Journal articles: 'Forms of preparation'

1

Picotti, Lorenzo. "Expanding forms of preparation and participation." Revue internationale de droit pénal 78, no. 3 (2007): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ridp.783.0405.

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Chang, Wun-Shaing W., and Paul L. Harper. "Commercial Antithrombin Concentrate Contains Inactive L-forms of Antithrombin." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 77, no. 02 (1997): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1655962.

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SummaryThe preparation of antithrombin concentrate for clinical use requires a viral inactivation step. In most commercial preparations this is achieved by heat pasteurisation. This process would be expected to alter the conformation of antithrombin from the active native species to an inactive latent (L-form) state (1, 2). To determine if this occurs during commercial preparation and to identify the proportion of the product in the inactive state, we examined the various antithrombin conformations within a therapeutic concentrate. The antithrombin concentrate was separated into five fractions by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. The fraction with the highest heparin affinity retained full activity, whereas the four fractions with reduced heparin affinity (~40% of the total antithrombin) had lost their inhibitory function. These inactive antithrombins were intact, monomeric, thermostable and resistant to unfolding in 8 M urea. Moreover, the protein patterns on isoelectric focusing and non-denaturing-PAGE showed that there were at least two different L-forms with isoelectric points separate from the native active species. Our findings demonstrate that approximately 40% of the antithrombin preparation examined exists as inactive l-forms. The clinical significance of administering this altered material is uncertain.

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KHALIFA, Ahmed. "The expanding forms of preparation and participation." Revue internationale de droit pénal 80, no. 3 (2009): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ridp.803.0443.

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Dahanayake, Jeevani Maheshika, Pathirage Kamal Perera, Priyadarshani Galappatty, Hettiarachchige Dona Sachindra Melshandi Perera, and Liyanage Dona Ashanthi Menuka Arawwawala. "Comparative Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activities of Tamalakyadi Decoction with Its Modified Dosage Forms." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6037137.

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Background and Objective. Tamalakyadi decoction (TD) is a classical formulation mentioned in authentic traditional medicine text Sarasankshepaya under nasal diseases and used as a remedy for allergic rhinitis. It consists of 12 plant ingredients. Decoction preparations are widely used in Sri Lankan traditional system and considered effective and safe for treating many disorders. However, decoctions have to be used only in fresh state due to shorter shelf life and loss of stability. This decoction preparation method leads to decreasing the patient compliance and is also time consuming. Hence, the objective of the present study was to convert TD to consumer friendly novel dosage form, namely, freeze dried, spray dried, and traditional ganasara forms. Methodology. Therefore, we compared the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of TD with its modified dosage forms. The chemical comparison of four dosage forms comprises phytochemical screening, TLC and HPTLC fingerprint profiles and the antioxidant activities by DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total polyphenol content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). Results. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids in all dosage forms. However, the saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids were more prominent in TD and freeze dried preparation than the other two preparations. HPTLC fingerprint pattern of freeze dried dosage was more similar with HPTLC fingerprint pattern of TD in terms of number of peaks and their intensity compared to that of spray dried and ganasara dosage forms. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH, FRAP, TPC, and TFC were higher in decoction and freeze dried preparation than in spray dried and ganasara preparation. Conclusion. Freeze dried TD is the most suitable ready to use preparation having similar chemical properties and antioxidant activities to TD.

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Olsen, R. L., T. K. Steigen, T. Holm, and C. Little. "Molecular forms of myeloperoxidase in human plasma." Biochemical Journal 237, no. 2 (July 15, 1986): 559–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2370559.

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A radioimmunoassay for myeloperoxidase was established with the use of affinity-purified anti-(human myeloperoxidase) immunoglobulins. By the use of ion-exchange followed by immunoaffinity chromatography a preparation of immunoreactive, catalytically active myeloperoxidase was obtained from fresh human plasma. In non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, the plasma preparation showed about four catalytically active components of mobility very similar to that of the granulocyte enzyme. SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis combined with protein blotting showed that the two polypeptides of strongest antigenicity in the plasma preparation corresponded in Mr to the large and the small subunits of the granulocyte enzyme. In addition, the plasma preparation contained a higher-Mr immunoreactive polypeptide, possibly a precursor form of the enzyme, together with another of Mr similar to that of the large subunit of eosinophil peroxidase.

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Kiseļova, Olga, Baiba Mauriņa, and Venta Šidlovska. "Analysis of Extemporaneous Prescriptions Prescribed by Dermatovenerologists in Latvia and Comparison with Standardized Compounded Preparation Monographs of Germany and USA." Medicina 56, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56010029.

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Background and objectives: Even though many industrially manufactured medicines are available, extemporaneous preparations still have their niche in dermatology. In several countries, dermatovenerologists are one of the specialists prescribing extemporaneous medicines the most. In order to increase the quality of compounded medications and minimize risks to patient safety, several countries, for example, Germany and the United States of America (USA), created standardized compounded preparation monographs. Latvia, unlike these countries, does not have any officially approved standardized compounded preparation monographs. The purpose of this survey is to analyze the extemporaneous prescriptions prescribed by Latvian dermatovenerologists to identify the active ingredients, combinations of active ingredients, and excipients prescribed by dermatovenerologists the most often, and to find out how many active ingredients are most often compounded in different dosage forms. To understand whether the extemporaneous formulations used in Latvia for dermatological indications are evidence-based, they were compared with German and USA formulations. Materials and Methods: A database was created entering data on all the prescriptions prepared in the selected pharmacies in 2017 to summarize information on extemporaneous prescriptions. The prescriptions prescribed by Latvian dermatovenerologists were selected and compared with German and USA formulations. Results: Data from 17 Latvian pharmacies were collected, and 2521 extemporaneous formulations were analyzed. In preparation of semi-solid dosage forms, 25 bulk drug substances and 37 industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of suspensions, 25 bulk drug substances and 10 industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of topical solutions, 23 bulk drug substances and two industrially manufactured preparations were used; in preparation of topical powders, nine bulk drug substances were used; in preparation of oral solutions, five bulk drug substances were used. Conclusions: The analyzed prescriptions contained active ingredients used in Germany and the USA, as well as active ingredients, the use of which is limited in Germany and the USA. In Latvia, topical dosage forms containing two or more active ingredients are widely prescribed.

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Bouwman, Y. "GRP-161 Risk Assessment Forms For Pharmacy Preparation." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 20, Suppl 1 (March 2013): A58.1—A58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000276.161.

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Kumar, Lokesh, Aeshna Amin, and ArvindK Bansal. "Preparation and Characterization of Salt Forms of Enalapril." Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 13, no. 5 (January 2008): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10837450802244686.

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Salem, M. Sheikh, G. K. Pillai, L. Nabulsi, H. N. Al-Kaysi, T. A. Arafat, A. Abu Malooh, M. Saleh, and A. A. Badwan. "Preparation, characterisation and transformation of terfenadine polymorphic forms." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 141, no. 1-2 (September 1996): 257–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5173(96)04626-1.

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10

Singh, Prashant Kumar, Nirmal Bhusal, and Binod Kumar Singh. "SIGNIFICANCE OF CLASSICAL AYURVEDA DOSE FORMS IN CURRENT PRACTICE – A REVIEW." Healer 2, no. 02 (July 31, 2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51649/healer.74.

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Rasashastra & Bhaishajya kalpana is the science of Drugs including identification, procurement, processing, preparation and application. Rasashastra deals with Rasaushadis (herbo-mineral preparations) while Bhaishajya kalpana deals with Kasta-Aushadhi (herbal preparations). All classical text, in particular Charaka samhita, Sushruta samhita, Sharangadhara samhita, Kashyapa samhita etc. have described details of science of posology. The review is done to find the relevance of classical dose in current clinical practice. In this review concept of AushadhaMatra was studied in detail and conclusion was drawn. To get maximum benefit of Ausadha one should have to consider Aturabala and Rogabala before deciding the AushadhaMatra. The scientific approach, type of drug, time and route of administration, different forms and dosage and regimes in Ayurveda are highly significant in current scenario.

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Liu, Gou Sheng, Wen Yan Chen, and Yue Long Liu. "Effect of Wet Ammonia on Crystalline Forms of Ammonium Polyphosphate." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 2176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.2176.

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Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has six crystalline forms, in which form II is commercially applied as flame retardant in engineering plastics such as PP and ABS, form V is extensively studied recently. In preparation of APP, the reaction atmosphere is significant to controllably obtain a certain crystalline forms. In this paper, the effect of wet ammonia is investigated. The results show that low concentration of wet ammonia is suitable for preparation of form II, while dry ammonia is suitable for preparation of form V. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

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12

T S, Remesh Chandran, Manu R, and Vishnu B. "A Preliminary Pharmacognostical and Physico Chemical Assay of Shalmali moola Granules." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i3.1883.

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Ayurveda is concerned with the maintenance of life and the healing of illnesses that present themselves in the human body. Several herbal and Herbo mineral preparations have been explained in Ayurveda for the treatment of disease. Standardization is necessary to ensure batch to batch consistency, as well as for routine drug preparation on a large scale. Modification of old dosage forms and development of new dosage forms is an evolving process that leads significantly to the flourishing of science with a transforming lifestyle and people's interest. The preparation of granules consists of a refined form of Ghana (solid herbal extract preparation) and Khanda Kalpana (solid preparations similar to granules). Shalmali moola granule is a formulation for its beneficial properties such as, Balya (immuno-modulators), Rasayana (rejuvenator), Vajikarana (aphrodisiac) etc. Present study has elaborated standardization, physio-chemical parameters, Qualitative analysis and Chromatography (HPTLC) of Shalmali moola granules. Granules were prepared by adopting reference of Bhaishjya Rantavali and This study will be useful for standardization of Shalmali moola granule and for the preparation of the monography of this formulation for the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI).

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13

Spaltro, J., and J. A. Alhadeff. "Cellular localization and substrate specificity of isoelectric forms of human liver neuraminidase activity." Biochemical Journal 241, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2410137.

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The four major isoelectric forms of human liver neuraminidase (with pI values between 3.4 and 4.8) have been isolated by preparative isoelectric focusing and characterized with regard to their substrate specificity using glycoprotein, glycopeptide, oligosaccharide and ganglioside natural substrates. All forms exhibited a rather broad linkage specificity and were capable of hydrolyzing sialic acid glycosidically linked alpha 2-3, alpha 2-6 and alpha 2-8, although differential rates of hydrolysis of the substrates were found for each form. The most acidic form 1 (pI 3.4) was most active on sialyl-lactose, whereas form 2 (pI 3.9) and 3 (pI 4.4) were most active on the more hydrophobic ganglioside substrates. Form 4 (pI 4.8) was most active on the low-Mr hydrophilic substrates (fetuin glycopeptide, sialyl-lactose). Each form was less active on the glycoprotein fetuin than on a glycopeptide derived from fetuin. Organelle-enriched fractions were prepared from fresh human liver tissue and neuraminidase activity on 2′-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminic acid was recovered in plasma membrane, microsomal, lysosomal and cytosolic preparations. Isoelectric focusing of the neuraminidase activity recovered in each of these preparations resulted in significantly different isoelectric profiles (number, relative amounts and pI values of forms) for each preparation. The differential substrate specificity of the isoelectric forms and the different isoelectric focusing profiles of neuraminidase activity recovered in subcellular-enriched fractions suggest that specific isoelectric forms with broad but defined substrate specificity are enriched at separate sites within the cell.

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14

Nerdy, Nerdy. "VALIDATION OF ULTRAVIOLET SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF MEFENAMIC ACID LEVEL IN SUSPENSION DOSAGE FORMS." Jurnal Natural 17, no. 1 (March 2, 2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v17i1.6540.

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Abstract. Mefenamic Acid is one type of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug that works to relieve pain by blocking an enzyme that produces prostaglandins. The quality requirements that must be met by pharmaceutical preparations are levels contained must meet the level requirement as listed in the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia or other standard books. The purpose of this study was to conduct a validation test of ultraviolet spectrophotometry methods for determination of the Mefenamic Acid level in the suspension preparation. The sample consisted of three suspensions preparation under the trade name obtained from a pharmacy in the Medan city. The solvent used is sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 0,1 N solution and the measurement was done at a wavelength of 286 nm. Validation parameters determined were Accuracy, Precision, Linearity, Range, Limit of Detection and Limit of Quantitation. The results of the determination of the Mefenamic Acid suspension preparation under the trade name Pondex® was 100,39±0,21%, trade name Omestan® was 99,98±0,33% and trade name Novastan® was 103,21±0,83%. All the suspension preparations were determined meet the general level requirement, that contain not less than 90,0% and not more than 110,0% of the amount stated on the label. The results meet the requirements of the validation test of analysis methods with the parameter percent recovery 100,08% for accuracy, relative standard deviation 0,04% for precision, the correlation coefficient 1,0000 for linearity, range 8 μg/mL to 12 μg/mL, limit of detection limit 0,0118 μg/mL, limit of quantitation 0,0356 μg/mL. Keywords: Validation, Spectrophotometry, Determination, Suspension, Mefenamic Acid

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15

Sang, Xiao Ming, Xing Gang Chen, Shou Wu Yu, and Gui Xiang Hou. "Preparation and Properties of Rigid Polyurethane-Imide Foams." Advanced Materials Research 150-151 (October 2010): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.1119.

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A series of rigid polyurethane foams are synthesized via the reaction of isocyanate terminated polyimide prepolymers with polyether polyol. Deionized water and n-pentane are used for blowing agents. The prepolymers and polymers are characterized by conventional methods, and physical, mechanical and thermal properties are studied. The results show that in comparison to pure polyurethane foams, these rigid polymer foams exhibit improved thermal stability as well as good compressive property. SEM of the compressed body of rigid polyurethane-imide foams show that the destructive forms are open-type tear of the film and the breakdown of the cell body wall.

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Korolev, K. G., O. I. Lomovskii, O. A. Rozhanskaya, and V. G. Vasil'ev. "Mechanochemical Preparation of Water-Soluble Forms of Triterpene Acids." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 39, no. 4 (July 2003): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:conc.0000003418.28517.f6.

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Gert, E. V. "Possibilities of nitric acid preparation of powder cellulose forms." Cellulose 3, no. 1 (December 1996): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02228803.

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Bolan, N. S., M. J. Hedley, and P. Loganathan. "Preparation, forms and properties of controlled-release phosphate fertilizers." Fertilizer Research 35, no. 1-2 (February 1993): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00750216.

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SOKOLOWSKI, KAMIL, MAREK STRZALA, and ARKADIUSZ STANULA. "Different forms of swimmers’ final weeks pre-competition preparation." Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29359/bjhpa.12.4.10.

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The pre-competition training phase is a period that precedes the main competition. Combined training phases of overload training (OT) and taper (TP) create the most popular pattern of final form preparation among the swimmers despite the methodology difficulties faced by coaches. In the IPC, the duration and training load were strictly set. The main purpose of training in the IPC is to cause a substantial supercompensation effect by the high volume and capacity of the training. However, high volume and intensity fluctuations typical of the IPC may cause performance regression due to overtraining and exhaustion. The main aim of the taper phase (TP) is to provide recovery and develop peak racing capability for a particular event. This process relies on gradual reduction of training overload (mainly volume) in order to achieve the peak racing ability, after the planned, already achieved high level of swimming performance and efficiency. The duration of the TP and the form of load reduction are crucial factors affecting improvements in the swimmer’s competition times. The TP strategy was identified as the safest and the most beneficial one. This paper aims at providing characterization of training procedures used in IPC and TP, together with a presentation of the physiological mechanism exploited here and a possible performance improvement.

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Nicolet, M., M. Pinçon-Raymond, and F. Rieger. "Globular and asymmetric acetylcholinesterase in frog muscle basal lamina sheaths." Journal of Cell Biology 102, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.102.3.762.

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After denervation in vivo, the frog cutaneus pectoris muscle can be led to degenerate by sectioning the muscle fibers on both sides of the region rich in motor endplate, leaving, 2 wk later, a muscle bridge containing the basal lamina (BL) sheaths of the muscle fibers (28). This preparation still contains various tissue remnants and some acetylcholine receptor-containing membranes. A further mild extraction by Triton X-100, a nonionic detergent, gives a pure BL sheath preparation, devoid of acetylcholine receptors. At the electron microscope level, this latter preparation is essentially composed of the muscle BL with no attached plasmic membrane and cellular component originating from Schwann cells or macrophages. Acetylcholinesterase is still present in high amounts in this BL sheath preparation. In both preparations, five major molecular forms (18, 14, 11, 6, and 3.5 S) can be identified that have either an asymmetric or a globular character. Their relative amount is found to be very similar in the BL and in the motor endplate-rich region of control muscle. Thus, observations show that all acetylcholinesterase forms can be accumulated in frog muscle BL.

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Shayanfar, Shadi, and Ali Shayanfar. "Ionic Liquid Forms of Carvedilol: Preparation, Characterization, and Solubility Studies." Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation 14, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12247-018-9361-x.

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22

Knaepen, E., J. Mullens, J. Yperman, and L. C. Van Poucke. "Preparation and thermal decomposition of various forms of strontium oxalate." Thermochimica Acta 284, no. 1 (July 1996): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(96)02863-8.

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23

Eddleston, Mark D., Bhavnita Patel, Graeme M. Day, and William Jones. "Cocrystallization by Freeze-Drying: Preparation of Novel Multicomponent Crystal Forms." Crystal Growth & Design 13, no. 10 (September 18, 2013): 4599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg401179s.

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Chadha, Renu, Mohit Sharma, and Jamshed Haneef. "Multicomponent solid forms of felodipine: preparation, characterisation, physicochemical andin-vivostudies." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 69, no. 3 (January 30, 2017): 254–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12685.

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Sementsov, Yu I., M. L. Pyatkovskii, and I. G. Chernysh. "Structural transformations during preparation of fine forms of exfoliated graphite." Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 37, no. 9-10 (September 1998): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02675821.

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Bhattacharjee, S., M. K. Paria, and H. S. Maiti. "Preparation of amorphous and crystalline forms of barium titanyl oxalate." Ceramics International 16, no. 4 (January 1990): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(90)90068-q.

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Braun, Paul J., Jan Hofsteenge, Jui-Yoa Chang, and Stuart R.Stone. "Preparation and characterization of proteolyzed forms of human α-thrombin." Thrombosis Research 50, no. 2 (April 1988): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(88)90228-9.

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Kousalya, G. N., Muniyappan Rajiv Gandhi, Natrayasamy Viswanathan, and S. Meenakshi. "Preparation and metal uptake studies of modified forms of chitin." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 47, no. 5 (December 2010): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.07.014.

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Fatima May R., Tesoro, and Faller Erwin M. "NOVEL TOPICAL, REGIONAL & TRANSDERMAL DOSAGE FORMS USING NANOTECHNOLOGY: A REVIEW." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 06 (June 30, 2021): 338–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13020.

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Purpose: To summarize main findings of topical or transdermal preparation delivered in the skin or eye region using novel nano-technology. Method: Narrative review of all relevant papers from peer reviewed and high impact journals. Results: The delivery system of pharmaceutical preparations for skin and eyes are now elevated to novel aerosolized gels, foams, sprays and other forms that are delivered using nano-pharmaceutical dynamics such as Ag nanoparticles,impregnated urethanes, liposomes, nanoemulsions,polymers and nanopolymers. And these trends provide elevation from benefits and limitations of conventional systems such as enhanced spread and permeation, better bioavailability, prolonged efficacy, reduced toxicity and superior stability. Conclusion: An improved delivery system was made possible by novel discoveries using nano-technology. More and more studies in pharmaceutics are centered on using this technological dynamics to formulate and reformulate drugs that are delivered topically or transdermally.

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Squella, Juan A., Gladys Valencia, Igor Lemus, and Luis J. Nunez-Vergara. "Polarographic Determination of Famotidine in Dosage Forms." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 72, no. 4 (July 1, 1989): 549–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/72.4.549.

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Abstract Famotidine, which cannot be electrochemically reduced at the dropping mercury electrode, exhibits catalytic proton reduction waves. The peak obtained by in-phase ac polarography in neutral media is of analytical interest. Recovery studies and individual tablet assays are described. Results show adequate precision and accuracy. Sample preparation is not time consuming, and no excipient separation is required.

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Feng, Anjie, Shanjing Yang, Yue Sun, Li Zhang, Fumin Bo, and Lingjun Li. "Development and Evaluation of Oleanolic Acid Dosage Forms and Its Derivatives." BioMed Research International 2020 (November 25, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1308749.

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Oleanolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that exists widely in medicinal herbs and other plants. Because of the extensive pharmacological activity, oleanolic acid has attracted more and more attention. However, the structural characteristics of oleanolic acid prevent it from being directly made into new drugs, which limits the application of oleanolic acid. Through the application of modern preparation techniques and methods, different oleanolic acid dosage forms and derivatives have been designed and synthesized. These techniques can improve the water solubility and bioavailability of oleanolic acid and lay a foundation for the new drug development. In this review, the recent progress in understanding the oleanolic acid dosage forms and its derivatives are discussed. Furthermore, these products were evaluated comprehensively from the perspective of characterization and pharmacokinetics, and this work may provide ideas and references for the development of oleanolic acid preparations.

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Iyan Sopyan, Ni Made Widya Sukma Santi, Alif Virisy Berlian, Noer Erin Meilina, Qisti Fauza, and Restu Amelia Apriyandi. "A review: Pharmaceutical excipients of solid dosage forms and characterizations." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (April 3, 2020): 1472–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i2.2020.

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Excipients play an important role in formulating dosage forms. Exertion is empowered to help manufacture, provide, or collect dosage forms. Although considered pharmacological, excipients may consider a drug, due to chemical or physical interactions with the composition of the drug. Excipients have many functions in pharmaceutical dosage forms, including enhancing active ingredients in dosage forms, assisting active ingredients, disintegration, lubricants, binders, and suppliers. Each excipient has different characteristics. In this review, a library of studios is provided relating to the function, function, and content of solid excipients in a solid sedan. Various choices can be used on different compositions; resulting, this difference is also different. In this example, describe the types of excipients that can be used for various components in solid preparations that can be used in the formulation of solid preparations and select the right type of excipient according to the character of the desired solid preparation. In this review also presented a method, combining in and characterizing solid excipients to see the quality. The most commonly used methods for analysis of solid excipients are flow properties, compressibility index, Hausner index ratios, and angle of repose, while the instrumentation commonly used is Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), H and C-Nucleo magnetic resonance (H-CNMR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Particle size analysis (PSA), X-ray diffraction (XRDP) and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC).

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Voronin, A. V., and A. V. Karpov. "THE METROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DIOSMIN QUANTITATION IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS." EurasianUnionScientists 5, no. 7(76) (August 20, 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.5.76.950.

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Pharmaceutical dosage forms with diosmin in Russian Federation are allowed for medical using. Simple and informative methods of diosmin quantitation for drug quality control are needed. Background. The metrological parameters determination of diosmin quantitation in pharmaceutical dosage forms by UV-spectrophotometry. Methods. The study subject was Venarus®, Detralex® (tablets, suspension), Phlebopha®. Diosmin was quantified by UV-spectrophotometry. The reference-specific absorbance values of diosmin at wavelengths of 268 nm and 370 nm by the parameters of calibration was determined. Statistical data processing was carried out by methods of variation statistics, correlation, one-way analysis of variance using computer programs ChemMetr 1.0, ChemMetr Evaluation 1.0, Statistica 6.0 (Statsoft Inc., USA). Result. The range of diosmin quantitation by UVspectrophotometry was for wavelengths: 268 nm – 0,0001-0,001%, 370 nm – 0,0002-0,002%. The referencespecific absorbance values for diosmin at wavelengths of 268 nm and 370 nm in a sodium hydroxide solution 0,02M were 463,0±24,6 and 259,0±9,9 respectively. The means errors of diosmin concentrations in pharmaceutical dosage forms were for wavelength 268 nm – 8-12% and for 370 nm – 6-8%. On example Detralex® tablets analysis a prognostic calculation of the sample preparation error (extraction) for diosmin was performed. The sample preparation error was 8%. Conclusion. The values components of error for referencespecific absorbance value and sample preparation error for diosmin quantitation was determined (on example analysis Detralex® tablets). Calculation algorithms can be used to theoretically error estimate of sample preparation for other multicomponent samples in drug quality control.

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Posokhova, Kateryna, Iryna Stechyshyn, Inna Krynytska, Mariya Marushchak, Inna Birchenko, and Ivan Klishch. "Comparative Study of the Effect of Various Forms of Quercetin on Experimental Diabetes." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2018-0046.

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Abstract Background and aims: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia caused by insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. It is a global public health problem. This study aimed to determine specific pharmacological effect of quercetin in water soluble and liposomal preparations in experimental diabetes mellitus. Material and methods: We examined the effect of Corvitin and Lipoflavone (at the dose of 10 mg / kg body weight) in a comparative study in white rats with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes coupled with obesity. To simulate the forms of diabetes mellitus most analogous to those in humans we used Streptozotocin at the doses of 30 mg / kg and 50 mg / kg. We tested the levels of glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and interleukins 6 and 4 in the blood. Results: In animals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes Lipoflavone significantly reduces glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels compared to the rats treated with Corvitin. When administered to animals with diabetes, the effect of quercetin in liposomal form on the concentrations of IL-6, IL-4 and Creactive protein is also larger compared to the water-soluble form. Conclusions: Water soluble quercetin preparation Corvitin and to a larger extent liposomal preparation of this flavonoid, Lipoflavone, show anti-inflammatory effect and restore key parameters of carbohydrate metabolism in experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes coupled with obesity, reducing blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels.

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Sergiyko, S. V., and S. A. Luk’Yanov. "FEATURES OF PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT FORMS OF CLINICAL COURSE OF PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA." Grekov's Bulletin of Surgery 174, no. 4 (August 28, 2015): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/0042-4625-2015-174-4-59-61.

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A comparative analysis of subjective and objective criterion was made in order to evaluate efficacy of preoperative preparation in 101 patients with pheochromocytoma of different clinical course. It was shown the reasonability of monitoring usage of noninvasive method of assessment of systemic hemodynamics (bio-impedance reo-vasography and daily monitoring of arterial pressure) for evaluation of preoperative preparation adequacy. The need of differentiated approach and strategy of preoperative preparation were based on clinical course of pheochromocytoma.

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RASMUSSEN, Tim, Ben C. BERKS, Julea N. BUTT, and Andrew J. THOMSON. "Multiple forms of the catalytic centre, CuZ, in the enzyme nitrous oxide reductase from Paracoccus pantotrophus." Biochemical Journal 364, no. 3 (June 15, 2002): 807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20020055.

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Nitrous oxide reductase catalyses the reduction of nitrous oxide to dinitrogen at a unique tetranuclear copper site, called CuZ, which has a central inorganic sulphide ligand. Limited incubation with oxygen during the preparation of nitrous oxide reductase from Paracoccus pantotrophus results in changed redox properties of the catalytic centre by comparison with anaerobic preparations. While the anaerobically purified enzyme has a catalytic centre which performs a single electron step at a midpoint potential of Em =+60mV versus the standard hydrogen electrode (n = 1), the altered centre shows no redox change under similar experimental conditions. Spectroscopic properties of this ‘redox fixed’ centre are similar to spectra of the reduced ‘redox active’ form of CuZ, although the positions and intensities of a number of transitions are changed in the optical spectrum. These observations are interpreted in terms of two forms of the catalytic centre, called CuZ and CuZ∗. The structural relationship between these forms is unclear. EPR and magnetic circular dichroism spectra suggest that the basic Cu4S structure is common to both. Curiously, steady-state activity of the aerobic enzyme preparation is slightly increased despite the fact the catalytic centre does not undergo detectable redox changes.

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Liu, Gou Sheng, and Yue Long Liu. "Detection of the Intermediate in Preparation of Ammonium Polyphosphate by Temperature Factor." Advanced Materials Research 641-642 (January 2013): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.641-642.193.

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Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is a long chain polyphosphate salt, it has six crystalline forms. In preparation of APP, temperature is significant to controllably obtain a certain crystalline forms. In this paper, the effect of temperature is investigated during the preparation process of APP. Some intermediates are detected, the XRD spectra of these intermediates are discussed. The results show that temperature at 2800C is suitable for preparation of form II. With temperature increasing, water insolubility increases. The results are informative for controllable preparation of APP in industrial production.

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Chavan, Rahul B., and Nalini R. Shastri. "Overview of Multicomponent Solid Forms." Journal of Nanotoxicology and Nanomedicine 3, no. 1 (January 2018): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jnn.2018010102.

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Multi-drug therapy involves the simultaneous or sequential administration of two or more drugs with similar or different mechanisms of action and is efficient in combating various ailments such as cancer, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. It has emerged advantageous due to larger therapeutic benefits, an increase in patient compliance, lower administrative costs, and reduced number of prescriptions. In the recent past, the clinical success of the Novartis product Entresto (sacubitril, disodium valsartan and water) and Esteve product E-58425 (tramadol and celecoxib) has boosted the development of multi-drug . The present article is hence designed to provide an overview of different multicomponent addicts which provide option of combining the drugs at a supramolecular level (nano-sized level). Key features of multi-drug cocrystal, co-amorphous system and eutectics are described with major emphasis on screening tools, preparation methods, characterization techniques, biopharmaceutical aspects and scale up.

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de Oliveira, Stela R., Stephânia F. Taveira, Ricardo N. Marreto, Marize C. Valadares, Danielle G. A. Diniz, and Eliana M. Lima. "Preparation and characterization of solid oral dosage forms containing soy isoflavones." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 23, no. 1 (January 2013): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000007.

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Di Martino, P., P. Conflant, M. Drache, J. P. Huvenne, and A. M. Guyot-Hermann. "Preparation and physical characterization of forms II and III of paracetamol." Journal of thermal analysis 48, no. 3 (March 1997): 447–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01979491.

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Дейнека (Deineka), Виктор (Viktor) Иванович (Ivanovich), Ярослава (Iaroslava) Юрьевна (Iur'evna) Кульченко (Kul'chenko), Ирина (Irina) Петровна (Petrovna) Блинова (Blinova), Андрей (Andrei) Николаевич (Nikolaevich) Чулков (Chulkov), and Людмила (Liudmila) Александровна (Aleksandrovna) Дейнека (Deineka). "ANTHOCYANINS OF BASIL LEAVES: DETERMINATION AND PREPARATION OF DRIED ENCAPSULATED FORMS." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 1 (November 12, 2017): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2018013296.

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Anthocyanins composition of five purple leaves cultivars of Ocimum basilicum L. was investigated by reversed-phase HPLC with mass-spectrometric detection in the conditions of ions partial fragmentation as well as preparation of dried differently colored forms of anthocyanins encapsulated into maltodextrin matrix. Mass-spectra analysis revealed that according to anthocyanin set basil cultivars under investigation may be divided onto two groups with common feature being high level of acylation with (mainly) p-coumaric, ferulic and malonic acids of the same base – cyanidin-3-dihexoside-5-hexoside. The presence of acylation with substituted cinnamic acids permits to obtain solutions not only with red color (the property of the flavylium form) but also with blue shades coloration due to quinoid and negatively charged quinoid forms. All forms exept of flavylium are not stable in solution but stable enough to prepare dried encapsulated forms by lyophilization. And thou the loss of anthocyanins at drying is not negligible the final product is characterized with high stability at storage in refrigerator.

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Giordano, Ferdinando, Andrea Gazzaniga, JoseÄ Ramon Moyano, Paolo Ventura, Margherita Zanol, Tiziana Peveri, and Lorenza Carima. "Crystal Forms of Piroxicam Pivalate: Preparation and Characterization of Two Polymorphs." Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 87, no. 3 (March 1998): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/js970256b.

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Yang, Wen-Bin, Cheng-Hsin Tsai, and Chun-Hung Lin. "The expeditious preparation and reactivity of some protected forms of gluconolactones." Tetrahedron Letters 41, no. 15 (April 2000): 2569–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)00207-0.

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Crowe, A. M., R. J. Ife, M. B. Mitchell, and D. Saunders. "The preparation of 14C, 35S and 13C labelled forms of omeprazole." Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 23, no. 1 (January 1986): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.2580230104.

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Deineka, V. I., Ya Yu Kul’chenko, I. P. Blinova, A. N. Chulkov, and L. A. Deineka. "Anthocyanins of Basil Leaves: Determination and Preparation of Dried Encapsulated Forms." Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 45, no. 7 (December 2019): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1068162019070021.

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Stepanov, V. A., and V. V. Bulatov. "Preparation of Liposomal Forms of a Number of Pyrazolesulfonylchlorides and Piperazinecarboxylates." Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 51, no. 1 (April 2017): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11094-017-1559-6.

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Mukherjee, Archana, Subhashree Sahoo, Haladhar Dev Sarma, Chandra Kanti Chakraborti, and Grace Samuel. "Preparation and evaluation of three mucoadhesive dosage forms using 99mTc–Ofloxacin." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 89 (July 2014): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.01.031.

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Noteborn, H. P. J. M., J. P. H. Burbach, and I. Ebels. "Modified forms of vasopressin and oxytocin in a bovine pineal preparation." FEBS Letters 216, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(87)80689-0.

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Hayes, John A., Kevin S. Eccles, Simon E. Lawrence, and Humphrey A. Moynihan. "Preparation and characterisation of solid state forms of paracetamol-O-glucuronide." Carbohydrate Research 349 (February 2012): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2011.12.018.

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Su, Si Jin, Yi Ding, and Xi Rui Lu. "SHS Preparation and β-Irradiation Stability of Sr-Doped Graphite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 563 (May 2014): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.563.112.

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In order to study the treatment of simulated radioactive graphite contains 90Sr by SHS and its β-irradiation stability, waste forms were prepared in accordance with the reaction 3C + 4Al + 3TiO2 = 2Al2O3 + 3TiC+Q, by self-designed SHS equipment. Then the β-ray irradiation experiments were done at dose of 106Gy to evaluate its radiation resistance. The phase composition and morphology of the prepared waste forms before and after irradiation were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD results indicated that the major composition of the waste forms were Al2O3, TiC, C, TiO2 and AlN after reaction in atmosphere, and the SrO solid solubility could be up to 8wt%. It was found that the surface morphology of waste forms were mostly plate-shaped and mainly in about 10μm. The structure and microscopic morphology of waste forms didn't change significantly before and after irradiation according to the XRD spectra, SEM photos. Moreover, the calculated cell parameters results suggested that the lattice parameters of the main phase (TiC, Al2O3) changed about 10-3~10-2nm after irradiation, and the degree of changes in cell volume was about 10-4~10-3nm3 magnitude. The simulated 90SrO–containing radioactive graphite waste forms showed a certain β-ray radiation resistance.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Forms of preparation'

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