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Fernando, Irosh, and Mahesh Rajasooriya. "Case formulation using Pattern-based Formulation (PBF) methodology: clinical case 2." Australasian Psychiatry 26, no. 1 (October 30, 2017): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856217737885.
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Objectives: To teach psychiatric case formulation; to build a repertoire of patterns that can be reused as building blocks in constructing case formulations. Method: Pattern-based Formulation. Results: Demonstration of a case formulation and introducing three patterns. Conclusion: The demonstration will assist learning case formulation using the Pattern-based Formulation, while the three patterns introduced can be reused when formulating relevant cases.
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Guggila Niharika, Mekala Pallavi, and Arumugam Yasodha. "Formulation and evaluation of Ebastine transferosomes." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (July 30, 2024): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.19.1.0446.
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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating Ebastine containing Transferosomes formulation for in vitro studies. Transferosomes formulations were prepared by using cold method and were evaluated for in vitro characteristics, stability studies. Transferosomes formulation displayed highest entrapment efficiency with desired particle size. SEM analyses showed that Transferosomes formulation was spherical in shape. Transferosomes containing lipid higher percentage of drug release after 8 h as compared to other formulations. F-2 formulation was found to be stable at the end of the study on storage condition. The present study suggested that Transferosomes gel formulations provide sustained and prolonged delivery of drug with enhance bioavailability.
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Guggila, Niharika, Pallavi Mekala, and Yasodha Arumugam. "Formulation and evaluation of Ebastine transferosomes." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (July 30, 2024): 393–400. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13789923.
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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating Ebastine containing Transferosomes formulation for <em>in vitro</em> studies. Transferosomes formulations were prepared by using cold method and were evaluated for <em>in vitro</em> characteristics, stability studies. Transferosomes formulation displayed highest entrapment efficiency with desired particle size. SEM analyses showed that Transferosomes formulation was spherical in shape. Transferosomes containing lipid higher percentage of drug release after 8 h as compared to other formulations. F-2 formulation was found to be stable at the end of the study on storage condition. The present study suggested that Transferosomes gel formulations provide sustained and prolonged delivery of drug with enhance bioavailability.
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Buruju Vennela, Arumugam Siva Kumar, Kassa Jyothi, and Arumugam Yasodha. "Development and characterization of Decitabine Niosomes." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (July 30, 2024): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.19.1.0445.
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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating Decitabine containing niosomes formulation for In Vitro studies. Niosomal formulations were prepared by using different ratio of surfactant (Tween 80 and Tween 20) and cholesterol by thin film hydration method and were evaluated for In Vitro characteristics, stability studies. Span 20 containing niosomal formulation displayed highest entrapment efficiency with desired particle size. SEM analyses showed that niosomal formulation was spherical in shape. Niosomes containing Tween 20 displayed higher percentage of drug release after 8 h as compared to other formulations. F-7 formulation was found to be stable at the end of the study on storage condition. The present study suggested that niosomal formulations provide sustained and prolonged delivery of drug with enhance bioavailability.
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Buruju, Vennela, Siva Kumar Arumugam, Jyothi Kassa, and Yasodha Arumugam. "Development and characterization of Decitabine Niosomes." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 19, no. 1 (July 30, 2024): 382–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13789911.
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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating Decitabine containing niosomes formulation for <em>In Vitro </em>studies. Niosomal formulations were prepared by using different ratio of surfactant (Tween 80 and Tween 20) and cholesterol by thin film hydration method and were evaluated for <em>In Vitro </em>characteristics, stability studies. Span 20 containing niosomal formulation displayed highest entrapment efficiency with desired particle size. SEM analyses showed that niosomal formulation was spherical in shape. Niosomes containing Tween 20 displayed higher percentage of drug release after 8 h as compared to other formulations. F-7 formulation was found to be stable at the end of the study on storage condition. The present study suggested that niosomal formulations provide sustained and prolonged delivery of drug with enhance bioavailability.
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Djunaedy, Achmad, Syaiful Khoiri, Dheananda Fyora Hermansyah Azari, Zahratus Syamsiyah, Gita Pawana, Dita Megasari, and Giyanto. "Development of Bacillus thuringiensis-based liquid and paste formulations for controlling invasive pest species Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 24, no. 2 (June 12, 2024): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.224154-161.
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Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Spodoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pests of maize that has been reported around the world. Control efforts using biological agents continue to be developed, including the use of entomopathogen bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis. To boost the efficacy and efficiency of biological control, formulations are required. The objective of this study was to develop biopesticide formulations and evaluate their efficacy. The research was carried out by formulating B. thuringiensis strain BtJ2 (1010 cfu mL -1) in liquid and paste formulations. The effectiveness of the formulations was evaluated using the feed dipping method. The results showed that paste formulations at a concentration of 10% caused 100% mortality, whereas the liquid formulation resulted in 85% mortality. The LC90 for the paste formulation was 6.66%, while the LC90 for the liquid formulation was 12.90%. Both the liquid and paste formulations had similar effects on mortality and viability. Based on the LC90 and LT90, the paste formulation was more efficient and faster in killing S. frugiperda than the liquid formulation. The results of this study provide recommendations that B. thuringiensis as a bioinsecticide is better formulated in a paste than in a liquid form.
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Djunaedy, Achmad, Syaiful Khoiri, Dheananda Fyora Hermansyah Azari, Zahratus Syamsiyah, Gita Pawana, Dita Megasari, and Giyanto. "Development of Bacillus thuringiensis-based liquid and paste formulations for controlling invasive pest species Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 24, no. 2 (June 12, 2024): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.224158-165.
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Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith (Spodoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pests of maize that has been reported around the world. Control efforts using biological agents continue to be developed, including the use of entomopathogen bacteria such as Bacillus thuringiensis. To boost the efficacy and efficiency of biological control, formulations are required. The objective of this study was to develop biopesticide formulations and evaluate their efficacy. The research was carried out by formulating B. thuringiensis strain BtJ2 (1010 cfu mL -1) in liquid and paste formulations. The effectiveness of the formulations was evaluated using the feed dipping method. The results showed that paste formulations at a concentration of 10% caused 100% mortality, whereas the liquid formulation resulted in 85% mortality. The LC90 for the paste formulation was 6.66%, while the LC90 for the liquid formulation was 12.90%. Both the liquid and paste formulations had similar effects on mortality and viability. Based on the LC90 and LT90, the paste formulation was more efficient and faster in killing S. frugiperda than the liquid formulation. The results of this study provide recommendations that B. thuringiensis as a bioinsecticide is better formulated in a paste than in a liquid form.
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Solon, Lílian Grace da Silva, Ana Isabel Maia de Oliveira, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo Guerra, Luiz Alberto Lira Soares, and Aurigena Antunes de Araújo. "Determination of carbamazepine in pharmaceutical formulations." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 46, no. 3 (September 2010): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502010000300014.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of five different solid formulations of carbamazepine. The reference formulation was Tegretol® 200.00 mg (Novartis) and the others were: generic formulation of carbamazepine 200.00 mg (National Industry), similar formulation of carbamazepine 200.00 mg (National Industry), and two formulations of carbamazepine 200.00 mg acquired from two different compounding pharmacies. The latter consisted of capsules obtained in Natal, the capital city of the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Norte. The quality of samples was evaluated through physical and physical-chemical tests, including: weight, diameter, thickness, content, dissolution, disintegration, hardness, friability and moisture. The results of friability analysis showed that all formulations met Brazilian and United States Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications. In spite of having a higher hardness compared to the reference, the generic formulation had a lower disintegration time. This could be associated to the presence of crospovidone in its formulation. Results of this study showed that all formulations had dissolutions which were in accordance with Brazilian Pharmacopoeia specifications, and quality control tests. An exception was found for the similar formulation, which had a hardness parameter that exceeded the USP standard. However, this difference was not significant given the similar formulation's satisfactory disintegration time.
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Surini, Silvia, Nurul Isti Amirtha, and Delly Chipta Lestari. "FORMULATION AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A HAND SANITIZER GEL PRODUCED USING SALAM BARK EXTRACT." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018.v10s1.48.
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Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Salam bark extract against Staphylococcusaureus, formulate and evaluate hand sanitizer gels containing Salam bark extract, and determine the effectiveness of the gels against bacteria on thepalms of the hands.Methods: The gel base was optimized by preparing three formulations containing carbomer and triethanolamine at ratios of 0.25%:0.5%, 0.5%:1%,and 0.5%:2%. The best gel formulation was mixed with Salam bark extract. The physical stability of gels containing 4.04% (formulation 1) and 7.77%(formulation 2) Salam bark extract was measured at 4±2°C, 27±2°C, and 40±2°C for 12 weeks. The effectiveness of the gels was examined on the palmsof 30 respondents.Results: The MIC of Salam bark extract was 3.12%. The best gel base contained carbomer and triethanolamine at a ratio of 1–4 and a pH of 5.50.Formulations 1 and 2 gels had good stability for 12 weeks. Formulation 2 tended to decrease the number of bacteria (p=0.125) better than formulation1 (p=1.000). In the hedonic study, formulation 2 was preferred to formulation 1.Conclusion: Formulation 2 gel with 7.77% Salam bark extract was more effective than formulation 1 gel with 4.04% extract in decreasing the number ofbacteria on the palms.
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Yano, J. I., and D. Bouniol. "A minimum bulk microphysics." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 12 (December 13, 2010): 30305–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-30305-2010.
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Abstract. Cloud microphysics present extreme complexities, and even under bulk approaches, the formulation tends to be involved. A minimum microphysics is proposed, aimed at applications for geophysical fluid dynamics, by a maximum simplification of a standard bulk formulation. The proposed formulation is also independently derived by a simple phenomenological argument. The formulational structure of the bulk microphysics is also discussed. The autoconversion process formulation is discussed separately in a phenomenological manner, because a formal application of the bulk approach becomes involved. Four major possible formulations for autoconversion are identified. The proposed formulation is tested with a nonhydrostatic anelastic model under segmentally-constant approximation (NAM-SCA).
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Khan, Rahman Ullah, Shefaat Ullah Shah, Sheikh Abdur Rashid, Faiza Naseem, Kifayat Ullah Shah, Arshad Farid, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Majid Rasool Kamli, Eman Hillal Althubaiti, and Soha A. Alamoudi. "Lornoxicam-Loaded Chitosan-Decorated Nanoemulsion: Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery." Polymers 14, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14091922.
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Nanoemulsions are promising drug delivery systems for the administration of poorly soluble drugs like lornoxicam (LRX) by oral or parenteral routes. Such formulations work perfectly for transdermal delivery of lornoxicam-type drugs. It has also been established that formulating such a delivery system is highly dependent on the presence, type, and concentration of excipients taking part in the formulation. The inherent characteristics of nanoemulsion (NE), i.e., smaller globule size and excipient nature, facilitate the drug’s passage through skin. The current study was aimed at the development of an NE-based formulation of LRX to improve the drug solubility in vitro as well as to enhance drug skin permeation to promote therapeutic outcome in appropriate time. Spontaneous self-emulsification technique was utilized to develop optimized LRX-encapsulated NE-based formulations. ATR-FTIR spectra of the pure drug and various formulations did not show any interaction between the drug and various formulation excipients showing compatibility. Globule size for stable formulations ranged between 63–168 nm. These formulations were characterized for viscosity, surface tension, pH, drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and drug skin permeation studies. Chitosan-decorated optimized NE formulation of LRX showed about 58.82% cumulative drug release, showing an anomalous non-Fickian diffusion mechanism of drug release. Drug encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release, and skin permeation studies exhibited promising results. An appreciable drug entrapment efficiency was exhibited by optimized NE formulations LRX-6, 71.91 ± 3.17% and C-LRX, 65.25 ± 4.89%. Permeability parameters like enhancement ratio (Er), permeability constant (Kp), and steady state flux (Jss) showed higher values and exhibited good results based on formulation type. The selected promising formulation type “LRX-6” showed significantly different results as compared to other formulations (LRX-4, 5, and 7). The skin permeation property of the LRX-6 formulation was compared to similar chitosan-based formulations and was found to have better skin permeation results than chitosan-based formulations. This study clearly exhibited that an LRX-containing NE-based formulation can be formulated to form a stable drug delivery system. Such formulations are promising in terms of physicochemical characteristics, improved solubility, and high skin permeation potential.
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Shilakari Asthana, Gyati, Parveen Kumar Sharma, and Abhay Asthana. "In VitroandIn VivoEvaluation of Niosomal Formulation for Controlled Delivery of Clarithromycin." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6492953.
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The present study was focused on formulating and evaluating clarithromycin (CLR) containing niosomal formulation forin vitroandin vivopharmacokinetic behavior. Niosomal formulations (empty and drug loaded) were prepared by using different ratio of surfactant (various Span grades 20, 40, 60, and 80) and cholesterol by thin film hydration method and were evaluated forin vitrocharacteristics, stability studies, andin vivostudy. Dicetyl phosphate (DCP) was added to the niosomal formulation. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were determined from plasma of male SD rats. Span 60 containing niosomal formulation NC2(cholesterol to surfactant ratio 1 : 1) displayed highest entrapment efficiency with desired particle size of 4.67 μm. TEM analyses showed that niosomal formulation was spherical in shape. Niosomes containing Span 60 displayed higher percentage of drug release after 24 h as compared to other formulations. NC2formulation was found to be stable at the end of the study on storage condition. Various pharmacokinetic parameters, namely, AUC, AUMC, and MRT of niosomal formulation, were found to be 1.5-fold, 4-fold, and 3-fold plain drug, respectively. The present study suggested that niosomal formulations provide sustained and prolonged delivery of drug with enhance bioavailability.
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Choudhary, S., Shriya, P. Chauhan, D. Pathania, H. Ritika, N. Chaudhary, and Mamta Sharma. "Herbicidal effects of Withania somnifera L. leaf extract on Cannabis sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L. and Cicer arietinum." Allelopathy Journal 53, no. 1 (May 2021): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2021-53-1-1328.
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We identified the phytochemicals in Withania somnifera L, a multipurpose medicinal plant of the Himalayan región using TLC, FTIR and HPLC. Eleven formulations were made by mixing in different ratios of Withania leaf extract, wood ash and distilled wáter. Wood chips and twigs of 3-years old Pinus roxburghii tree were completely burnt till ashes was used as Wood ash. The 11-formulationss were i.e. formulation I (Withania leaf extract 100%)), formulation II (75:25 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Distilled water)), formulation III (50:50 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Distilled water), formulation IV (25:75 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Distilled water)), formulation V (75:25 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash)), formulation VI (50:50 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash)), formulation VII (25:75concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash)), formulation VIII (Wood ash 100%)), formulation IX (75:25 concentration (Wood ash: Distilled water)), formulation X (50:50 concentration (Wood ash:Distilled water)), formulation XI (25:75concentration (Wood ash: Distilled water)). The herbicidal activity of formulations was earlier studied against Cannabis sativa L. (banned narcotic plant). Their herbicidal activity was tested on seeds germination and seedlings growth of Cannabis sativa L weed and 2 crops: Hordeum vulgare L and Cicer arietinum L. In Pot culture, the formulation V spray caused maximum reduction in root length of Cannabis (53 %) > Hordeum (23 %) and Cicer (22 %) than control. The formulations were also tested on crops for their herbicidal effects. In Petri plate bioassy, the formulation V (75:25 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash) showed maximum reduction in seed germination and seedling growth of C. sativa weed, but had little effect on growth of test crops. The reduction in stem length was maximum (55 %) in Cannabis > Hordeum (20 %) > Cicer (19 %) than control. Glyphosate decreased the stem length of Cicer (80 %) > Hordeum (58 %) and Cannabis (16 %) over control. While the reduction in root length was in Cicer (75 %) > Hordeum (73 %) > Cannabis (18 %) than control. The root and stem extract formulations were more phytotoxic to Cannabis sativa. Formulation V (75:25 concentrations (Withania leaf extract: wood ash)) reduced the number of leaves, number of shoot, root branches and stem and root length of Cannabis sativa.
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Pandey, Prateek, Anil Sharma, Hariom Sharma, Girish Kumar Vyas, and Manmohan Sharma. "Novel Researched Herbal Sunscreen Cream SPF Determination by In-Vitro Model." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 11, no. 2 (April 25, 2023): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i2.1246.
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INTRODUCTION: Researchers' interest in creating novel cosmetic formulations has increased due to consumer interest in herbal cosmetics and increased patent activity. The rights of indigenous traditional knowledge and benefit sharing are also safeguarded under IPR.
 OBJECTIVE: To formulate and evaluate herbal sunscreen with determination of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and anti-oxidant activity. To compare Sun Protection Factor of developed formulation with marketed formulation.
 METHOD: The formulation was developed according to the prepared formula. And multiple tests were done for evaluation i.e., physical observation, spreadability, extrudability, occlusion study, stability study and SPF determination. All the evaluations were found satisfactory. Characterisation of SPF was calculated according to the and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer (LABMAN Scientific instruments Pvt. Ltd.).
 RESULTS:The synergistic activity of all herbal compounds utilized in herbal sunscreen formulations, such as Cucumis sativus, Solanum Lycopersicon, and Aloe barbadensis Efficacy of photoprotection found in following order Marketed formulation > F3 > F2 > F1. For prepared formulation F3 provided better results in comparison to Formulation1 and Formulation 2. Formulation 3 was compared with marketed preparation and it showed good SPF value nearer to market preparation. Overall results were satisfactory. These results reveal that the prepared F3 herbal sunscreen have good SPF and good sun protection activity.
 CONCLUSION: Formulation 3, which consists of three formulations, has been found to be effective as sunscreen in every way. Since few people use sunscreen, there is a need to raise public knowledge of the risks associated with sun exposure as well as the advantages of using sun protection products on a regular basis to lessen these effects. This kind of research will be useful in offering consumers with an all-inclusive solution or product that will protect them from the damaging effects of sunlight.
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Srinivasan, Uma Shankar Marakanam, Vishnu Vishnu, Sharmila Sharmila, and Amod Kumar. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CEFIXIME TRIHYDRATE TOPICAL GEL FOR WOUND INFECTIONS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.26150.
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Objective: The objective of this research work was to formulate and evaluate topical gel loaded with cefixime trihydrate, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic for the treatment of bacterial wound infections.Methods: The cefixime trihydrate gel was formulated using polymers such as Carbopol 940 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E4M in varying concentrations. Three different formulations were prepared and characterized physically for color, syneresis, spreadability, pH, drug content, and rheological properties. In vitro drug release in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and antibacterial study were performed for the gel formulation to evaluate its therapeutic effect on wound infections.Results: The study demonstrated that the gel formulations showed promising results on their physical evaluation tests. The rheology behavior of the gel was shear-thinning flow type which indicated easy spreading of the gel. The drug release of the gel formulation F2 was selected as the best due to its highest drug release rate of 32.2% in comparison with the other two formulations after 2 h of the study. F2 formulation possessed the highest antibacterial activity as compared to other two formulations.Conclusion: A pioneering work was done on formulating cefixime trihydrate as a gel for topical administration. The antibacterial effect of the drug as gel formulation showed promising effect. We conclude that the cefixime trihydrate could be successively loaded into a gel formulation and can be used for effectively for wound infections like diabetic foot wounds.
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Suasin, Mikaela Mae, Mikhaela Camille Tanael, Lea Vanessa Jaro, Desiree Nicole Esteve, April Mergelle Lapuz, Rogie Royce Carandang, and Kevin Jace Miranda. "Preformulation studies of an emulsion containing commercially available argan oil." SciEnggJ 17, Supplement (September 13, 2024): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.54645/202417supbyp-48.
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Background: Argan oil has gained popularity in recent years due to its potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present pre-formulation study sought to investigate the suitability of using commercially available argan oil as a unique pharmaceutical emulsion formulation for oral consumption. This research aimed to develop an efficient pre-formulation strategy for oil-in-water emulsion containing argan oil and optimize the formulation's optimum stability as a pharmaceutical dosage form. Methods: Various analytical and physical characterization techniques were employed in making an emulsion, such as organoleptic analysis, pH level, viscosity, particle size distribution, gravimetric test, and dye method test. The three formulations (A, B, and C) gave different results for the sizes of oil droplets, appearance, taste, and compatibilities. Results: Among the tested formulations, formulation A, containing 5 ml argan oil, exhibited a cloudy white appearance, hazelnut-like taste and texture, higher oil retention, and improved droplet size dispersion (0.58 μm - 116.21 μm). The results indicated that all three formulations have acidic pH values 4.82-5.84. Conclusion: Formulation A demonstrated notable attributes, making it the optimal choice for the oil-in-water emulsion containing argan oil. Addressing compatibility concerns and assessing sensory attributes, pH levels, and particle size distribution successfully achieved the desired pharmaceutical elegance, laying a promising foundation for developing stable and effective oral emulsions.
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Dhiman, Jasmine, and Priya Sharma. "Optimizing Liposomal Drug Delivery for Enhanced Efficacy in Skin Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Experimental Investigation." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 14, no. 6 (June 15, 2024): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i6.6566.
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Skin cancer is a prevalent global health issue, necessitating ongoing research into innovative treatment approaches. This study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of a liposomal formulation to enhance skin cancer treatment and demonstrates its technological viability. A comprehensive literature review establishes the context by examining current skin cancer treatments and the role of liposomal formulations in dermatological therapies. The research objectives are clearly outlined, detailing the liposomal formulation's characteristics and experimental methodologies. Results from the study, including comparisons with existing treatments and statistical analyses, are presented, offering insights into the formulation's potential for advancing skin cancer therapy. The discussion section interprets the findings, addresses limitations, and underscores the transformative impact of liposomal formulations in skin cancer treatment. The conclusion succinctly summarizes key findings, emphasizing the study's significance. Furthermore, the future directions section outlines potential research avenues and improvements to the liposomal formulation. This research contributes to the evolving landscape of skin cancer treatment, highlighting the promising role of liposomal formulations in enhancing therapeutic outcomes. By bridging the gap between scientific innovation and clinical application, this study provides valuable insights into the potential of liposomal formulations to revolutionize skin cancer treatment, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and a more effective approach to combating this widespread and pressing health concern. Keywords: Liposomal formulation, Skin cancer treatment, Technological viability, Comparative analysis, Transformative impact, Methodologies
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Mohd, Hana, Katarzyna Dopierała, Anze Zidar, Amitkumar Virani, and Bozena Michniak-Kohn. "Effect of Edge Activator Combinations in Transethosomal Formulations for Skin Delivery of Thymoquinone via Langmuir Technique." Scientia Pharmaceutica 92, no. 2 (May 27, 2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/scipharm92020029.
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Abstract: Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive compound found in Nigella sativa seeds, possesses diverse therapeutic properties for skin conditions. However, formulating TQ presents challenges due to its hydrophobic nature and chemical instability, which hinder its skin penetration. Transethosomes, as a formulation, offer an environment conducive to enhancing TQ’s solubility, stability, and skin permeation. To optimize TQ transethosomal formulations, we introduced a combination of ionic and nonionic surfactants, namely Tween 20 and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or sodium lauroyl glutamate (SLG). Surfactants play a crucial role in stabilizing the formulation, reducing aggregation, improving biocompatibility, and minimizing potential toxicity. We fine-tuned the formulation composition and gained insights into its interfacial behavior using the Langmuir monolayer technique. This method elucidated the interfacial properties and behavior of phospholipids in ethosome and transethosome formulations. Our findings suggest that monolayer studies can serve as the initial step in selecting surfactants for nanocarrier formulations based on their interfacial dilational rheology studies. It was found that the addition of surfactant to the formulation increased the elasticity considering the capability of transethosomes to significantly decrease their radius when permeating the skin barrier. The results of the dilational rheology experiments were most relevant to drug permeation through the skin for the largest amplitude of deformation. The combination of Tween 20 and SLS efficiently modified the rheological behavior of lipids, increasing their elasticity. This conclusion was supported by in vitro studies, where formulation F2 composed of Tween 20 and SLS demonstrated the highest permeation after 24 h (300.23 µg/cm2). Furthermore, the F2 formulation showed the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 94%, surpassing those of the control and ethosomal formulations. Additionally, this transethosomal formulation exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, with a zone of inhibition of 26.4 ± 0.3 mm. Importantly, we assessed the cytotoxicity of both ethosomes and transethosomes at concentrations ranging from 3.5 µM to 50 µM on HaCaT cell lines and found no cytotoxic effects compared to TQ hydroethanolic solution. These results suggest the potential safety and efficacy of TQ transethosomal formulations.
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Jesi Pebralia. "PRINSIP KETIDAKPASTIAN HEISENBERG DALAM TINJAUAN KEMAJUAN PENGUKURAN KUANTUM DI ABAD 21." JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS 5, no. 2 (July 25, 2020): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jop.v5i2.9049.
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The Heisenberg uncertainty principle is the basic foundation of quantum physics that characterizes quantum physics with classical physics. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle provides boundaries where there are no absolute measurement results in any quantum measurement. Along with the development of increasingly sophisticated measurement instruments in the 21st century, presents the opportunity for the emergence of modifications from the Heisenberg uncertainty principle from the general form of existing formulations. This study aims to provide an overview of the opportunities for Heisenberg uncertainty formulation and provide a description of the stages of the Heisenberg uncertainty formulation's uncertainty formulations that have been reviewed by previous researchers. The research method used is the method of literature study that aims to find out the background and theories of the development of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and to explain the formulation directly which aims to determine the technical sequence of modifications to the existing formulation. Through this research, the authors managed to get an opportunity for the emergence of new modifications to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle formulation.
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Das, Surajit, Sie Huey Lee, Vernissa Dilys Chia, Pui Shan Chow, Calum Macbeath, Yuanjie Liu, and George Shlieout. "Development of microemulsion based topical ivermectin formulations: Pre-formulation and formulation studies." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 189 (May 2020): 110823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110823.
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Samata Biswas, N. N. Bala, Sanjiban Utpal Sarkar, and Madhurina Dutta. "Formulation of colloidal astringent solution using green tea and neem oil." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 18, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.18.2.0280.
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This thesis explores the formulation of a novel colloidal astringent solution utilizing the synergistic properties of green tea and neem oil in skincare applications. Astringents play a crucial role in skincare, offering benefits such as pore tightening, oil control, and skin texture refinement. Green tea and neem oil, renowned for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, present promising ingredients for enhancing skin health. The study begins with a comprehensive literature review, examining previous research on astringents, green tea, and neem oil. This review elucidates the individual properties and skincare benefits of these ingredients, providing a foundation for their integration into a colloidal solution. Relevant formulation techniques for colloidal solutions and astringents are also reviewed, informing the experimental approach. Experimental design focuses on formulating a colloidal astringent solution using green tea extract and neem oil, with the aim of harnessing their collective potency. Physicochemical properties of the solution, including pH, viscosity, particle size, and stability, are characterized to evaluate its suitability for skincare applications. Stability studies over time provide insights into the shelf-life and efficacy of the formulation. Results demonstrate the successful formulation of a colloidal astringent solution with optimized properties, showcasing the potential synergy between green tea and neem oil. Analysis of experimental findings highlights the formulation's efficacy in addressing common skincare concerns, such as pore refinement, oil control, and inflammation reduction. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge in natural skincare formulations, offering insights into the development of innovative products that marry tradition with modern science. In conclusion, the formulation of a colloidal astringent solution using green tea and neem oil represents a promising approach to skincare, leveraging the therapeutic benefits of natural ingredients. Future research may explore clinical applications and further optimization of the formulation to maximize its efficacy and safety in diverse skincare routines.
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Samata, Biswas, N. Bala N., Utpal Sarkar Sanjiban, and Dutta Madhurina. "Formulation of colloidal astringent solution using green tea and neem oil." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 18, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 289–302. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13743850.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the formulation of a novel colloidal astringent solution utilizing the synergistic properties of green tea and neem oil in skincare applications. Astringents play a crucial role in skincare, offering benefits such as pore tightening, oil control, and skin texture refinement. Green tea and neem oil, renowned for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, present promising ingredients for enhancing skin health. The study begins with a comprehensive literature review, examining previous research on astringents, green tea, and neem oil. This review elucidates the individual properties and skincare benefits of these ingredients, providing a foundation for their integration into a colloidal solution. Relevant formulation techniques for colloidal solutions and astringents are also reviewed, informing the experimental approach. Experimental design focuses on formulating a colloidal astringent solution using green tea extract and neem oil, with the aim of harnessing their collective potency. Physicochemical properties of the solution, including pH, viscosity, particle size, and stability, are characterized to evaluate its suitability for skincare applications. Stability studies over time provide insights into the shelf-life and efficacy of the formulation. Results demonstrate the successful formulation of a colloidal astringent solution with optimized properties, showcasing the potential synergy between green tea and neem oil. Analysis of experimental findings highlights the formulation's efficacy in addressing common skincare concerns, such as pore refinement, oil control, and inflammation reduction. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge in natural skincare formulations, offering insights into the development of innovative products that marry tradition with modern science. In conclusion, the formulation of a colloidal astringent solution using green tea and neem oil represents a promising approach to skincare, leveraging the therapeutic benefits of natural ingredients. Future research may explore clinical applications and further optimization of the formulation to maximize its efficacy and safety in diverse skincare routines.
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YAVUZ, Akif, and Osman Taha SEN. "Novel approaches to assessing brake squeal propensity: comparative evaluation of two index formulations." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, no. 4 (October 4, 2024): 7362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_3952.
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The persistence of brake squeal as a significant NVH issue within automotive brake systems necessitates the development of robust methods for assessing squeal propensity. This study introduces two novel squeal index formulations for assessment purposes and evaluates their performance against the formulation defined by the SAE J2521 standard. Experimental data essential for formulating the squeal index are collected on a controlled mass-sliding belt experiment. Experiments are performed at three different spring stiffness levels, and squeal index formulations are derived based on time and frequency domain data. The first formulation places particular emphasis on the time domain, explicitly considering the duration of individual squeal events. Conversely, the second formulation is based on the frequency response characteristics of the system, which considers the number of super-harmonic peaks in frequency spectra. To evaluate the performance and discriminatory capabilities of the newly developed squeal index formulations, extensive comparisons are made against the Squeal Index based on the test procedure described in SAE J2521. In conclusion, through meticulous analysis and interpretation of the experimental results, it is discerned that the squeal index formulation defined by time domain exhibits superior efficacy in discerning the nuanced effects of varying design parameters on the occurrence of squeal-like behavior.
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Jangid, Vikash, Arindam Chatterjee, Saurabh Pandey, Vikash Agarwal, and Deeksha Sharma. "Formulation and Evaluation of Bi-Layer Tablet of Nebivolol and Nateglinide." Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research 12, no. 3 (May 27, 2023): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/jbpr.v12i3.993.
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In the present work, the Bilayered matrix type tablet were prepared by direct and wet granulation technique, in which immediate release layer ( by direct compression) contains Nebivolol and extended release layer (by wet granulation) contains Nateglinide. All the developed bilayer tablets were evaluated for weight variation, friability, thickness and hardness. The percent deviation from the average weight, friability, thickness and hardness was found to be within the prescribed official limits. Release profile of Nebivolol from formulations indicate that lower MCC (Formulations CF1 and CF3) and lactose (Formulation CF3) content displayed higher release rates as compared to formulation with higher MCC and lactose content (Formulation CF2). Also the concentration of KYRON T-314 is also found to influence the release rate of the drug. It was found that formulation containing the highest concentration of superdisintegrants (Formulation CF3) has grater release then other subsequent formulations (Formulations CF1 and CF3). Similarly, the release profile of Nateglinide from formulations indicate that lower HPMC K15M (Formulation CF3) and lactose (Formulation CF3) content displayed higher release rates as compared to formulation with individual HPMC K15M, HPMC K100M, EC (Formulations CF1 and CF2) and higher lactose content (Formulations CF1 and CF2).
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Gayathri, B. Leela, T. Pavani, P. Ram Prathap, V. Ashok Kumar, B. Divya Sree, M. Teja Divya, and T. Siva Prasad. "Formulation and evaluation of dipotassium clorazepate topical gels." International Journal of Experimental and Biomedical Research 4, no. 1 (February 20, 2025): 26–36. https://doi.org/10.26452/ijebr.v4i1.719.
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This investigation aimed to formulate and evaluate a topical gel containing dipotassium clorazepate. To achieve the desired drug release, a topical gel containing dipotassium clorazepate was synthesized using the dispersion method. Three different gelling agents, carbopol 934p, HPMC K100, and sodium alginate, were used in four different ratios. Twelve gel formulations of dipotassium clorazepate that had been prepared were assessed for stability, drug release kinetics, drug diffusion, pH measurement, viscosity, and drug content. Drug-polymer compatibility studies were done using the Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectrophotometer. The absence of extraneous interactions among excipients was established using FTIR. F4 released 98.53% of the drug after the eighth hour and was regarded as the best formulation. Thus, formulations containing Carbopol outperformed other formulations. Even after 6 months, the stability investigation revealed no significant change in the optimum formulation's drug content analysis or in-vitro dissolution study. The stability data were analyzed using the "Stab" software, and the anticipated shelf life term for the best formulation was 12.14 months.
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Thakur, R. S., A. Nayaz, and Y. Koushik. "Formulation and Evaluation of Solubility Enhanced Ciprofloxacin." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 6, no. 3 (November 30, 2013): 2131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2013.6.3.4.
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In the case of solubility limited absorption, creating supersaturation in the GI fluid is very critical as supersaturation may provide great improvement of oral absorption. The techniques to create the so-called supersaturation in the GI fluid include microemulsions, emulsions, liposomes, complexations, polymeric micelles, and conventional micelles. Ciprofloxacin was chosen because it is practically insoluble in water; hence its salt form is used commercially, which is soluble in water. The objective of the present investigation was to enhance the solubility of Ciprofloxacin by formulating it into microemulsion system. For this purpose, initially, surfactant and cosurfactant were selected based on their HLB value, followed by pseudo-ternary phase diagrams to identify the microemulsion existing zone. Different formulations were developed and evaluated for pH, conductivity, in vitro release and stability. Solubility study was performed for optimized formulation. The pH of the designed formulations varied from 6.02-7.04. This was ideal and near blood pH 7.4. Conductivity data indicated that the microemulsion was of the o/w type. In vitro release of optimized formulation(FM3) was 95.2% as compared to pure drug 46.61% after 90 min and marketed product(salt form) 93.9%. Hence, by formulating into microemulsion, the solubility of ciprofloxacin is significantly enhanced. 
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Mounika, P., P. Vishnu, and Abbulu Konde. "Development and characterization of self micro emulsifying drug delivery system of rosavastatin." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 001–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4307465.
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The present study was undertaken to enhance solubility and dissolution rate of rosuvastatin by formulating it as a self -micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). The SMEDDS were prepared by using castor oil and sesame oil as oils, Tween 80 as surfactant and PEG 200 as co-surfactant. The prepared SMEDDS were further evaluated for drug content, thermodynamic stability and <em>in vitro</em> drug release. Among all the formulations the drug release for F2 formulation was 99.70% in 120 min. So it was considered as the optimized formulation. The selected optimized F2 formulation was characterized by drug excipient compatibility using FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and globule size. The stability studies indicate that the formulated SMEDDS was stable for 60 days.
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AOYAMA, SHOGO. "QUANTIZATION OF THE 2d EFFECTIVE GRAVITY IN THE GEOMETRICAL FORMULATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 23 (September 20, 1992): 5761–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92002623.
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There exist various formulations to discuss the 2d effective gravity: (i) light-cone gauge formulation; (ii) geometrical formulation; (iii) formulation by the constrained WZWN model; and (iv) conformal gauge formulation. In the formulations other than the last one, quantization of the 2d effective gravity is not complete in the sense that either the central charges of both sectors are not known, or one of them is known but not the other. We will provide a thorough argument on quantization of the 2d effective gravity in the formulation (ii). The argument will allow us to complete the quantization in the formulation (iii), and establish the relations among the formulations (ii)-(iv) at the quantum level.
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Ashok, Kumar Sharma, Pushpendra Singh Naruka Dr., Shankar Soni Mr., Mohit Khandelwal Mr., Shaneza Aman Ms., and Sharma Mukesh. "DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION HYDROGEL OF KETOCONAZOLE." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 11, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12672946.
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The main aim of this study was to develop a topical drug delivery (Hydrogel) ofKetoconazole to reduce the dose of the active drug, to improve patient compliance, to avoidthe side effects and increase local onset absorption and action. Ketoconazole interfarewith 14-α sterol demethylase, a cytochrome P-450 enzyme essential for conversion oflanosterol to ergosterol. These turn in inhibition in synthesis of ergosterol and also enhancecellular permeability of fungus due to reduced amounts of ergosterol present in the fungal cellmembrane. Methods: Topical Hydrogel formulations development of Ketoconazole wasprepared by using Different-different polymers by enhancer stability and viscosity with theirdifferent concentrations. Six different formulations of Ketoconazole were prepared andevaluated parameters with respect to their colour, Spreadability, viscosity, determination ofpH, drug content of formulations, in vitro drug release studies, and stability studies. Results:FT-IR study results that there were not any interaction between the drug, Polymers, andexcipients. All the developed formulations of Ketoconazole show acceptable standardphysical properties. The drug content and percentage yield were higher for F5 formulationamong all formulation. F5 shows better drug release. Stability study of the best formulationF5 with guar gum polymer was found with best results. Conclusion: From the aboveobservation results that this F5 formulation may be more effective topical formulation for thehealing of fungal infections in the skin.
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Nakka, Samantha A. Jayasree Praneetha. D. *. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF METOCLOPRAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE." Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy 09, no. 08 (August 10, 2020): 13–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7626012.
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<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong> Recent advances in novel drug delivery aims to enhance the safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for ease of administration and to achieve better patient compliance. One such approach is oral disintegrating tablets. Oro-dispersible tablets are a suitable means of drug delivery system for better patient compliance, rapid onset of action, increased bioavailability. The purpose of the present research was to formulate and evaluate the mouth disintegrating tablets of metoclopramide hydrochloride. Metoclopramide hydrochloride was used as the active drug, and superdisintegrants like sodium starch glycolate (SSG), crospovidone (CP) and croscarmellose sodium (CCS) were used in the formulation. A total of 7 formulations were fabricated using a direct compression method. The amount of superdisintegrants was varied in each formulation. All the formulations were subjected to pre and post compression parameters. Preformualtion stability study was done to ensure the drug-excipient compatibility study. The effect of superdisintegrants on wetting time, disintegration time and dissolution profile were evaluated. Among the formulated batches, the formulation containing CP 5% and CCS 5% was the most effective and showed disintegration time of 26 seconds and dissolution of 104.02% in 10 min. The study showed that the superdisintegrants were effective in lowering the disintegration time of orodispersible tablets. The formulations containing CP showed better drug release pattern than the formulations with other superdisintegrants in the formulation of orodispersible tablets of metoclopramide hydrochloride.</strong> <strong>Keywords: Direct compression, Metoclopramide hydrochloride, Oro- dispersible tablets, Superdisintegrants.</strong>
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Prakash, Gnana. "Formulation and Evaluation of Prolonged-Release Tablets Containing Solid Dispersions of Rosuvastatin Calcium." Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences 1, no. 4 (October 9, 2021): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v1i4.180.
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Pharmaceutical Industry is striving hard to improve the dissolution of drugs with limited water solubility. One of the approaches to improve the dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs is solid dispersion. Hence in the present research, an attempt was made to improve the bioavailability of Rosuvastatin by formulating it as a solid dispersion. The release of Rosuvastatin calcium solid dispersion was prolonged using HPMC. Eudragit L-100 and PEG-6000 were used as carriers. Nine formulations of prolonged-release Rosuvastatin calcium (RS-SD 1 to RS-SD 9) were prepared and evaluated for pre and post formulation studies. Among all the formulations RS SD-3 showed an optimum release profile with 97.5±3.89 % indicating it to be the best formulation in the present research.
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Indartantri, Khusnul Berty, Noval Noval, and Husda Oktaviannoor. "Formulasi dan Evaluasi Floating System Tablet Difenhidramin HCl Menggunakan Kombinasi Matriks HPMC K4M dan Na. CMC." Jurnal Surya Medika 7, no. 1 (August 30, 2021): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v7i1.2634.
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A floating system tablet was made using HPMC K4M and Na matrices. CMC with the active substance diphenhydramine HCl, which absorption in the stomach. The research aims to determine the effect of a combination of HPMC K4M and Na. CMC matrices are optimal in a floating system formulation. This research used an experimental method with a RAL design. Tablets were made by direct compression and were evaluated. The results were then analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA. The loss results on the drying test, the tapped density test, and the measurement of the angle of repose of all formulations met the requirements. The powder flow rates of all formulations did not meet the requirements. The resulting tablet is white, bitter, round, and smells of medicine. Tablets in all formulations have uniform weight according to requirements. The hardness test results showed that only formulation 3 met the requirements, while all formulations did not meet the requirements in the friability test. In the lag time test, the results obtained in formulation 1 and formulation 2, formulation 3, and formulation 4 are 4 seconds, 4 seconds, 3 seconds, and 1 second. In contrast, the floating time results show that all formulations can float for 24 hours. All evaluation results indicate that the optimal formulation in formulation 3.
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Pogoda, M. K., D. J. Pree, and D. B. Marshall. "Effects of encapsulation on the toxicity of insecticides to the Oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and the predator Typhlodromus pyri (Acari: Phytoseiidae)." Canadian Entomologist 133, no. 6 (December 2001): 819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent133819-6.
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AbstractWe assessed the effects of microencapsulation on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin to larvae of the Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in the laboratory and the field. We also compared the toxicity of microencapsulated and traditional formulations to pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant populations of the predaceous mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten in the laboratory. In laboratory bioassays with neonate larvae of G. molesta, the microencapsulated formulations of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin were less toxic than the wettable-powder and emulsifiable-concentrate formulations. The emulsifiable-concentrate and microencapsulated formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin were equally toxic. In the field, all trees in insecticide-treated plots contained less damage by first generation G. molesta larvae than unsprayed controls. In the second generation, the microencapsulated formulations of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were generally less effective than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation of cypermethrin. The microencapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin was as effective as the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation. The microencapsulated formulation of cypermethrin was less toxic than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to both pyrethroid-susceptible and pyrethroid-resistant populations of T. pyri. Both populations were highly resistant to chlorpyrifos and unaffected by either formulation. The microencapsulated formulation of lambda-cyhalothrin affected the two populations of T. pyri differently; the microencapsulated formulation was approximately fivefold more toxic than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to the pyrethroid-susceptible population, but sixfold less toxic than the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to the pyrethroid-resistant population. Much of the selectivity reported for the microencapsulated formulations of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos appeared related to a general reduction in toxicity to both target insects and beneficial mites. The microencapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin was as toxic as the emulsifiable-concentrate formulation to the target insect but was less toxic than the emulsifiable concentrate to pyrethroid-resistant predator mites. This limited increased selectivity may be useful where resistant populations of predators occur.
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V., Rajalakshmi S., and Vinaya O. G. "FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MEDICATED LIP ROUGE CONTAINING NIOSOMAL ACYCLOVIR FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 9, no. 6 (November 8, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2017v9i6.19349.
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Objective: Aim of the study was to formulate, evaluate and optimize medicated Lip rouge containing acyclovir encapsulated inside a novel vesicular carrier, niosome so that the formulation can improve its membrane penetration. Formulating as a cosmetic Lip rouge formulation will also improve patient compliance in the treatment of herpes labialis.Methods: Acyclovir niosomes were prepared by thin film hydration method. Niosomes were evaluated and were optimized by considering the entrapment efficiency and in vitro release profile. The optimized niosomes were incorporated into lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge for selecting the best lip formulation. Based on the in vitro release profile, ease of application and properties of prepared formulations lip rouge was selected and further evaluations were carried out.Results: Among the six formulations of niosomes NF2 has showed 88.49 % entrapment efficiency and 86.97% cumulative drug release in 8 h. The formulation was optimized considering both entrapment efficiency and in vitro release. The optimized formulation of niosomes was incorporated into Lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge. The evaluation results of lipstick, lip balm and lip rouge for in vitro release suggested lip rouge as the best formulation. The percentage cumulative release of drug from optimized lip rouge at the end of 8 h was 84.77%. The percentage cumulative drug release in ex vivo studies for 8 h was 60.88 %.Conclusion: The results suggested that prepared lip rouge containing acyclovir niosomes can effectively deliver the drug than the marketed acyclovir cream and successful therapy of Recurrent Herpes labialis can be achieved.
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Sajjad Qaisar, Masood-ur-Rehman Aarbi, Shahiq-uz-Zaman, Ammar Sadiq, and Talha Rafique. "Formulation development and characterization of famotidine dry suspension for oral use." Journal of Contemporary Pharmacy 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56770/jcp2022622.
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Famotidine an H2 receptor blocker is generally used to treat ulcers of stomach and intestine. Famotidine is available in liquid suspension that is unstable during shelf life. Degradation of the drug as well as bad smell and color change is major problem in liquid suspension. This problem may be solved by formulating the drug as a dry suspension. We prepared four different formulations of famotidine as dry suspension. Geometric mixing methodology was followed to prepare the formulations. IR-spectroscopy showed no incompatibility between excipients used and API. Tests performed to evaluate formulations include assay, pH, viscosity, flow property, sedimentation volume and re-dispersibility. Among all the developed formulations, F3 was most ideal having excellent flow property, 100% drug assay, optimum viscosity and pH. Other formulations displayed some problems like viscosity of F1 was high that caused difficulty in flow while assay of F2 was 94% and F4 had bitter taste and low pH value. Hence F3 formulation was selected for further studies and kept for six months in stability chamber at accelerated conditions having temperature 40 °C ±2 and 75% ±5 R.H. samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months to evaluate stability of the dry formulation. Moreover formulation (F3) was reconstituted with water and placed at accelerated conditions for 28 days to check its stability. Samples were taken at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. Results showed that no change occurred in both dry and reconstituted suspension during stability studies. It can be concluded on the basis of these findings that F3 formulation was stable and can be used in future.
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Adesigbin, A.J., M.A. Adedeji, M.O. Oyeleke, and O.B. Ologunye. "Binding properties of starch and bentonite in the briquetting of fine particulate charcoal." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 5, no. 10 (October 31, 2018): 782–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10726210.
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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The main objective of this study is to determine the possibility and to what extent the manufacture of briquettes from slack or charcoal fines may succeed commercially under the conditions existing in Nigeria. The need for Charcoal briquette is of utmost importance in this contemporary world. Data available on the binding properties of starch and bentonite in the briquetting of fine particulate charcoal is very limited. In this study different percentage compositions of the materials such as charcoal fine, sawdust, limestone, cassava starch, borax and bentonite were used for modelling charcoal briquettes and were subjected to different engineering properties analysis such as porosity, bulk density, compressive strength, hardness, shearing strength, permanent linear change and modulus of rupture. The quantities of these materials at different formulations with the percentage composition of starch ranges from 9.6%, 7.7%, 5.8%, 3.8% and 1.9%, and the bentonite for the same percentages but in a descending order, respectively. Five different formulation samples A, B, C, D and E were used. The samples of formulation A had the lowest average porosity of 6.80 % when compared to the highest average porosity of 8.60 % obtained from samples of formulation E. From the result obtained bulk density was highest (0.57 g cm<sup>-3</sup>) in samples from formulation A which shows that samples from formulation A is more compacted in structure and cannot be easily broken compared to the samples obtained from B to E formulations. Results obtained show various rupture point of the charcoal briquette for all the formulations i.e. formulation. The highest mean value (1455.23) of samples from formulation E was recorded compared to the samples from formulations A, B and C, while lowest mean value of 214.51 was recorded in formulation A. The results for permanent linear change show a little difference in percentage among the samples at different formulation. The pattern of the percentage differences at different formulation is in increasing order and this was obtained as a result of the increasing order of porosity of all the samples at different formulations. As the permanent linear change increases the porosity also increased. The result for hardness showed different ability of all the samples from different formulation to resist indentation. Formulation A had the highest value when compared with formulations B, C, D, and E. Formulation A also had the highest mean value of 14.3 HBN (Hardness Brinel Number) while formulation B had the mean value of 10.72 HBN which was higher compared to the mean values of formulations C, D and E. Formulation A had the highest compressive strength of 259.11 kgf compared to the remaining formulation B, C, D and E. Maximum shear strength of 1081.23 kgf was obtained at formulation A but gradually decreased to 307.03 kgf in formulation E.
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Mehta, L. Sonali, D. V. Gowda, N. Vishal Gupta, and Manohar M. "FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF LENALIDOMIDE LOADED DELAYED RELEASE MINI TABLETS IN CAPSULES." International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics 10, no. 5 (September 8, 2018): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2018v10i5.26658.
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Objective: Formulation and development of delayed release mini tablets in the capsule of drug lenalidomidein terms of dissolution and stability was the objective of the present work.Methods: Tablets of less than or equal to 3 millimetres diameter are Mini-tablets, which were filled into a capsule. Direct compression method using multi-tip punch was used for compression and coated with eudragit L100 as a seal coating material and with eudragit L30D55 as an enteric coating material was done. Different formulations were prepared and subjected for evaluation like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration, and dissolution studies. The optimized formulation was compared to marketed product based on drug released profile and also subjected for stability studies.Results: The results revealed that the in vitro drug release of prepared formulations, F1, F2, F3, and F4 was subjected for acid resistance test for 2 h in 0.1N HCl and has a comparable dissolution profile in phosphate buffer of 6.8 pH. FormulationF4 was subjected for stability studies and no significant difference was observed in 3 mo 40 °C/75% RH accelerated stability condition.Conclusion: The dissolution profile of formulation F4 was found better than that of market product. Based on evaluation results, the study concluded that F4formulationwas considered as an optimized formulation.
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Chono, Sumio, Megumi Matsui, Katsuki Nakamura, and Ryoya Kasai. "Ingestibility and Formulation Quality of Lansoprazole Orally Disintegrating Tablets." Journal of Pharmaceutics 2016 (December 1, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6131608.
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Objectives. We evaluated the ingestibility and formulation quality of one branded (formulation A) and five generic (formulations B, C, D, E, and F) lansoprazole orally disintegrating (OD) tablets. Methods. Ingestibility, including the oral disintegrating time, taste, mouth feeling, and palatability, was examined by sensory testing in healthy subjects. Formulation qualities, including salivary stability, gastric acid resistance, and intestinal dissolution behavior, were examined. Results and Discussion. The oral disintegration time of formulation F (52 s) was significantly longer than that of other formulations (32–37 s). More than 90% of subjects did not experience bitterness with formulations A, E, and F, whereas 50% of subjects felt rough and powdery sensations with formulations B, C, and D. More than 80% of subjects suggested that formulations A, E, and F had good palatability. Ingestibility was different between formulations. OD tablets consist of enteric granules containing lansoprazole, which is unstable in gastric acid. Enteric granules of each formulation were stable in artificial saliva and gastric juice. No differences were observed in dissolution behaviors among the formulations, indicating that the formulation quality of the formulations was almost equivalent. Conclusions. This study provides useful information for selecting branded or generic lansoprazole OD tablets for individualized treatments.
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Saini, Tanishk, Manvi Sharma, Deepti Katiyar, Priya Bansal, and Jagannath Sahoo. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC HERBAL FORMULATIONS." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 9, no. 3 (June 22, 2018): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.09394.
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Katta, Ashwini1 K. Kishore and Dr. Gampa Vijay Kumar. "DESIGN, CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF RIFAXIMIN EFFERVESCENT FLOATING TABLETS." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 05, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 16583–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2429621.
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<em>In the present research work effervescent floating formulation of Rifaximin by using various polymers. Initially analytical method development was done for the drug molecule. Absorption maxima was determined based on that calibration curve was developed by using different concentrations. Gas generating agent sodium bicarbonate was used. Then the formulation was developed by using different concentrations of polymers of various polymers. The formulation blend was subjected to various preformualation studies, flow properties and all the formulations were found to be good indicating that the powder blend has good flow properties. Among all the formulations the formulations prepared by using Guar gum produced maximum drug release compared to other formulations hence it was considered as the optimized formulation. The optimized formulation dissolution data was subjected to release kinetics, from the release kinetics data it was evident that the formulation followed zero order kinetics of drug release.</em> <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Rifaximin, Sodium bicarbonate, Floating</em>
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Yan, Xin, Qi Zhang, Tao Wang, Yu Luo, and Xianyi Sha. "Evaluation of Different Polysaccharide–Iron Complex Preparations In Vitro and In Vivo." Pharmaceutics 17, no. 3 (February 23, 2025): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17030292.
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Objectives: Iron-deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Polysaccharide–iron complexes (PICs), as novel organic iron supplements, have garnered increasing attention due to their high bioavailability, minimal gastrointestinal irritation, and favorable tolerability. However, different formulations of PICs can show significant variations in their physicochemical properties and bioavailability. These factors are crucial for clinical efficacy and safety. Methods: This study selected two formulations of polysaccharide–iron complexes: Formulation A (PIC-coated pellets) and Formulation B (PIC powders), with ferrous succinate tablets (Formulation C) used as a control. The focus was on evaluating the molecular weight of the polysaccharides, the levels of free iron, and the dissolution across various dissolution media. Physicochemical properties were compared through particle size analysis, dissolution rate testing, and free iron content determination. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic properties of the two PIC formulations were assessed in a beagle dog model of iron-deficiency anemia. Results: Significant differences were observed in particle appearance and content structure between the two PIC formulations. Formulation A, prepared using pellet technology, exhibited a uniform particle size distribution. Its dissolution rate in acidic environments was significantly lower than that of Formulation B. In simulated gastric fluid, the cumulative iron dissolution rate of Formulation A was less than 15% within two hours, while that of Formulation B exceeded 50%, with substantial batch-to-batch variability. In various dissolution media, Formulation A released 12% of its dissolved iron content in gastric fluid within two hours. In contrast, the absolute free iron content of Formulation B was 8.5 times higher than that of Formulation A in simulated gastric fluid. In the beagle dog model of iron-deficiency anemia, Formulation A showed significantly higher bioavailability, which suggests that the pellet preparation technology improves both the acid resistance and bioavailability of the PIC formulation. Conclusions: The study revealed that Formulation A, prepared using pellet technology, possesses unique quality characteristics. This technology significantly reduces the release of free iron from PICs due to gastric acid action, potentially minimizing gastrointestinal irritation. Moreover, the pellet preparation process improves the acid resistance and bioavailability of PIC formulations, offering a more effective therapeutic option for iron-deficiency anemia. Future research may further explore the potential applications of pellet technology in other iron supplement formulations.
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Venkateswara Reddy, B., and K. Navaneetha. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAIN RELEASE CYCLOBENZAPRINE HYDROCHLORIDE PELLETS." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 05 (May 28, 2017): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.05.10262.
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Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride is a centrally acting muscle relaxant which is mostly available in the form of tablets and capsules. The present aim of the study was to develop a sustained release formulation of cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride pellets using powder layering technique. Nine different formulations of pellets were prepared by using different concentrations of Ethyl Cellulose-50, Hypromellose (HPMC), and PEG 6000 of all formulations, F8 formulation was the optimized formulation. The kinetic studies of F8 formulation was best fitted in the First order model as it had the highest value (R2 = 0.981) and it follows non- fickian diffusion. Among all the formulations F8 gave better drug release 85.7% when compared to innovator, F8 was selected as optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was kept for stability studies for 3 months at 40°C /75% RH and 25°C /60% RH and the results indicated that there was no much variation in their physiochemical characteristics and the formulation was found to be stable.
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Ramadhani, Diah, and Nabilla Widiyanti. "Pengaruh Formulasi Serum Nanoemulgel Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Kelor." Jurnal Syntax Fusion 2, no. 08 (August 25, 2022): 714–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54543/fusion.v2i08.214.
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Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) are a good source of natural antioxidants because they contain flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Moringa leaf extract can be formulated into nanoemulgel serum preparations, and to see the effect of nanoemulgel serum formulations on antioxidant activity. This research begins with the manufacture of extracts using the maceration method, followed by the manufacture of nanoemulsions. The nanoemulsion consisted of 3 formulations with different Moringa leaf extract, namely the formulation of 1 0.1 g, formulation 2 0.2 g, and formulation 3 0.4 g of Moringa leaf extract were given. The nanoemulsion was tested for particle size distribution using a Particle Size Analyzer and tested for the physical stability of the preparation. The results showed that the nanoemulsion particle size in formulation 3 had a smaller distribution size of 13.7 nm and was continued for the manufacture of serum nanoemulgel. Serum nanoemulgel consists of 4 formulations with variations of nanoemulsion. The nanoemulgel serum formulation was tested for its physical stability and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The antioxidant activity of the nanoemulgel serum preparations had IC50 of each formulation 1 70.5197 ppm, formulation 2 62.7838 ppm, and formulation 3 50.6094 ppm. The nanoemulgel serum formulation which has the highest antioxidant activity is formulation 3
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Weyer, Janelle, Xianzhang Meng, Lynda Finis, Bill Strickland, CheolHee Park, and Seong Jang. "Phase 1, randomized, open-label, single-dose, crossover study to evaluate the bioequivalence of four formulations of oral rivoceranib tablets in healthy subjects." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e15122-e15122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e15122.
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e15122 Background: Rivoceranib is a novel oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor that potently and selectively inhibits VEGFR2. Rivoceranib is being investigated for indications targeted towards solid malignancies as either monotherapy or in combination with other anticancer therapies. Herein, we assessed the bioequivalence of a single dose of rivoceranib administered as 4 different formulations in healthy subjects. Methods: This single-center, open-label, randomized, single-dose, 4-way crossover study evaluated the bioequivalence of 4 different formulations of rivoceranib oral tablets in healthy adults. Each subject participated in 4 treatment periods, where they were randomized to 1 of 4 sequences: ABCD, BDAC, CADB, and DBAC (Formulation A = rivoceranib 250 mg tablet/clinical formulation used in the pivotal phase 3 study, Formulation B = rivoceranib 200 mg tablet/clinical formulation used in early clinical studies, Formulation C = rivoceranib 250 mg tablet/formulation to be developed for future use, Formulation D = rivoceranib 250 mg tablet/to-be-marketed formulation). Results: Of the 60 subjects enrolled, 66.7% were male, 88.3% were white, and median age was 43 years. The median plasma rivoceranib Tmax was similar following all treatments (2 hours post-dose). The 90% CIs around the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of plasma rivoceranib AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, and Cmax for Formulation B vs. Formulation A and Formulation D vs. Formulation A were within the 80-125% reference interval, demonstrating bioequivalence between Formulation B and Formulation A as well as Formulation D and Formulation A. The 90% CIs around the GMRs of plasma rivoceranib AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, and Cmax for Formulation C vs. Formulation A were slightly outside of the 80%-125% reference interval. Conclusions: Formulations B (clinical formulation used in early clinical studies) and D (to-be-marketed formulation) were bioequivalent to Formulation A (clinical formulation used in the pivotal phase 3 study). Formulation C (formulation to be developed for future use) and Formulation A were similar, but the difference was slightly outside of the bioequivalence criteria. It remains to be evaluated whether the difference in bioavailability between Formulation C and Formulation A is clinically meaningful. Clinical trial information: NCT05287360 . [Table: see text]
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M, Senthilkumar, Pazhanisamy M, and Sathyaseelan V. "EFFICACY OF OIL AND GRANULAR BASED FORMULATIONS OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI, ZOOPHTHORA RADICANS AGAINST THE BIOLOGY OF RICE LEAF FOLDER, CNAPHALOCROCIS MEDINALIS." Journal of Biopesticides 12, no. 02 (December 1, 2019): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.12.2.139-144.
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ABSTRACT Experiment was conducted to know the effect of oil and granular based formulations of entomopathogenic fungi, Zoophthora radicans against the biology of rice leaf folder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. Among the different formulations of Zoophthora radicans, the highest larval mortality, pupal mortality, adult mortality and the lowest pupal formation and adult emergence was noticed in Z. radicans + Sunflower oil + Glycerol treatment in oil formulation and 81.3 spores/mm2 concentration of granular formulation. The lowest larval mortality, pupal mortality and adult mortality were noticed in Z. radicans alone treatment and 12.2 spores/mm2 concentration of granular formulation. It was concluded that oil formulations with Z. radicans + Sunflower oil + Glycerol were found better in causing mortality of life stages of leaf folder when compared to granular formulation with concentration of 81.3 spores/mm2 Keywords: The Oil formulation, granular formulation, Zoophthora radicans, rice leaf folder
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Hernawan, Hernawan, Septi Nurhayati, Khoirun Nisa, A. W. Indrianingsih, Cici Darsih, and Muhammad Kismurtono. "FORMULATION AND IN VITRO STUDY OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE CONTROLLED RELEASE FROM CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN-BASED MATRIX TABLETS." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 13, no. 3 (December 18, 2013): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21283.
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Formulation and in vitro study of propranolol hydrochloride controlled release from carboxymethyl chitosan-based matrix tablets have been conducted. Formulations with various concentrations of carboxymethyl chitosan 2% (F1), 4% (F2), 6% (F3) were done by wet granulation method. Compatibility test was conducted by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy to determine interaction between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipients. Dissolution profiles was obtained through in vitro tests release using simulated gastric fluid (without enzymes, pH 1.2) for the first 2 h and followed by simulated intestinal fluid (phosphate buffer solution without enzyme, pH 7.2) for 2 h remaining. The dissolution profile of each formulation was fitted with five kinetics modeling of drug release (zero order, first order, Higuchi, Peppas-Korsmeyer, and Hixson-Crowell). The compatibility test results showed that formulation caused physical interactions between propranolol hydrochloride and polymer excipient but doesn't make crystallinity nature of propranolol hydrochloride disturbed even after formulation. Dissolution profiles of each formulation showed that controlled release of propranolol hydrochloride from the tablet followed Peppas-Korsmeyer model. It is concluded that carboxymethyl chitosan in appropriate proportions is suitable for formulating propranolol hydrochloride controlled release tablets which exhibit Peppas-Korsmeyer release kinetics.
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Anvy Aditya Raksesi, Ani Intiyati, Melina Sari, and Mujayanto. "Acceptance Test And Fiber Levels Of Red Bean Ice Cream As An Alternative Snack For Obesity Prevention In Adolescent." Journal of Nutrition Explorations 1, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36568/jone.v1i2.181.
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Obesity is a pathological state. According to the 2019 AKG, adolescent fiber needs are 37 grams. If snacks are given 10% of the need, then 3.7 grams are obtained per snack. To meet this need, an innovative high-fiber snack is made by formulating red beans into ice cream. The aim is to determine the acceptability and fiber content in red bean ice cream products as an alternative snack to prevent obesity. The research method was an experiment on 4 different formulations with a ratio of skimmed milk and red beans 100 : 0 g, 50 : 50 g, 70 : 30 g , 60 : 40 g then an acceptability test was carried out. The highest acceptability test results will be tested for fiber content with the control formulation. The results showed that the formulation of red bean ice cream that had the highest acceptability was formulation 4 (EKM 4), which was 3.83 in the liking category and contained fiber content of 2.43% / 100 g. One serving of red bean ice cream based on calorie needs is 85 grams with a fiber content of 2.1 grams. Conclusion, the formulation with the highest acceptability is in formulation 4 (EKM 4).
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Windras Mara, Setyo Tri, Achmad Pratama Rifai, and Rachmadi Norcahyo. "ON DIFFERENT FORMULATIONS FOR THE MULTI-PERIOD VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM WITH SIMULTANEOUS PICKUP AND DELIVERY." ASEAN Engineering Journal 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v13.17888.
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In this paper, we extend the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery (VRPSPD) with a consideration of multiple planning horizons. We propose three alternative mathematical formulations for Periodic-VRPSPD (P-VRPSPD) based on the available formulations for VRPSPD in the literatures, namely the three-index commodity flow formulation, four-index commodity flow formulation, and three-index vehicle flow formulation. We perform comparison analysis by conducting extensive numerical experiments on a set of instances with various complexities in order to evaluate the performance of these formulations. Overall, it is observed that the three-index commodity flow formulation returns the best results.
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Rajesh, Akki* M.Gayatri Ramya M.Hymavathi P.Dinesh Kumar. "DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION AND STABILITY OF ZOLEDRONIC ACID I.V INJECTION BY LYOPHILIZATION TECHNIQUE." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 07 (July 25, 2017): 2042–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.834723.
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The objective of the study is to develop a stable lyophilized formulation of Zoledronic acid for injection for better stability and for long term storage. The lyophilized product of all the formulations (F1- F6) prepared were an appearance of white to white Lyophilized cake. mannitol was used with water for injection . The filled vials were loaded into lyophilizer and lyophilized them as per cycle. Different composition of additives was used and the different pH concentrations of 5.7 to 6.7 were adjusted with sodium citrate were tried to formulate the formulation. The pH of all the formulations is in the range of 5.4-6.5. The related substances in formulations not exceeded the limit of 0.5%. The assay values of formulations (F1-F6) were in the range of 92% – 104 %. The formulations (F1- F6) show a water content range of 0.93% to 1.6 %. The results concluded that the formulation F4 is the optimized and the best formulation. Zoledronic acid was developed as lyophilised formulation for better stability. The obtained results suggested that a stable formulation for drug Zoledronic acid was developed which was comparable to reference listed product. Keywords: Lyophilisation, mannitol, Zoledronic acid.
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López-Castillo, Carmen, Carmina Rodríguez-Fernández, Manuel Córdoba та Juan Torrado. "Permeability Characteristics of a New Antifungal Topical Amphotericin B Formulation with γ-Cyclodextrins". Molecules 23, № 12 (18 грудня 2018): 3349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123349.
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Amphotericin B is a low soluble broad-spectrum antifungal agent. Cyclodextrins can be added to amphotericin formulations to enhance both their solubility and antifungal properties. Semisolid amphotericin formulations containing gamma cyclodextrin (AGCD) were prepared and compared with two reference formulations—one of them without any solubility enhancer (A) and the other with DMSO (ADMSO). Rheological, the permeability through hairless mouse skin and antifungal characteristics of the different formulations were evaluated. All three semisolid formulations show low thixotropy characteristics. ADMSO was the formulation with the least consistency, lowest viscosity, and greatest extensibility. The AGCD formulation had the opposite behavior and had both the greatest consistency and viscosity and the lowest extensibility. The lowest permeability was obtained with the reference A formulation while both AGCD and ADMSO had a similar permeability enhancement. According to the antimicrobial in vitro efficacy trials, the AGCD formulation showed 45–60% more activity than the reference A formulation. It can be concluded that γ-cyclodextrin is a useful excipient to improve the solubility, permeability, and antifungal activity of amphotericin B in semisolid topical formulations.