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1
Mashevska, Anzhelika. "ECONOMIC ESSENCE, FORMS AND TYPES OF PAYMENTS FOR EMPLOYEE BENEFITS." Three Seas Economic Journal 3, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2022-2-13.
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The article reveals the economic essence and importance of wages as a component of current payments to employees and studies the methodology and organization of accounting and taxation of remuneration. The problems of organization and methods of payroll accounting are determined. These are the main shortcomings in the field of taxation, as well as the problems of using the tariff system as the basis for accounting and documenting payments for remuneration with personnel. Methodology. The normative and legislative regulation of accounting and documentation of payments for remuneration is analyzed. The requirements for the formation of the organization of remuneration accounting, which determine the tasks, the system of indicators, documentation and the system of accounts on which the relevant information is accumulated, are presented. Results. It is concluded that the improvement of labor accounting and its remuneration at enterprises should be based on the optimization of tariff regulation of wages, namely: improvement of the tariff system by establishing ratios of tariff rates depending on the level of qualification of the worker; introduction of flexible forms and systems of remuneration, including contract and tariff-free; collective regulation of wages. The main ways to improve the display of wage accounting are proposed. Practical implications. The organization of document circulation on employee payments is investigated, the methodology of synthetic and analytical accounting of payments to employees for worked and unworked time is determined. The methodology of conducting audit procedures for payments to employees is considered, the effectiveness of employee benefits is evaluated. Value/originality. The scientific novelty of the work consists in summarizing theoretical and practical material on the methodology, economic essence, forms and types of payments for employee benefits. The theoretical essence of calculations on remuneration of the enterprise is determined, the regulatory and legal regulation of payments to employees in Ukraine is investigated, the tasks of accounting, auditing and analysis of employee benefits are considered.
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Olga, Bunda, and Kozachuk Yuriy. "Displaying information on remuneration in budget institution reporting." Problems of Innovation and Investment Development, no. 22 (April 10, 2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33813/2224-1213.22.2020.11.
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The purpose of the article is to investigate remuneration information in varioustypes of budget institution reporting. the methodology of the study is to use aset of methods: dialectical, structural-analytical, induction and deduction, statistical,observation, generalization. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is thecomprehensive coverage of the presentation of information on remuneration invarious types of reporting budgetary institution. conclusions. In order to providedetailed and efficient of remuneration information on remuneration, an institutionmay, on the basis of existing reporting forms, develop analytical remunerationdocuments. The use of such analytical documents will increase the efficiency andpromptness of employees to formulate the required forms of reporting to abudgetary institution.
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Otavová, Milena. "Remuneration of limited partners with regard to the base for retirement pension." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 6 (2010): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058060335.
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The papes deals with possible forms of the remuneration of limited partner. There are defined differences between types of his incomes (remuneration) such as dividend, remuneration and wage, in relation to czech tax law. With the aid of calculation was determined their combination, both in light of maximum his after-payment-tax income with the inclusion of payments of social and medical insurence, and with respect to computing base for his future retirement pension. The comparison of the forms of the remuneration of limited partner was performed by using the model situations. Models were configured to represent the possible ways of the remuneration of the partner and also with regard to the social and health insurance. These models highlight the advantages of the different options in terms of the tax burden, partner’s net income and the pension paid in the future. Evalutes haw the forms and amount of incomes influence the amount of the old-age pension. Those models were the basis for the determining the optimum combination of the payment of the profit sharing and the wage of the Partner.
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Kashparov, Dmitry, Natalya Kubina, Lyudmila Puryzhova, Irina Kravchenko, and Anastasia Kashparova. "Research of doctors’ innovative KPIs of clinical diagnostic center in goal-setting sustainable development." E3S Web of Conferences 291 (2021): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129106001.
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Modern challenges have increased attention to the effective operation of medical institutions of various types. At first glance, the tools for achieving the goals of medical organizations have been studied and tested. However, the scientific description and research of the doctors’ KPIs of a polyclinic medical organization within in goal-setting sustainable development in the context of a changing situation with a pandemic has not been sufficiently clarified. The paper presents the current forms and systems of remuneration, KPIs for employees of polyclinic medical organization, as well as a study of the motivational components of the doctors at the Clinical Diagnostic Center (CDC) of Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (IKBFU), functional expectations (requirements) from the CDC management with subsequent development of innovative KPIs for doctors as a key category of employees of the research object. The results of the study make it possible to develop a methodology for calculating the integral indicator of KPIs with options for the concept of remuneration for doctors in CDC. The research includes a content analysis of the sources characterizing the current scientific and practical state of the formation and application of doctors’ KPIs. The basis of the study implies a comparison of the formulated tasks of CDC with the tasks of the doctors and their motivational components, followed by the formulation of indicators of doctors’ performance in the context of current forms and systems of remuneration of doctors in Russia and abroad. The continuation of the research in a practical aspect will be associated with developing and implementing the integral indicator of doctors’ KPIs in the approbation process. Future theoretical research is related to the formation of a methodological tool for a flexible system of remuneration for doctors based on changing challenges in goal-setting sustainable development
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Ledeneva, M. V., and A. A. Gutareva. "ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF INDUSTRIAL AND REGIONAL WAGES OF EMPLOYEES IN RUSSIA." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2017-3-52-56.
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The article considers the average monthly real wages and salaries of employees of the Southern Federal District in the period 2013-2016. To assess the types of economic activity from the point of view of remuneration for the year 2016, the data are ranked into four groups, where later, outsider industries and leading spheres of economic activity were identified. In the conditions of the transition economy, one of the topical and acute problems is the problem of labor remuneration, the solution of which predetermines the growth of the material and physical well-being of company personnel, as well as the level and prospects for the development of economic entities in the region. At the same time, it should be noted that the existing system of labor remuneration for firms of various organizational and legal forms of ownership of the Russian Federation does not allow to properly provide a sufficient level of motivation for the staff of organizations, which leads to insufficient labor productivity. Thus, increasing the efficiency of economic entities should be considered through the prism of increasing the level of staff salaries through the economic interest of the personnel of economic entities. The reasons stipulating the problems of sectoral and regional differentiation of labor remuneration in the Russian Federation are considered, and later the ways of solution are suggested.
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Kisiel, Roman, and Magda Orłowska. "Minimum Wage and its Functions in Poland." Olsztyn Economic Journal 10, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3134.
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The article discusses the issues concerning the minimum wage. Remuneration is the inseparable element of work provided to the employer. Currently, numerous forms and types of it exist, among them the minimum wage which has been the subject of political and media discussions for many years. That subject attracts immense attention and on can find many different and contradictory opinions concerning it. The objective of this article is to draw attention to the issues of minimum wage in Poland analysing the results of own studies that were conducted in 2013. The questionnaire based survey covered 200 respondents, mainly employees, people searching for a job and employers. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions with the legend (the last 5 questions concerning the sociodemographic situation of the respondents). The minimum wage in Poland is the subject of numerous arguments and disagreements among the employees, trade unions and the government; that is why the article presents not only the principles of minimum wage operation but also the consequences both positive and negative. It also presents the correlation between the costs of work and the minimum remuneration as well as its influence on employment moving from the discussion and analysis of own studies concerning the functioning of the minimum wage in Poland as seen by the unemployed, employees and employers. The vast majority of the respondents (79%) are for the minimum wage increase. And 69% of the respondents believe that the minimum remuneration has the largest influence on the employer.
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SZALAY, Zoltan. "Istvan Pavai: Hungarian Folk Dance Music of Transylvania – Review." Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series VIII:Performing Arts 14(63), Special Issue (January 27, 2022): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.pa.2021.14.63.3.19.
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Among the territories of the Carpathian Basin inhabited by Hungarians, Transylvania proved to be the most suitable field for the interethnic research of the music related to choreographic folklore. Most professional musicians in the rural areas, who receive regular or intermittent payment in money or other forms of remuneration, are of Romani ethnicity. The existence of musical instruments in the accompaniment of dances is richly documented since the 15th and 16th centuries. Hungarian ethnochoreology defines three types of musical accompaniments for the dances: rhythmic accompaniment (without melody), merely melodic accompaniment, and complex accompaniment created by the combination the first two types. A number of accompaniment types, considered ideal by local communities, had been established. These include the duos flute–gardon, fiddle–gardon (the gardon/gordunǎ being a stringed percussion instrument), fiddle or flute with koboz/cobzǎ, the trios made up of violin–cimbalom/ţambal–bass, or fiddle–kontra–double bass, the most common band consisting of a fiddle, a three-stringed kontra with flat bridge, and a bass (without cimbalom/ţambal). The rhythmic formulae provided by these instrumental ensembles specialized in accompaniment-playing constitute the musical support of the dances, at the same time they play an important role in defining the dance types. The three main types of rhythmic accompaniment are: slow dűvő/duva (in quarters), fast dűvő/duva (in eighths) and the estam (produced by eighth notes, alternately played by different instruments). The musical folklore of Transylvania inherited several principles of harmonization, such as the drone/ison principle, various forms of heterophony, polyphony focused on pivotal melodic notes, the accompaniment with mixtures of major triads, and the tonal-functional harmonization.
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Golinowska, Stanisława. "WORK AND WELFARE STATE: MULTIPLE DEPENDENCIES." Polityka Społeczna 560-561, no. 11-12 (December 31, 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5535.
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The subject of this article is the dissociation of dependencies between labour taxation and the development of the welfare state. On the one hand, we are dealing with the emergence of various types of non-standard work and forms of remuneration with reduced taxation. On the other hand – with an increase in entitlement to appropriate (in terms of type and amount) social benefits, determined on the basis of general human and social rights, including various rights not related to work and employment. There is no coordination between the two sides, as evidenced by successive reforms; both in the labor market and in social security systems. These reforms are indicated in the text and their limited effectiveness in reconciling the new labour market with the desired scope of the welfare state has been assessed. This is linked to the currently most expensive public sectors: health care, education and pensions.
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Golinowska, Stanisława. "EMPLOYMENT AND WELFARE STATE: MULTIPLE DEPENDENCIES." Polityka Społeczna 16, no. 1 (ang) (January 31, 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5797.
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The subject of the article is the consideration about the dissociation of dependencies between labour taxation and the development of the welfare state. On the one hand, we are dealing with the emergence of various types of nonstandard work and forms of remuneration with reduced taxation. On the other hand – with an increase in entitlement to appropriate (in terms of type and amount) social benefits determined on the basis of general human and social rights and various rights not related to work and employment. There is no coordination between the two sides, as evidenced by successive reforms; both in the labour market and in social security systems. They were indicated in the text and their limited effectiveness was assessed in reconciling the new labor market with the desired scope of the welfare state, which covers its most expensive segments today: health care, education and old age security
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Shimko, Olena. "Payment system of agricultural workers of Donetsk and Luhansk regions in 1965 – 1985." Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, no. 2 (45) (December 25, 2021): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.2(45).2021.246663.
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The article considers the organization of the system of remuneration of agricultural workers in Donetsk and Luhansk regions in the mid-1960s and mid-1980s. The main role in the income of the Soviet people was played by wages. It was the main lever of material incentives for the population to work. Its changes directly affected the well-being of the region's residents, as wages were the main source of livelihood for the Donbass population. The main component of the salary was the tariff rate. The authorities systematically reviewed the system of rates and salaries, believing that this would help achieve the main goal to ensure the optimal share of the tariff part in wages. The search for the most rational ways to create an effective system of material remuneration of workers in the 1960-80s continued quite actively. In general, wages in the country were regulated mainly by the state, market mechanisms were not involved in this process. Much attention is paid to the legislative justification of the formation and changes in the system of remuneration of their labor. In particular, the relevant resolutions of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR, decisions of the Plenums of the Central Committee, local authorities, etc. are traced. On the basis of the above documents, the level of salaries of agricultural workers, the procedure for calculating various types of surcharges and bonuses, their differences in the years and main positions under study are analyzed. For almost the entire period under study, there has been a relentless search for optimization of wages in rural areas, but this search has had almost no effect on a significant improvement in the living standards of peasants. Different forms of wage distribution are also considered, salaries of management and agricultural specialists are analyzed and compared. The aspect of the existence of homesteads as a means of additional income is studied. The author gives a generalized description of the changes in the system of remuneration of rural workers during 1965 1985, following it from archival materials. The main attention is paid to the shortcomings in the system of wages in agriculture, reveals the unfair distribution of monetary expenditures on the wage fund.
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Arsentyev, Viktor M. "MONETARY FORMS OF PAYMENT OF WORK IN THE RUSSIAN PATRIMONY INDUSTRY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION)." Economic History, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 263–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.042.014.201803.263-275.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the consideration of changes which took place in the system of remuneration for work in the patrimonial industry of Russia in the first half of the XIX century. The methods of mobilizing of workers for industrial enterprises are considered, the value of the monetary form of payment for different categories of workers is characterized. The methods of labor stimulation applied by noblemen-industrialists with a view of increase of labor activity of workers and increase in labor productivity are investigated. Methods and Materials. When solving the set research tasks, materials from the funds of federal and regional archives, published sources, as well as scientific literature were used. To analyze the nature and direction of the processes that took place in the industry of serf Russia, the modernization theory was applied. When processing quantitative data, a statistical method was used, and for a more detailed immersion in the subject of the study, a micro-historical approach was applied. Results. The conducted research showed that capitalist experiments at the patrimonial enterprises of the Middle Volga region, connected with increasingly firmly established industry in the first half of the XIX century the tradition of applying monetary forms of labor for their own serf and household people, was used by many noble entrepreneurs in their industrial manufactures. The monetary forms of remuneration were methods of intensifying forced labor and were aimed at increasing the profitability of the patrimonial enterprises. Discussion and Conclusion. In the patrimonial industry of the Middle Volga region in the first half of the XIX century, the use of labor of serfs and household people was gradually transferred to a commercial basis, and only serfs were employed in the form of corvee labor for auxiliary servicing. While maintaining the connection with the land and legal dependence on the owner, the position of the working patrimonial manufactory acquired a dual character: on the one hand, elements of contractual employment relations were present on a market basis, and on the other, feudal features of forced recruitment were preserved. The statistical analysis of payroll data in patrimonial factories, mainly cloth, revealed significant differences in its size, depending on gender, age, professional specialization and skill level of workers. But in general, the size of the monetary payment of labor remained rather low. The absence of any formally fixed rates often allowed the factory owners, at their own discretion, to evaluate certain types of labor, and on this basis to compile the wage pay tables for industrial workers, the vast majority of whom were also in a state of non-economic coercion.
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Baidybekova, S. K. "On the Issue of Improving Remuneration System in Budget Organizations of the Republic of Kazakhstan." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 8, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2021-8-3-17-30.
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Budget organizations are created by public authorities, they are non-profit organizations whose activities are related to the provision of various types of services. They are financed by the state budget on the basis of financing plans of higher-level organizations. The main goal of budget organizations is the implementation of socio-cultural, managerial, scientific and technical projects, non-commercial in nature, which and funded by the state budget. The article describes the peculiarities of accounting in budget organizations and analyzes the implementation of an individual financing plan, provides a vertical analysis of the remuneration of key staff of an enterprise, along with the analysis of the number and quality of the staff and its movement in a budget organization. The purpose of the research is to determine the features of accounting and analysis of wages and salaries in budget organizations. To achieve this goal, the tasks were set to determine, on the basis of the analysis, the degree of supply of high-qualified specialists in budget organization; if an organization’s human resources are used effectively and efficiently; to identify the urgent problems in labor accounting and analysis of wages; to develop the main ways to improve accounting processes and increase the efficiency of the use of labor resources in budget organizations. Various research methods were used such as comparative, statistical methods and a structural analysis. In the context of globalization of the economy, the effective and rational use of personnel has a direct impact on the well-being of the people, labor productivity of employees of enterprises of all forms of ownership, including budget organizations. The article proposes the methodology to assess the effectiveness of labor resources within each structural unit, as well as for each employee personally by applying such methods as questioning, testing, appraisal interviews and others. The problems of accounting and analysis at enterprises in the context of international financial reporting standards are currently relevant, consequently it is necessary to work further to improve the organization of accounting and analysis of staff remuneration in budget organizations.
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Yumatov, Vasiliy, Vladimir Timchenko, Svetlana Kozmenkova, and Guzaliya Klychova. "FORENSIC ACCOUNTING EXPERTISE OF PAYMENT WITH PERSONNEL: PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENT." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 16, no. 4 (January 8, 2022): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2073-0462-2022-140-147.
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In modern conditions, forensic examination is of particular importance, which determines its further development as a scientific branch of knowledge and type of activity. Forensic accounting examination of labor and its payment includes determining the correctness of the calculation of wages to employees, planning the wage fund, the correctness of the application of forms of remuneration, calculation of wages (including incentive payments and additional wages, payment for holidays, weekends, downtime), the correctness of attributing to the composition of production costs (work performed, services rendered), payment or non-payment of wages. Forensic accounting expertise of payroll settlements with employees is one of the most demanded subtypes of expertise. However, problems remain in her methodology that need to be resolved. The aim of the study is to develop the theoretical foundations of forensic accounting expertise of payments to personnel. Due to the lack of standard methods, we propose the definition of the subject, object and tasks of forensic accounting expertise of settlements with employees on wages, the types of work of such an examination stage as research, as well as an algorithm for conducting expert research to identify cases of non-payment of wages to employees of the organization. These proposals will optimize the activities of the forensic expert-economist, contribute to the development of methods and organization of forensic accounting expertise, the correctness of calculations with employees on wages and their timely payment
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Zolotarova, Nataliia, Hennadii Shevchuk, and Andrii Shevarikhin. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (September 2018): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-116-119.
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The aim of the article is to analyse the foreign experience of the social security system of law enforcement personnel, to distinguish the features of establishing the rates and types of remuneration for law enforcement personnel in foreign countries, to determine the interrelation between the standard of social security and work experience and professional competencies. The subject of the study is the foreign experience of the social security system for law enforcement officials. Methodology. The study is based on a comparison of the social security system for law enforcement officials in Ukraine and in foreign countries. The analysis of the features of social security for law enforcement officers enabled to determine the advantages and disadvantages of different social security systems. A comparative legal study of certain provisions of Ukrainian legislation enabled to reveal the possibilities and limits of the application of positive foreign experience in this sphere. The results of the study revealed that in Ukraine the solution of problems on the performance improvement of law enforcement is interrelated with the issues of social security for personnel at work. Therefore, nowadays one of the main objectives is the development of a clear system of social security for law enforcement officers, including police officers, formation of an effective system of remuneration, based on performance indicators. Practical implications. In developed countries, the practice of social policy has formed several areas of its implementation. These include wage policy, social insurance, including medical, pension insurance, housing policy, as well as allowances and social benefits. Some aspects of social security for employees should be studied as a positive example for Ukraine in the course of social reforms. However, the application of foreign experience does not mean a mechanical transfer of certain forms of social security of foreign countries to Ukrainian reality. It should be considered that some aspects of reforming social security for law enforcement officers are universal; other aspects can be applied only under certain conditions related to the political situation in the country, the level of economic development, traditions, as well as the level of crime and criminalization of society. Relevance/originality. A comparative analysis of the ratio of social security systems for law enforcement officers is the basis for developing the most promising areas of domestic legislation in this sphere.
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Chernousov, A. A., and E. V. Vavilova. "Development experience of information system for ranking of academic and pedagogical staff." Open Education 23, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2019-1-76-85.
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Purpose of research. The aim of this work is research of algorithms for quantitative assessment of intellectual potential (rating) of academic and pedagogical staff in higher educational institutions, as well as the development of technology for the application of these algorithms in practice.Materials and methods. According to the authors, the most appropriate method of assessing the diverse activities of the Faculty members is a technique based on the method of qualimetry – ranking objects in ascending or descending order based on the calculation of a certain set of features. This approach was embodied in the rules of rating of academic and pedagogical staff of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics. Due to the fact that the indicators can change annually the possibility of dynamic adjustment of indicators was provided in the project implementation. An important factor affecting design decisions is the need to process a large number of indicators in a limited time. At the same time, the preparation of data (their input and control, coordination) should be engaged in a large number of people who are employees of different departments, geographically distributed, in different subordination. In addition, it was necessary to take into account the possibility of new requirements for output forms. As a result, the concept of an automated rating system of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics was based on the following design decisions: dynamic setting of indicators and algorithms of ranking, the dynamic configuration of the personal account of the rated academic and pedagogical staff, external configuring of control parameters, the possibility of creating extensible libraries of output forms, the use of Internet technologies.Results. As a result of work the system of indicators of quantitative assessment, technology of their collecting and storage is prepared, and also the information system providing collecting, processing and display of the received results in an acceptable form on the basis of Internet technologies is realized. The technology of dynamic adjustment of the collected indicators, binding to the places of their formation, as well as setting the output forms has shown its effectiveness.Conclusion. Experience in the implementation of the rating system in Plekhanov Russian University of Economics showed that the independent automated assessment of the activity efficiency of officers allows to improve the mechanism of planning and personnel management system, allows to create model of stimulation of the types of activity influencing increase of the place of University in the Russian and international ratings, and also creates conditions for positive dynamics of growth of level of qualification of academic and pedagogical staff. At the same time, rating enables employees to identify areas for development and improvement, influence their earnings and receive competitive remuneration for their work. Implementation of rating system in Plekhanov Russian University of Economics proved the flexibility of the proposed approach, reduction of labor costs for data processing, full transparency of calculations, and, as a consequence, reduction of questions from the rated academic and pedagogical staff. In addition, the directions of technological development of the system are identified.
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Popova, Irina P. "Independence in professional activity: a glance at long-term trends." VESTNIK INSTITUTA SOTZIOLOGII 31, no. 4 (2019): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2019.31.4.619.
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This article considers the autonomy at work trends in Russia for more than 15 years on the basis of monitoring data "Social differences in modern Russian society". A degree and characteristics of autonomy in work depend on external conditions and are manifested differently in different periods. The 1990s are a watershed of these periods. The established trends in the degree of manifestation of different types of autonomy in work are shown. There is a marked contradiction between the assessment of their autonomy and limiting framework of its manifestation: in comparison with 2015, in 1999, employees evaluated it significantly higher. This can be explained by adaptation to changing conditions of work and employment. At the same time, the organization of the workplace, according to the estimates of workers, does not give great opportunities to show their autonomy. This trend has been observed throughout the years of the survey. Meanwhile, workers are noticeably more likely to feel the insignificance of their level of autonomy. The study confirmed the relationship of autonomy in labour relations with professional status: a high level of power, education, well-being. There is a decrease in autonomy of the heads of organizations and managers of the lower level. Working conditions are also important: forms of employment, contract, remuneration. Personal characteristics associated with attitudes to change in their lives, play a role. The influence of age and sex is not so significant. Trends in the situation of self-employment are noted: the growth of the scale, professional and qualification compliance. This confirms the assumption that compulsion characterizes self-employment to a lesser extent than in the 1990. It is concluded that autonomy in work is a characteristic of a more privileged social position of workers, as well as emerging social groups of self-employed.
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Laci, Amarildo, Armela Maxhelaku, and Ilir Rusi. "Equality at Work and Discrimination in Employment and Occupation." Journal of Educational and Social Research 7, no. 2 (May 24, 2017): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/jesr.2017.v7n2p67.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to give some general views on international labour standards, regarding equality of opportunity and treatment. It is important to mention that respecting freedom from discrimination, as a fundamental human right, places a great importance in guaranteeing other rights for workers. Equality standards applied by ILO provide methods which aim to fight against discrimination in society and in the workplace of the employers. One part of this paper is focused in analyzing the term “discrimination”, focusing in different forms that can occur at work, the target group which it can affect and measures that can be taken in order to provide equality at work. This paper analyses the scope and the obligations under ILO instruments, such as three fundamental conventions. One of the most important conventions is the convention concerning discrimination regarding occupation and employment, “Discrimination Employment and Occupation” Convention nr. 111. This fundamental convention represents discrimination as every different treatment which has effect on equality of creating same possibilities for everyone in occupation or employment. According to this legal act, it is mandatory the implementation of a national legislation which promotes equality of treatment and opportunity, regarding occupation and employment in general, designed to eliminate all types of different treatment in these fields. This paper is focused especially on analyzing the “Workers with Family Responsibilities” Convention, 1981, which refers to standards on equal treatment and opportunities for both women and men workers. “Workers with Family Responsibilities” Convention, applies to workers with such responsibilities, which restrict their possibilities to involve in an economic activity. The purpose is to provide an effective implementation of standards related to equality of treatment and opportunity for both women and men workers, in order to guarantee free choice of employment to help workers which have family responsibilities and to take into consideration their needs. Furthermore in this paper will be identified the methods that governments should apply, which aim to provide the application of the standard of equal compensation for workers, according to “Equal Remuneration” Convention, 1951 (No. 100).
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Brady, Gordon L. "Public Private Partnerships: Rome’s EPrix, auto industry mergers and repercussions, turnpikes and toll roads." Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development 3, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v3i2.1151.
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This paper uses Public Choice analysis to examine the case for and experience with Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs). A PPP is a contractual platform which connects a governmental body and a private entity. The goal is to provide a public sector program, service, or asset that would normally be provided exclusively by a public sector entity. This paper focuses on PPPs in developed countries, but it also draws on studies of PPPs in developing countries. The economics literature generally defines PPPs as long-term contractual arrangements between a public authority (local or central government) and a private supplier for the delivery of services. The private sector supplier takes responsibility for building infrastructure components, securing financing of the investment, and then managing and maintaining this facility.However, in addition to those formed through contracts, PPPs may take other forms such as those developed in response to tax subvention or coercion, as in the case of regulatory mandates. A key element of PPP is that the private partner takes on a significant portion of the risk through a schedule of specified remuneration, contingency payments, and provision for dispute resolution. PPPs typically are long-term arrangements and involve large corporations on the private side, but may also be limited to specific phases of a project.The types of PPPs discussed in this paper exclude arrangements which may result from government mandates such as the statutory emission mandates imposed on automobile manufacturers and industrial facilities (e.g., power plants). It also excludes PPP-like organizations resulting from US section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, which provides tax subsidies for certain public charities, scientific research organizations, and organizations whose goals are to prevent cruelty to animals or erect public monuments at no expense to the government. This paper concludes that an array of Public Choice tools are applicable to understanding the emergence, success, or failure of PPPs. Several short case studies are provided to illustrate the practicalities of PPPs.
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Gutsalenko, L. V., and M. S. Nikolenko. "Peculiarities of accounting of payment calculations in a pandemic condition." Bioeconomics and Agrarian Business 11, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/bioeconomy2020.03.005.
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The article considers the forecast of the International Labor Organization on the unemployment rate caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The real indicators of unemployment in Ukraine in terms of months during the introduced quarantine in 2020 are analyzed and these data are compared with the indicators for the same period in 2019. The main possible ways of preserving jobs with compliance with quarantine measures, as well as minimizing labor costs and maintaining the level of productivity. Each of the methods listed in the article is described. Emphasis is placed on the peculiarities of their documentation at enterprises. The accounting of payroll calculations under different conditions during quarantine has been studied. In particular, a detailed study of the payment of various types of leave during quarantine, their documentation and conditions of granting. Particular attention is paid to the provision of free vacations, its duration and features of extension. The issue of accrual of the Unified social contribution when granting an employee vacations without pay is considered. The peculiarities of payment of part-time employees and employees transferred to shift work during quarantine are compared. Peculiarities of overtime pay for hourly forms of payment have been studied. Remuneration for remote work and the the regime under which the performance of official duties may be performed are analyzed. The possibility of providing employees with other benefits for work is considered. Possible payments to employees, and also features of accrual and payment of taxes during downtime are highlighted. The views of scientists on this subject are analyzed. The experience of other countries on the issue of payment in a pandemic is considered. Suggestions are given on possible measures and details of accounting for payroll during the quarantine period. The form of the internal economic reporting for control of the used and unused days of vacations is offered. Conclusions are made on the information presented in the article.
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Filin, S. A., D. K. Balakhanova, and A. A. Tleubergenov. "Labor remuneration: systems, forms, methods (methodological aspect)." Normirovanie i oplata truda v promyshlennosti (Rationing and remuneration of labor in industry), no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-3-2011-03.
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Remuneration of labor occupies a special place in solving issues of the social and labor sphere and social policy of the organization. This is due to its significance in ensuring life sustenance, as well as the functions that it performs in the development of society and the economy. That is why it is so important to take into account the methodological aspects of its formation when using forms and systems of remuneration at the enterprise.
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Filin, S. A., A. N. Aitymbetova, S. S. Ibraimova, and E. E. Zhusipova. "Organization and forms of remuneration at enterprises." Normirovanie i oplata truda v promyshlennosti (Rationing and remuneration of labor in industry), no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-3-2110-03.
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Currently, amid the economic crisis associated with the Covid-19 pandemic, each enterprise, regardless of its structure and type of ownership, is in a continuous mode of choice: to reduce personnel costs and retain qualified personnel and jobs. At the same time, in order to preserve jobs and continue production activities, it is important not to preserve the employee’s contribution. The employee must be motivated to increase labor productivity and the quality of products, and this must be directly related to his salary.
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Васильева and Elena Vasileva. "Contemporary remuneration systems of companies." Economics of the Firm 1, no. 1 (November 30, 2012): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/234.
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Considered basics of wages — current state of the tariff system and the forms of wages. Covered such advanced forms of wages as the tariff free of wages system, categorization of managerial staff with a view to determine the level of their wages, form of liberal staff stimulation, in particular participation in the profits. Presented characteristics of evaluation of the effectiveness of wages organization on the factories.
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Akinina, Ksenia O., and Olga A. Rasskazova. "Features of Personnel Motivation and Incentivization in the Electric Power Industry." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 55 (2021): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/55/6.
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The article discusses the role of human resources in the efficiency of an organization. Employees influence the result of the company’s activities and make the company competitive in the market. The authors consider incentives as part of the HR management system and analyze the relationships between an incentive scheme and labor productivity, an incentive scheme and staff turnover, an incentive scheme and competitiveness. The authors note the importance of the electric power industry in the economy of the Russian Federation, investigate the labor market in electrical engineering in St. Petersburg, and determine a range of problems. Incentives are classified into types. The incentive system of the enterprise includes material incentives and non-material incentives. Material incentives are divided into material monetary incentives and material non-monetary incentives. Material monetary incentives consist of basic wages and additional wages. Material non-monetary incentives are material benefits and rights, as well as non-monetary forms of remuneration. Features of material incentives in the industry are noted. Enterprises in the industry use a lot of material incentives. The study shows that the majority of workers in the electric power industry are satisfied with the material incentives. Non-material incentives consist of moral incentives, organizational incentives, and work time incentives. Systematic informing of staff, organization of corporate events, official recognition of achievements, and regulation of relationships in the team are moral incentives. Improving the quality of employees’ working life, managing an employee’s career, involving the team in the management process, and organizing labor competitions are organizational incentives. Provision of additional rest time, establishment of flexible working hours, and use of flexible forms of employment are work time incentives. Features of non-material incentives for personnel in the electric power industry are analyzed. Leading enterprises of the electric power industry use company websites to inform staff. Organization of corporate events is a common incentivization method at Russian enterprises. Sports activities are most effective for increasing productivity. Enterprises of the industry do not organize creative competitions, but such competitions are necessary for satisfying the need in the implementation of employees’ creative abilities. Official recognition of merit in the power industry is manifested in the placement of the best employees’ photos on the honor board and in the granting of awards. Relationships in the team are regulated by codes of corporate ethics. The results of a special assessment of jobs at enterprises of the industry demonstrate that there are no optimal working conditions in the electric power industry. Practice shows that the opportunity of career advancement depends on the scale of the enterprise: the larger the number of staff, the more ramified the management structure and the more opportunities for career advancement. Involvement of teams in the management is difficult due the large number of enterprises in the industry. Labor competitions for teams are organized, and they are very efficient for the industry. Enterprises do not give work time incentives. The authors make recommendations on how to use various incentives at enterprises of the energy industry and name the factors influencing the incentive system.
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Sheveleva, I., and V. Shevelev. "Selection of forms and systems of remuneration in agricultural organizations." Normirovanie i oplata truda v sel'skom hozyajstve (Rationing and remuneration of labor in agriculture), no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-06-2001-01.
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Irzik, Emrah. "Forms of Remuneration for Free Software Production: A Reducible Complexity." Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Sociologia 64, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/subbs-2019-0005.
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Abstract How producers of free digital goods can be compensated for their labour is a major topic of debate and controversy in Free Software and related fields. This paper analytically disentangles the multiple modes of remuneration in operation in Free Software and presents the implications from a political economy perspective. The outlook of autonomous commons-based production in information goods is situated in relation to capitalism. In the process, certain conceptual contributions are made regarding the nature of information goods and the commodity form.
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SAKSON, M. L., and V. K. LIKHOBABIN. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FORMS OF PAYMENT FOR LABOR AND THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THEIR APPLICATION BY BUSINESS ACTIVITIES." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3, no. 5 (2021): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.05.03.018.
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The analysis of piecework and time-based forms of remuneration, used at the enterprises of the Russian Federation, is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered forms of incentives for the enterprise and employees are identified and compared.
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Бацокин, Артур, and Artur Batsokin. "Improving of the Remuneration System of Industrial Workforce Based on the Competence Approach." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 8, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5cb70dd3d4ab80.44991751.
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The article provides a rationale for the use of the competence approach in the framework of the tariff wage system for the formation of the basic part of the salary of industrial worforce. The forms of remuneration based on the competence approach are considered. The use of the competence approach as the most effective instrument of remuneration aimed at increasing labor productivity is argued. The analysis of the flaws and particular qualities of the use of time-based forms of remuneration at industrial enterprises in modern economic conditions. In order to increase labor productivity, a set of measures has been formed, aimed at improving the remuneration system of production and industrial personnel. A mechanism has been developed for integrating the variable part, which is based on the results of the employee’s assessment, and the basic part of the salary. Improving the remuneration system based on the competence-based approach contributes to achieving an equitable distribution of remuneration for work, due to the consideration of the individual level of competence, ensures the growth of labor productivity, contributes to the development of the organization’s intellectual capital.
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Kosyak, A. "ORGANIZATION AND REGISTRATION-ANALYTICAL PROVIDING OF CALCULATIONS FROM SALARY IN SYSTEM MANAGEMENT BY COMMUNAL ENTERPRISES." Series: Economic scienceue/view/124 2, no. 155 (April 3, 2020): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-2-155-41-47.
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The problem of the use of labour resources and remuneration of labour is actual enough for today. The ques-tion of economic essence and value of "salary" and "remuneration of labour" is investigational in the article, the legislative adjusting and normatively-legal providing is considered in Ukraine of remuneration of labour, registration-analytical providing of calculations with workers from a salary in control system of communal enterprises, organization of account of calculations is investigational from a salary, forms and systems of remuneration of labour are reasonable, directions of improvement offer. On results undertaken a study it is set that a salary is a money term of cost and cost of commodity, she serves as payment of services of labour of workers, represents socio-economic position in a national economy and stand-ard of living in society. Theoretical and practical consideration of questions about calculations from the remuneration of labour has an actual value, as a remuneration of labour is the important enough link of the system of sociallabour relations and most thorny in a decision socio-economic problem. The questions of salary are regulated by the wide enough circle of legislative and normative documents, that every workplace of accountant, accountable for a certain area account of calculations must be provided from a salary. The major constituents of organization of remuneration of labour are setting of norms of labour, tariff setting of norms of salary, development of forms and systems of remuneration of labour. Order of extra charge and payment of salary on communal enterprises envisaged by the Collective agreement and Statutes about the remuneration of labour. A salary depends on complication and terms of implementation of work, quality of her implementation workers, results of financially-economic activity of communal enterprises and select leaders (by proprietors) principles of the system of material stimulation of workers. For the increase of wage level in Ukraine, to our opinion, it is necessary: to decrease the shadow sector of na-tional economy, decrease the rate of inflation, increase production (works, services) volumes, increase prices on labour force, to perfect a legislatively-normative base in Ukraine. Keywords: a salary, remuneration of labour, organization of account, record-keeping, forms and systems of remuneration of labour, fund of remuneration of labour, is registration-analytical providing, communal enterprise
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Philippou, Pavlos. "Building Types and Built Forms." Journal of Architecture 20, no. 6 (November 2, 2015): 1127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2015.1116880.
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Kabytov, Pavel. "Administrative Decisions: Concept, Types, Forms." Journal of Russian Law 7, no. 12 (October 25, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/jrl.2019.12.10.
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Peponis, John. "Building types and built forms." Journal of Urban Design 20, no. 5 (October 20, 2015): 703–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1106887.
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Palsberg, Jens. "Normal forms have partial types." Information Processing Letters 45, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(93)90243-3.
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Makhnushina, Veronika N., and Anna N. Shinkevich. "Modern types and forms of diversification." Russian Journal of Entrepreneurship 16, no. 10 (June 1, 2015): 1459. http://dx.doi.org/10.18334/rp.16.10.264.
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Mykhailov, M. V. "СORRUPTION BRIBERY: CONCEPTS, TYPES AND FORMS." Law Bulletin, no. 17 (2020): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32850/lb2414-4207.2020.17.35.
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Shamrov, Ivan I., Galina M. Anisimova, and Anastasija A. Babro. "Tapetum Types and Forms in Angiosperms." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 75, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2021-0026.
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Abstract Based on the analysis of literature and our own data, we have suggested a new version of the typification of types and forms of the tapetum. It is proposed to distinguish two types of tapetum: parietal and periplasmodial. Parietal tapetum lines the locule of microsporangium and this position is maintained throughout the development. A periplasmodial tapetum is characterised by the formation of a coenocyte as a result of the fusion of protoplasts, while the cytoplasm and nucleus are located not only between the developing microspores and pollen grains, but also come into contact with the inner layers of the cavity. The differences between tapetum types relate to the peculiarities of structural and temporal reorganisation in anther development. The protoplasts that form after the disappearance of the cell walls (usually at the stage of microspore tetrad, or after their disaggregation), gradually break down (form 1 – typical parietal tapetum), or they form protrusions inside the microsporangium cavity (form 2 – amoeboid tapetum). The protoplasts in the periplasmodial tapetum are formed before or during meiosis. They fuse resulting in a symplast. It is possible to distinguish two forms of periplasmodial tapetum: combining and invasing of protoplasts into the locule of microsporangium (form 1 – typical periplasmodial tapetum), and almost or partly fusion of protoplasts, which do not organise the invasions and maintain the initial position (form 2 – bordering symplast). Data on the diversity and structure of the tapetum, like any other characters, are used to clarify the position of taxa on the phylogenetic tree.
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Komarov, Sergey Mikhailovich. "FORMS AND TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL OUTSOURCING." Chronos: economy sciences 6, no. 2(30) (August 3, 2021): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2712-9713-30-2-3.
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The article is a clarifying study based on the results of the author’s earlier exploratory research. The types and forms of international outsourcing are considered, reflecting the internal structure of international outsourcing and interaction between participants in international outsourcing. The author proposes new classifications of types and forms of international outsourcing.
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Alrouhayyah, Ranim, and Svetlana N. Suslina. "Types of modified release dosage forms." Farmacevticheskoe delo i tehnologija lekarstv (Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology), no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-13-2202-06.
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The article is devoted to modified release dosage forms. It talks about the importance and benefits of these dosage forms. The authors consider the development of technologies for different dosage forms, from traditional forms to forms with various release modifications, including controlled release.
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Bernstein, Judy B., and Christina Tortora. "Two types of possessive forms in English." Lingua 115, no. 9 (September 2005): 1221–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2004.03.002.
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Bila, V. R. "TYPES OF LEGAL FORMS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Series: Juridical Sciences 4 (2019): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/1606-3716/2019.4/17.
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Chapman, Adam, and Andrew Dolphin. "Types of linkage of quadratic Pfister forms." Journal of Number Theory 199 (June 2019): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnt.2018.11.017.
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Lazarev, Feliks V., and Sergey A. Lebedev. "Philosophical Reflection: Its Essence, Forms, and Types." Voprosy filosofii i psikhologii 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2015): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13187/vfp.2015.3.4.
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Karoubi, Max. "Braiding of differential forms and homotopy types." Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series I - Mathematics 331, no. 10 (November 2000): 757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0764-4442(00)01693-1.
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Steadman, J. P. "Built Forms and Building Types: Some Speculations." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 21, no. 7 (December 1994): S7—S30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b21s007.
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A number of speculations are offered about the classification of building types and built forms, in the context of a project to build a database of the nondomestic building stock of England and Wales. This database will be used by the Department of the Environment to help assess national policy on greenhouse gas emissions and energy conservation. The speculations relate to the classification of building types by activities and forms; to criteria of room size and lighting for classifying built forms; to possible regularities in the relationships of wall area to floor area in forms so classified; and to the modelling of hybrid assemblies of different types of forms. Connections are drawn throughout to the land-use and built form studies pioneered by March and Martin at Cambridge in the 1970s, which have provided the starting point for many of the ideas put forward here.
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McBeth, M. A. "Finite types, exponential forms and complete trees." ACM SIGACT News 22, no. 3 (June 1991): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/126537.126544.
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Laitinen, E., and M. Raußen. "Homotopy types of locally linear representation forms." Manuscripta Mathematica 88, no. 1 (December 1995): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02567803.
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Żok, Krzysztof. "Consumer protection in cloud computing contracts stipulating non-monetary remuneration." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 28, no. 1 (2020): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaaa006.
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Abstract The convenience of cloud services rapidly increases their popularity among consumers. Although the services are often marketed as free, the consumer may be required to provide remuneration. Instead of charging a fee, however, providers usually collect assets other than money, in particular consumer’s personal data. This raises serious questions about consumer protection which until recently has mainly covered ‘paid’ contracts. Moreover, treating some forms of non-monetary remuneration as payment is controversial due to the special status of the information provided by the consumer in exchange for the service. The article analyses the impact of non-monetary remuneration on consumer protection in cloud computing contracts, taking as reference points Directives 2011/83 (with the latest amendments) and 2019/770. The following considerations highlight the disadvantages of both Directives, concluding that they do not remove all the concerns associated with cloud computing contracts. The article also indicates possible solutions to the issue of non-monetary remuneration.
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Tsoar, H. "Linear dunes - forms and formation." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 13, no. 4 (December 1989): 507–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338901300402.
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Most geomorphologists and geologists do not differentiate the various types of linear dune and refer to them as one dune type mainly in the terms of linear, longitudinal or seif dunes. In recent morphodynamic and genetic classifications of dunes, all types of linear dunes are lumped under the heading of longitudinal dunes (Wasson and Hyde, 1983; Hunter et al., 1983). This review, however, substantiates three different simple linear dunes - lee dunes, seifs and vegetated- linear - each of which has a different shape and mechanism of formation and elongation.
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Hartmann, Brigitte, and Richard Lavery. "DNA structural forms." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 29, no. 4 (December 1996): 309–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583500005874.
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In the years that have passed since the publication of Wolfram Saenger's classic book on nucleic acid structure (Saenger, 1984), a considerable amount of new data has been accumulated on the range of conformations which can be adopted by DNA. Many unusual species have joined the DNA zoo, including new varieties of two, three and four stranded helices. Much has been learnt about intrinsic DNA curvature, dynamics and conformational transitions and many types of damaged or deformed DNA have been investigated. In this article, we will try to summarise this progress, pointing out the scope of the various experimental techniques used to study DNA structure, and, where possible, trying to discern the rules which govern the behaviour of this subtle macromolecule. The article is divided into six major sections which begin with a general discussion of DNA structure and then present successively, B-DNA, DNA deformations, A-DNA, Z-DNA and DNARNA hybrids. An extensive set of references is included and should serve the reader who wishes to delve into greater detai.
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Nooshin, H., R. Kamyab, and OA Samavati. "Exploring scallop forms." International Journal of Space Structures 32, no. 2 (June 2017): 84–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266351117717519.
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The term ‘scallop form’ is used to refer to a structural form, such as a dome, that has ‘arched’ sectors. Thus, in addition to the general ‘curviance’ of the dome, the sectors are separately arched. The term ‘curviance’ means ‘the way a form is curved’. Also, the term ‘scallop’ refers to the marine creature scallop whose shell has arched ribs. Scallop forms constitute a wide range of spatial structural forms that can provide efficient structural solutions. The form processing programming language ‘Formian’ includes capabilities that allow the geometry of various types of scallop domes to be generated conveniently (visit Formexia.com ). Also, the new version of the language, namely, Formian-K has extended the scalloping facilities of the language to include scallop barrel vaults. The objective of this article is to explore the range of possible scallop forms and to explain how these forms may be generated using the ‘scalloping functions’ of the Formian language. This article contains many practical examples, in terms of which the generation of forms is discussed. This article is meant to be a practical manual for generation of scallop forms. However, to understand all the details of the operations, it is expected that the article is studied together with the necessary background material.
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Bondar, O. S. "WAGES AND MECHANISM OF ITS PAYMENTS IN UKRAINE AND CANADA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Actual problems of native jurisprudence 5, no. 5 (October 2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392196.
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The article examines and compares the concept and size of wages in Ukraine and Canada. In the course of the research the definition of the term’s “salary” and “wage” according to the labor legislation of Ukraine and Canada was considered. The analysis and comparison of the definition of the concept of wages contained in the regulations governing labor relations in Ukraine and Canada. The author's own vision of the definition of "salary" is given. It is proved that wages and remuneration are essentially different concepts between which it is inappropriate to equate, because wages should be paid to the employee for the work performed by him, that is, in essence, it should be compensatory, and remuneration is just an incentive or compensatory nature, for example, the reward should be considered gratitude for conscientious work or outstanding achievements in professional activities, etc. It is concluded that at the constitutional level the right of a person to remuneration and related opportunities are more specifically and in detail specified in the Constitution of Ukraine in comparison with the Constitution of Canada where it is reduced to a minimum. An analysis of the level of wages in Ukraine and Canada, based on the size of wages, different professions and areas of activity. It is concluded that wages play an important role between the subjects of labor relations in both Ukraine and Canada. It is noted that there is a huge gap between the salaries of workers in Ukraine and Canada. Attention is paid to the comparison of the minimum wage in Ukraine and Canada. It is noted that it is positive to borrow from the experience of Canada forms of remuneration, this would eliminate the shortcoming of the current The Labor Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Remuneration of Labor" in terms of consolidating forms of remuneration. The approach to the procedure for payment of wages at the state level in Ukraine and Canada is analyzed, it is concluded that the content of the rules governing the mechanism of payment of wages in Canada are similar to those contained in the Labor Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On Remuneration of Labor", But there are some differences that are positive in nature and bring some flexibility in the regulation of labor relations regarding the legal regulation of wages, which can be borrowed and used in the labor legislation of Ukraine.