Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forms of forms and types of remuneration'

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important tuber crops globally and is classified amongst the most crucial food crops in Africa. South Africa has a very vibrant potato industry, producing about 2.5 million tonnes every year, with quantities bettered only by Algeria and Egypt. Potato production is very expensive (R150 000 ha-1), with fertilizers contributing 20%. Potato is highly reliant on steady nutrient supply and any deficiencies result in poor yield. Potato fertilizer demand is higher than that of other crops such as cereals and it has a very unique demand for phosphorus (P), which is vital from its early development to maturity. In addition, potato has a very shallow root system, which compromises P uptake, making most potato cultivars ineffective in nutrient uptake. Therefore, high P fertilizer rates are applied of which <20% is utilized by plants within a few days after application and about a further 4% within the next 10 days, mostly due to fixation. The production of P fertilizer, such as super phosphate (SP) is energy-consuming, costly and emits fluorine. There is also a risk of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soils and plants due to the heavy fertilisation, posing a risk to human health, animals and aquatic life. Runoff phosphorus leads to eutrophication of water bodies. In addition, P fertilizer production is severely threatened by declining rock phosphate (RP) reserves, expected to hit a low by 2200. This will result in a hike in P fertiliser prices as miners move to low concentration ores. The high demand of P in potato, the environmental and human health risks, the high costs and declining reserves, all call for prudent and sustainable management of P in potato production. Nitrate and ammonium results in contrasting plant metabolism and growth. Most importantly through rhizosphere modification where ammonium supply results in reduced soil pH while nitrate results in increased soil pH. The pH reduction in ammonium supplied soils increases P dissolution and availability while the opposite is noted in nitrate. Most of the studies in this phosphorus-nitrogen interaction have been conducted on tree species, grasses and cereal crops with little done on tuber crops. In addition, the application of RP directly to plants could help cut the emissions, processing costs and environmental contamination associated with chemical P fertiliser production. There is, therefore, an urgent need to develop P fertilizer management systems to effectively manage this finite resource by improving its use efficiency for maximum yield at optimum application rates. To attain this objective, two experiments were conducted, namely a laboratory study to investigate the interaction between nitrogen forms and phosphorus sources in soil columns without a test crop, and a glasshouse pot trial to investigate the same interaction with potato as test crop. The column study treatments comprised of two soil types, N supplied as ammonium or nitrate and three P sources (SP, RP and a P0) to give 12 treatments that were replicated four times to give 48 columns. Mechanical dry packing method was used. The columns were leached with one pore volume over four watering events (1, 21, 42 and 63 days) and terminated on day 90. The leachate was collected in glass bottles at the column bases and analysed for pH, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium contents. A glasshouse pot trial was set up at the University of Pretoria Experimental Farm with potato cultivar Mondial as the test crop over two seasons, with a high and low initial soil P in season one and two, respectively. One minituber was planted per 10 litre pot. Watering was done using a pressure compensated drip irrigation system. Data was collected at tuber initiation (TI) and at the end of the season (ES). Parameters assessed included plant height, dry masses, number of tubers initiated, yield, leaf tissue and soil P status. Significant phosphorus-nitrogen interactions occurred on most assessed parameters in both trials. The exceptions were pH, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium levels, at some stages of the column study. Significant phosphorus-nitrogen interactions were noted at all watering events for both soil and leachate pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium concentration. In the pot trial, significant phosphorus-nitrogen interactions were noted for most of the plant measurements at both the TI and ES assessment periods with a few exceptions. Ammonium + SP produced the highest tuber initiation rate and final yield, as well as highest tissue and plant available P levels in both seasons. In the leachate and soils at the end of the column study, as well as at both stages assessed in the pot trial, ammonium treatments tended to have higher P contents. In the pot trial, ammonium treatments gave taller plants, but with lower dry mass compared to nitrate. Nitrate treatments had higher soil and leachate pH compared to ammonium treatments in both trials. Plants supplied with SP tended to have longer haulms and roots, higher haulm and root biomass and higher yield compared to treatments with RP and P0. The findings of these trials indicated that ammonium results in higher phosphorus dissolution (with or without a crop) and uptake by plants due to increased soil acidity. The resulting effect on potato crop is an increase in the number of tubers initiated and higher yields. However, the positive effect of ammonium was mostly achieved in combination with superphosphate. Rock phosphate, despite the increased yields, compared to treatments without P, gave inferior plant performance and is therefore not a worthy substitute for superphosphate.
Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Plant Production and Soil Science
MSc (Agric)
Unrestricted

One of the challenges confronting cities innon-industrialised countries today is the fact that cities aregrowing at unprecedented rates, sizes and densities. Growthtrends in these cities are largely unregulated. In thesecountries, cities have changed in at least four major ways:their size, spatial organisation or morphology, the quality anddistribution of public services and infrastructure and theiremployment base. While this situation can be attributed toglobal urbanisation trends, the general poor knowledge on howthese cities develop, densify and acquire certain physicalcharacteristics has limited effective urban planning andmanagement. At times, the pervasive knowledge gap has beenassociated with the lack of relevant theories and concepts toexplain the evolution, growth and prevailing spatial qualities.However, the limited research in this field has alsocontributed to this problem. The other problem that confrontsthe rapidly urbanising city is continued sprawl that has beenmanifested in externalities of inadequate infrastructureprovision and under-utilisation of scarce resourcesparticularly land.

This thesis is an attempt to contribute towards addressingthese two problem areas. The main field of study is on urbantypes within a rapidly urbanising city context. Dar es Salaamcity was selected a case study area. The study exploresthetheoretical framework for classification and analysis ofsettlements. The relevance of this framework in the studycontext is examined. At low scale level, the study provides ananalysis of house forms, density, plot characteristics, spacesand space uses in formal and informal settlements.

The analysis shows that urbanisation under poverty andlow-density urban types greatly influence the sprawlingcharacter of the city. The increasing market-led housingdevelopment and ineffective planning responses are contributingfactors to the observed unguided densification anddeteriorating spatial qualities. It has also been shown thatwhile theoretical frameworks developed from most industrialisedcountries can be adapted to analyse urban types innon-industrialised countries, these theories are limited incomprehending fully the growth and character of rapidlyurbanising cities.

Key words:Urban types, house forms, density, plotcharacteristics, spaces and space use, spatial quality, formaland informal settlements, Dar es Salaam.

Subject of this thesis is employees’ evaluation, remuneration and motivation in a particular company. In order to properly motivate employees, must be a system of evaluation and remuneration fair and understandable to employees. The aim of this work is based on theoretical knowledge gained in the first part and analysis of combination compensation in part two, suggest a more efficient system of employees’ reward and motivation. This should lead to greater satisfaction and improved employee service and thus to improve company performance.

This diploma thesis deals with the topic of incentive system to streamline the work of employees in the manufacturing plant and it is divided into two main parts. The theoretical background part and the practical part. The goal of the thesis is to first analyze existing incentive system to streamline the work of employees in the manufacturing plant and then propose its improvements in line with the achieving higher efficiency of employees work. In the theoretical background chapter, author aims at explanation of basics concepts connected with this problematic. The practical part deals with the existing incentive system and after finding the results author will recommend maybe any modification of existing system or just completely new one.

Віктор, В. В. Особливості профілактики булінгу серед підлітків : магістерська робота: 231 Соціальна робота / В. В. Віктор; керівник роботи Децюк Т. М. ; Національний університет «Чернігівська політехніка», кафедра соціальної роботи. – Чернігів, 2020. – 61 с.
Магістерська робота присвячена обговоренню проблеми особливостей профілактики булінгу серед підлітків. У першому розділі було проаналізовано підходи до розуміння поняття «булінг», основні причини характеристики булінгу серед підлітків та форми і методи його профілактики. У другому розділі магістерської роботи було представлене емпіричне дослідження щодо особливостей профілактики булінгу серед підлітків. У третьому розділі на основі результатів дослідження були розроблені практичні рекомендації щодо організації профілактики булінгу та тренінг щодо профілактики обізнаності підлітків щодо проблеми булінгу.
The master's thesis is devoted to the problem of bullying prevention among adolescents. The first section analyzes approaches to understanding the concept of "bullying", the main reasons for the characteristics of bullying among adolescents and the forms and methods of its prevention. The second section of the master's thesis presented an empirical study on the features of bullying prevention among adolescents. In the third section, based on the results of the study, practical recommendations for the organization of bullying prevention and training on the prevention of adolescent awareness of the problem of bullying were developed.

My thesis is focused on an employee satisfaction research in the company with respect of divisions. The motivation system will be designed on a base of employee satisfaction research. Theory of employee motivation and fundamentals about personnel management is explained in theoretical part. Next, I introduce company and nowadays systém of motivation and evaluation of employees in practical part. Proposals possible solutions to existing problems will be also involved in practical part.

The dissertation explores the roles of buildings in urban social life. Buildings, as both a methodological tool and a research site, are valuable for understanding society. As a method, buildings allow access to various urban contexts. As a research site, the material and the social are integrated, where buildings and society are shown in continual construction. The overarching case shows how a new building type is born in a society and what buildings do, as both materiality and meaning, to help bring about outcomes. The study follows a single building type through history and analytical levels in the city of Santiago, Chile where three empirical studies emerge. The first traces a process of late 19th century urbanization to show the entrance of new residential building types into a city and how the physical and social landscape is reshaped in the process, emphasizing how one urban form emerges and is defined. Intercontinental connections bring new architecture and new language, stabilizing the link between form and name in the city. The resulting spectrum of buildings within the type shows how the diversity of residents shapes material outcomes. As the new buildings become fixed in the urban landscape, so too do social categories. How buildings change definitions both between and within societies, as well as start to take on meanings, is explored. Once definitions and form are established, the following studies explore the roles of the buildings in contemporary urban life. Photos analysis is employed to examine uses of shared space (a patio) in a residential building where buildings are theorized as material structures that contribute to patterned activities. It addresses how the building creates opportunities for observed everyday uses of private collective space. Using published comparison cases demonstrates that practices appear to differ between buildings of the same type when income of residents differs. It is hypothesized that opportunity is created not by the existence of the space per se, but by its gated enclosure, which separates the public street from the private space. The building is understood as a bound that simultaneously fosters interaction and exclusion. In addition, activities in these spaces, over time, contribute to new cultural understandings of the building type, showing how use can generate meaning. The last empirical study examines the reuse of residential buildings for commercial purposes in one neighborhood. The goal is to illuminate roles buildings play in contemporary neighborhood transformations. Rather than understanding transformation through reuse itself, modes of material conversions are examined. The differences between older conversions and newer ones in the area highlight the role of visible characteristics in the newly reused buildings. The material maintenance of residential facades on new conversions locks in the visual of a residential neighborhood, where intended function is built into form, even under commercial reuse. This is valuable in line with a constructed narrative about the place that focuses on the past. The building type under investigation is further redefined as reused buildings take on visual and spatial similarities to housing models from a past era that were not involved in changes in the neighborhood, but appear as if they were. This study relies on participant observation and analysis of marketing materials, as well as other documentary sources.

У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти обліку операцій по заробітній платі, форми та системи оплати праці, синтетичний та аналітичний облік таких операцій, а також проблемні питання операцій по заробітній платі. Проаналізовано практику обліку та контролю операцій із заробітною платою на ВП «Дирекція залізничних перевезень з організації взаємодії портів та припортових станцій» регіональної філії «Одеська залізниця», особливості такого обліку та внутрішнього контролю, здійснений аналіз фінансово-господарської діяльності підприємства. Запропоновано впровадити в діяльність графік документообігу, чітко дотримуватись термінів подачі первинних документів; посилити контроль за первинною документацією; ввести в штатний розклад посаду внутрішнього контролера, підпорядкованого директору підприємства.
The paper examines theoretical aspects of payroll accounting, forms and systems of remuneration, synthetic and analytical accounting of such transactions, as well as problematic issues of payroll transactions. The practice of accounting and control of wage transactions at the OP "Directorate of Railway Transportation for the Organization of Interaction of Ports and Port Stations" of the regional branch "Odessa Railway," peculiarities of such accounting and internal control, analysed of the financial-economic activities of the enterprise. It is proposed to introduce a document flow schedule into the activity, to clearly comply with the deadlines for submitting primary documents; Strengthen control over primary documentation; Add to the staffing table the position of internal controller subordinate to the director of the enterprise.

У статті запропоновано авторське визначення поняття заробітна плата. Окрему увагу приділено удосконаленню системи оплати праці співробітників ПВКП «НК», яка на відміну від існуючої базується на системі бонусів, пов’язує реальні результати праці з винагородою та є економічно ефективною.

Contexte & Objectifs. Le feu est une perturbation récurrente dans les écosystèmes méditerranéens et est souvent considéré comme une composante intrinsèque pour le fonctionnement de ces écosystèmes. Cependant, le rôle des incendies de forêt sur la biodiversité reste controversé. Ainsi, bien que la perception de cette perturbation par la communauté scientifique prenne en compte les effets négatifs et positifs, le feu reste pour une grande part de l’opinion publique une catastrophe humaine et environnementale. Mes recherches ont eu pour objectif de quantifier les effets du feu sur la biodiversité végétale dans les écosystèmes à climat méditerranéen en abordant la relation feu-biodiversité à différentes échelles et en particulier en considérant les caractéristiques spatiales et temporelles des mosaïques générées par les feux au niveau du paysage. L’étude a été dupliquée dans deux biomes méditerranéens distincts (France méditerranéenne et Sud-ouest Australien) de sorte à rechercher à travers les différences les patrons de réponse communs.Méthodologie. Généralement, les feux ont été étudiés comme des évènements singuliers dont il convenait de mesurer l’impact sur les écosystèmes. Dans cette étude, les feux ont été considérés comme une succession d’évènements formant au niveau du paysage des mosaïques en s’additionnant dans le temps et en se superposant dans l’espace. La diversité de ces mosaïques a été quantifiée et a permis de définir un nouveau paramètre, la pyrodiversité. Mes recherches proposent une méthodologie objective et adaptée à la caractérisation de la pyrodiversité à l’échelle du paysage. Les patrons de feux, compilés sur 50 ans, ont été analysés et la diversité de la végétation (habitats, espèces et traits fonctionnels) a été échantillonnée en suivant le protocole développé dans le cadre du projet Européen EBONE. En utilisant la même échelle géographique pour croiser patrons de feu et patrons de végétation, il a été possible de relier pyrodiversité et biodiversité et d’examiner cette relation simultanément au niveau de la communauté végétale (habitat) et du paysage (mosaïque d’habitats).Résultats. Cette étude démontre qu’une pyrodiversité élevée (grande variabilité des patrons spatio-temporels des feux à l’échelle du paysage) est associée à des stades de succession de végétation plus variés et de ce fait maximise la diversité des habitats au niveau du paysage. Les résultats acquis permettent de montrer que le feu exerce une influence significative, avec d’autres facteurs comme les conditions environnementales ou l’utilisation du sol, sur la composition des habitats ainsi que sur l’hétérogénéité spatiale de la mosaïque d’habitats au sein du paysage. Que l’on considère les effets du feu sur les espèces végétales ou les traits fonctionnels de ces taxons, mes travaux montrent également que la diversité des plantes vasculaires au niveau de l’habitat varie avec la fréquence des feux suivant l’hypothèse de perturbation intermédiaire. À l’échelle du paysage, la relation pyrodiversité-biodiversité vérifie l’hypothèse de perturbation hétérogène : les maxima de diversité alpha et beta ont été observés lorsque les mosaïques de feux étaient caractérisées par un niveau élevé de pyrodiversité. À l’échelle régionale, la pyrodiversité favorise la diversité des habitats (diversité gamma) jusqu’à un certain seuil. Les deux aires d’étude affichent des profils de pyrodiversité contrastés, du fait de leurs gestions opposées du feu, mais égalemet des flores très contrastées. Il en résulte des différences de résilience et résistance au feu au sein de leurs écosystèmes respectifs. Toutefois, les deux biomes méditerranéens et leur végétation présentent des convergences évidentes dans leurs réponses écologiques au gradient de pyrodiversité.ConclusionsCette étude permet de resituer le rôle du feu et sa contribution à la richesse floristique des écosystèmes méditerranéens
Aim and Background. Fire is an integral component of Mediterranean type ecosystems and other fire-prone systems worldwide but the perception of fire as an ecological disaster remains a widely-held view among human societies. Understanding whether and to what extent fire is beneficial or detrimental to biodiversity is a current research priority for conservation management in fire-prone systems. My research has attempted to quantify the multi-scale effects of fire on various facets of vegetation diversity, including landscape diversity, taxonomic diversity and functional diversity from a landscape ecology perspective. We used two contrasted Mediterranean study cases i.e., south-eastern France and south-western Australia in order to distinguish from their differences common ecological patterns.Methods. Fires and their effects on vegetation are normally studied as single and localized events. Here, we considered landscape-scale fire mosaics resulting from the compilation of fire events that occurred among time and space in a given landscape. The diversity of those fire mosaics has been quantified and permitted to define a new parameter i.e., pyrodiversity. This research proposes a conceptual and practical methodology for the objective characterization of pyrodiversity based on the comparison of two Mediterranean environments: south-west of Western Australia and southern France. Fire patterns were analyzed retrospectively over a 50-year period while vegetation, habitats and species diversity were quantified at the landscape scale using a monitoring protocol developed within the EBONE EU-project. Using the same geographical scale for fire and vegetation patterns permitted to cross the information on biodiversity and pyrodiversity. The relationship between pyrodiversity and biodiversity was examined at the community level (i.e., habitat) and landscape level (mosaic of habitats) with considering successively habitat diversity, taxonomic diversity and functional diversity.ResultsThis study provides evidence that high pyrodiversity (i.e., spatio-temporal diversity of fire patterns) is associated to various successional trajectories of vegetation and thereby maximizes the diversity of habitats at landscape scale. The results indicate that fire significantly contributes with environmental factors and land management to determine the composition of habitats across a landscape and spatial heterogeneity of landscape mosaics. Whether considering the effects of a single fire event on plant species or on plant functional traits, I found that plant diversity varies with fire frequency according to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis at the habitat level. At the landscape level, the pyrodiversity-biodiversity relationship verified the heterogeneous disturbance hypothesis i.e., maxima of alpha and beta diversity are associated to fire mosaics of high spatiotemporal heterogeneity. At the regional scale, pyrodiversity enhances habitat diversity (gamma diversity) within the landscape until a certain threshold. The two studies areas display contrasting profiles of pyrodiversity due to their different fire management strategies but also exhibit taxonomically unrelated floras. Hence, the two Mediterranean biomes were characterized by different ecosystem resilience and resistance to fire. Despite these differences, the two Mediterranean biomes show convergence trends in their ecological response to the gradient of pyrodiversity.Conclusion. This study tackled the Pyrodiversity-Biodiversity paradigm and demonstrated that Mediterranean-type ecosystems need pyrodiversity to maintain the variety of habitats and species at both habitat and landscape levels. Fire effects on vegetation cannot be interpreted directly from a local perspective with considering a single fire event

У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти пошуку та підбору персоналу на підприємстві , сутність та значення рекрутингу в управлінні персоналом, підбір як ключовий елемент системи управління персоналом на підприємстві. Проаналізовано основні показники економічної діяльності та види і форми професійного пошуку персоналу на ПрАТ «АМ «Фармація»). Запропоновано нові, більш дієві методи пошуку та підбору персоналу на підприємстві та оцінено їх економічну ефективність.
The work deals with the theoretical aspects of search and selection of personnel in the enterprise, the essence and importance of recruitment in personnel management, selection as a key element of the personnel management system in the enterprise. An analysis of the main indicators of economic activity and the type of professional search of personnel on the « FARMACIA ». It is new, more deviating methods of search and selection of personnel at the enterprise are offered and their economic efficiency is estimated.

Дослідження присвячене цілісному порівняльно-педагогічному аналізу професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов в системі післядипломної освіти Франції. У дисертації опрацьовано науково-педагогічну й нормативно-правову літературу з порушеної теми; уточнено основний категорійно-поняттєвий апарат; простежено генезу та описано сучасні моделі післядипломної педагогічної освіти Франції; науково обгрунтовано особливості організації й змісту професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов у Франції; на основі порівняльно-педагогічного аналізу окреслено можливості імплементації конструктивних ідей французького досвіду для вдосконалення професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов в Україні. У ході вивчення науково-педагогічних і нормативно-правових українських та зарубіжних джерел з'ясовано, що професійний розвиток учителів є актуальною проблемою в освітньому просторі. Констатовано взаємозв'язок понять «професійний розвиток», «вчитель іноземної мови», «професійний розвиток учителя іноземної мови»; «система післядипломної педагогічної освіти», «післядипломна іншомовна педагогічна освіта». Витлумачено поняття «освіта впродовж життя» на рівні законодавства Франції. з Описано професійну підготовку майбутніх учителів іноземних мов як компонент професійного розвитку в системі неперервної освіти Франції. Зазначено, що французька модель професійної освіти спрямована на сприяння компетентнісному підходу в процесі пер винної підготовки вчителів іноземних мов. Окреслено напрям професіоналізації для вдосконалення та раціоналізації знань і вмінь майбутніх учителів у вищих педагогічних закладах освіти Франції. Простежено генезу розвитку післядипломної освіти вчителів Франції від зародження ідеї післядипломної педагогічної освіти в «Генеральному плані» Ж. Кондор се у 1792 p. («Plan general de J. Condorcet», 1792) до сучасних трансформацій. Досліджено моделі післядипломної педагогічної освіти Франції (університетська, шкільна, контрактна, інтерактивно-рефлексивна, віртуальна), з'ясовано їхні особливості. За результатами аналізу нормативно-правової джерельної бази виявлено, що професійний розвиток учителів іноземних мов базований на основах освіти впродовж життя в загальній системі післядипломної освіти педагогічних кадрів Франції. Доведено факт помітної присутності держави в організації й фінансуванні всіх рівнів освіти. Освітній кодекс Франції регламентує завдання закладів-провайдерів щодо провадження й забезпечення якості професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов. Констатовано права й обов'язки держави та регіональних департаментів, зокрема щодо післядипломної іншомовної педагогічної освіти. Підсумовано, що видами професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов Франції є тривала (від 2 семестрів до 3 років) та нетривала (1-3 тижні) курсова підготовка в закладах педагогічної освіти, професійна академічна мобільність, як-от міжнародна, дистанційна освіта, самоосвіта та участь у наукових проектах із просування й вивчення сучасних мов. Досліджено особливості вдосконалення професійних навичок учителів Іноземних мов у провідних установах із курсової післядипломної підготовки - у Вищих національних інститутах викладання та виховання (ВНІВВ - фр. Institute Superieurs du Professorat et de l'Education INSPE), на прикладі ВНІВВ Академії Пар ижa(фpЛNSPЁde Г Academiede Paris). Завдання цих закладів освіти полягає в співпраці з Академічною делегацією підготовки кадрів національної освіти (фр. La delegation academique a la formation des personnels de Г Education nationale), розробленні навчального плану, адаптованого до спеціалізацій підготовки майбутніх учителів, підготовці тренерів відповід но до стратегічних потреб, зокрема вчителів іноземних мов. Дистанційна освіта- один з основних засобів професійного розвитку та самовдосконалення вчителів іноземних мов у Франції. Описано основні засади використання 1К-технологій, зміст програм і провайдерів дистанційної форми організації професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов у Фр анції. Інноваційним методом забезпечення професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов державою є створення порталу «Сучасні мови» (фр. Langues vivantes)Ha сайтІ Міністерства національної освіти і молоді з єдиною точкою доступу до спільної бази даних методичних ресурсів, що надані всіма закладами іншомовної педагогічної освіти Франції. Держава активно проводить зовнішню мовно-освітню політику, яка спрямована на популяризацію французької мови та культури за кордоном. Проаналізованороботу державнихі громадських організацій, якіреалізують пр ограми державної підтримки та дбають пр о пр офесійний р озвиток учителів французької мови як іноземної. Схарактеризовано міжнародну мобільність як один із пріоритетних шляхів професійного вдосконалення вчителів іноземних мов Франції. Досліджено нову програму професійної освіти та навчання в Європейському Союзі на період 2014 2020 pp. щодо можливостей удосконалення професійного розвитку за кордоном, модернізації мережі стажування з іншими установами післядипломної освіти й навчальними закладами. Окреслено основні напрями співпраці асоціацій сучасних мов та освітніх установ Франції І Європи щодо вдосконалення післядипломної освіти вчителів іноземних мов. 5 У дисертації простудійовано особливості професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов на тлі сучасних освітніх реформ в Україні. Проаналізовано законодавче підґрунтя професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов та основні стратегічні нормативно-правові документи реформування післядипломної іншомовної педагогічної освіти. Схарактеризовано теоретичні й практичні засади безперервного професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов в Україні. Виконано компаративний аналіз неперервного професійного р озвитку вчителів іноземних мов у Франції та в Україні, на його основі розроблено рекомендації щодо можливих напрямів використання конструктивних ідей із французького досвіду для вдосконалення професійного розвитку вчителів у вітчизняній системі післядипломної Іншомовної педагогічної освіти, а саме: концептуального, нормативно-регулятивного, організаційно-управлінського, навчально-методичного, науково-дослідницького. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів полягає втому, що: уперше у вітчизняній педагогіці виявлено особливості професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов у системі післядипломної освіти Франції (нормативно-правове забезпечення; узгодженість програм професійного розвитку з актуальними тенденціями освітньої політики, потребами вчителів і навчальних закладів; спрямованість на вдосконалення професійної компетентності й навчальні досягнення учнів; державна підтримка для залучення до участі в професійному розвитку; цільове фінансування; організація й реалізація досліджуваного процесу на рівні країни, академій (одиниця адміністративного розподілу освітніх регіонів) і суб'єктів; варіативність видів, змісту, моделей, форм, методів організації професійного розвитку; Інтегрованість мІжпредметних зв'язків у практичну педагогічну діяльність; академічна та міжнародна мобільність; використання Інноваційних освітніх технологій; сертифікація вчителів першого й другого ступеня (учителі закладів початкової та середньої освіти); підготовка вчитслів-тренерів; участь у професійних об'єднаннях); проведено 6 порівняльно-педагогічний аналіз професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов в Україні та Франції; обґрунтовано можливості творчої реалізації конструктивних ідей французького досвіду в освітньо-педагогічному пр осторі У кр аїни; удосконалено навчально-методичне забезпечення професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов; уточнено зміст понять «професійний розвиток учителів іноземних мов», «післядипломнаіншомовна педагогічна освіта»; - подальшого розвитку набули положення щодо форм і ресурсів ефективної організації, планування, самоосвіти, участі в професійних об'єднаннях професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов Франції та їх упровадження в систему неперервної педагогічної освіти України. Практичне значення результатів дослідження, одержаних на основі компаративного аналізу неперервного професійного розвитку вчителів Іноземних мов у Франції та в Україні, полягає в розробленні й упровадженні методичних рекомендацій «Професійний розвиток вчителів іноземних мов: досвід Франції», де окреслено можливості використання конструктивних ідей французького досвіду в забезпеченні професійного розвитку вчителів іноземних мов в Україні. Основні результати порівняльного аналізу педагогічної освіти Франції та України, ключові положення та джерельна база можуть бути використані в ході розроблення освітніх програм, дидактичних комплексів навчальних дисциплін, спецкурсів і спецсемінарів, для оновлення курсів із педагогіки, порівняльної педагогіки в закладах вищої та післядипломної педагогічної освіти України. До матеріалів дисертації доцільно апелювати вітчизняним науковцям для проведення науково-педагогічних досліджень, студентам і вчителям іноземних мов закладів середньої освіти для вдосконалення професійної компетентності.
In the dissertation the scientific-pedagogical andnormative-legal literature on the researched topic have been analyzed; the basic categorical-conceptual apparatus has been specified; the genesis of modern models of continuing teacher education in France have been traced; the peculiarities of the organization and content of foreign language teachers' professional development in France have been scientifically substantiated; on the basis of comparative and pedagogical analysis the possibilities of implementation of constructive ideas of the French experience for improvement of foreign languages teachers' professional development of in Ukraine have been outlined. In the process of studying the scientific and pedagogical and normative-legal Ukrainian and foreign sources, it has been found out that the teacher p rofes sional development is an actual scientific and pedagogical problem. The interrelation of the concepts "professional development", "foreign language teacher", "professional development of foreign language teachers"; "system of continuing teacher education", "continuing foreign language teacher education" has been established. The meaning of the notion "lifelong learning" has been clarified at the level of French legislation. The p rofessional training of future foreign language teachers as a component of professional development in the system of lifelong learningin France has been described. It has been established that the French model of professional education is aimed at promoting a competency-based approach in the process of initial training of foreign language teachers. The direction of professionalization for improvement and rationalization of knowledge and skills of future teachers in higher pedagogical educational institutions of France have been outlined. The genesis of the development of continuing education of French teachers has been traced from the origin of the idea of continuing teacher education in J. Condorcct's "General Plan" in 1792 (Plan general dc J. Condorcet, 1792) to 11 modern transformations. Models of continuing teacher education in France (university, school, contract, interactive-reflexive, virtual) have been studied, their features have been defined. According to the results of the analysis of the normative-legal source base of the research it has been revealed that the professional development of foreign language teachers is carried out on the basis of lifelong education in the general French system of continuing teacher education. The significant presence of the state in the organization and financing of all educational levels has been proved. The French Education Code defines the tasks for providers to effectuate and ensure the quality of professional development of foreign language teachers, states the rights and responsibilities for the state and regional departments, including continuing foreign language teacher education. It has been found out thatthe types of professional development of foreign language teachers in France are long-term (from 2 semesters to 3 years) and short-term (1-3 weeks) course training in institutions of pedagogical education, professional academic mobility, including international, distance education, self-education and participation in research projects to promote and study modern languages. Peculiarities of improving the professional skills of foreign language teachers in the leading institutions of continuing course training - Higher National F Institutes of Teaching and Education (INSPE) have been considered, on the example of INSPE of the Academy of Paris (Academie de Paris). It has been revealed that the tasks of these educational institutions are cooperation with the Academic Delegation of National Education Training (fr. Ea delegation academiqueala formation des personnels del'Educationnationale), development of a curriculum adapted to the specializations of future teachers, training of trainers in accordance to strategic needs, including foreign language teachers. It has been found out that distance education is one of the main means of professional development and self-improvement of foreign language teachers in France. The basic principles ofusing 1С technologies, the content of programs and providers ofdistancc learning organization of professional dcvclopmcntof foreign 12 language teachers in France have been described. It has been found out that an innovative method of ensuring the professional development of foreign language teachers by the state is the creation of the portal "Modem Languages" (fr. Langues vivantes) on the website of the Ministry of National Education and Youth with a n only point of access to a common database of resources provided by all the institutions of foreign language education in France, Tt has been established thatthc state actively pursues a foreign language and educational policy aimed at promotingthe French language and culture abroad. The work of state and p ublic organizations that imp lement state support p rogra ms and carry out professional development of teachers of French as a foreign language has been analyzed. International mobility has been characterized as one of the priority ways of professional development of foreign language teachers in France. A new program of professional education and training in the European Union for the period 2014-2020 on opportunities to improve professional development abroad, development of a network of internships with other continuing education institutions have been highlighted. The main directions of cooperation between associations of modern languages and educational institutions of France and Europe on the imp г о vement of continuing education of foreign language teachers ' have been outlined. The dissertation considers thepeculiaritiesofprofessional development of foreign language teachers on the background of modern educational reforms in Ukraine. The legislative basis of professional development of foreign language teachers and the main strategic normative-legal documents of reforming continuing foreign language pedagogical education have been analyzed. Theoretical and practical principles of continuing professional development of foreign language teachers of Ukraine have been characterized. The comparative analysis of continuous professional development of foreign language teachers in France and Ukraine has been carried out, recommendations on possible directions of implementation of constructive ideas from French experience for improvement of teacher professional development in domestic 13 system of continuing foreign language teacher education have been develop ed on its basis, namely: conceptual, normative-regulatory, organizational and managerial, educational and methodical, research. Scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the following.-ybr the first time the peculiarities of professional development of foreign language teachers have been highlighted'in thcsystem of continuing education in Francc(rcgulatory support; compliance of professional development programs with current trends in educational policy, the needs of teachers and educational institutions; focus on improving professional competence and educational achievements of students; state support for involvement in professional development; targeted funding; organization and imp lementation of the research process at the level of the country, regional academy (administrative unit of French educational regions) and departments; variability of types, content, models, forms and methods; accessibility; integration into practical pedagogical activities; academic and international mobility; useof innovativetechnologies; certification of teachers of the first and the second degrees (teachers of primary and secondary education); training oftrainers; participation in professional associations); the comparative analysis of professional development of foreign languages teachers in the system of secondary education of Ukraine and France has been carried out; scientific and methodological recommendations concerning the opportunities of using constructive ideas of French experience of foreign language teachers' professional development in Ukraine have been elaborated', The meanings ofthe notions "teacher professional development", "foreign languageteachers'professional development" and "continuing foreign language teacher education" have been clarified. The characteristics of professional development and self-development of foreign language teachers in the context of lifelong learning have been further developed; forms and resources of effective organization, planning, self-education, participation in professional associations of foreign language teachers' p rofcssional 14 development in France and their introduction into the system of continuing teacher education of Ukraine havebeen described. The practical value of research obtained on the basis of the comparative analysis of continuing foreign language teacher professional development in France and Ukraine, is to elaborate and imp lement methodologica 1 recommendations "Professional development of foreign language teachers: experience of France" on the use of constructive ideas in the process of professional development of pedagogical staff in Ukraine. The main results of the comparative analysis of teacher education in France and Ukraine, key statements and source base can be used in the working out of special courses and special seminars for advanced training of foreign language teachers, to up date courses in pedagogy, comparative pedagogy for institutions of continuing teacher education. The dissertation materials can be used by domestic scientists for scientific and pedagogical research, students and teachers of foreign languages of secondary education to improve professional competence.

Медвідь А.О. Соціальний захист бездомних осіб і безпритульних дітей: дис. ... к. ю. н. : 12.00.05 / А.О. Медвідь; Нац. ун-т "Одеська юридична академія". - 2015. - 240 с.
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата юридичних наук за спеціальністю 12.00.05 – трудове право; право соціального забезпечення. – Національний університет «Одеська юридична академія», Одеса, 2015. Дисертація є першим у вітчизняній науці права соціального забезпечення спеціальним комплексним дослідженням теоретичних та практичних проблем правового регулювання соціального захисту бездомних осіб і безпритульних дітей в Україні.У дисертації визначено поняття «бездомна особа» та «безпритульна дитина» як об’єктів соціального захисту, виокремлено та охарактеризовано етапи розвитку законодавства України про соціальний захист бездомних осіб і безпритульних дітей. Визначено поняття та основні принципи соціального захисту бездомних осіб і безпритульних дітей. Розглянуто галузеву природу суспільних відносин у сфері соціального захисту бездомних осіб і безпритульних дітей та сфери їх правової регламентації. Досліджено форми та види соціального захисту бездомних осіб і безпритульних дітей. Охарактеризовано систему реінтеграції бездомних осіб і безпритульних дітей та її складові елементи. Сформульовано науково обґрунтовані пропозиції щодо вдосконалення чинного законодавства України в сфері соціального захисту бездомних осіб і безпритульних дітей.
Диссертация на соискание научной степени кандидата юридических наук по специальности 12.00.05 – трудовое право; право социального обеспечения. – Национальный университет «Одесская юридическая академия», Одесса, 2015. Диссертация является первым в отечественной науке права социального обеспечения специальным комплексным исследованием теоретических и практических проблем правового обеспечения социальной защиты бездомных лиц и беспризорных детей. В диссертации определяются понятия бездомного лица и беспризорного ребенка как объектов социальной защиты. Выделены и охарактеризованы этапы становления законодательства Украины о социальной защите бездомных лиц и беспризорных детей: досоветский, советский и постсоветский (современный) периоды.Определены понятие и основные принципы социальной защиты бездомных лиц и беспризорных детей. Понятие социальной защиты указанных лиц предложено рассматривать как комплекс организационных, экономических, финансовых и юридических мероприятий и как правовой институт в системе права социального обеспечения Украины. Рассмотрена отраслевая природа отношений в сфере социальной защиты бездомных лиц и беспризорных детей и сферы их правового регулирования. Установлено, что общественные отношения в сфере социальной защиты населения являются предметом публично-правового и частно-правового регулирования. Исследованы формы и виды социальной защиты бездомных лиц и беспризорных детей. Формами социальной защиты бездомных лиц и беспризорных детей являются общеобязательное государственное социальное страхование, государственная социальная помощь, дополнительная социальная защита. К видам социальной защиты бездомных лиц и беспризорных детей отнесены денежные выплаты, натуральна помощь, социальное обслуживание, льготы, предоставление медицинской помощи, предоставление технических средств реабилитации и технических средств передвижения. Охарактеризирована система реинтеграции бездомных лиц и беспризорных детей и ее составные элементы. Сформулированы научно обоснованные предложения по совершенствованию действующего законодательства Украины в сфере социальной защиты бездомных лиц и беспризорных детей.
Dissertation for the candidate of law degree in specialization 12.00.05 – Labour Law; Social Security Law. – National University «Odessa Law Academy», Odessa, 2015. The dissertation is the first in domestic science of social security law special complex research of theoretical and practical problems of legal maintenance of social protection of homeless people and street children in Ukraine. The thesis defines the terms “homeless person” and “street child” as an objects of social protection, the development stages of the Ukrainian legislation on social protection of homeless people and street children are being singled out and characterized. The concept and basic principles of social protection of homeless people and street children are defined. The sectoral nature of social relations in the sphere of social protection of homeless people and street children and area of their legal regulation were researched. Forms and types of social protection of homeless people and street children were researched. The system of reintegration of homeless people and homeless children and their components were characterized. Scientifically based proposals for improvement of current legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of social protection of homeless people and street children are formulated.

У роботі розкриті теоретичні поняття заробітної плати, як економічної категорії та об’єкта бухгалтерського обліку та контролю; описанні системи, форми та види оплати праці на підприємствах України; вивчені проблемні питання організації обліку розрахунків з оплати праці на підприємствах України. Проаналізовано діючу практику обліку та внутрішнього контролю оплати праці на ТОВ «Одеса Проммашімпорт ЛТД», Запропоновано удосконалити облік оплати праці, створити більш ефективну систему розрахунків, ввести до синтетичного рахунку 66 «Розрахунки за виплатами працівникам» аналітичні субрахунки, спростити документообіг на підприємстві.
Master's qualification work consists of three sections. Object of research - Accounting, audit and analysis of labor costs. The paper deals with theoretical concepts of wages as an economic category and object of accounting and control; description of the system, forms and types of remuneration at the enterprises of Ukraine; Problematic issues of the accounting of payroll calculations at Ukrainian enterprises were studied. The current practice of accounting and internal control of labor remuneration on LLC "Odessa Prommashimport LTD" is analyzed, It is proposed to improve the payroll accounting, to create a more efficient system of settlements, to introduce analytical subaccounts into the synthetic account 66 "Payments to employees", to simplify the document circulation in the enterprise.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
94
Nitrogen mineralization is the soil process which organic nitrogen converted to inorganic nitrogen. The purposes of this study are to investigate the effects of soil organic N forms on N mineralization of three coniferous forests, Morrison spruce forest (Picea morrisonicola Hay.), Chinese hemlock forest (Tsuga chinensis var. formosana), Taiwan red pine forest (Pinus taiwanensis Hay.) in the Ta-Ta-Chia area, central taiwan. First, the N mineralization rate of mineral soil (10-20 cm) in spruce, hemlock and pine forest sites was monitored by field incubation for one year. Secondly, the content of different organic N forms, including total hydrolysable N, acid insoluble N, ammonium N, amino sugar N, amino acid N, hydrolysable unknown N, of three forest soils was analyzed. Thirdly, a short term lab incubation under 25oC and 55% WHC was used to determine the kinetics of N mineralization of three forest soils. The N mineralization potential and N mineralization rate constant is estimated through fitting N mineralization curve by the three parameter asymptotic mix effect model. The relationship between different organic N forms with N mineralization under lab incubation was evaluated to find out the major factor for soil N mineralization. Finally, the observation in lab incubation was adapted to explain the effect of different N species on the N mineralization in field. The results of lab incubation show the most important factor influencing the N mineralization rate is the content of amino acid N. However, the N mineralization rate by field incubation showed following trends : spruce forest > pine forest ≒ hemlock forest. Although the content of amino acid N in pine forest was higher than that of spruce forest, the N mineralization rate was still lower than spruce forest. It may be because spruce forest soils has better aeration and higher water content leading higher mineralization and nitrification rates.

碩士
大同大學
工業設計學系(所)
104
Street furniture is most intimate thing to the pedestrians on the street but is often neglected in urban planning and merely used as item for fill up the street space. Currently the issues of street furniture in Taiwan are divided into two types, where one merely emphasizes on function orientation and the other one is the lack of association with regional culture. There are no relevant issues or solutions in spite of such issues while the existence of public trash can is another controversy as one of the street furniture. Hence the relation between the public trash can and the environment is analyzed. The study applies the study of folk tools to conduct subsequent analysis of Taipei Expo Park through field-survey of the public trash can in the public areas in Taipei City. The study comprehends the park’s current status through phenomenal observation and understands the users’ views and perception on the trash cans in the park through interview. The main purpose of the study comprises of reference and suggestions for the assumption of future trash can design and the environment installation. The final hierarchy derived from the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) in this study illustrates the orientation of interrelation in all elements as shown in the following three structure and suggestions: 1) The hierarchy between the trash can design and installation position in the park refers to the influence of “peripheral facility” on “user relation” and thereby affects the “environmental information.” Moreover, the relation between the “environmental information” and the “function, appearance and shape” of the trash can ultimately affects the “customer relations.” The external environmental factors affect the design of the trash can through user relation. 2) The trash can design in the park is also one of the product design, where consumers’ purchase intention is important for the products, which lies on the three design elements, namely “aesthetics and neatness,” “usability” and “costs,” when taking consideration of the design for trash can in the park. 3) The influence relation between the design and installation position of the trash can in the park is the environmental factor affecting the design factor of the trash can, and hence the environmental element will affect the design element.

碩士
銘傳大學
觀光研究所碩士班
98
This study focused on the influences of different types or forms of leisure activities on the leisure benefit. This respondents of this experimentwere the fifth and sixth grade students at Jian-Guo Elementary School in Taoyuan City. There were two treatments in this experiment. One was theactive/motionless leisure activities, and the other was the structural/non-structural procedure. In the experiment, the respondents were randomly separated into five groups, treatment and control groups. The duration of the experiment was eight weeks. The major results were as followed: 1. There was significant difference of the leisure benefit between the different forms of leisure activities. On average, the leisure benefit was better from the structural procedure than the non-structural procedure. 2. There was significant difference of the leisure benefit between the different types of leisure activities. On average, the leisure benefit was better from the active leisure activity than the motionless one. 3. The eight-week experiment process could be separated into two sections. From the beginning to the fourth week was the first section, and the fifth week to the end was the second section. The increasing leisure benefit was more obvious during the first section the second section.

碩士
國立臺北大學
企業管理學系
104
Promotion activities are very common in the marketplace; however, there are not many research on promotion of makeup products versus skincare products in recent years. This study plans to investigate consumers’ preferences towards different promotion forms in different product types and examines their perceived quality, perceived value and purchase intentions related to promotion forms preferred. By using a 2 (product type: utilitarian vs. hedonic) x 2 (promotion forms: price discounts vs. bonus packs) scenarios for collecting the date, and the object of this study is the people who are used to purchase makeup products or skincare products. In this study, we used SPSS 22 and SmartPLS 3 to do our experimental analysis after a total of 541 valid questionnaires were collected. This study demonstrate that consumers prefer price discounts to bonus packs for makeup products and the other way around for skincare products. Moreover, consumers show different perceived quality, perceived value and purchase intentions towards different types of product (hedonic & utilitarian) and promotions. This study also demonstrate that perceived value partially mediates the effects between perceived quality and purchase intentions. These findings may provide the cosmetic industry useful suggestions for developing marketing strategies and may also become a valuable reference for the future studies in the related field.

The aim of the theoretical part is to explain the expressions of evaluation and self?evaluation and their relationship, to show their forms and kinds, to formulate and offer the solutions to the chosen problems of evaluation, describe the ingredients for self-evaluation and its gradual development at elementary school and outline its importance for further development of a person. In the practical part of the work I find out with the help of interviewing 24 respondents if they realize the importance of self-evaluation for the personality of pupil. I compare the results to the theoretical part of my work. Further I discover how much they include the self-evaluating activities in their teaching and what is difficult in the process of evaluation. I have processed the responds with the help of qualitative method. I am enclosing the list of activities which are suitable for the development of self?evaluation of pupils. Some photos are attached to those activities that are used at Christian elementary school in Jihlava.

The objective of this thesis is to evaluate and describe Czech legislation regarding agreements intervening in the economic competition, namely with the focus on their actual form, specifics, characteristics and basic essentials, and to evaluate their correctness and business impacts, taking into account legislation and case law of the European Union. The purpose of the research is primarily to outline the basic elements of forms of prohibited agreements, highlight deficiencies of legislation related to them, and to argue findings arising from the literature and case law. The thesis is based on both Czech and European literature and judicature. The thesis is divided into six chapters which are complemented by the Introduction and the Conclusion. The First Chapter compares legislation of the Czech Republic and the European Union, while the attention is devoted in particular to the influence of European legislation and judicature on the development of Czech law and decision-making practice. It also focuses on certain differences and possibilities of their removal and overcoming. The Second Chapter forms the core of the thesis and also describes the core law governing the cartels when it closely examines every single part of the state of facts of prohibited agreements. This part provides a...

Кваліфікаційна робота магістра складається з трьох розділів. Об’єкт дослідження – процес обліку і контролю розрахунків з оплати праці та відрахувань на обов’язкове страхування в ДП «Полиграф-Пакинг Групп». У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти обліку та контролю розрахунків з оплати праці та та відрахувань на обов’язкове страхування. Проаналізовано фінансовий стан ДП «Полиграф-Пакинг Групп», забезпеченість та використання трудових ресурсів, ефективність використання коштів на оплату праці, стан обліку та конролю розрахунків по оплаті праці на підприємстві. Запропоновано удосконалення Наказу про облікову політику підприємства щодо організації обліку праці; підвищення рівню автоматизації обліку праці та заробітної плати; документальне оформлення контролю розрахунків з оплати праці на ДП «Полиграф-Пакинг Групп».
Thesis consists of three chapters. Object of study is the process of accounting and control of payroll calculations and compulsory insurance deductions at Polygraph-Packing Group SE. Diploma thesis deals with theoretical aspects of accounting and control of payroll and compulsory insurance payments. The financial condition of SE "Polygraph-Packing Group", the security and use of labor resources, the efficiency of use of funds for wages, the state of accounting and control of payments on labor at the enterprise are analyzed. Improvement of the Order on the accounting policy of the enterprise concerning the organization of accounting of accounting is offered; increase of the level of automation of accounting of labor and wages; Documentation of control of payroll calculations at Polygraph-Packing Group SE.

У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти обліку та контролю розрахунків з оплати праці, організація обліку та внутрішнього контролю у ТОВ «Шовковик». Побудовано економіко-математичну модель оцінки впливу оборотності запасів та рівня витрат на оплату праці на рентабельність операційної діяльності підприємства. Запропоновано напрямки вдосконалення обліку та контролю на ТОВ «Шовковик», зокрема, надано рекомендації щодо доповнення Наказу про облікову політику підприємства елементами щодо порядку розрахунку резерву та оплату відпусток, визначення коефіцієнту коригування доходу робітників для розрахунку середнього заробітку щодо обчислення оплати відпусток. Побудувано систему аналітичних рахунків до рахунку 811 «Виплати за окладами й тарифами» за напрямками витрат на оплату праці.
The article deals with the theoretical aspects of accounting and control of payroll calculations, the organization of accounting and internal control in Shovkovik LLC. The economic model of profitability of profit from operating activity by means of correlation-regression analysis is constructed. The problematic issues of payroll calculations, accounting status and internal control of payments with employees at the enterprise are analyzed. The directions of improvement of accounting and control at Shovkovik LLC are offered, in particular, to supplement the Order on the accounting policy of the enterprise with the elements on the procedure of calculation of the reserve and payment of holidays, to determine the coefficient of adjustment of workers' income to determine the average earnings for calculating vacation payments and to calculate the system of accounts 8 "Salary and tariff payments" in the direction of labor costs.

Кваліфікаційна робота магістра складається з трьох розділів. Об’єкт дослідження – чинні форми та системи оплати праці на одеському підприємстві ТОВ «Цемент». У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти встановлення ефективних форм та систем заробітної плати на підприємстві, фактори, що впливають на їх формування та методи діагностики форм та систем оплати праці. Проаналізовано форми та системи оплати праці на ТОВ «Цемент», вплив рівня заробітної плати на ефективність роботи колективу та прибуток підприємства. Запропоновано введення грейдової системи оплати праці на підприємстві, преміювання персоналу за підвищення обсягів виготовленої продукції та преміювання за підсумками роботи за рік.
Thesis consists of three chapters. Object of study - current forms and systems of remuneration at the Odessa Enterprise Ltd «Cement». Diploma thesis deals with theoretical aspects of of the forms and systems of wages in the enterprise, the factors influencing their formation and methods of diagnostics of forms and systems of remuneration. Аnalysis the forms and systems of remuneration for Ltd «Cement», the effect of the level of wages on the efficiency of the team and the profit of the enterprise. Proposed the introduction of the grading system of salary payment at the enterprise, staff bonuses for the increase in volumes of manufactured products and bonuses based on the results of the year.

The main aim of this diploma thesis is to analyse the state of remuneration of employees, the way of their motivation and suggest a possible change of the system based on the found results. The aim of the first, theoretical part is the synthesis of professional publications, the output of which will be a literary overview. The comprehensive view of the issue is set and there are analysed the most important theoretical findings relating to the medium-sized business, motivation, motivation theory, motivation and remuneration, remuneration management and its objectives, rewards and work performance, the structure and form of wages, evaluation of work, the most common forms of wages, employee benefits, MS as an instrument for motivation and remuneration. The course of the research is presented in the practical part and it is carried out in the XY health insurance company. At first, this organization is briefly described and then a self-directed research is conducted through a questionnaire survey of counter staff, client centre managers and project managers / shoppers, the current state of employee remuneration and motivation is analysed.Subsequently, an analysis of the effect of the IMS reward compared with the adoption of IMS and motivation for improvement of client center managers and counter-staff is performed. Thus the data obtained from the questionnaire survey with the data provided by the company on IMS remuneration are compared. Finally, the acquired data are evaluated, suggested recommendations for improvement of the situation and a summary of the work is drawn up.

The aim of this thesis was to analyze the possibilities of tourism in the Jihlava, and with regard to rural tourism. The theoretical part has been developed from the literature on this issue and the website. In the theoretical part was characterized by the Jihlava region and in tourism and other visitor attractions. The practical part of the preparation of questionnaires and subsequent questionnaires. Questionnaire aimed at objects and guests of rural tourism. Evaluation questionnaires are used to confirm or refute those hypotheses. Poslech Fonetický přepis Slovník - Zobrazit podrobný slovník

AND KEY WORDS ŠŤASTNÁ, Kamila. Forms of the Assessment of Pupils in the Education of the Czech Language and Literature. Prague, 2013. Dissertation. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, Institute of Czech Language and Theory of Communication. The dissertation deals with the issues of student assessment, namely classification by means of marks and verbal assessment. As a form of student assessment an approach based on the synthesis of both forms is also considered. In the theoretical part of the dissertation assessment in general, school assessment and its special characteristics, positive and negative assessment, types and functions of assessment are defined. The dissertation is mainly concerned with the issues of forms of assessment, their benefits and negative aspects. When discussing verbal assessment, the possibilities of its use are described, its different forms are distinguished, attention is paid to the question of formulating verbal assessment. The dissertation is also concerned with the issues of transition from classification to verbal assessment. The empirical part discovers, by means of interview, which form Czech language and literature teachers use when assessing the students and what their opinions of types of assessment in question are. The dissertation surveys the reasons...

Small-class school is a kind of school where two or more classes are taught together. This type of organization is demanding for teachers, their lesson planning and the whole learning process. Important part of small-class teacher's activity is indirect pedagogical work. It means organization of regular or irregular activities which are necessary for socio-cultural function of those schools in a village. It is possible to label small-class schools as alternative schools where unconventional teaching methods are used. Main goal of this thesis was to find out which types of teaching methods and didactic tools are used most frequently in small-class schools. Other goals of this thesis were to describe a range of indirect pedagogical work and co-operation of small-class schools with special pedagogues.

The thesis is focused on the serviceability analysis of the various evaluation forms regarding the work with mistake of pupils during the Czech language classes. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the advantages and disadvantages of the different evaluation forms. It also covers with the various ways of interest of the varied evaluation forms in the pupils mistake together with its serviceability for another work. The practical part of the thesis deals with the serviceability analysis of the self-made evaluation papers. These papers concern evaluation and self-evaluation work of pupils at the work with mistake during the Czech language classes. This analysis is based on the results acquired from the testing of the papers in practise. The goal of the research was to get know the extent of serviceability of the papers as the instrument of the natural way of learning at the work with mistake.

Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia na área de especialidade Psicologia da Saúde apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
Objetivo: Assente no modelo ecológico, este estudo pretendeu: investigar os fatores de risco e protetores para o desenvolvimento de comportamentos agressivos e de vitimização pelos pares; analisar a natureza das associações longitudinais entre as formas e funções da agressão, a vitimização e os sintomas internalizantes e, por fim; propor um programa interventivo, com estratégias multimodais, para o combate à agressão e vitimização no contexto escolar. Método: Adolescentes, entre os 11 e os 19 anos (M = 15, DP = 1,9), participaram em 4 estudos: dois em corte transversal: 1) caracterização das perceções de agressividade e estudo dos fatores de vulnerabilidade para as formas e funções da agressão, de acordo com o modelo ecológico (N= 851) e, 2) caracterização das perceções de vitimização, por tipo, frequência e severidade e identificação dos seus preditores, numa perspetiva ecológica (N=584); 3) um estudo transversal e longitudinal, onde se analisaram as relações entre a agressão, a vitimização, e o aumento de sintomas internalizantes (N=132); e, 4) um estudo prospetivo, orientado para análise dos resultados de um programa de intervenção desenvolvido para o combate à agressão e vitimização em meio escolar (N=132). As análises dos dados quantitativos foram realizadas com recurso a estatística descritiva, regressões lineares hierárquicas e aos testes t de Student para amostras emparelhadas e para amostras independentes. Todas as análises estatísticas foram efetuadas com o IBM SPSS Statistics. Resultados: Bons preditores do comportamento agressivo, o suporte social familiar e dos amigos, bem como o ambiente escolar, mostraram-se fatores protetores de agressão e vitimização nos adolescentes em estudo. Verificámos uma tendência similar entre rapazes e raparigas para o envolvimento em comportamentos agressivos, mas as últimas apresentaram uma maior propensão para serem vítimas de agressão relacional. Prospectivamente a agressão e a vitimização não evidenciaram um papel significativo no desenvolvimento de sintomas internalizantes, mas os sintomas depressivos mostraram ser preditores explicativos da agressão e da vitimização reativa. O programa de intervenção atingiu os objetivos propostos, visto ter-se verificado uma redução no número de situações problemáticas sinalizadas. Constatámos ainda uma diminuição significativa dos comportamentos agressivos diretos reativos, bem como da vitimização (direta e direta reativa). Conclusões: Este estudo contribuiu para a análise dos fatores preditores da agressão e da vitimização ao procurar discriminar as funções da agressão e um leque mais alargado de tipos de vitimização, por comparação com outros estudos que se têm focado mais nas formas diretas e relacionais da agressão e da vitimização. Os resultados obtidos contribuíram para os estudos longitudinais, onde se relacionam estas variáveis na fase da adolescência. Por fim, o programa de intervenção assinalou a importância de uma ação universal, na prevenção da agressividade e vitimização em meio escolar, com recurso a múltiplas estratégias interventivas, que aumentem o suporte entre os jovens e as suas famílias, os pares e a escola.
ABSTRACT : Purpose: Grounded in the ecological model, the present study aimed at: examining the risk and protector factors which predict the development of aggressive behaviours and of victimization among peers; investigate the nature of the longitudinal associations between the forms and functions of aggression, victimization and internalizing symptoms; and, finally, proposing an intervention program, encompassing multimodal strategies to address school aggression and victimization. Method: The participants were adolescents, between 11 and 19 years old (M = 15; SD = 1,9), and took part in 4 studies. Two were cross-sectional: 1) characterization of the perceptions of aggressiveness and the study of the vulnerability factors of the forms and functions of aggression, in line with the ecological model (N= 851), and 2) characterization of the perceptions of victimization, by type, frequency and severity, and identification of their predictors, through ecological perspective (N=584); 3) a cross sectional and longitudinal study examining the relations between aggression, victimization and the increase in internalizing symptoms (N=132); and 4) a prospective study where the impact of the intervention program, designed to decrease school aggression and victimization, was analysed. Quantitative data were analysed through -test for paired and independent samples. All statistical analysis were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: Social support, from family and friends, as well as school climate were good predictors of aggressive behaviour and proved to be protective factors for aggression, in the adolescents under study. We found a similar tendency in boys and girls regarding the engagement in aggressive behaviours, despite girls being more prone to being victims of relational aggression. Prospectively, neither aggression nor victimization played a significant role in the development of internalizing symptoms, nevertheless, depressive symptoms were explanatory predictors of aggression and reactive victimization. The intervention program accomplished the proposed objectives as it decreased the number of problematic situations detected. We found a significant decrease in reactive overt aggressive behaviours and in victimization (overt and reactive overt). Conclusions: The present study made a considerable contribution to the analysis of the predictive factors of aggression and victimization, by aiming to discriminate the functions of aggression and a wider range of types of victimization, as studies have focused, in more detail, overt and relational forms of aggression and victimization. The results contributed to the studies relating these two variables, considering the adolescence period, and specifically using a longitudinal approach. Finally, the intervention program emphasizes the relevance of a universal intervention (comprising multiples intervention strategies) that might increase the support among the adolescents and their families, peers and school, towards the prevention of school aggressiveness and victimization.

Гальченко Л. М. Облік і аналіз розрахунків з оплати праці на ПАТ «Запоріжсталь» : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 071 «Облік і оподаткування» / наук. керівник В. П. Гринь. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2022. 115 с.
UA : Кваліфікаційна робота: 115 с., 3 розділи, 25 табл., 12 додатка, 78 джерел. Об’єкт дослідження – аналіз систем та форм оплати праці та шляхи її вдосконалення на Публічном акціонерном товаристві «Запорізький металургійний комбінат «Запоріжсталь». Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є обґрунтування теоретичних положень та розробка практичних рекомендацій щодо удосконалення обліку і аналіз розрахунків з оплати праці. Методи дослідження: системний підхід до вивчення економічних явищ і процесів. Під час виконання дослідження використано загальнонаукові методи пізнання: історичний метод, методи індукції та дедукції, термінологічного аналізу, теоретичного узагальнення і порівняння; методи причинно-наслідкового зв’язку та абстрактно-логічний метод. Наукова новизна одержаних результатів полягає в теоретико-методичному обґрунтуванні та вирішенні комплексу питань, пов’язаних з удосконаленням обліку і аналіза розрахунків з оплати праці в сучасних умовах функціонування підприємств. У процесі дослідження отримано такі наукові результати, яким притаманна наукова новизна: удосконалено: – систему інтегрованого обліку оплати праці в частині розвитку організаційної, методичної та технічної складових всіх видів обліку, що дає змогу застосувати системний підхід до інтегрованого обліку заробітної плати, дотримуючись правових основ і їх змін для збереження й ефективного використання бюджету фонду оплати праці та виконання необхідних показників кожному працівнику, а також методичне забезпечення облікового відображення операцій з нарахування окремих видів оплати праці і її стимулювання через обґрунтування доходів працівників в системі інтегрованого обліку, що забезпечує застосування правового режиму нарахувань й утримань із заробітної плати; – теоретичні, організаційні та методичні засади, технології використання бюджетування оплати праці в управлінні через виявлення особливостей організації системи бюджетування та методів обґрунтування й оцінки бюджетних показників на підприємстві, що сприятиме успішному веденню бізнесу і окреслення перспектив його розвитку; набули подальшого розвитку: – доведення необхідності доповнити систему організації оплати праці такими елементами як мотивація та стимулювання, що є об’єктами системи інтегрованого обліку. Це дасть змогу нараховувати заробітну плату працівникам підприємства залежно від результатів праці та, водночас, впливати на їх показники, стимулювати розвиток виробництва, ефективність роботи, підвищення якісних та кількісних показників роботи; – визначення сутності, методів і способів, спрямованих на попередження та своєчасне виявлення неофіційної оплати праці через формування повної та достовірної інформації в документах для прийняття управлінських рішень, що на відміну від існуючих, сприятиме забезпеченню економічної безпеки на рівні всіх підрозділів і підприємства загалом. Отримані результати дослідження спрямовані на підвищення достовірності, оперативності та аналітичності обліку оплати праці на ПАТ «Запоріжсталь». Застосування на практиці запропонованих рекомендацій дозволить забезпечити адекватне відображення операцій з обліку оплати праці і розрахунків в сучасних умовах господарювання, своєчасне одержання та аналіз необхідної інформації керівництвом.
EN : Qualification work contains: 115 pр., 3 sections, 25 tab., 12 appendices, 78 references. The object of research is the analysis of systems and forms of remuneration and ways to improve it at the Public Joint Stock Company «Zaporizhzhya Metallurgical Plant «Zaporizhstal». The purpose of the qualification work is to substantiate the theoretical provisions and develop practical recommendations for improving accounting and analysis of payroll calculations. Research methods: a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes. During the research general scientific methods of cognition were used: historical method, methods of induction and deduction, terminological analysis, theoretical generalization and comparison; methods of causation and abstract-logical method. The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the theoretical and methodological substantiation and solution of a set of issues related to the improvement of accounting and analysis of payroll calculations. In modern conditions of operation of enterprises. In the process of research the following scientific results were obtained, which are characterized by scientific novelty: improved: – integrated payroll system in terms of development of organizational, methodological and technical components of all types of accounting, which allows to apply a systematic approach to integrated payroll, adhering to the legal framework and their changes to maintain and effectively use the budget of the payroll and meet the necessary indicators each employee, as well as methodological support of accounting for the accrual of certain types of wages and its incentives through the justification of employee income in the system of integrated accounting, which ensures the application of the legal regime of accruals and deductions from wages; – theoretical, organizational and methodological principles, technologies of using payroll budgeting in management by identifying features of the budgeting system and methods of substantiation and evaluation of budget indicators at the enterprise, which will contribute to successful business and outline prospects for its development; have been further developed: – proving the need to supplement the system of organization of remuneration with such elements as motivation and incentives, which are the objects of the system of integrated accounting. This will allow to accrue wages to employees of the enterprise depending on the results of work and, at the same time, to influence their performance, stimulate production, efficiency, increase the quality and quantity of work; – defining the nature, methods and techniques aimed at preventing and timely detection of informal wages through the formation of complete and reliable information in documents for management decisions, which, unlike existing ones, will contribute to economic security at the level of all departments and enterprises. The obtained results of the research are aimed at increasing the reliability, efficiency and analytical nature of payroll accounting at PJSC «Zaporizhstal». The practical application of the proposed recommendations will ensure adequate reflection of the operations of accounting for wages and payments in modern business conditions, timely receipt and analysis of the necessary information by management.

My work called Management of social work in problematics of domestic violence will cover management of social work and work of social workers in this problematics in chosen intervention, crisis, counseling centers and shelters in Prague and Central Bohemia. The goal of the work will be to chart how do social workers work in these different centers with victims of domestic violence and to give us a complete picture and summary of this problematics and management of social workers in it. Given the topic of this work, I will first focus on domestic violence. I will focus on basic characteristics, types, forms, causes and also on the high risk groups of people. Further of it will offer a look into the legislative framework in this area. Using surveys, which were given to individual social workers in these chosen centers, I will try to describe management of social workers in problematics of domestic violence.

This diploma work completely deals with problems of the evaluation by a teacher. In the introductory part there are described specifics of the school evaluation, its importance and sense. There is also mentioned a survey of many types, functions of the evaluation and methods, which are mostly being used for the pupils{\crq} evaluation at school. It also discusses an influence of the evaluation on the pupil. It summarizes principles and processes of the pupils{\crq} evaluation, which are established and obligatory for schools in the Czech Republic. It analyzes the problems of basic forms of the evaluation, which are mostly being used at our schools; those are the word evaluation and the classification by marks; and it also describes the portfolio that is a new alternative form of the evaluation. It concentrates on important aspects of pupil{\crq} evaluations, principles, those are important to know and they must be observed. It devotes to an importance of positive and negative evaluations and also to a smart question of the evaluation objectivity. It refers to mistakes which are important to avoid. It points out the importance of individual approach to pupils, especially to pupils with specific learning difficulties. It analyzes the evaluation problems of the pupils with learning disability and it refers to the mistakes that are necessary to remember in the evaluation of pupils with specific learning difficulties.

In this work are summarized the theoretical basis of retail and simulation models usable as decision making support in the management of retail units. There are described the specifics of retail and specifics of retail units in terms of their classification and basic theoretical foundations for the creation of simulation models. The work also describes the default multi-agent simulation model created by the leader of this work,. Ing. Viktor Vojtko, Ph.D., on which this work builds. Then work describes creation of case studies using multi-agent simulation model, including the calibration process of models for these case studies. General methodology of creating case studies is described in next part of the work. Then the created methodology is varified by scenarios and the last part describes proposals for further editing of simulation model.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the problem of poverty, describing the concept, explain the reasons and causes of poverty and to propose solutions for its prevention. Furthermore, the analysis of poverty in the Czech Republic and comparison with selected EU countries. The last part of my work will develop a proposal for measures in the fight against poverty. The thesis was divided into two parts. The first part featured a brief theoretical view of poverty as a social event. There were defining poverty, its types, forms, indicators of poverty by international organizations. This section was included in the issue of the causes of poverty, the effects of poverty, both primary and secondary, social exclusion (exclusion). This part is followed by chapter tools to eliminate poverty in the Czech social policy. These tools include: subsistence, assistance in material need, living allowance, housing subsidy, extraordinary immediate assistance and minimum wage. These tools form a complex, which currently works fairly well. Most of the tools work to eliminate poverty target, this means that these tools are used quite effectively. The practical part is based on knowledge of the theoretical perspective on poverty. Includes a brief analysis of poverty in the Czech Republic and also compares it with other EU...