and the amine 14 gave the bis-lactam 15, conveniently as a single diastereomer. After free radical removal of the nitro group, it was necessary to achieve selective reduction of the δ-lactam in the presence of the γ-lactam. Low-temperature LiAlH4 was found to be effective. Direct reduction of the resulting hemiaminal with formic acid led to the monolactam 16. The hemiaminal from monoreduction of 16 was found to be unstable and sensitive to overreduction. Nevertheless, exposure of 16 to Dibal at low temperature followed by acid-mediated cyclization delivered the diamine 17. Cyclization of the free base of 17 with the first generation Grubbs catalyst gave (-)-nakadomarin A 4 as the minor component of a 40:60 Z/E mixture. Carrying out the cyclization on the camphorsulfonate salt improved the ratio to 63:37 Z/E.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Formic acid synthesis"

1

Xu, Wenjuan, Liping Ma, Bin Huang, Xia Cui, Xuekui Niu, and Hang Zhang. "Thermodynamic analysis of formic acid synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation." In Environment (ICMREE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmree.2011.5930612.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Paviet-Hartmann, Patricia, Amber Wright, Edward Mausolf, Keri Campbell, and Frederic Poineau. "Application of Formohydroxamic Acid in Nuclear Processing: Synthesis and Complexation With Technetium-99." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29028.

Full text
Abstract:
Acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) is an organic ligand planned for use in the Uranium Extraction (UREX) process. It reduces neptunium and plutonium, and the resultant hydrophilic complexes are separated from uranium by extraction with tributyl phosphate (TBP) in a hydrocarbon diluent. AHA undergoes hydrolysis to acetic acid which will impede the recycling of nitric acid. During recent discussions of the UREX process, it has been proposed to replace AHA by formohydroxamic acid (FHA). FHA will undergo hydrolysis to formic acid which is volatile, thus allowing the recycling of nitric acid. The reported reduction potentials of AHA and pertechnetate (TcO4−) indicated that it may be possible for AHA to reduce technetium, altering its fate in the fuel cycle. At UNLV, it has been demonstrated that TcO4− undergoes reductive nitrosylation by AHA under a variety of conditions. The resulting divalent technetium is complexed by AHA to form the pseudo-octahedral trans-aquonitrosyl (diacetohydroxamic)-technetium(II) complex ([TcII(NO)(AHA)2H2O]+). In this paper, we are reporting the synthesis of FHA and its complex formation with technetium along with the characterization of FHA crystals achieved by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the complexation of FHA with Tc and the results were compared with previous data on AHA. The first experiment involved the elution of Tc from a Reillex HP anion exchange resin, and the second one monitored the complexation of technetium with FHA by UV-visible spectrophotometry.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

AlDahlan, Mohammed N., Marwa A. Obied, Khalid M. Marshad, Faisal M. Sahman, Ibrahim S. Yami, and Abdullah M. Alhajri. "Evaluation of Synthetic Acid for Wells Stimulation in Carbonate Formations." In SPE Middle East Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-172945-ms.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Acid treatments of carbonate formations are usually carried out using mineral acid (HCl), organic acids (formic and acetic), mixed acids (HCl-formic, HCl-acetic), or retarded acids. The major challenges when using these acids are their high corrosivity, fast reaction rate and health hazard. The improvement in corrosion inhibitors makes the use of a strong acid as high as 28 wt% HCl possible. The acid reaction rate can be controlled by increasing acid viscosity using gelling agent or emulsifying acid droplets, acid-in-diesel emulsion. While the issues of stimulation acids reaction and corrosion rates are relatively controlled, these acids health hazard rating of 3 by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is a major concern. A health hazard rating of three is defined as an extreme danger where short exposure could cause serious injury. An acid replacement chemical that has no or minimum health hazard rating while still has the ability to dissolve carbonate rock would be a major forward step in stimulation technology. This paper presents the results of the study conducted on a synthetic stimulation acid (Syn-A) chemical, with health hazard rating of one and dissolving power similar to 15 wt% hydrochloric acid (HCl). An extensive experimental scheme including: thermal stability, dissolving power, acidity, compatibility, corrosion rate & inhibition and coreflooding on carbonate formation core plugs was conducted. The Syn-A was found to be thermally stable with similar dissolving power to 15 wt% HCl and lower corrosion rate. In addition, the Syn-A developed a breakthrough on core plugs with an average pore volume (PV) of 2.7 and approximately 3 folds increase in permeability.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Santana, Lourenço Luis Botelho de, and Silvio Cunha. "Aza-bicycles Synthesis Through Formal Aza [3+3], [3+2+1] and [3+1+1+1] Cycloadditions Between Enaminones, Aldehydes and Meldrum’s Acid Derivatives." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0056-1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Chinnasami, Harish, Daniel Hayes, and Ram Devireddy. "Synthesis of Poly (L-Lactic Acid) Scaffolds Under Controlled Freezing Conditions." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14168.

Full text
Abstract:
Poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) scaffolds for bone grafts were prepared by using Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) method. Solutions of PLLA-dioxane was formed by dissolving a pre-determined value of PLLA in dioxane (3, 7 and 10% wt/vol) at 323K. These solutions were frozen at controlled cooling rates (1, 10 and 40°C/min) in cylindrical capsules. The frozen solutions were freeze-dried for a period of 48 hours for the frozen dioxane to completely sublimate, leaving the porous PLLA scaffold. The scaffolds which were formed under different processing conditions were characterized in terms of porosity, pore sizes and compressive moduli.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Verma, Devendra, Kalpana Katti, and Dinesh Katti. "Biopolymer Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanocomposites for Bone Tissue Engineering." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206390.

Full text
Abstract:
Recent studies have shown that its necessary for synthetic matrix to provide similar mechanical response as cell’s host environment in the body for desired tissue growth [1,2]. Osteoblast cells reside in the rigid matrix made of collagen fibers and hydroxyapatite crystals. Therefore for the growth of proper functional bone tissue, its utmost necessary that scaffolds provide mechanical response similar to bone matrix. Bone also serves as a mechanical support to the body. Thus scaffolds used for bone tissue engineering should also provide adequate mechanical support to prevent collapse of the neonatal tissue. The mechanical response of scaffolds decreases significantly as porosity increases. The porosity of scaffold around 90% has been considered optimal for tissue engineering. At such high porosity, the mechanical strength and elastic modulus decreases significantly. Various polymers both of synthetic and biological origin have been investigated as a material for scaffold [3]. Synthetic polymers are biodegradable, biocompatible, and can be easily formed into different shapes and sizes. However, hydrophobicity, lack of functional groups and release of acidic products on degradation are causes of concern. Biopolymers such as collagen, chitin, chitosan etc. promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and evoke minimal foreign body reaction on implantation [4]. But, they have inadequate mechanical properties for bone regeneration and tend to loose structural integrity under wet and body fluid conditions. The quest for scaffold materials which, not only promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation but also have adequate mechanical strength to support bone tissue growth is still on. In the current work, we discuss the synthesis and characterizations of nanocomposites based on biopolymers and hydroxyapatite. The biopolymers used are chitosan and polygalacturonic acid. These two biopolymers are biocompatible, biodegradable and electrostatically complementary to each other. We have also investigated the molecular mechanics involved in their mechanical behavior. Their in vitro response have been investigated by seeding human Osteoblast cells and studying their adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Synthesis and characterizations of nanostructured fibers based on chitosan and polygalacturonic acid will also be discussed here.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Biresaw, Girma, Terry A. Isbell, and Steven C. Cermak. "Film-Forming Properties of Estolides." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64089.

Full text
Abstract:
Estolides are biobased materials obtained from synthesis of ingredients derived from agricultural products. They are oligoesters obtained by the reaction of fatty acids and/or methyl esters with a double bond. By varying the chemistries of the starting materials and the reaction conditions, estolides of varying chemical structures, and physical properties are obtained. Estolides have been found to have suitable properties for some lubrication applications. However, the effect of estolide chemical/physical characterstics on its tribological properties have yet to be understood. In this work, the effect of estolide physical/chemical variability on its film-forming properties is examined.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Schröder, Arne S., Jessica Steinbacher, Barbara Steigenberger, Felix A. Gnerlich, Stefan Schiesser, Toni Pfaffeneder, and Thomas Carell. "Synthesis of a DNA promoter segment containing all four epigenetic nucleosides: 5-methyl-, 5-hydroxymethyl-, 5-formyl-, and 5-carboxy-2’-deoxycytidine." In XVIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css201414363.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Kaida, S., T. Miyata, S. Kawabata, T. Morita, Y. Yoshizawa, H. Igarashi, and S. Iwanaga. "NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF THE STAPHYLOCOAGULASE GENE FROM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAIN BB." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644607.

Full text
Abstract:
Staphylocoagulase (SC) is a secretary protein produced by several strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). This protein forms a molecular complex ("staphylothrombin") with human prothrombin in a molar ratio of 1:1. The complex displays the ability to clot fibrinogen and to hydrolyze the synthetic tripeptide substrates for α-thrombin. The formation of staphylothrombin does not require proteolytic cleavage of the prothrombin molecule, and this mechanism differs markedly from the activation process by either blood-clotting factor Xa or snake venom procoagulant.In the present studies, a pAT153 library containing partial Mbo I-digested DNA prepared from aureus strain BB has been screened with a fibrin gel formation method. The identity of these clones with SC was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis and by comparison of the derived amino acid sequence with that determined for the purified SC protein. One of the positive colonies was isolated and 3.1 Kb of the insert DNA was determined by the dideoxy chain termination method. The results indicated that the insert DNA consists of 148 bp 5' flanking region, protein coding region of 715 amino acids and 746 bp 3' flanking region, and that SC from strain BB is synthesized as a precursor with a signal peptide of 26 amino acids. Thus, the mature form was composed of 689 amino acids with a molecular weight of 77,337- The NH2-terminal sequence (324 amino acids) of SC isolated from S. aureus strain 213 (S. Kawabata et al. (1986): J. Biol. Chem. 261, 527-531) was compared with that of SC derived from strain BB. The sequence homology between them was found to show 57 %. It was also found that SC derived from strain BB was composed of 8 tandem repeats (27 amino acid residues in length) in the COOH-terminal region, although their functions are not known.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Han, Sang-Cheol, Kwang-Min Choi, and Sang-Eon Park. "Facile Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Nanotubes With Amide Type Surfactant." In ASME 2008 2nd Multifunctional Nanocomposites and Nanomaterials International Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2008-47070.

Full text
Abstract:
Novel synthetic method for the formation of mesoporous silica nanotubes was proposed using glycyldodecylamide (GDA) as an amino acid surfactant, which enabled to control the tube diameter, wall structure and morphology with the diverse structures of amphiphile due to the capability of H-bonds by forming amide bond. Moreover, this sol-gel transcription process could be elucidated at neutral condition that enabled the recyclable use of surfactant and resulted in unique structures depending on the temperatures of self-assembly.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Formic acid synthesis"

1

Kolodziejczyk, Bart. Unsettled Issues Concerning the Use of Green Ammonia Fuel in Ground Vehicles. SAE International, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021003.

Full text
Abstract:
While hydrogen is emerging as a clean alternative automotive fuel and energy storage medium, there are still numerous challenges to implementation, such as the economy of hydrogen production and deployment, expensive storage materials, energy intensive compression or liquefaction processes, and limited trial applications. Synthetic ammonia production, on the other hand, has been available on an industrial scale for nearly a century. Ammonia is one of the most-traded commodities globally and the second most-produced synthetic chemical after sulfuric acid. As an energy carrier, it enables effective hydrogen storage in chemical form by binding hydrogen atoms to atmospheric nitrogen. While ammonia as a fuel is still in its infancy, its unique properties render it as a potentially viable candidate for decarbonizing the automotive industry. Yet, lack of regulation and standards for automotive applications, technology readiness, and reliance on natural gas for both hydrogen feedstocks to generate the ammonia and facilitate hydrogen and nitrogen conversion into liquid ammonia add extra uncertainty to use scenarios. Unsettled Issues Concerning the Use of Green Ammonia Fuel in Ground Vehicles brings together collected knowledge on current and future prospects for the application of ammonia in ground vehicles, including the technological and regulatory challenges for this new type of clean fuel.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Formic acid synthesis' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography