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Journal articles on the topic "Formina2"
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Kaminski, Lucas A., Sebastián F. Sendoya, André V. L. Freitas, and Paulo S. Oliveira. "ECOLOGIA COMPORTAMENTAL NA INTERFACE FORMIGA-PLANTA-HERBÍVORO: INTERAÇÕES ENTRE FORMIGAS E LEPIDÓPTEROS." Oecologia Australis 13, no. 01 (March 2009): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2009.1301.03.
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Silkworth, William T., Kristina L. Kunes, Grace C. Nickel, Martin L. Phillips, Margot E. Quinlan, and Christina L. Vizcarra. "The neuron-specific formin Delphilin nucleates nonmuscle actin but does not enhance elongation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 5 (March 2018): 610–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0363.
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The formin Delphilin binds the glutamate receptor, GluRδ2, in dendritic spines of Purkinje cells. Both proteins play a role in learning. To understand how Delphilin functions in neurons, we studied the actin assembly properties of this formin. Formins have a conserved formin homology 2 domain, which nucleates and associates with the fast-growing end of actin filaments, influencing filament growth together with the formin homology 1 (FH1) domain. The strength of nucleation and elongation varies widely across formins. Additionally, most formins have conserved domains that regulate actin assembly through an intramolecular interaction. Delphilin is distinct from other formins in several ways: its expression is limited to Purkinje cells, it lacks classical autoinhibitory domains, and its FH1 domain has minimal proline-rich sequence. We found that Delphilin is an actin nucleator that does not accelerate elongation, although it binds to the barbed end of filaments. In addition, Delphilin exhibits a preference for actin isoforms, nucleating nonmuscle actin but not muscle actin, which has not been described or systematically studied in other formins. Finally, Delphilin is the first formin studied that is not regulated by intramolecular interactions. We speculate how the activity we observe is consistent with its localization in the small dendritic spines.
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Vizcarra, Christina L., Batbileg Bor, and Margot E. Quinlan. "The Role of Formin Tails in Actin Nucleation, Processive Elongation, and Filament Bundling." Journal of Biological Chemistry 289, no. 44 (September 22, 2014): 30602–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m114.588368.
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Formins are multidomain proteins that assemble actin in a wide variety of biological processes. They both nucleate and remain processively associated with growing filaments, in some cases accelerating filament growth. The well conserved formin homology 1 and 2 domains were originally thought to be solely responsible for these activities. Recently a role in nucleation was identified for the Diaphanous autoinhibitory domain (DAD), which is C-terminal to the formin homology 2 domain. The C-terminal tail of the Drosophila formin Cappuccino (Capu) is conserved among FMN formins but distinct from other formins. It does not have a DAD domain. Nevertheless, we find that Capu-tail plays a role in filament nucleation similar to that described for mDia1 and other formins. Building on this, replacement of Capu-tail with DADs from other formins tunes nucleation activity. Capu-tail has low-affinity interactions with both actin monomers and filaments. Removal of the tail reduces actin filament binding and bundling. Furthermore, when the tail is removed, we find that processivity is compromised. Despite decreased processivity, the elongation rate of filaments is unchanged. Again, replacement of Capu-tail with DADs from other formins tunes the processive association with the barbed end, indicating that this is a general role for formin tails. Our data show a role for the Capu-tail domain in assembling the actin cytoskeleton, largely mediated by electrostatic interactions. Because of its multifunctionality, the formin tail is a candidate for regulation by other proteins during cytoskeletal rearrangements.
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Isogai, Tadamoto, and Metello Innocenti. "New nuclear and perinuclear functions of formins." Biochemical Society Transactions 44, no. 6 (December 2, 2016): 1701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20160187.
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Formin family proteins (formins) represent an evolutionary conserved protein family encoded in the genome of a wide range of eukaryotes. Formins are hallmarked by a formin homology 1 (FH1) domain juxtaposed to an FH2 domain whereby they control actin and microtubule dynamics. Not surprisingly, formins are best known as key regulators of the cytoskeleton in a variety of morphogenetic processes. However, mounting evidence implicates several formins in the assembly and organization of actin within and around the nucleus. In addition, actin-independent roles for formins have recently been discovered. In this mini-review, we summarize these findings and highlight the novel nuclear and perinulcear functions of formins. In light of the emerging new biology of formins, we also discuss the fundamental principles governing the versatile activity and multimodal regulation of these proteins.
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Dong, Yuqing, David Pruyne, and Anthony Bretscher. "Formin-dependent actin assembly is regulated by distinct modes of Rho signaling in yeast." Journal of Cell Biology 161, no. 6 (June 16, 2003): 1081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200212040.
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Formins are actin filament nucleators regulated by Rho-GTPases. In budding yeast, the formins Bni1p and Bnr1p direct the assembly of actin cables, which guide polarized secretion and growth. From the six yeast Rho proteins (Cdc42p and Rho1–5p), we have determined that four participate in the regulation of formin activity. We show that the essential function of Rho3p and Rho4p is to activate the formins Bni1p and Bnr1p, and that activated alleles of either formin are able to bypass the requirement for these Rho proteins. Through a separate signaling pathway, Rho1p is necessary for formin activation at elevated temperatures, acting through protein kinase C (Pkc1p), the major effector for Rho1p signaling to the actin cytoskeleton. Although Pkc1p also activates a MAPK pathway, this pathway does not function in formin activation. Formin-dependent cable assembly does not require Cdc42p, but in the absence of Cdc42p function, cable assembly is not properly organized during initiation of bud growth. These results show that formin function is under the control of three distinct, essential Rho signaling pathways.
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Sherer, Laura A., Mark E. Zweifel, and Naomi Courtemanche. "Dissection of two parallel pathways for formin-mediated actin filament elongation." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 46 (September 28, 2018): 17917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.004845.
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Formins direct the elongation of unbranched actin filaments that are incorporated into a diverse set of cytoskeletal structures. Elongation of formin-bound filaments occurs along two parallel pathways. The formin homology 2 (FH2) pathway allows actin monomers to bind directly to barbed ends bound by dimeric FH2 domains. The formin homology 1 (FH1) pathway involves transfer of profilin-bound actin to the barbed end from polyproline tracts located in the disordered FH1 domains. Here, we used a total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy-based fluorescence approach to determine the fraction of actin subunits incorporated via the FH1 and FH2 pathways during filament elongation mediated by two formins. We found that the fraction of filament elongation that occurs via each pathway directly depends on the efficiency of the other pathway, indicating that these two pathways compete with each other for subunit addition by formins. We conclude that this competition allows formins to compensate for changes in the efficiency of one pathway by adjusting the frequency of subunit addition via the other, thus increasing the overall robustness of formin-mediated actin polymerization.
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Kollárová, Eva, Anežka Baquero Forero, Lenka Stillerová, Sylva Přerostová, and Fatima Cvrčková. "Arabidopsis Class II Formins AtFH13 and AtFH14 Can Form Heterodimers but Exhibit Distinct Patterns of Cellular Localization." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010348.
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Formins are evolutionarily conserved multi-domain proteins participating in the control of both actin and microtubule dynamics. Angiosperm formins form two evolutionarily distinct families, Class I and Class II, with class-specific domain layouts. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana has 21 formin-encoding loci, including 10 Class II members. In this study, we analyze the subcellular localization of two A. thaliana Class II formins exhibiting typical domain organization, the so far uncharacterized formin AtFH13 (At5g58160) and its distant homolog AtFH14 (At1g31810), previously reported to bind microtubules. Fluorescent protein-tagged full length formins and their individual domains were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves under the control of a constitutive promoter and their subcellular localization (including co-localization with cytoskeletal structures and the endoplasmic reticulum) was examined using confocal microscopy. While the two formins exhibit distinct and only partially overlapping localization patterns, they both associate with microtubules via the conserved formin homology 2 (FH2) domain and with the periphery of the endoplasmic reticulum, at least in part via the N-terminal PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin)-like domain. Surprisingly, FH2 domains of AtFH13 and AtFH14 can form heterodimers in the yeast two-hybrid assay—a first case of potentially biologically relevant formin heterodimerization mediated solely by the FH2 domain.
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Bersee, H. E. N., S. Lindstedt, and A. Beukers. "C-4 DIAPHRAGM FORMING OF THERMOSET COMPOSITES(Session: Forming I)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.51.
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Zhang, Laining, Tetyana Smertenko, Deirdre Fahy, Nuria Koteyeva, Natalia Moroz, Anna Kuchařová, Dominik Novák, et al. "Analysis of formin functions during cytokinesis using specific inhibitor SMIFH2." Plant Physiology 186, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 945–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab085.
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Abstract The phragmoplast separates daughter cells during cytokinesis by constructing the cell plate, which depends on interaction between cytoskeleton and membrane compartments. Proteins responsible for these interactions remain unknown, but formins can link cytoskeleton with membranes and several members of formin protein family localize to the cell plate. Progress in functional characterization of formins in cytokinesis is hindered by functional redundancies within the large formin gene family. We addressed this limitation by employing Small Molecular Inhibitor of Formin Homology 2 (SMIFH2), a small-molecule inhibitor of formins. Treatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) tissue culture cells with SMIFH2 perturbed localization of actin at the cell plate; slowed down both microtubule polymerization and phragmoplast expansion; diminished association of dynamin-related proteins with the cell plate independently of actin and microtubules; and caused cell plate swelling. Another impact of SMIFH2 was shortening of the END BINDING1b (EB1b) and EB1c comets on the growing microtubule plus ends in N. tabacum tissue culture cells and Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon epidermis cells. The shape of the EB1 comets in the SMIFH2-treated cells resembled that of the knockdown mutant of plant Xenopus Microtubule-Associated protein of 215 kDa (XMAP215) homolog MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION 1/GEMINI 1 (MOR1/GEM1). This outcome suggests that formins promote elongation of tubulin flares on the growing plus ends. Formins AtFH1 (A. thaliana Formin Homology 1) and AtFH8 can also interact with EB1. Besides cytokinesis, formins function in the mitotic spindle assembly and metaphase to anaphase transition. Our data suggest that during cytokinesis formins function in: (1) promoting microtubule polymerization; (2) nucleating F-actin at the cell plate; (3) retaining dynamin-related proteins at the cell plate; and (4) remodeling of the cell plate membrane.
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Gao, Lina, and Anthony Bretscher. "Polarized Growth in Budding Yeast in the Absence of a Localized Formin." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 10 (May 15, 2009): 2540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e09-03-0194.
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Polarity is achieved partly through the localized assembly of the cytoskeleton. During growth in budding yeast, the bud cortex and neck localized formins Bni1p and Bnr1p nucleate and assemble actin cables that extend along the bud-mother axis, providing tracks for secretory vesicle delivery. Localized formins are believed to determine the location and polarity of cables, hence growth. However, yeast expressing the nonlocalized actin nucleating/assembly formin homology (FH) 1-FH2 domains of Bnr1p or Bni1p as the sole formin grow well. Although cables are significantly disorganized, analysis of directed transport of secretory vesicles is still biased toward the bud, reflecting a bias in correctly oriented cables, thereby permitting polarized growth. Myosin II, localized at the bud neck, contributes to polarized growth as a mutant unable to interact with F-actin further compromises growth in cells with an unlocalized formin but not with a localized formin. Our results show that multiple mechanisms contribute to cable orientation and polarized growth, with localized formins and myosin II being two major contributors.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Formina2"
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Marchiori, Ana Carolina [UNESP]. "Diversidade e evolução na simbiose entre bactérias e formigas Attini." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110397.
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As formigas da tribo Attini são conhecidas pelo hábito de cultivar fungos mutualistas (Basidiomycota) em uma variedade de materiais coletados para formar o que é chamado de jardim de fungo. Este hábito teve início há cerca de 50 milhões de anos na América do Sul e deu origem a cinco tipos de agricultura, que diferem no tipo de fungo e material coletado. As attíneas utilizam os jardins de fungos como fonte de nutrientes e enzimas, os quais são produzidos não somente pelo fungo mutualista, mas também por outros microrganismos presentes no ninho. Portanto, para as formigas e fungos terem acesso a nutrientes são necessárias associações com outros microrganismos. Estudos das comunidades microbianas associadas às formigas Attini, na maioria das vezes, estão relacionados aos jardins de fungo e objetivam explorar os mecanismos de degradação da biomassa vegetal. Informações sobre a microbiota associada ao corpo das formigas e sua função ainda são insuficientes. As attíneas dependem dos simbiontes para sua nutrição e proteção contra parasitas. Mas alguns desses microrganismos são ameaças às formigas e outros parecem ser apenas comensais. No presente trabalho, as bactérias associadas às formigas Attini Atta laevigata, Trachymyrmex urichi eMycocepurus goeldii foram identificadas por métodos independentes de cultivo e um cenário no qual a evolução das formigas Attini é moldada pela interação com estes microrganismos foi proposto. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um protocolo de lavagem das formigas para eliminar bactérias externas e ser utilizado para amostrar os microrganismos do interior das formigas. Os resultados mostraram diferenças entre as comunidades bacterianas abrigadas pelas formigas Attini estudadas. A discriminação de bactérias internas e externas ao corpo das formigas foi possível devido à padronização e aplicação do protocolo de lavagem desenvolvido. Foi descoberto que nos intestinos da Attini mais basal M. goeldii predomina uma única espécie de Spiroplasma. No entanto, durante a evolução, esta bactéria foi progressivamente substituída por duas espécies de Rhizobiales no intestino da attínea filogeneticamente intermediária T. urichi, e finalmente uma única espécie de Rhizobiales prevaleceu como a espécie bacteriana única nos intestinos da formiga cortadeira mais derivada A. laevigata. As cortadeiras também carregam em suas cutículas, quantidades consideráveis de Acetobacter. Rhizobiales e Acetobacter pertencem a grupos de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio. Assim, é concebível que a especialização em mutualistas fixadores de nitrogênio possa ter desempenhado um papel no aumento do tamanho da população e do tamanho do corpo ao longo da evolução das formigas Attini. O aumento da população pode estar associado com o aumento nas taxas de infecção, mas esta tendência foi aparentemente compensada pela alta complexidade social das cortadeiras e pela manutenção de espécies de Burkholderiales e Actinomycetales, encontradas na sua cutícula. Estas bactérias produtoras de antibióticos podem ter assumido o papel protetor que está atribuído a Pseudonocardiaceae nas demais espécies de Attini. Também foi detectada uma associação com espécies de Wolbachia que parecem ser mutualistas e externas ao corpo das attíneas, provavelmente nas cutículas. Esta associação pode ter iniciado na Attini mais basal, se especializado na intermediária, mas foi perdida na mais derivada. As associações mutualistas parecem ser recentes e ter se originado a partir de uma única aquisição das fixadoras de nitrogênio e múltiplas aquisições de bactérias que produzem antibióticos.
Ants of the Attini tribe are known for the habit of cultivating mutualistic fungi (Basidiomycota) on a variety of harvested materials to form what is called the fungus garden. This habit originated approximately 50 million years ago in South America and gave rise to five agricultural systems, which differ in the type of fungus and collected material. Attine ants utilize the fungus garden as a source of nutrients and enzymes, which are not only produced by the mutualistic fungus, but also by other microbes present in the garden. Therefore, for ants and fungi have access to these nutrients associations with other microorganisms became necessary. Studies of microbial community associated with attine ants are mostly related to the fungus gardens and aim to explore the mechanisms of plant biomass degradation. Information on the microbiota associated with the body of ants and its function are still lacking. Attine ants rely on microbial symbionts for nutrition and protection against parasites. On the other hand, some microbes threatens these ants and others appear to be only commensals. In this work, the bacteria associated with the attine ants Atta laevigata, Trachymyrmex urichi and Mycocepurus goeldii were identified by culture-independent methods and a scenario in which the evolution of attine ants is shaped by the interaction with these microorganisms has been proposed. In the present study a washing protocol was also developed to remove external bacteria, and used to sample microorganisms living inside the ants and possibly other insects. The results showed differences between the bacterial communities harbored by the attine ants studied. Discrimination of internal and external ants’ body bacteria was possible due to the standardization and application of the developed washing protocol. It was observed that the intestines of most basal attine M. goeldii are dominated by a single species of Spiroplasma. However, during the attine ants’ evolution, this bacterium was progressively replaced by two Rhizobiales species in the gut of the phylogenetically intermediate T. urichi, and finally a single species of Rhizobiales prevailed as the unique bacterial species in the gut of the most derived leaf-cutter ant A. laevigata. Leaf-cutters also harbor on their cuticles considerable amounts of Acetobacter sp. Both Rhizobiales and Acetobactersp. species are in the group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Thus, it is conceivable that specialization in nitrogen-fixing mutualists may have played a role in increasing population and body size during Attini evolution. A larger population is thought to be associated with increases in infection rates, but this tendency was apparently counterbalanced by high social complexity of leaf-cutters and by the maintenance of Burkholderiales and Actinomycetales species, which we only found in the cuticle of ants. These antibiotic-producing bacteria may have assumed the protective role that is currently attributed to Pseudonocardiaceae in the remaining Attini species. We also detected an association with cuticular Wolbachia mutualists, which may have begun in the more primitive Attini, then specialized in the intermediate ones, and finally being lost in the more derived leaf-cutters. Mutualistic associations appear to be recent and originated from a single acquisition of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and multiple acquisitions of antibiotic producing microbes.
FAPESP: 09/09258-5
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Marchiori, Ana Carolina. "Diversidade e evolução na simbiose entre bactérias e formigas Attini /." Rio Claro, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110397.
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Orientador: Maurício Bacci JúniorBanca: André Rodrigues
Banca: Henrique Ferreira
Banca: Fernando Dini Andreote
Banca: Richard Ian Samuels
Resumo: As formigas da tribo Attini são conhecidas pelo hábito de cultivar fungos mutualistas (Basidiomycota) em uma variedade de materiais coletados para formar o que é chamado de jardim de fungo. Este hábito teve início há cerca de 50 milhões de anos na América do Sul e deu origem a cinco tipos de agricultura, que diferem no tipo de fungo e material coletado. As attíneas utilizam os jardins de fungos como fonte de nutrientes e enzimas, os quais são produzidos não somente pelo fungo mutualista, mas também por outros microrganismos presentes no ninho. Portanto, para as formigas e fungos terem acesso a nutrientes são necessárias associações com outros microrganismos. Estudos das comunidades microbianas associadas às formigas Attini, na maioria das vezes, estão relacionados aos jardins de fungo e objetivam explorar os mecanismos de degradação da biomassa vegetal. Informações sobre a microbiota associada ao corpo das formigas e sua função ainda são insuficientes. As attíneas dependem dos simbiontes para sua nutrição e proteção contra parasitas. Mas alguns desses microrganismos são ameaças às formigas e outros parecem ser apenas comensais. No presente trabalho, as bactérias associadas às formigas Attini Atta laevigata, Trachymyrmex urichi e Mycocepurus goeldii foram identificadas por métodos independentes de cultivo e um cenário no qual a evolução das formigas Attini é moldada pela interação com estes microrganismos foi proposto. Além disso, foi desenvolvido um protocolo de lavagem das formigas para eliminar bactérias externas e ser utilizado para amostrar os microrganismos do interior das formigas. Os resultados mostraram diferenças entre as comunidades bacterianas abrigadas pelas formigas Attini estudadas. A discriminação de bactérias internas e externas ao corpo das formigas foi possível devido à... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Ants of the Attini tribe are known for the habit of cultivating mutualistic fungi (Basidiomycota) on a variety of harvested materials to form what is called the fungus garden. This habit originated approximately 50 million years ago in South America and gave rise to five agricultural systems, which differ in the type of fungus and collected material. Attine ants utilize the fungus garden as a source of nutrients and enzymes, which are not only produced by the mutualistic fungus, but also by other microbes present in the garden. Therefore, for ants and fungi have access to these nutrients associations with other microorganisms became necessary. Studies of microbial community associated with attine ants are mostly related to the fungus gardens and aim to explore the mechanisms of plant biomass degradation. Information on the microbiota associated with the body of ants and its function are still lacking. Attine ants rely on microbial symbionts for nutrition and protection against parasites. On the other hand, some microbes threatens these ants and others appear to be only commensals. In this work, the bacteria associated with the attine ants Atta laevigata, Trachymyrmex urichi and Mycocepurus goeldii were identified by culture-independent methods and a scenario in which the evolution of attine ants is shaped by the interaction with these microorganisms has been proposed. In the present study a washing protocol was also developed to remove external bacteria, and used to sample microorganisms living inside the ants and possibly other insects. The results showed differences between the bacterial communities harbored by the attine ants studied. Discrimination of internal and external ants' body bacteria was possible due to the standardization and application of the developed washing protocol. It was observed that the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Jesus, Carlos Massuretti de [UNESP]. "Utilização de alimentos contendo substâncias lipídicas e açucaradas por formigas urbanas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99534.
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A capacidade de obtenção de alimento pelas formigas tem um impacto direto no crescimento e na reprodução da colônia. A forma de utilização dos alimentos, a atividade das glândulas anexas e os órgãos do sistema digestório são fatores importantes para avaliar e entender o padrão alimentar de um determinado grupo. Sendo que estes fatores permitem identificar os possíveis locais onde ocorre a digestão e a absorção do alimento. Assim, o objetivo do presente projeto foi analisar comparativamente o trajeto e acúmulo de diferentes tipos de alimentos no interior do sistema digestório de quatro espécies de formigas, pertencentes a três das principais subfamílias que ocorrem em áreas urbanizadas no Brasil. Para tal, corantes com solubilidades específicas para água ou lipídeos foram incorporados em dietas sólidas e líquidas, e oferecidos às colônias. Em intervalos regulares, após a ingestão dos alimentos, as operárias foram dissecadas e observado e avaliado a localização dos marcadores no interior do seu sistema digestório. Os resultados encontrados permitiram concluir que o padrão de utilização das fontes alimentares é basicamente o mesmo para as espécies de formigas utilizadas. Os carboidratos são consumidos após um período menor de jejum quando comparados aos lipídeos, ao passo que as dietas líquidas são ingeridas em maior quantidade que as sólidas. Além disso, o trajeto percorrido pelos alimentos contendo as substâncias hidrossolúveis no interior do sistema digestório das operárias compreende a cavidade infrabucal, papo e ventrículo. Por outro lado, os alimentos contendo as substâncias lipídicas passam pela cavidade infrabucal, glândulas pós-faríngeas e papo; mas nunca foram encontrados no ventrículo.
The capacity of ants to obtain food has direct impacts on reproduction and colony growth. The different forms to use food, the annexed glands and digestive tract organs are important factors to evaluate and understand the alimentary patterns of ants. These patterns allow us to identify the possible places where the digestion and absorption of food occurs. Then, the objective of present study were analyze the distribution and accumulation of different types of food inside the digestory system of workers of four ant species, belonging to three main families that occur in Brazilian urbanized areas. For this, dyes with specific solubility in water or lipids were incorporated in solid and liquid diets, being offered to the colonies. At regularly periods of time, after ingestion of diets, the workers were dissected and the localization of dyes registered and analyzed. Our results suggests that the pattern in food utilization is basically the same to all species tested. Carbohydrates were consumed after a minor period of starvation, when compared to lipids, and liquid diets were ingested in greater quantities than solid diets. Moreover, carbohydrates entered the infrabucal pocket, crop and midgut. In the other hand, diets containing lipids passed trough infrabucal cavity, post-pharyngeal glands and crop, but they don't reach the midgut.
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Diniz, Eduardo Arrivabene [UNESP]. "Evolução dos comportamentos de preparação do substrato para o cultivo do fungo simbionte e cuidados com a cria, rainha e alados em formigas da tribo Attini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106563.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da evolução dos comportamentos de preparação do substrato, cuidado com a cria e cuidado com a rainha e alados em formigas cultivadoras de fungo. Estas formigas pertencem à tribo Attini, subfamília Myrmicinae, e ocorrem exclusivamente no continente americano. Esta tribo contém aproximadamente 230 espécies, porém pouco se conhece da biologia da maioria delas, graças ao fato de serem extremamente crípticas e de não apresentarem importância econômica, como as formigas cortadeiras, que são as mais estudadas. Foram utilizadas seis espécies, que representam bem os diversos níveis da filogenia da tribo: Acromyrmex disciger, Apterostigma pilosum, Mycetarotes parallelus, Myrmicocrypta sp., Trachymyrmex fuscus e Trachymyrmex sp. nov. Os comportamentos foram estudados em ninhos mantidos em laboratório, com o auxílio de micro-câmeras e um aparelho gravador de vídeo. Os comportamentos foram analisados, caracterizados e quantificados. Os resultados foram divididos em três capítulos de acordo com o tipo de comportamento. No capítulo sobre a evolução dos comportamentos de preparação do substrato foi observado que, basicamente, o processo evoluiu no sentido de aumentar a capacidade das operárias em decompor inicialmente o substrato. As espécies basais, A. pilosum, M. parallelus e Myrmicocrypta sp. apresentaram um processamento mais simples com um número menor de comportamentos e principalmente sem os comportamentos do tratamento químico, que é responsável pela fragmentação do substrato ao mesmo tempo em que ele é tratado com enzimas digestivas. As duas espécies do gênero Trachymyrmex apresentaram um processo mais complexo com grande participação do tratamento químico. Em A. disciger, que é uma cortadeira, há uma intensa especialização do sistema de castas para o aumento da eficiência...
This work aims to study the evolution of the behaviors of substrate preparation, brood, queen and winged forms care in fungus growing ants. These ants are included in the tribe Attini, subfamily Myrmicinae, and occur exclusively in the american continent. This tribe contains approximately 230 species, but little is known about the biology of most of them, tanks to the fact that they show very cryptic habits and are not economically important, like the leaf cutting ants, which are the most studied. Six species were used in this work, which represent well all the levels of the phylogeny of the tribe: Acromyrmex disciger, Apterostigma pilosum, Mycetarotes parallelus, Myrmicocrypta sp., Trachymyrmex fuscus and Trachymyrmex sp. Nov. The behaviors were studied in laboratory nests, with a set of micro cameras and a video recording device. The behaviors were analyzed, characterized and quantified. The results were summarized and discussed in tree chapters, arranged by type of behavior. In the chapter about the evolution of the substrate preparation behaviors, basically it is assumed that this process evolved in order to develop the capacity of previously decompose the substrate by the workers. In the basal species, A. pilosum, M. parallelus and Myrmicocrypta sp. this process is very simple with a small number of behaviors and principally without the behaviors of chemical treatment, which are responsible for the fragmentation of the substrate as it is treated by with digestive enzymes. In the two species of the genus Trachymyrmex, the process became more complex and showed a greater participation of these behaviors. A. disciger, witch is a leaf cutting ant, showed an extensive specialization of physical castes in all the phases of the process which elevated it’s efficiency. In the chapter about the evolution of the behaviors of brood care... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Oliveira, Maria de Fátima Souza dos Santos de [UNESP]. "Controle de formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) com produtos naturais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106538.
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O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos óleos brutos de Carapa guianensis Aubl. (andiroba), Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (dendê), Sesamum indicum L. (gergelim), Ricinus communis L. (mamona), Azadirachta indica Juss (nim), Theobroma cacao L. (cacau), Anacardium occidentale L. (caju) e dos extratos de Anacardium occidentale no controle de formigas cortadeiras, utilizando como alvo a espécie Atta sexdens rubropilosa. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nos testes de toxicidade, alguns óleos brutos e extratos foram selecionados para serem incorporados em iscas ou aplicados por nebulização e testados em colônias de laboratório. Os óleos brutos e extratos mais eficientes no controle dessas colônias foram selecionados para testes de campo. Os resultados obtidos nos testes permitiram selecionar os óleos brutos de C. guianensis, E. guineensis, S. indicum, R. communis, A. indica, A. occidentale e os extratos hexânico, diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanólico de A. occidentale para serem aplicados por nebulização e os óleos brutos de E. guineensis, A. indica e A. occidentale para serem incorporados em iscas e testados em colônias de laboratório. Em colônias de laboratório, a nebulização com os óleos brutos de C. guianensis, E. guineensis, S. indicum, R. communis e A. indica não causaram efeitos deletérios nas colônias e, portanto, não devem ser indicados como produtos nebulizáveis no controle de formigas cortadeiras. No entanto, o óleo bruto e os extratos hexânico, diclorometano, acetato de etila e metanólico de A. occidentale propiciaram a extinção das colônias. As iscas contendo óleos brutos de E. guineensis, A. indica e A. occidentale não causaram nenhum efeito nas colônias e, portanto, não devem ser indicadas para o controle de formigas cortadeiras. O óleo bruto de A. occidentale foi testado em colônias de campo de Atta sexdens rubropilosa e Atta bisphaerica por meio da termonebulização e da nebuli
The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of crude oils of Carapa guianensis Aubl. (crabwood), Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (African oil palm), Sesamum indicum L. (sesame), Ricinus communis L. (castor beans), Azadirachta indica Juss (neem), Theobroma cacao L. (cocoa), Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew nut) and crude extracts of Anacardium occidentale on leafcutting ants control, using Atta sexdens rubropilosa as model. Toxicity bioassays with ant workers were done using: 1) treatments by incorporation of crude oils or extracts in artificial diet and 2) treatments by topic application of crude oils or extracts on the ants pronotum. According to obtained results in toxicity tests, some crude oils and extracts were select to be incorporated in baits or applied by nebulization and tested on laboratory colonies. The crude oils or extracts more efficient on laboratory colonies control were tested on field grown up colonies. The obtained results in all toxicity tests permitted to select crude oils of C. guianensis, E. guineensis, S. indicum, R. communis, A. indica, A. occidentale and hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of A. occidentale to be applied by nebulization and crude oils of E. guineensis, A. indica and A. occidentale to be incorporated in baits and tested on laboratory colonies. On laboratory colonies, the nebulization with crude oils of C. guianensis, E. guineensis, S. indicum, R. communis and A. indica didn't cause any effect on colonies. Therefore, these crude oils don't must be used to leaf-cutting ants control. However, crude oil and hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of A. occidentale propitiated the extinction of colonies. The E. guineensis, A. indica and A. occidentale baits didn't any cause effect on colonies hence it follows that these baits don't must be used to leaf-cutting ant's control.
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Rando, Jael Simões Santos [UNESP]. "Ocorrência de espécies de Atta Fabricius, 1804 e Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865 em algumas regiões do Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105455.
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rando_jss_dr_botfca.pdf: 3081622 bytes, checksum: ace02e72737d4f6ac3d78fb6c3f7e0fa (MD5)Este trabalho é o resultado de coletas realizadas pelo profo Dr. Luiz Carlos Forti nos anos de 1993 e 1994 em vários municípios dos Estados de Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Acre, Amapá, Amazonas e também Guiana Francesa e Paraguai, com o objetivo de atualizar a distribuição geográfica das formigas cortadeiras de folhas dos gêneros Atta Fabricius, 1804 e Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865. Nos diversos municípios foram feitos transectos localizados ao acaso e, sempre que possível, coletou-se dados sobre densidade de colônias, tipos de vegetação e exemplares de formigas dos dois gêneros para posterior exame no laboratório de Insetos Sociais-Praga da FCA/UNESP, Botucatu-SP. Além dos dados relativos aos 11 Estados do Brasil, incluiu-se o resultado das identificações de exemplares recebidos de diversos locais e datas para o referido laboratório. Concluiu-se que A. laevigata e A. capiguara foram as espécies encontradas em maior número de municípios amostrados do Brasil. A. sexdens piriventris somente foi encontrada na região sul do Brasil, com grande predomínio nos Estados de Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul. A região Sudeste se caracterizou pela ocorrência de A. capiguara e A. laevigata, nesta ordem, sendo que em Minas Gerais, a espécie de maior ocorrência foi A. laevigata. A. capiguara também se destacou no Estado do Paraná. A. capiguara predominou em áreas cobertas por gramíneas e A. laevigata não apresentou preferência destacada quanto a cobertura vegetal. A. laevigata ocorreu de forma generalizada nas regiões Centro-Oeste e Norte do Brasil. A. sexdens rubropilosa esteve presente em todas as regiões do Brasil, com predominância nos Estados do Paraná e Minas Gerais.....
This work is the result of collects, done by professor Luiz Carlos Forti between years 1993 and 1994, in many cities on States of Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Acre, Amapá, Amazonas in Brazil and also Guiana Francesa and Paraguay, with the purpose to obtain an up-to-date geographical distribution of leaf cutting ants from genus Atta Fabricius, 1804 and Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865. Among cities it were done, on randomized areas, when it was possible, data collections as: colony densities, kind of vegetation and ants specimens from both genus for later laboratory tests at Insetos Sociais-Praga da FCA/UNESP, Botucatu-São Paulo State. Beyond data, related to eleven states of Brazil, it were include yet, in this work, results of specimens identification from different places and dates, received for identifications to mentioned laboratory. It was conclude that A. laevigata Smith, 1858 e A. capiguara Gonçalves, 1944 were species found on higher number of randomized cities in Brasil. A. sexdens piriventris Santschi, 1919 was found only at South region in Brazil, in States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. In Southwest region were found A. capiguara and A. laevigata, by this order but, in Minas Gerais State, higher frequency was of A. laevigata. A. capiguara had detached in Paraná State too, higher on areas of grassland. A. laevigata had no detached preference of vegetal covering and occurred, as general way, at regions of Middle-West and North of Brazil. A. sexdens rubropilosa Forel, 1908 was found at all regions of Brasil, with supremacy at States of Paraná and Minas Gerais. It were observed at first time occurrences of A. laevigata in States of Amapá and Rio Grande do Sul. It was registered, at first time too, occurrence of A. opaciceps Borgmeier, 1939 in State of Alagoas...(Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
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Lizidatti, Conceição Silva [UNESP]. "Biologia, arquitetura de ninhos e coleta de substratos no cerrado por formigas cultivadoras de fungo, Trachymyrmex holmgreni Wheeler, 1925 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Attini)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87659.
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lizidatti_cs_me_sjrp.pdf: 2351712 bytes, checksum: 4800b528eef1b075b69282c73df75af0 (MD5)O pouco estudado gênero Trachymyrmex Forel (1893) é composto por formigas geralmente pequenas, de comportamento críptico, e ninhos geralmente com aberturas especializadas. A taxonomia do gênero ainda é precária: muitos espécimes não estão identificados devido à complexidade taxonômica dos grupos. As revisões recentes de Mayhé-Nunes e Brandão (2002; 2005) têm contribuído para o conhecimento desse gênero, mas muitas espécies ainda necessitam ser descritas. A biologia de muitas espécies, como a coleta de substratos para o cultivo do fungo e a arquitetura dos ninhos, é desconhecida, principalmente tratando-se das espécies do Cerrado. O estudo foi realizado em uma parte da Reserva Legal da Fazenda do Lageado, fragmento de cerrado strictu sensu, situada a 10 Km da cidade de Jataí, GO (17° 52 57 S e 51º 38 10 O). Foram encontrados 10 ninhos de T. holmgreni, em uma área de 1.280 m2. Esta espécie tem ampla distribuição geográfica no centro e sudeste do Brasil, mas foi considerada rara na área de estudo, onde seus ninhos apresentaram densidade equivalente a 0,008 ninhos /mø. Seis ninhos foram marcados para o monitoramento das colônias de julho a dezembro de 2004 e quatro escavados para coleta de dados sobre arquitetura e análise populacional. Os ninhos de T. holmgreni apresentam cratera, entrada guarnecida por torre de fragmentos vegetais (torre de palha) e um fosso escavado nas proximidades. Além da biologia de T. holmgreni foram listadas outras 4 espécies de Trachymyrmex coletadas no fragmento de cerrado strictu sensu. O material coletado pertence a três grupos distintos. Trachymyrmex grupo Iheringi (T. holmgreni), que exibe lobo projetado próximo à base do escapo antenal, Trachymyrmex grupo opulentus (T. dichrous), caracterizado pela fina pubescência especialmente visível nos fêmures posteriores e Trachymyrmex grupo urichi (T. fuscus)...
Trachymyrmex Forel 1893, a not well studied genus, is generally composed by small ants with cryptic behavior, and nests that usually have specialized openings. The taxonomy of the genus is still precarious: many specimens are not yet identified due to the taxonomic complexity of the groups. Recent revisions by Mayhé-Nunes and Brandão have been contributing to the knowledge of the genus, but several species need to be described. The biology of the most species, as the collection of substrata for fungi cultivation and nest architecture, is unknown, especially those species from Brazilian savanna. The study was performed in a Legal Reserve from Fazenda Lageado, a fragment of strictu sensu Brazilian savanna, placed 10 km from Jataí city, GO (17° 52 ' 57 S and 51st 38 ' 10 W). It was found 10 nests of T. holmgreni, in an area of 1.280 m2. This species has a wide geographical distribution between central and southeastern Brazil, but was considered rare in the study area where their nests presented density equivalent to 0,008 nests /mø. Six nests were marked for colony monitoring, from July to December 2004, and four of them were dug for data collection on nest architecture and population structure. The nests of T. holmgreni present a crater, an entrance garnished by tower of vegetable fragments (tower of straws) and a ditch, dug in the proximities. Besides the biology of T. holmgreni, it was found other 4 species of Trachymyrmex, collected in the Brazilian savanna fragment. The collected material belonged to three different groups: the group Iheringi (T. holmgreni), that exhibits a projected lobe close to the base of the antennal escape, the group opulentus (T. dichrous), characterized by the fine pubescence especially visible in the posterior femurs and the group urichi (T. fuscus), for presenting angular projections in the occipital sides... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
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Soares, Eduardo Calixto. "Interação formiga-planta: impacto da variação na oferta de néctar extrafloral sobre o forrageamento de formigas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-15092015-223749/.
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As plantas, produtores da base das cadeias tróficas, apresentam diversos tipos de defesas contra a ação de consumidores, os herbívoros, podendo ser defesas físicas, químicas e bióticas. Nas defesas bióticas, plantas fornecem recursos alimentares (e.g. néctar extrafloral) e/ou moradia para predadores que em troca podem fornecer proteção contra herbívoros. Assim, a partir de comportamentos agressivos e/ou de patrulha, formigas são consideradas os principais protetores de plantas. Nessa perspectiva, a presente dissertação buscou investigar a influência que o néctar extrafloral tem sob a interação formiga-planta em uma área de Cerrado. O estudo foi realizado na Reserva Ecológica do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia, no município de Uberlândia, MG, em uma área com fitofisionomia de cerrado sentido restrito. A espécie de planta utilizada neste estudo foi Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae), uma das espécies mais abundantes do Cerrado, a qual apresenta nectários extraflorais (NEFs) na base do pecíolo foliar e nas inflorescências. Nossas hipóteses principais foram: a) que formigas visitantes dos NEFs de Q. multiflora impactam positivamente a planta, reduzindo a ação de herbívoros; b) que essas interações formigas-plantas são modificadas ao longo do desenvolvimento fenológico das folhas das plantas; c) que diferentes níveis de herbivoria nas plantas produzem também diferentes reações nas formigas visitantes; e d) que diferentes estruturas das plantas apresentam diferentes níveis de defesas. Os resultados demonstrados no Capítulo 1 comprovam que a herbivoria foliar em Q. multiflora foi baixa e similar nos diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento da folha, mostrando que as defesas expressas pela planta são eficientes. Das três defesas foliares avaliadas durante o desenvolvimento foliar, observou-se que a densidade de tricomas apresenta pico de efetividade no início do desenvolvimento, a defesa biótica (produtividade dos NEFs) apresenta pico de efetividade no período intermediário do desenvolvimento, e a dureza foliar apresenta pico de efetividade no período em que a folha já está adulta. Esses resultados comprovam a eficiência da variação temporal nas defesas foliares de Q. multiflora, o que interfere diretamente na interação formiga-planta. No Capítulo 2, foi mostrado que NEFs localizados em inflorescências produzem néctar mais volumoso e energético que atrai maior quantidade de formigas comparado ao néctar produzido pelos NEFs foliares. A produtividade e a atratividade dos NEFs, assim como o forrageamento de formigas, também foram afetados por variações na herbivoria (simulada experimentalmente). Esses resultados demonstram que Q. multiflora sincroniza suas defesas foliares ao longo do tempo garantindo a proteção contra herbívoros e que essas defesas (como evidenciado para defesa biótica) podem ser alteradas de acordo com o valor e probabilidade de ataque de suas estruturas.Plants, producers of food chains, have different types of defenses against action of consumers, herbivores, which can be physical, chemical and biotic defenses. In biotic defenses, plants provide food resources (e.g. extrafloral nectar) and/or shelter for predators, which in turn may provide protection against herbivores. Thus, from patrol and/or aggressive behavior, ants are considered main plants protectors. From this perspective, the present work aimed to investigate the influence that extrafloral nectar has under ant-plant interaction in an area of Cerrado. The study was conducted in Reserva Ecológica do Clube Caça e Pesca Itororó de Uberlândia, in Uberlândia, MG, in an area with cerrado stricto sensu vegetation. The plant species used was Qualea multiflora (Vochysiaceae), one of the most abundant species of Cerrado, which has extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) at the base of leaf petiole and in inflorescences. Our main assumptions were: a) EFNs visitors ants of Q. multiflora positively impact the plant reducing the herbivore action; b) these ants-plants interactions are modified along the phenological development of plant leaves; c) different herbivory levels in plants produce different reactions in visitors ants; and d) different plant structures have different defenses levels. Results presented in Chapter 1 show that foliar herbivore in Q. multiflora was low and similar to different stages of leaf development, showing that expressed plant defenses are effective. Of the three foliar defenses evaluated during leaf development, it was observed that density of trichomes presents effectiveness peak in early development, biotic defense (EFNs productivity) in intermediated period of development and leaf toughness in the period in which the leaf is adult. These results show the efficacy of temporal variation in foliar defenses in Q. multiflora, which directly affects ant-plant interaction. In Chapter 2, it was shown that EFNs located in inflorescences produce nectar more quantitative and qualitative, which attract large amount of ants, than EFNs located in leaves. EFNs productivity and attractiveness, as well as ants foraging, were also influenced by herbivory variation (experimentally simulated). These results show that Q. multiflora synchronizes its leaf defenses over time ensuring protection against herbivores and that these defenses (as evidenced for biotic defense) can be changed according to value and attack probability of their structures.
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Maradini, Ana Carolina. "Interação Formiga-Planta: As formigas diminuem os herbívoros presentes nas plantas de Qualea grandiflora no Cerrado." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3986.
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Several species of plants in the Cerrado have extrafloral nectaries (EFNs), which produce secretions consumed by diverse species of ants. Ants foraging in plants and feeding on EFNs may act as important anti herbivore agents, decreasing phytophagous insects in the plants and the herbivory in the leaves. The aim of this study was to test if ants foraging on EFNs s plants decrease the number of herbivores in these plants. For this, was tested the hypothesis that the increase on the species richness and abundance of ants, cause a decrease in the herbivory, species richness and abundance of herbivores and proportion of guilds of herbivores. Sampling was performed in Panga Ecological Station, which lies between the cities of Uberlândia and Campo Florido, and possesses vegetation of several phytophysiognomies found in Cerrado biome. Plants of Qualea grandiflora were studied in three phytophysiognomies, Cerradão, Cerrado Strictu Senso and Campo Cerrado. According to the results, richness of ants did not influence in the decreasing of the herbivores and herbivory, however, it influenced the decrease of the proportion of chewing insects. In the other hand the abundance of ants promoted significant decrease of herbivores in Cerradão and Campo Cerrado, although in Cerrado Strictu Senso the relation has been opposite. The results also indicate that the abundance of sucking herbivores was higher in the Cerrado Strictu Senso regarding Cerradão and Campo Cerrado, indicating the possibility of interaction between the ants and the hemíptera that release honeydew. Futhermore the spatial and temporal differenciation between ants and herbivores in Cerrado Strictu Senso may also explain the result in this phytophysiognomy. The rate of herbivory in leaves did not suffer influence of the presence of ants possibly because the effect of foliar herbivory occurs only in long term and the sampling were made only in January, so that herbivory was underestimated compared to herbivores. The maturity of the leaves may also have influenced the response, because the younger leaves are more vulnerable to the action of herbivores than the more mature leaves.
Muitas plantas no Cerrado possuem nectários extraflorais (NEFs), os quais produzem um néctar que é consumido por muitas espécies de formigas. As formigas que forrageiam nas plantas e se alimentam dos nectários podem atuar como importantes agentes anti-herbívoros, diminuindo a presença dos insetos fitófagos e, consequentemente, a herbivoria nas folhas. O objetivo desse estudo foi testar se as formigas que forrageiam nas plantas que contém NEFs, causam diminuição dos herbívoros e sua atividade nelas. Para isso foram testadas as hipóteses de que o aumento da riqueza e abundância de formigas causa um decréscimo na herbivoria, bem como na riqueza e abundância de herbívoros, e também na proporção de guildas de herbívoros. A coleta foi realizada na Estação Ecológica do Panga, que se situa entre as cidades de Uberlândia e Campo Florido, e possui vegetações dentro de várias fitofisionomias encontradas nos Cerrados. Foram utilizadas plantas da espécie Qualea grandiflora nesse estudo, marcadas em três fitofisionomias: Cerradão, Cerrado Strictu Senso e Campo Cerrado para a realização das coletas. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a riqueza de formigas não influenciou na diminuição dos herbívoros e da herbivoria, entretanto, influenciou na diminuição da proporção de insetos mastigadores nas plantas. Por outro lado, a abundância de formigas acarretou um decréscimo na abundância de herbívoros no Cerradão e Campo Cerrado, embora no Cerrado Strictu Senso, a relação tenha sido inversa. Os resultados indicam também que a abundância de herbívoros sugadores foi maior no Cerrado Strictu Senso em relação ao Cerradão e Campo Cerrado, indicando a possibilidade de interação entre as formigas e homópteras que liberam honeydew nessa fitofisionomia. Além disso, a diferenciação temporal e espacial das formigas e herbívoros no Cerrado Strictu Senso também pode explicar o resultado observado nessa fitofisionomia. A taxa de herbivoria nas folhas das plantas não sofreu influências da presença de formigas nas três fitofisionomias, possivelmente porque o efeito da herbivoria foliar ocorre somente em longo prazo e as coletas foram realizadas apenas durante o mês de janeiro, de forma que a herbivoria foi subestimada em relação aos herbívoros. A maturidade das folhas também pode ter influenciado na resposta, visto que folhas mais jovens são mais vulneráveis à ação dos herbívoros do que as folhas mais maduras.
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Polezel, Daiane Raquel. "Fungos isolados de ninhos iniciais da formiga Atta sexdens rubropilosa : análise do potencial para biocontrole de formigas-cortadeiras /." Rio Claro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150431.
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Orientador: Fernando Carlos PagnoccaBanca: José Eduardo Marcondes de Almeida
Banca: Odair Correa Bueno
Resumo: Os gêneros de formigas-cortadeiras, Atta e Acromyrmex, mantém uma associação mutualística com o basidiomiceto Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, o qual é responsável pela produção de enzimas que degradam o material vegetal transportado para o interior dos ninhos. As formigas-cortadeiras são consideradas pragas devido a enorme quantidade de material vegetal que é cortada, principalmente em ambientes alterados por atividades antrópicas, como os locais de agricultura e reflorestamento. Devido à necessidade de manejo das formigascortadeiras, o controle biológico representa um método promissor e ambientalmente amigável. Nesse contexto, devido a íntima relação entre as formigas e o fungo mutualista, é de grande importância selecionar linhagens de fungos filamentosos que possam interferir negativamente sobre o jardim de fungos. No presente trabalho isolamos fungos filamentosos contaminantes de colônias iniciais da formiga Atta sexdens rubropilosa. Após o isolamento e identificação foram realizados testes para avaliar o crescimento desses fungos utilizando o jardim de fungos como substrato, e também as linhagens consideradas melhores nesse aspecto foram testadas em colônias completas. A combinação de dois fungos (Trichoderma harzianum e Trichoderma virens) mostrou-se promissora para prosseguimento nos testes e futuro uso no controle biológico. Adicionalmente, foi avaliada e secreção de compostos orgânicos voláteis através de análises GC/MS de três linhagens de fungos filamentosos após sete dias de crescimento em culturas individuais e também frente ao fungo mutualista. Ainda, utilizando a microscopia eletrônica de varredura, avaliamos como ocorre a interação do fungo R. variabilis frente ao fungo mutualista, demonstrando que o fungo R. variabilis possui caráter micoparasita ao interagir com o fungo mutualista
Abstract: The leaf-cutting ants, Atta and Acromyrmex, maintain a mutualistic association with the basidiomycete Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, which is responsible for the production of enzymes that degrade the plant material transported to the interior of the nests. The leafcutting ants are considered pests due to an enormous amount of plant material they cut, mainly at areas altered by anthropic activities, such as agricultural and reforestation sites. Due to the need for management of the leaf cutting ants, biological control represents a promising and environmentally friendly method. In this context, due to the close relationship between ants and mutual fungi, it is of great importance to select strains of filamentous fungi that negatively impact the fungus garden. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated lineages of filamentous fungi isolated from the initial colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa. After isolation and identification of the contaminants filamentous fungi, assays were carried out in order to determine the fungal growth of the most suitable lineages on the fungus garden of the lab colonies The combination of two fungi (Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma virens) was promising for the development of methods aiming at the biological control of leaf-cutting ants. Additionally, the production of volatile organic compounds was evaluated by the GC / MS analysis of three of the filamentous fungal strains after 7 days of growth in individual cultures, and also in the presence of the mutualistic fungus. Images of scanning electron microscopy were taken during the co-culture assays
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Books on the topic "Formina2"
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M, Caddell Robert, ed. Metal forming. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
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A, Howie R., and Zussman J, eds. Rock-forming minerals. 2nd ed. London: Geological Society, 1997.
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Berthoff, Ann E. Forming, thinking, writing. 2nd ed. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook Publishers, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Formina2"
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Olowinsky, Alexander. "Forming." In Tailored Light 2, 241–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01237-2_12.
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Gooch, Jan W. "Forming." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 322. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_5240.
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Kumar, Kaushik, Hridayjit Kalita, Divya Zindani, and J. Paulo Davim. "Forming." In Materials Forming, Machining and Tribology, 53–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21066-3_4.
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Appel, F., H. Kestler, and H. Clemens. "Forming." In Intermetallic Compounds - Principles and Practice, 617–42. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470845856.ch29.
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Rahaman, M. N. "Forming." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 18–20. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145333.ch14.
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Rosato, Donald V., and Dominick V. Rosato. "Forming." In Plastics Processing Data Handbook, 208–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9658-4_5.
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Beiss, P. "Spray forming and continuous forming." In Powder Metallurgy Data, 83–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/10689123_10.
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Lacam, Jean-Claude, and Alessandro Vella. "Formiae (Formia). Introduction." In Fana, templa, delubra. Corpus dei luoghi di culto dell'Italia antica (FTD) - 4, 47–57. Collège de France, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.cdf.4248.
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King, Alan G. "Forming." In Ceramic Technology and Processing, 134–216. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-081551443-5.50009-3.
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Elwyn, Glyn, Trisha Greenhalgh, Fraser Macfarlane, and Siân Koppel. "Forming." In Groups, 97–114. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315384375-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Formina2"
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Avrahami, Daniel, and Scott E. Hudson. "Forming interactivity." In the conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/778712.778735.
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Girard, Patrick, Zohir Benrabah, and Hicham Mir. "Controlling the Forming of Thermoplastics through Forming Power." In SAE 2013 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0602.
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Stoughton, Thomas B. "Stress-Based Forming Limits in Sheet Metal Forming." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1874.
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Abstract A strain-based forming limit criterion is widely used throughout the sheet metal forming industry to gauge the stability of the deformed material with respect to the development of a localized neck prior to fracture. This criterion is strictly valid only when the strain path is linear throughout the deformation process. There is significant data that shows a strong and complex dependence of the limit criterion on the strain path. Unfortunately, the strain path is never linear in secondary forming and hydro-forming processes. Furthermore, the path is often found to be non-linear in localized critical areas in the first draw die. Therefore, the conventional practice of using a path-independent strain-based forming limit criterion often leads to erroneous assessments of forming severity. Recently it has been reported that a stress-based forming limit criterion appears to exhibit no strain-path dependencies. Subsequently, it has been suggested that this effect is not real, but is due to the saturation of the stress-strain relation. This paper will review and compare the strain-based and stress-based forming limit criteria, looking at a number of factors that are involved in the definition of the stress-based forming limit, including the role of the stress-strain relation.
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Dang, T., L. M. Tebaay, S. Gies, and A. E. Tekkaya. "Multiple forming tools in incremental forming – Influence of the forming strategies on sheet contour." In ESAFORM 2016: Proceedings of the 19th International ESAFORM Conference on Material Forming. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4963462.
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Cheng, Wang, Li Jianhua, and Lu Chenghui. "Study on Forming Process of Stretch Forming Lattice Structure." In 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Aided Education (ICISCAE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciscae52414.2021.9590653.
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Magee, J., K. G. Watkins, and T. Hennige. "Symmetrical laser forming." In ICALEO® ‘97: Proceedings of the Laser Applications in the Medical Devices Industry Conference. Laser Institute of America, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5059287.
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Matson, Rebecca. "Re-forming information." In the 19th annual international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/501516.501540.
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Schuocker, Dieter. "Laser-assisted forming." In High-Power Laser Ablation III. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.407342.
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Alotaibi, T., B. M. Novac, P. Senior, I. R. Smith, V. Nekouie, A. Roy, and V. Silberschmidt. "Magneto-forming studies." In 2017 IEEE 21st International Conference on Pulsed Power (PPC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppc.2017.8291316.
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Vanier, Luc, Hank Kaczmarski, and Lance Chong. "Forming the dots." In the SIGGRAPH 2003 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/965400.965530.
Full textReports on the topic "Formina2"
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Blue, C. A., V. K. Sikka, Jung-Hoon Chun, and T. Ando. Uniform-droplet spray forming. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/494112.
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Switzner, Nathan, and Dick Henry. Spin-forming Project Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/952564.
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Chow, T. S., T. A. Biesiada, A. Sunwoo, J. Long, T. Anklam, and S. W. Kang. Uranium alloy forming process research. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/507837.
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Rhee, M., R. Becker, R. Couch, and M. Li. Modeling Production Plant Forming Processes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918410.
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MacCallum, Danny O'Neill, Chung-Nin Channy Wong, Gerald Albert Knorovsky, Michele D. Steyskal, Tom Lehecka, William Mark Scherzinger, and Jeremy Andrew Palmer. Laser based micro forming and assembly. US: Sandia National Laboratories, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899077.
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Kohler, Leslie K., Louis F. Aprigliano, and A. S. Rao. Spray Forming Iron Based Amorphous Metals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418501.
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McHugh, K. Spray forming lead strip. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656791.
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Lin, Yashen, Joseph Eto, Brian Johnson, Jack Flicker, Robert Lasseter, Hugo Villegas Pico, Gab-Su Seo, Brian Pierre, and Abraham Ellis. Research Roadmap on Grid-Forming Inverters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1721727.
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Cullinan, Timothy Edward. Crystallization dynamics in glass-forming systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342537.
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Nieh, T. G., and J. Wadsworth. Superplasticity and superplastic forming of ceramics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10172263.
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