Academic literature on the topic 'Formulator'
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Journal articles on the topic "Formulator"
1
Afifah, Ani. "Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Memanfaatkan Formulator Tarsia." Jurnal Didaktik Matematika 4, no. 2 (2017): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jdm.v4i2.8445.
Full textAbstract:
Mathematics is often regarded as a difficult subject in school, consequently many students are less interested in learning it. The use of technology can be an alternative to create an interesting and effective of instructional Media. One of the application programs that teachers can choose is Tarsia Formulators. This formulator is a program designed for math teachers to create puzzles, dominoes, and other forms of activity. This paper discusses examples of the application of puzzles created from tarsia formulators in mathematics learning. Learning activities begin by introducing the form of puzzles to be assembled by the students. The teacher gives an explanation of the rules that apply in this lesson. Teacher guides need to be done to make it easier for students who have difficulty. Furthermore, the teacher displays the correct form of the puzzle in comparison to the student's work and provides an explanation of the answer to the problem presented. The tarsia formulators makes it easy for teachers to create effective and varieties instructional media, so students do not feel bored in classroom learning activities.
2
DE BOT, KEES. "Does the formulator know its LFG?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1, no. 1 (1998): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728998000042.
Full textAbstract:
A problem when reacting to a contribution as rich and as highly interesting as Pienemann's paper, is that it is much easier to react to what's not in it than to what is. An example is the relation between the theory proposed and the way linguistic knowledge is acquired: “[Processability theory] … is not designed to contribute anything to the question of the innate or learnt origin of linguistic knowledge or the inferential processes by which linguistic input is converted into linguistic knowledge.” It is not easy to interpret the full consequences of the model if we are not to take into account the inferential processes by which the learner adds new information to his/her system. Maybe here the dividing lines are drawn too strictly: if the hypothesis space of the learner is restricted by the procedures that can be applied, one wonders at what level in the cognitive system these restrictions are located. Does the conceptualizer already know what the system is capable of doing, or is it uninformed (as follows from a strict interpretation of Levelt's proposal of an incremental system without feedforward)? In the latter case, this would mean that the learners/speakers would still try to express their communicative intentions and only later on in the process would things go wrong, for example, because the S-procedure cannot be carried out.
3
Wickson, E. J., and R. S. Brookman. "Flexible PVC challenges for the formulator." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 11, no. 1 (1989): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730110103.
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Pallagi, Edina, Tivadar Bíró, Helga Fekete, Zoltán Aigner, and Ildikó Csóka. "Implementation of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in QbD based formulation development in ophthalmology." Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 90, no. 4 (2020): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33892/aph.2020.90.192-204.
Full textAbstract:
Development of drug delivery systems for chronic disorders needs a complex thinking in order to ensure the quality of the product. A multidisciplinary approach of pharmaceutical technology, regulatory and behavioral sciences on the basis of the Quality by Design methodology can be a proper tool for this to handle formulators’, patients’, and also doctors’ needs in therapy planning in case of chronic ophthalmologic disorders. According to the present state-of-the-art”, patient perceptions are collected in the form of the “Patient Reported Outcome Measurements” during the clinical trials, but no feedback is given to the formulation development in order to take these aspects into consideration when designing a new product. This work aims to link the key performance indicators from patients’ point of view to the pharmaceutical development and show a new approach to product development by evaluating the patient and formulator aspect as critical quality attributes within the classical Quality by Design workflow. This study can be the basis of the formulation design and development of a new ophthalmic formulation as it revealed the patient critical needs and requirement.
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Smilovitz, Joshua, and Tereza Capelos. "As a Matter of Feeling: Emotions and the Choice of Mediator Tactics in International Mediation." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 3, no. 1 (2008): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119008x266155.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article examines the role of negative emotions in the process of international mediation. In particular, it investigates how perceptions of disputant negative emotions influence the tactics that mediators employ. Using the classification of mediator tactics into communicator, formulator or manipulator, the article argues that communicator- or formulator-oriented tactics are adopted more frequently when a mediator perceives negative emotions, such as anger or fear. The results of a web survey of North American mediators that classified mediation tactics are presented. The authors also interviewed international mediators and diplomats who have formally or informally, officially or unofficially, mediated intra-state and inter-state conflicts. Mediators are found to be more inclined to assume communicator- or formulator-oriented tactics when confronted with negative emotions. Our empirical analysis of negative emotions sheds light on the choice of mediation tactics in the field of international mediation, and offers valuable insights to scholars and practitioners of negotiation, diplomacy, international relations and political science.
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Raju. N, Govind, Shishir Ojha, Sumit Kumar Roy, Amit Kori, and Anjaneyulu Vinukonda. "Formulation Development Studies for Sterile Dosages: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 3 (2021): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i3.4743.
Full textAbstract:
Sterile generic dosage development requires that specific critical quality attributes be considered and evaluated, regardless of the route of delivery or the type of registration application. The review briefed with an overview of Pharmaceutical Development study requirements. Each of the various stages of studies like Compatibility with the packaging materials, manufacturing vessels, processing aids, MOCs, Filters, Tubing’s and Gaskets also with special studies to be conducted as part of Regulatory Submission, process considerations. Thus, the chapter offers the formulator an overview of the foundational principles associated with formulation development /Pre-formulation studies of sterile products.
 Keywords: Pharmaceutical Development, Compatibility, Studies, Hold time.
7
Sahoo, L., G. K. Jena, and C. S. Patro. "Impact of Parameter on Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Formulation and Approach of the Carrier for Cancer Treatment: a Brief Study." Drug development & registration 11, no. 4 (2022): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-4-95-107.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. For the last decade, nanotechnology has been studied extensively in the pharmaceutical field. Among all the nanotechnology formulation areas, nanostructured lipid carrier is enormously researched by formulation scientists as it is one of the focused areas of lipid carrier for the effective formulation.Materials and methods. The nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) consists of solid lipid, liquid lipid & surfactant for fabrication of formulation. Methods such as high energy methods, low energy methods and organic solvent-based methods are used for the preparation of NLC. As per literature study the High pressure homogenization is the most efficient method for fabrication of formulation.Results and discussion. This carrier system has significant advantages such as high drug entrapment, improved bioavailability, stability during storage, and targeting the site with a better-controlled release making it a prominent area for the formulator to emphasize on it. Although many drugs are formulated with a nanostructured lipid carrier, it is a concern for researchers to find out the effectiveness of formulation by studying the process parameter and safety.Conclusion. The present review was focused to study the impact of various parameters such as Lipid, surfactant, homogenization rate, preservative, Crystallinity, and surface charge on the formulation. The study also extended towards toxicity and biocompatibility, topical targeting & cancer treatment of the Nanostructured lipid carrier.
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Bullock, Jim. "Challenging the Formulator: Biocontrol and Conventional Crop Protection." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 3 (2020): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_jun_10.
Full textAbstract:
Whether it is a synthetic or a biological material, the journey of an active ingredient (AI) from manufacture to its target site is a perilous one. Along the way there are numerous opportunities for the AI to be degraded, destroyed or removed. Following production of the AI, it may be vulnerable to chemical and thermal instability. Again, during formulation and on storage after manufacture, possible physical and chemical instability will need to be considered. Compatibility of the AI and co-formulants with packaging materials will also need to be taken into account. During application there are further opportunities for the AI to be lost. In a spray tank there is a risk of physical instability (e.g. particle agglomeration and settling) and of incompatibilities with other products added to the tank such as adjuvants and other AIs. Once sprayed, the droplets may drift and miss the target area or, even if they reach the leaf, not adhere there. Then, it may not persist on the leaf (or pest) surface or (in the case of systemic AIs) be taken up by the target. Finally, even once taken up by the target, there can be further chemical incompatibilities which degrade the AI. Many of these problems can be tackled by good use of formulation during product development. Formulation can address the following challenges: the challenge of stability; the challenge of compatibility; the challenge of protection; the challenge of delivery; and the challenge of sustainability and new crop protection practices.
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Román, Allen Jonathan, Shiyi Qin, Julio C. Rodríguez, Leonardo D. González, Victor M. Zavala, and Tim A. Osswald. "Natural Rubber Blend Optimization via Data-Driven Modeling: The Implementation for Reverse Engineering." Polymers 14, no. 11 (2022): 2262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112262.
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Natural rubber formulation methodologies implemented within industry primarily implicate a high dependence on the formulator’s experience as it involves an educated guess-and-check process. The formulator must leverage their experience to ensure that the number of iterations to the final blend composition is minimized. The study presented in this paper includes the implementation of blend formulation methodology that targets material properties relevant to the application in which the product will be used by incorporating predictive models, including linear regression, response surface method (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). Training of such models requires data, which is equal to financial resources in industry. To ensure minimum experimental effort, the dataset is kept small, and the model complexity is kept simple, and as a proof of concept, the predictive models are used to reverse engineer a current material used in the footwear industry based on target viscoelastic properties (relaxation behavior, tanδ, and hardness), which all depend on the amount of crosslinker, plasticizer, and the quantity of voids used to create the lightweight high-performance material. RSM, ANN, and GPR result in prediction accuracy of 90%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. It is evident that the testing accuracy increases with algorithm complexity; therefore, these methodologies provide a wide range of tools capable of predicting compound formulation based on specified target properties, and with a wide range of complexity.
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Gowda, Dileep Kumar Hanume. "Pig Feed Formulator (PFF): A Need Based Feed Formulation Software for Commercial Pig Farmers of India." Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2, no. 5 (2014): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.5.264.269.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Formulator"
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Martins, Queila de Castro. "Processamento mental da concordância verbal em estruturas do português brasileiro: investigação de possível interferência em sentenças com elemento movido sintaticamente." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4189.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Muitos trabalhos têm buscado compreender como se dá o processamento da concordância entre sujeito e verbo e investigar fatores que possam influenciar a produção correta da concordância, gerando os chamados erros de concordância verbal. Franck et al (2010) realizaram pesquisa na língua francesa e encontraram interferência devido a elemento movido sintaticamente na produção da concordância verbal. Se faz necessário investigar se o fenômeno envolvendo movimento é o mesmo em sentenças do português brasileiro. Sendo assim, nosso objetivo foi investigar uma possível interferência de cópia de número plural entre sujeito e verbo (em relação de concordância) de elemento movido sintaticamente em construção de árvore sintática do PB, observando a origem do erro e tentando mostrar se há autonomia do formulador sintático. Ao propormos o diálogo entre Teoria Linguística e Psicolinguística utilizando o Programa Minimalista, versão mais atual do Gerativismo de Chomsky, a fim de observar a derivação sintática e o processamento das sentenças, acreditamos que o estudo de formulação sintática e um olhar por meio de um modelo de processamento, que abarquem tanto a formulação como a produção, esclareceriam a nós pontos importantes sobre o funcionamento da concordância verbal. A nossa hipótese é a de que um erro de concordância verbal não ocorra devido ao formulador sintático em estruturas de PB, buscaremos respostas para isso no modelo MIMC (Modelo Integrado Misto da Computação On-Line) (Corrêa & Augusto, 2007). No entanto, por outro lado, se um erro de concordância ocorre, tentaremos encontrar uma outra explicação que não proveniente da sintaxe, tal como, por exemplo, devido a aspecto de ordem morfofonológica e devido a tamanho da sentença, como colocado pelo modelo PMP (Modelo de Processamento Monitorado por parser (Rodrigues, 2006). À medida que realizamos dois experimentos com sentenças declarativa e interrogativa com o movimento do elemento DP e QU, os resultados mostram que o tamanho da sentença e fatores morfofonológicos podem produzir interferência devido ao tipo de elemento movido. Os resultados cedem terreno para assumir um formulador sintático autônomo e abre caminho para próximas investigações sobre o processamento da concordância verbal e possíveis interferências durante a sua produção<br>Many studies have been searching to comprehend how the processing between subject and verb works and to investigate the factors that may influence the correct production of agreement, creating the so-called verbal agreement errors. Franck et al (2010), by doing preliminar research in French language, found interference, due to a syntactically moved element in the production of verbal agreement. So it is necessary to investigate if this phenomenon would behave in the same way in sentences in Brazilian Portuguese. Thus, our goal is to investigate a possible interference due to the copy of plural numbers left between subject and verb (in agree relation) through the movement of element in the construction of the syntactic tree in the sentences of BP, checking the origin of this mistakes and trying to show if there is autonomy in the syntax formulator. As we propose the dialogue between Linguistics Theory and Psycholinguistics using the Minimalist Program, a more recent version of Chomskys Generativism, in order to observe the syntactic derivation attached to a processing view, we believe that the study of syntactic formulation and a look through a model of processing, which embraces both formulation and production, will explain important issues about the function of verbal agreement. Our hypothesis is that a verbal agreement error does not occur due to syntactic formulator in structures of the BP, we will seek answers to this MIMC model (Modelo Integrado Misto da Computação On-Line) (Corrêa & Augusto, 2007). However, on the other hand, if an agreement error occurs, we will try to find another explanation that does not come from syntax, such as, for example, due to morphophonological order and due to the size of sentence, which is stated by the PMP model (Modelo de Processamento Monitorado Por Parser) (Rodrigues, 2006). As we carried two experiment in declarative and interrogative sentence with movement of DP and WH element, the results show that the size of sentence and morphophonological factors may produce interference due to the kind of moved element. The results give ground to assume an, autonomous syntax formulator and open the path to the next investigations about the processing of verbal agreement and possible interferences during its production
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Johnstone, Kelly Rose. "Organophosphate exposure in Australian agricultural workers : human exposure and risk assessment." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16345/1/Kelly_Johnstone_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, as a group, are the most widely used insecticides in Australia. Approximately 5 000 tonnes of active ingredient are used annually (Radcliffe, 2002). The OP pesticide group consists of around 30 identifiably distinct chemicals that are synthesised and added to approximately 700 products (Radcliffe, 2002). OP pesticides are used on fruit, vegetable, grain, pasture seed, ornamental, cotton, and viticultural crops, on livestock and domestic animals, as well as for building pest control.
OP pesticides all act by inhibiting the nervous system enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and as such are termed anticholinesterase insecticides. The phosphorylation of AChE and the resultant accumulation of acetylcholine are responsible for the typical symptoms of acute poisoning with OP compounds. In addition to acute health effects, OP compound exposure can result in chronic, long-term neurological effects.
The traditional method of health surveillance for OP pesticide exposure is blood cholinesterase analysis, which is actually biological effect monitoring. However, there are several drawbacks associated with the use of the blood cholinesterase test, including its invasive nature, the need for baseline levels and a substantial exposure to OP pesticide before a drop in cholinesterase activity can be detected. OP pesticides are metabolised fairly rapidly by the liver to form alkyl phosphates (DAPs). Approximately 70% of OP pesticides in use in Australia will metabolise into one or more of six common DAPs. During the last 30 years, scientists have developed a urine test that detects these six degradation products. However, unlike the blood cholinesterase test, there is currently no Biological Exposure Index (BEI) for the urine DAP metabolite test.
Workers in the agricultural industry - particularly those involved with mixing, loading and application tasks - are at risk of exposure to OP pesticides. It is therefore important that these workers are able to assess their risk of health effects from exposure to OP pesticides. However, currently in Queensland, workplace health and safety legislation exempts the agricultural industry from hazardous substance legislation that incorporates the requirement to perform risk assessments and health surveillance (blood cholinesterase testing) for OP pesticide exposure.
The specific aim of this research was to characterise OP pesticide exposure and to assess the feasibility of using urine DAP metabolite testing as a risk assessment tool for agricultural and related industry workers exposed to OP pesticides. An additional aim among farmers was to conduct an in-depth evaluation of their knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to handling OP pesticides and how they assess the risks associated with their use of OPs.
A cross-sectional study design was used to assess exposure to OP pesticides and related issues among four groups: fruit and vegetable farmers, pilots and mixer/loaders, formulator plant staff and a control group. The study involved 51 farmers in the interviewer-administered questionnaire and 32 in urine sample provision. Eighteen pilots and mixer/loaders provided urine samples and 9 exposed formulation plant staff provided urine and blood samples. Community controls from Toowoomba Rotary clubs provided 44 urine samples and 11 non-exposed formulation plant staff provided blood and urine samples; all groups also provided responses to a self-administered questionnaire.
Participant farmers were drawn from the main cropping areas in south-east Queensland - Laidley/Lowood, Gatton, and Stanthorpe. The farmer group was characterised by small owner-operators who often had primary responsibility for OP pesticide mixing and application. Farmers had good knowledge of pesticide-related safety practices; however, despite this knowledge, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was low. More than half of the farmers did not often wear a mask/respirator (56%), gloves (54%) or overalls (65%). Material Safety Data Sheets were never or rarely read and 88.2% of farmers never or rarely read OP pesticide labels before application. There were also problems with chemical suppliers providing farmers with MSDSs. The majority of farmers (90.2%) reported that they had never had any health surveillance performed and three-quarters had never read about or been shown how to perform a formal risk assessment.
The main inhibitors to the use of PPE in the farmers' group included the uncomfortable and cumbersome nature of PPE, especially in hot weather conditions, and the fear of PPE use triggering neighbours' complaints to Government authorities. Factors associated with better PPE use included having positive attitudes and beliefs toward PPE use, higher knowledge scores and low risk perception.
Farmers' use of OP pesticides was infrequent, of short duration and involved application via a boom on a tractor, a lower risk application method. Consequently, urine DAP metabolite levels in this group were generally low, with 36 out of 96 samples (37.5%) containing detectable levels. Detectable results ranged from 9.00-116.00 mol/mol creatinine.
Formulators exposed to OP pesticides were found to have the highest urine DAP metabolite levels (detectable levels 13.20-550.00 mol/mol creatinine), followed by pilots and mixer/loaders (detectable levels 8.40-304.00 mol/mol creatinine) and then farmers. Despite this, pilots and mixer/loaders (particularly mixer/loaders) had the greatest number of samples containing detectable levels (94.4% of samples). The DAP metabolite most frequently detected across all groups was DMTP, which was the only metabolite found in control samples.
Levels found in this study are similar to those reported in international research (Takamiya, 1994, Stephens et al., 1996, Simcox et al., 1999, Mills, 2001, Cocker et al., 2002). The observed DAP levels were not associated with a drop in cholinesterase activity among the formulation plant workers, as expected from the literature. Such exposure also is unlikely to be associated with acute health effects. In contrast, there is insufficient scientific knowledge to know whether levels recorded in this study and elsewhere may be associated with long-term, chronic health effects.
Notably, DMTP levels also were observed among the presumably 'unexposed' comparison groups. Environmental background level exposures to OPs producing the DAP metabolite DMTP are therefore of potential significance and may be related, at least in part, to consumption of contaminated fruit and vegetables. There is also emerging evidence to suggest that exposure to DAP metabolites themselves through diet and other sources may contribute to the concentration of DAPs, including DMTP in urine, potentially complicating assessment of occupational exposures. Nevertheless, the urine DAP metabolite test was a useful, sensitive indicator of occupational OP pesticide exposure among agricultural workers and may be of use to the industry as part of the risk assessment process. Future research should aim to establish a BEI for the urine DAP test.
3
Johnstone, Kelly Rose. "Organophosphate exposure in Australian agricultural workers : human exposure and risk assessment." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16345/.
Full textAbstract:
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, as a group, are the most widely used insecticides in Australia. Approximately 5 000 tonnes of active ingredient are used annually (Radcliffe, 2002). The OP pesticide group consists of around 30 identifiably distinct chemicals that are synthesised and added to approximately 700 products (Radcliffe, 2002). OP pesticides are used on fruit, vegetable, grain, pasture seed, ornamental, cotton, and viticultural crops, on livestock and domestic animals, as well as for building pest control. OP pesticides all act by inhibiting the nervous system enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and as such are termed anticholinesterase insecticides. The phosphorylation of AChE and the resultant accumulation of acetylcholine are responsible for the typical symptoms of acute poisoning with OP compounds. In addition to acute health effects, OP compound exposure can result in chronic, long-term neurological effects. The traditional method of health surveillance for OP pesticide exposure is blood cholinesterase analysis, which is actually biological effect monitoring. However, there are several drawbacks associated with the use of the blood cholinesterase test, including its invasive nature, the need for baseline levels and a substantial exposure to OP pesticide before a drop in cholinesterase activity can be detected. OP pesticides are metabolised fairly rapidly by the liver to form alkyl phosphates (DAPs). Approximately 70% of OP pesticides in use in Australia will metabolise into one or more of six common DAPs. During the last 30 years, scientists have developed a urine test that detects these six degradation products. However, unlike the blood cholinesterase test, there is currently no Biological Exposure Index (BEI) for the urine DAP metabolite test. Workers in the agricultural industry - particularly those involved with mixing, loading and application tasks - are at risk of exposure to OP pesticides. It is therefore important that these workers are able to assess their risk of health effects from exposure to OP pesticides. However, currently in Queensland, workplace health and safety legislation exempts the agricultural industry from hazardous substance legislation that incorporates the requirement to perform risk assessments and health surveillance (blood cholinesterase testing) for OP pesticide exposure. The specific aim of this research was to characterise OP pesticide exposure and to assess the feasibility of using urine DAP metabolite testing as a risk assessment tool for agricultural and related industry workers exposed to OP pesticides. An additional aim among farmers was to conduct an in-depth evaluation of their knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to handling OP pesticides and how they assess the risks associated with their use of OPs. A cross-sectional study design was used to assess exposure to OP pesticides and related issues among four groups: fruit and vegetable farmers, pilots and mixer/loaders, formulator plant staff and a control group. The study involved 51 farmers in the interviewer-administered questionnaire and 32 in urine sample provision. Eighteen pilots and mixer/loaders provided urine samples and 9 exposed formulation plant staff provided urine and blood samples. Community controls from Toowoomba Rotary clubs provided 44 urine samples and 11 non-exposed formulation plant staff provided blood and urine samples; all groups also provided responses to a self-administered questionnaire. Participant farmers were drawn from the main cropping areas in south-east Queensland - Laidley/Lowood, Gatton, and Stanthorpe. The farmer group was characterised by small owner-operators who often had primary responsibility for OP pesticide mixing and application. Farmers had good knowledge of pesticide-related safety practices; however, despite this knowledge, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was low. More than half of the farmers did not often wear a mask/respirator (56%), gloves (54%) or overalls (65%). Material Safety Data Sheets were never or rarely read and 88.2% of farmers never or rarely read OP pesticide labels before application. There were also problems with chemical suppliers providing farmers with MSDSs. The majority of farmers (90.2%) reported that they had never had any health surveillance performed and three-quarters had never read about or been shown how to perform a formal risk assessment. The main inhibitors to the use of PPE in the farmers' group included the uncomfortable and cumbersome nature of PPE, especially in hot weather conditions, and the fear of PPE use triggering neighbours' complaints to Government authorities. Factors associated with better PPE use included having positive attitudes and beliefs toward PPE use, higher knowledge scores and low risk perception. Farmers' use of OP pesticides was infrequent, of short duration and involved application via a boom on a tractor, a lower risk application method. Consequently, urine DAP metabolite levels in this group were generally low, with 36 out of 96 samples (37.5%) containing detectable levels. Detectable results ranged from 9.00-116.00 mol/mol creatinine. Formulators exposed to OP pesticides were found to have the highest urine DAP metabolite levels (detectable levels 13.20-550.00 mol/mol creatinine), followed by pilots and mixer/loaders (detectable levels 8.40-304.00 mol/mol creatinine) and then farmers. Despite this, pilots and mixer/loaders (particularly mixer/loaders) had the greatest number of samples containing detectable levels (94.4% of samples). The DAP metabolite most frequently detected across all groups was DMTP, which was the only metabolite found in control samples. Levels found in this study are similar to those reported in international research (Takamiya, 1994, Stephens et al., 1996, Simcox et al., 1999, Mills, 2001, Cocker et al., 2002). The observed DAP levels were not associated with a drop in cholinesterase activity among the formulation plant workers, as expected from the literature. Such exposure also is unlikely to be associated with acute health effects. In contrast, there is insufficient scientific knowledge to know whether levels recorded in this study and elsewhere may be associated with long-term, chronic health effects. Notably, DMTP levels also were observed among the presumably 'unexposed' comparison groups. Environmental background level exposures to OPs producing the DAP metabolite DMTP are therefore of potential significance and may be related, at least in part, to consumption of contaminated fruit and vegetables. There is also emerging evidence to suggest that exposure to DAP metabolites themselves through diet and other sources may contribute to the concentration of DAPs, including DMTP in urine, potentially complicating assessment of occupational exposures. Nevertheless, the urine DAP metabolite test was a useful, sensitive indicator of occupational OP pesticide exposure among agricultural workers and may be of use to the industry as part of the risk assessment process. Future research should aim to establish a BEI for the urine DAP test.
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Rodrigues, Mayara Maia [UNESP]. "Equilíbrio eletrolítico e condicionamento térmico precoce na criação de frangos de corte submetidos ao estresse térmico /Mayara Maia Rodrigues. -: Mayara Maia Rodrigues. -." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138400.
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000863695.pdf: 2962016 bytes, checksum: e7765cdd7792e076f8961457482671f8 (MD5)<br>In tropical climates, the heat is the major factor limiting the production of broiler chickens, and is responsible for inducing a high mortality, especially in the finishing phase. The electrolyte balance (EB) and early thermal conditioning (ETC) are two techniques to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the possible interactions and the effects of dietary electrolyte balance and application of early thermal conditioning of the feed intake (kg), body weight (kg), feed conversion (kg), mortality (%), energy bio-economic conversion index (Mcal/kg), moisture faeces (%), carcass weight (kg), body cavity fat (g) and breast color (L*a *b*) in cuts of chicken chronic heat stress conditions. Thus, the electrolyte balance (EB = K+Na-Cl) was set to 300 mEq / kg and electrolyte ratio (ER = [(K+Cl)/Na]) 3: 1 by non-linear PPFR program. They were housed 640 male chicks a day old, distributed in a factorial arrangement 2x2 (with and without ETC and with and without EB) in a completely randomizeddesign in 32 boxes (8 replicates per treatment). The thermal conditioning was applied on the fifth day old birds for 24 hours at 36 °C and only half of the batch (320 birds). After this period, all the birds were transferred to boxes (20 birds/box), with the bed waste acerola. Chronic heat stress (6 hours at 32 °C) was applied to all the birds of 35 after 39 days of age, being electronically monitored temperature and humidity of the warehouse, in relation to the microclimate of the area / height of the birds. The results indicated that: a) there was no interaction between the two techniques, EB and ETC; b) diets with EB resulted in more expensive ration besides increasing the moisture of faeces, but there was lower mortality; c) ETC resulted in a pale staining in breast samples. Thus, it can be concluded that both the EB and ETC are not effective for minimizing the negative effects of chronic heat stress in broilers
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Rodrigues, Mayara Maia. "Equilíbrio eletrolítico e condicionamento térmico precoce na criação de frangos de corte submetidos ao estresse térmico /Mayara Maia Rodrigues. - Mayara Maia Rodrigues. -." Araçatuba, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138400.
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Orientador:Silvia Helena Venturoli Perri<br>Co-orientador:Manoel Garcia Neto<br>Banca:Antonio Carlos de Laurentiz<br>Banca:Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano<br>Resumo:Em países de clima tropical, o calor é um dos principais limitantes à produção de frangos de corte, sendo ainda responsável por induzir uma elevada mortalidade, especialmente na fase de terminação. O equilíbrio eletrolítico (EE) e o condicionamento térmico precoce (CTP) são duas técnicas que visam aliviar os efeitos negativos do estresse pelo calor. Assim, esse estudo teve como propósito avaliar as possíveis interações e os efeitos do equilíbrio eletrolítico na dieta e da aplicação do condicionamento térmico precoce sobre o consumo de ração (kg), peso vivo (kg), conversão alimentar (kg), mortalidade (%), índice de conversão bioeconômico energética (Mcal/kg), umidade de fezes (%), peso de carcaça (kg), gordura cavitária (g) e coloração de peito (L*a*b*) em frangos de cortes em condições de estresse térmico crônico. Para tanto, o balanço eletrolítico (BE = K+Na-Cl) foi ajustado em 300 mEq/kg e a relação eletrolítica (RE = [(K+Cl)/Na]) em 3:1 pelo programa PPFR não linear. Foram alojados 640 pintos machos de um dia de idade, distribuídos em arranjo fatorial 2x2 (com e sem CTP e com e sem o EE), num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em 32 boxes (8 repetições por tratamento). O condicionamento térmico foi realizado no quinto dia de idade das aves, por 24 horas a 36 °C, e somente na metade do lote (320 aves). Após este período, todas as aves foram transferidas para boxes (20 aves/box), tendo como cama resíduos de acerola. O estresse térmico crônico (6 horas a 32°C) foi aplicado em todas as aves do 35º ao 39º dias de idade, sendo monitorado eletronicamente a temperatura e a umidade do galpão, em relação ao microclima da região/altura das aves. Os resultados indicaram que: a) não houve interação entre as duas técnicas, EE e CTP; b) dietas com EE resultaram no encarecer da ração além de aumentarem a umidade das fezes, porém...(resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract:In tropical climates, the heat is the major factor limiting the production of broiler chickens, and is responsible for inducing a high mortality, especially in the finishing phase. The electrolyte balance (EB) and early thermal conditioning (ETC) are two techniques to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the possible interactions and the effects of dietary electrolyte balance and application of early thermal conditioning of the feed intake (kg), body weight (kg), feed conversion (kg), mortality (%), energy bio-economic conversion index (Mcal/kg), moisture faeces (%), carcass weight (kg), body cavity fat (g) and breast color (L*a *b*) in cuts of chicken chronic heat stress conditions. Thus, the electrolyte balance (EB = K+Na-Cl) was set to 300 mEq / kg and electrolyte ratio (ER = [(K+Cl)/Na]) 3: 1 by non-linear PPFR program. They were housed 640 male chicks a day old, distributed in a factorial arrangement 2x2 (with and without ETC and with and without EB) in a completely randomizeddesign in 32 boxes (8 replicates per treatment). The thermal conditioning was applied on the fifth day old birds for 24 hours at 36 °C and only half of the batch (320 birds). After this period, all the birds were transferred to boxes (20 birds/box), with the bed waste acerola. Chronic heat stress (6 hours at 32 °C) was applied to all the birds of 35 after 39 days of age, being electronically monitored temperature and humidity of the warehouse, in relation to the microclimate of the area / height of the birds. The results indicated that: a) there was no interaction between the two techniques, EB and ETC; b) diets with EB resulted in more expensive ration besides increasing the moisture of faeces, but there was lower mortality; c) ETC resulted in a pale staining in breast samples. Thus, it can be concluded that both the EB and ETC are not effective for minimizing the negative effects of chronic heat stress in broilers<br>Mestre
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Wills, Peter. "Novel biocidal formulation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/novel-biocidal-formulation(776ed624-6717-496f-9b31-ad2edce8e24b).html.
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In this modern age, society has become much more aware of the danger bacteria can have on people's health. Personal and household antimicrobial formulations are commonly used within the home to lower the levels of harmful bacteria such as E. Coli, Salmonella and Pseudomonas. The active which kills the bacteria within the formulation is described as a biocide. This research looks at the often neglected potential of cationic polyelectrolyte as a biocide, firstly within solution and secondly in creating an antimicrobial surface. The solution properties and antimicrobial activity for a range of commercially available cationic polyelectrolytes (polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) and biguanides) of differing molecular weights were investigated. All polyelectrolytes were observed to have some level of antimicrobial activity. The second phase of this research investigated polyelectrolyte/surfactant/water mixture of similar charge (cationic). Two QAC surfactants were investigated: Alkyl (C12 70%; C14 30%) dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (BAC) and Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDQ). At a critical concentration, these mixtures segregatively phase separate into a surfactant rich upper phase and polyelectrolyte rich lower phase. This phase separation phenomenon was investigated in respect of surfactant and polyelectrolyte type as well as polyelectrolyte molecular weight. Surfactant type was observed to be the dominant factor in determining the onset of phase separation and by mixing different ratios of surfactants the ability to tune this phase separation concentration was shown. Dilute solutions of these mixtures well below their respective phase separation concentration were then deposited onto glass substrates via a drop cast or inkjet printer method. The surfactant/polyelectrolyte film composites left after drop evaporation ranged from an amorphous film to nodular like structures. The ability to order/structure actives onto a surface could alter active adhesion and surface roughness properties of the film. This change in surface property could consequently affect antimicrobial performance.
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Pinto, Maria Jorge Pratas de Melo. "Biodiesel fuel formulation." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/9328.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Engenharia Química<br>O consumo de energia a nível mundial aumenta a cada dia, de forma inversa
aos recursos fósseis que decrescem de dia para dia. O sector dos transportes
é o maior consumidor deste recurso. Face ao actual cenário urge encontrar
uma solução renovável e sustentável que permita não só, diminuir a nossa
dependência de combustíveis fósseis mas fundamentalmente promover a sua
substituição por energias de fontes renováveis. O biodiesel apresenta-se na
vanguarda das alternativas aos combustiveis derivados do petróleo, para o
sector dos transportes, sendo considerado uma importante opção a curto
prazo, uma vez que o seu preço pode ser competitivo com o diesel
convencional, e para a sua utilização o motor de combustão não necessita de
alterações. O biodiesel é uma mistura líquida, não tóxica, biodegradável de
ésteres de ácidos gordos, sem teor de enxofre ou compostos aromáticos,
apresenta boa lubricidade, alto número de cetano, e origina emissões gasosas
mais limpas.
O presente trabalho contribui para um melhor conhecimento da dependência
das propriedades termofisicas do biodiesel com a sua composição. A
publicação de novos dados permitirá o desenvolvimento de modelos mais
fiáveis na previsão do comportamento do biodiesel.
As propriedades densidade e viscosidade são o espelho da composição do
biodiesel, uma vez que dependem directamente da matéria prima que lhe deu
origem, mais do que do processo de produção. Neste trabalho os dados
medidos de densidade e viscosidade de biodiesel foram testados com vários
modelos e inclusivamente foram propostos novos modelos ajustados para esta
família de compostos. Os dados medidos abrangem uma ampla gama de
temperaturas e no caso da densidade também foram medidos dados a alta
pressão de biodiesel e de alguns ésteres metilico puros.
Neste trabalho também são apresentados dados experimentais para o
equilíbrio de fases sólido-liquído de biodiesel e equlibrio de fases líquidolíquido
de alguns sistemas importantes para a produção de biodiesel. Ambos
os tipos de equilíbrio foram descritos por modelos desenvolvidos no nosso
laboratório.
Uma importância especial é dado aqui a propriedades que dependem do perfil
de ácidos gordos da matéria-prima além de densidade e viscosidade; o índice
de iodo e temperature limite de filtrabalidade são aqui avaliados com base nas
considerações das normas.
Os ácidos gordos livres são um sub-produto de refinação de óleo alimentar,
que são removidos na desodoração, no processo de purificação do óleo. A
catálise enzimática é aqui abordada como alternativa para a conversão destes
ácidos gordos livres em biodiesel. Estudou-se a capacidade da lipase da
Candida antartica (Novozym 435) para promover a esterificação de ácidos
gordos livres com metanol ou etanol, utilizando metodologia de superfície de
resposta com planeamento experimental. Avaliou-se a influência de diversas
variáveis no rendimento da reacção.<br>World energy consumption rises every day and, inversely, fossil fuel resources
are dwindling day by day. Transportation sector is the bigger consumer of oil.
Faced with the actual scenario a renewable and sustenable alternative is
needed, not just to decrease our dependence of petroleum but also to base our
power in a renewable source. Biodiesel is at the forefront of the alternatives to
petroleum based fuels in the transportation sector, being considered an
important short-time option since its price can be competitive with conventional
diesel and no motor changes are required. Biodiesel consists on a liquid blend
of, non toxic, biodegradable fatty acid esters, with non sulfur and aromatic
content, good lubricity, high cetane number, nontoxic character of their exhaust
emissions and cleaner burning.
Aiming at tuning biodiesel to optimize the fuel composition, the present work
contributes for a better knowledge of de depencende of thermophysical
properties of biodiesel on their compositon. New data is required to help in the
development of reliable models to predict biodiesel behavior.
Density and viscosity data are a mirror of biodiesel composition, as both
depend on the raw material, more than the production process. New data of
density and viscosity were measured and respective models were tested and
compared, and new adjusted parameters proposed for this family of
compounds. The measured data include a wide range of temperatures and in
the case of density data were also measured at high pressure for biodiesel and
some pure methyl esters.
This work also reports experimental data for the solid-liquid-phase equilibria of
biodiesel and, liquid-liquid equilibria of some important systems in biodiesel
production. Both type of equilibria were described with models developed in
our laboratory.
A special importance is here given to properties that depend on fatty acid
profile of raw material besides density and viscosity; the iodine value, and cold
filter plugging point are here evaluated based on norm considerations.
Free Fatty Acids (FFA) are a by-product in edible oil refining, that are removed
in the deodorizing step on oil purification. Enzymatic catalysis is here studied
as an alternative to convert this by-product into biodiesel. The ability of
immobilized lipase from Candida antartica (Novozym 435) to catalize the
esterification of FFA with methanol and ethanol were evaluated using response
surface methodology with an experimental design. Influence of several
variables were evaluated in the yield of reaction.
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El, fakhri Rehab M. Mohamed. "Cryomilling for formulation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49060/.
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The pharmaceutical industry has experienced an increase in the amount of development candidates with low aqueous solubility and accordingly poor bioavailability. In order for this problem to be solved, amorphisation is thought to be the most favourable solution. The amorphous state is higher in free energy thus higher in solubility when compared to the crystalline form. Milling and specially cryomilling is a very unique technique for providing of the crystalline to amorphous transformation since there are no heat or solvents involved. Phthalic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid, individual and pair mixtures, are crystalline organic non medicinal compounds, which have been used for the first time as model compounds to investigate whether cryogenic milling can induce crystal to amorphous transformation and if the preparation of pair mixtures could affect the recrystallization rate of the subjected materials or not. The materials were cryomilled and analysed by DSC, XRPD, and FTIR. It was found that only terephthalic acid become amorphous after cryomilling, and even after the cryomilled sample been stored for three weeks DSC thermogram still detects recrystallization exothermic along with the XRPD pattern, which shows a very broad peaks indicative of particle size reduction. Pair mixtures were also studied and analysed by DSC and XRPD. Phthalic acid/isophthalic acid, isophthalic acid/terephthalic acid, phthalic acid/terephthalic acid were cryomilled together and mixed physically after been cryomilled separately. XRPD results show that unlike the cryomilled separately mixtures, phthalic acid/ isophthalic acid, isophthalic acid/terephthalic acid, terephthalic acid/phthalic acid cryomilled together samples produces a synergistic effect in which the Bragg peaks of both phthalic acid and isophthalic acid are suppressed. It appears that co cryomilling of these pair mixtures together resulted in the production of a new material that could potentially either be two-component single phase (nano-sized co-crystal), or a new polymorphic form of either phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or terephthalic acid. Single-component of aspirin (ASP), paracetamol (PCM) and caffeine (CAFF), along with multi-component systems of paracetamol/aspirin, paracetamol/caffeine and aspirin/caffeine were milled at room temperature and by a cryomill. The milled samples were analysed using DSC, XRPD and FTIR. It was noted that there are no clear indications of crystal to amorphous transformation in all three materials. When milling aspirin at room temperature a marked reduction in the melting point was observed. Generally, a reduction in the melting point is either attributed to particle size effects, polymorphism, impurities and decomposition. In this case, the decrease in the melting point was only noticed when aspirin was milled at room temperature, so it is possible that the heat generated during the milling process resulted in chemical decomposition of aspirin to salicylic acid. Anhydrous caffeine is acknowledged to have two polymorphic forms, Form II which is considered to be stable at room temperature until ~145 °C. Form I is stable from ~145 °C to its melting point ~ 236 °C. This polymorphic transformation was detected by DSC, XRPD and hot stage microscope and it was noticed only with the as received and the room temperature milled samples. Cryomilled caffeine data showed only the presence of Form I. On the other hand, for the cryomilled multi-component systems DSC and hot stage microscope images confirmed the eutectic formation with a composition of 45:55% w/w (PCM:ASP), 50:50% (ASP:CAFF) AND 50:50% (PCM:CAFF). The obtained data were compared with room temperature milled and the theoretical values resulted from Van Laar equation. Solid pharmaceuticals represent heterogeneous systems that typically consist of one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and a number of excipients. Multi-component systems from mixing aspirin, paracetamol and caffeine with different excipients, which included sucrose, lactose monohydrate, xylitol and trehalose dihydrate were prepared by the use of a cryomill and were analyesd by DSC and XRPD. It was found from the XRPD data that mixing both sucrose and lactose monohydrate respectively with ASP, PCM and CAFF would produce more of a synergistic effect than xylitol and trehalose dihydrate. Cryomilling caffeine/sucrose and caffeine/lactose resulted in a production of a new XRPD trace that cannot be described in terms of a linear combination of caffeine, sucrose and lactose monohydrate. A new material was therefore formed as a result of cryomilling which has not been reported before.
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Vanderlei, Marina Reghini. "Efeitos dos agrotóxicos Kraft®36EC e Score®250EC (e seus princípios ativos) em ecossistemas aquáticos: análises comparativas e ecossistêmicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-30052016-102950/.
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Com o advento da agricultura ampliou-se a produção alimentar e os bens de consumo, no entanto, os riscos ambientais também foram maximizados em função da adoção de técnicas produtivas baseadas no uso intensivo de insumos agrícolas. Esta problemática é mundial, embora mais evidenciada nos países em desenvolvimento e que tem, na produção agrícola, a base de sua economia. O Brasil enquadra-se nesta situação e desde 2009 é considerado o maior consumidor de agrotóxicos do mundo, criando um cenário de risco ambiental e de saúde humana. Os efeitos ambientais, base deste estudo, estão relacionados não somente à perda de espécies não-alvo, uma vez que os agrotóxicos não são seletivos, mas também as alterações em nível ecossistêmico, a qual se relaciona com as perdas das funções e dos serviços gerados pelos sistemas naturais. Adiciona-se a esta complexidade, a forma de ação de cada agrotóxico, a distribuição dos mesmos nos diferentes compartimentos (ar, solo e água), o período de permanência de cada um, as relações sinérgicas decorrentes das interações entre diferentes produtos, a formação de subprodutos no processo de degradação, entre outros fatores, como as diferenças existentes entre o ingrediente ativo e a formulação comercial, na qual existem os chamados ingredientes inertes em sua composição, os quais podem ser muito mais tóxicos para espécies e ecossistemas. Considerando esta abordagem, a presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base na realidade de um local de referência, o município de Bom Repouso (MG/BR), no qual a intensificação da produção de morango e batata tem trazido uma série de riscos sociais e ambientais. Semelhante a outras regiões produtivas do país, o uso de agrotóxicos é recorrente, amplo e irrestrito, com destaque para as formulações comerciais Kraft®36EC e Score®250EC, as quais, juntamente com seus respectivos ingredientes ativos (abamectina e difenoconazol), foram avaliadas por meio de testes de toxicidade com espécies de diferentes níveis tróficos representativas de um ecossistema aquático, gerando informações que foram avaliadas em nível de espécie e de ecossistema, simulando o cenário de aplicação dos produtos no local de referência. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir sobre as diferenças de sensibilidade das espécies e quais seriam as mais indicadas para se avaliar os efeitos tóxicos de ambos os agrotóxicos; os efeitos diferenciados entre a formulação comercial e os ingredientes ativos; bem como as respostas em termos de espécies e de ecossistemas, demonstrando a necessidade de que ambas as análises sejam consideradas na avaliação de risco ecológico.<br>With the advent of agriculture, food production and consumer goods has expanded, however, environmental risks were also maximized due to the adoption of production techniques based on intensive use of agricultural inputs. This worldwide problem is more evident in developing countries which have agricultural production as the basis of its economy. Brazil is into this situation and since 2009 it is considered the largest consumer of the world\'s pesticides, creating a scenario of environmental risk and human health. The environmental effects from this study are related not only to loss of non-targeted species, since pesticides are nonselective, but also changes in the ecosystem level, which relates to the loss of functions and services generated by natural systems. Add to this complexity, the mode of action of each pesticide, their distribution in the different compartments (air, soil and water), the period of stay of each, the synergistic relationships resulting from interactions between different products, the formation of by-products in the process of degradation, among other factors, such as differences between the active ingredient and the commercial formulation in which there are so-called ingredients inert in the composition, which may be more toxic to species and ecosystems. Considering this approach, this research was developed based on the reality of a reference site, the municipality of Bom Repouso (MG/BR), in which the intensification of production of strawberry and potato has brought a series of social and environmental risks. Similar to other productive regions of the country, the use of pesticides is recurrent, widespread and unrestrained, highlighting the commercial formulations Kraft®36EC and Score®250EC, which, along with their active ingredients (abamectin and difenoconazole) have been evaluated by toxicity tests with representative species of different trophic levels of an aquatic ecosystem, generating information that have been evaluated at the species level and ecosystem, simulating the application scenario of the products on the reference location. The results showed differences on the sensitivity of species and what are the most appropriate to evaluate the toxic effects of both pesticides; the differential effects between the commercial formulation and the active ingredients; as well as the responses in terms of species and ecosystems, demonstrating the need for both to be considered in ecological risk assessment.
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Kahlon, Sandeep. "Formulation in psychology : a review of child formulation use and an exploration of formulation experiences of clients with depression." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/49311/.
Full textAbstract:
Formulation has been established as a core competency in Clinical Psychology training. There is a small but growing evidence base demonstrating the benefits of its use from the perspective of clinicians. However, there are few empirical studies investigating formulation use with children and adolescents. In addition, there is little known about the client's experience of cognitive-behavioural theraphy (CBT) formulation. This thesis explores formulation in Psychological Therapy. The first paper reviews the use of formulation within the child and adolescent literature. The key components within a formulation, key factors of formulation which should be explored with children and the clinical utility of formulation are described and discussed based on the extant literature. The research highlights the need to consider developmental milestones, collaboration with families and to consider the child's wider system when formulating. Formulation appeared to be a trans-theoretical concept, occuring throughout the assessment-intervention continuum. However, more empirical research is needed to understand these findings further. The second chapter is an interpretative phenomenological analysis exploring CBT formulation with clients who have depression. Themes were identified highlighting how formulations were developed, that formulations were difficult to receive, although, after some time participants reported many positive feelings and reactions towards their formulation. It seemed that sharing initial difficult feelings with their clinician was difficult. Although several benefits of formulation were established such as, making a new sense of oneself, better control and perspective over feelings and thoughts. Research limitations and suggestions for future research are made. The final paper provides a reflective account on the challenges of working from a scientist and clinician perspective during the research process. The challenge of maintaining a balance between the two perspectives is discussed within the context of generating a research idea, recruitment, interviewing and writing up the empirical paper.
Books on the topic "Formulator"
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The Supreme Court of India: Policy formulator or active protector? Manak Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2012.
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Pensé-Lhéritier, Anne-Marie, ed. Formulation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118616574.
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Benson, Heather A. E., Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, and Kenneth A. Walters. Cosmetic Formulation. Edited by Heather A. E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vania Rodrigues Leite-Silva, and Kenneth Walters. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429190674.
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Tovey, Geoffrey D., ed. Pharmaceutical Formulation. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781782620402.
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Macniven, Jamie A. B., ed. Neuropsychological Formulation. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18338-1.
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Cabaniss, Deborah L., Sabrina Cherry, Carolyn J. Douglas, Ruth L. Graver, and Anna R. Schwartz. Psychodynamic Formulation. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118557181.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Formulator"
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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "cosmetic formulator." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_2454.
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Wendholt, Birgit. "The formulator." In Text Understanding in LILOG. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-54594-8_87.
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Fry, Ronald. "Richard Beckhard: The Formulator of Organizational Change." In The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49820-1_1-2.
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Fry, Ronald. "Beckhard, Richard: The Formulator of Organizational Change." In The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49820-1_1-3.
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Fry, Ronald. "Richard Beckhard: The Formulator of Organizational Change." In The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52878-6_1.
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Fry, Ronald. "Beckhard, Richard: The Formulator of Organizational Change." In The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38324-4_1.
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Abb, Bernd, Carsten Günther, Michael Herweg, Kai Lebeth, Claudia Maienborn, and Andrea Schopp. "Incremental grammatical encoding — An outline of the Synphonics Formulator." In Trends in Natural Language Generation An Artificial Intelligence Perspective. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-60800-1_35.
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Kovalchuk, Andriy, Vyacheslav Levitsky, Igor Samolyuk, and Valentyn Yanchuk. "The Formulator MathML Editor Project: User-Friendly Authoring of Content Markup Documents." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14128-7_33.
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Chang, Yi Hsin. "Consumer and Formulator of Natural Cosmetics: Understanding and Integrating Each Other's Needs." In Formulating, Packaging, and Marketing of Natural Cosmetic Products. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118056806.ch2.
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Cheymol, André. "Introduction." In Formulation. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118616574.ch1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Formulator"
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Пыкин, А. А., A. A. Pykin, И. А. Шкловец, I. A. Shklovec, И. Ю. Березняк, and I. Yu Bereznyak. "EFFECT OF FOAM FORMULATOR TYPES ON PROPERTIES OF PENOGIPS COMPOSITIONS." In International Scientific and Practical 65th anniversary conference BSTU them. V.G. Shukhov "HIGH-TECH TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONS (XXIII scientific readings)". Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5cecedc3d6d560.69209555.
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Dinar, Mahmoud, Yong-Seok Park, and Jami J. Shah. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Problem Formulation and Ideation Skills Learned Throughout an Engineering Design Course." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46542.
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Conventional syllabi of engineering design courses either do not pay enough attention to conceptual design skills, or they lack an objective assessment of those skills to show students’ progress. During a semester-long course of advanced engineering product design, we assigned three major design projects to twenty five students. For each project we asked them to formulate the problems in the Problem Formulator web-based testbed. In addition, we collected sketches for all three design problems, feasibility analyses for the last two, and a working prototype for the final project. We report the students’ problem formulation and ideation in terms of a set of nine problem formulation characteristics and ASU’s ideation effectiveness metrics respectively. We discuss the limitations that the choice of the design problems caused, and how the progress of a class of students during a semester-long design course resulted in a convergence in sets of metrics that we have defined to characterize problem formulation and ideation. We also review the results of students of a similar course which we reported last year in order to find common trends.
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Dinar, Mahmoud, and Jami J. Shah. "Enhancing Design Problem Formulation Skills for Engineering Design Students." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35508.
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Problem formulation is an essential design skill for which assessment methods have been less commonly developed. In order to evaluate the progress of a group of graduate students in mechanical engineering design in regard with the problem formulation skill, they were asked to work on three design problems using the Problem Formulator web tool during their course work. Changes in a set of measures elicited from this data were examined in addition to sketches, simulations, and working prototypes. Inventories of requirements and issues, as well as concepts derived from morphological charts were created to assess designers’ skills and outcomes.
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Miller, Tim, Fabio Aguirre, and Ray Hudack. "New Specialty Resins for High Performance Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coatings." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90561.
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In the last decade, the evolution in the exploration and transportation of oil and gas as well as efforts to delay the effect of corrosion on strategic and valuable assets like pipelines, have triggered the development of new Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE) anticorrosion coatings. A major component in a FBE formulation are solid epoxy resins, which when properly formulated enable the FBE coating to reach higher performance requirements to cope with the ever more challenging conditions in the field. This paper describes how solid epoxy resins (SER) can help high glass transition temperature FBE coatings to protect pipelines operating at high service temperatures from corrosion. A second area of innovation is a solid epoxy resin that helps FBE to cure at lower application temperatures than standard FBE coatings while maintaining the similar corrosion performance. Damage tolerance is the third area of innovation. Dow Coating Materials has developed an epoxy/copolymer resin system which helps the FBE formulator overcome the brittleness of FBE Abrasion Resistance Overcoat (ARO) at subzero temperatures.
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Jameel, Tanzeela, Rukhsana Ali, and Kamran Ahmed Malik. "Social Media as an Opinion Formulator: A Study on Implications and Recent Developments." In 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icomet.2019.8673509.
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Seo, Jong-Hwi, Hiroyuki Sugiyama, and Ahmed A. Shabana. "Spatial Finite Element Formulation for the Pantograph/Catenary Systems." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84060.
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This paper describes a three-dimensional large deformation finite element formulation for the analysis of the multibody pantograph/catenary systems. The large deformation of the catenary is modeled using the three-dimensional finite element absolute nodal coordinate formulation. A non-generalized arc-length parameter is introduced in order to be able to formulate the joint between the catenary and pan-head and to accurately predict the location of the contact point. The resulting system of differential and algebraic equations formulated in terms of reference coordinates, finite element absolute nodal coordinates, and non-generalized arc-length and contact surface parameters are solved using computational multibody system algorithms. A method is also proposed to deal with the problem of the loss of contact between the pan-head and the catenary cable.
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Kalender, S., and H. Flashner. "Discrete-Time Robust Control of Linear Periodically Time-Varying Systems." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35633.
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An approach for robust control of periodically time-varying systems is proposed. The approach combines the point-mapping formulation and a parameterization of the control vector to formulate an equivalent time-invariant discrete-time representation of the system. The discrete-time representation of the dynamic system allows for the application of known sampled-data control design methodologies. A perturbed, discrete-time dynamic model is formulated and plant parametric uncertainty are obtained using a truncated point-mapping algorithm. The error bounds due to point-mapping approximation are computed and a robustness analysis problem of the system due to parametric uncertainties is formulated using structured singular value theory. The proposed approach is illustrated by two design examples. Simulation studies show good performance robustness of the control system to parameter perturbations and system nonlinearities.
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Haghpassand, Khorssand, and James Oliver. "Computational Geometry for Optimal Workpiece Orientation." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0116.
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Abstract Workpiece orientation is formulated as an optimal design problem based on a discrete approximation of design surface geometry and the kinematic capabilities of the process machine tool. The primary process application addressed is three- and four-axis numerically controlled (NC) milling, although the techniques presented may be applied to machines with more general articulation. Recent developments in applied spherical geometry are employed to formulate a nonlinear optimization problem. For three-axis milling applications, by assigning a weight to each surface normal of the discrete model corresponding to the actual area it represents, the orientation is optimized such that the angle between the normals and the milling tool axis is minimized. This formulation is augmented, for four-axis milling, to incorporate limitations of the rotational degree of freedom into the optimization formulation.
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Gui, Chenwei, Ranyi Zeng, Kenji Takahashi, Naoki Herai, and Kazuhiro Aoyama. "Genetic Algorithm-Based Clustering Method to Formulate Standard Specifications for Merchant Ship Preliminary Design." In ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69245.
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Abstract In the preliminary design of merchant ships, shipbuilders generally modify some of the standard specifications to fulfill shipowner needs, which is time-consuming owing to the complex techno-economic constraints of ship design. Therefore, an appropriate standard specifications formulation method is necessary to improve the efficiency of the preliminary design. In this study, we performed genetic algorithm-based clustering to determine the subtypes of a specific type of merchant ship and formulated the standard specification for each subtype. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments were performed using 98 specification documents to formulate the standard specifications. The results showed that feature relations among each determined subtype were significantly simpler than those of the main type; thereby, the formulated standard specifications were desirable in the preliminary design of merchant ships.
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Demkanin, Peter, Lucia Klinovská, and Peter Horváth. "The development of pupils´ Science process skills at secondary school." In INNODOCT 2019. Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/inn2019.2019.10113.
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The object of the article is a description and development of selected pupils´ science process skills. We focus on the planning stage of the physics experiment and on the age level 14-16 years. We aimed at possibilities of developing selected pupils´ science process skills such as predicting and formulation of hypotheses. We describe also the process of preparation of specific activities for the development of selected science process skills. We present our experience with the utilization of specially designed activities we have designed and used in physics education at grammar school. Science process skills are inseparable from the conceptual understanding of phenomena studied - we examine the theoretical background, pupils use in the formulation of their predictions and hypothesis, and also we examine the clarity and deepness of their argumentation. Besides, we discuss the role of social learning – we examine the role of teamwork in the planning of experiments, and also we discuss the differences between the planning of laboratory experiments and out-of-door experiments. In the second part of our contribution, we present our experience with the implementation of physics experiments planned by the students themselves, in which the task for the pupils is also to formulate the problem itself. In the last part, we present a Hypotheses quality scale, a tool for comparison of students´ hypotheses, to compare how they formulate hypotheses in the first, second and third activity in a series. We did also a comparison between hypotheses formulated in activities prepared by the teacher and hypotheses formulated for experiments planned by pupils themselves.
Reports on the topic "Formulator"
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Luc, Brunet. Formulate: a python library for formulation. Github, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17601/rdmediation.2021.1.
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Formulate is a library to build and manipulate formulations. It can be use for materials, cosmetics or any activities involving mixing of components. This version computes oxygen balance, eutectic points, equilibrium temperature by deep learning. The purpose of this library is allowing a way to build deep learning datasets for materials and formulations.
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Riveros, Guillermo, Felipe Acosta, Reena Patel, and Wayne Hodo. Computational mechanics of the paddlefish rostrum. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41860.
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Purpose – The rostrum of a paddlefish provides hydrodynamic stability during feeding process in addition to detect the food using receptors that are randomly distributed in the rostrum. The exterior tissue of the rostrum covers the cartilage that surrounds the bones forming interlocking star shaped bones. Design/methodology/approach – The aim of this work is to assess the mechanical behavior of four finite element models varying the type of formulation as follows: linear-reduced integration, linear-full integration, quadratic-reduced integration and quadratic-full integration. Also presented is the load transfer mechanisms of the bone structure of the rostrum. Findings – Conclusions are based on comparison among the four models. There is no significant difference between integration orders for similar type of elements. Quadratic-reduced integration formulation resulted in lower structural stiffness compared with linear formulation as seen by higher displacements and stresses than using linearly formulated elements. It is concluded that second-order elements with reduced integration and can model accurately stress concentrations and distributions without over stiffening their general response. Originality/value – The use of advanced computational mechanics techniques to analyze the complex geometry and components of the paddlefish rostrum provides a viable avenue to gain fundamental understanding of the proper finite element formulation needed to successfully obtain the system behavior and hot spot locations.
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Ratmanski, Kiril, and Sergey Vecherin. Resilience in distributed sensor networks. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45680.
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With the advent of cheap and available sensors, there is a need for intelligent sensor selection and placement for various purposes. While previous research was focused on the most efficient sensor networks, we present a new mathematical framework for efficient and resilient sensor network installation. Specifically, in this work we formulate and solve a sensor selection and placement problem when network resilience is also a factor in the optimization problem. Our approach is based on the binary linear programming problem. The generic formulation is probabilistic and applicable to any sensor types, line-of-site and non-line-of-site, and any sensor modality. It also incorporates several realistic constraints including finite sensor supply, cost, energy consumption, as well as specified redundancy in coverage areas that require resilience. While the exact solution is computationally prohibitive, we present a fast algorithm that produces a near-optimal solution that can be used in practice. We show how such formulation works on 2D examples, applied to infrared (IR) sensor networks designed to detect and track human presence and movements in a specified coverage area. Analysis of coverage and comparison of sensor placement with and without resilience considerations is also performed.
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Semones, G. B., J. M. Connell, and S. C. Jorgensen. Saltcrete formulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191920.
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Arnold, B., Mark Badger, Bruce Miller, and Chunshan Song. Fuel Formulation Studies. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398712.
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Zhang S. Y. Heavy Ion Formulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151373.
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Beeker, Emmett, Tobin Berge-Hill, Zoe A. Henscheid, et al. COIN 1.0 Formulation. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada552516.
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Henscheid, Zoe A., Matthew T. Koehler, Sarah K. Mulutzie, Brian F. Tivnan, and Jessica G. Turnley. COIN 2.0 Formulation. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada552522.
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BELSHER JD and MEINERT FL. HIGH-LEVEL WASTE GLASS FORMULATION MODEL SENSITIVITY STUDY 2009 GLASS FORMULATION MODEL VERSUS 1996 GLASS FORMULATION MODEL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/968651.
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Langton, C. Saltstone Clean Cap Formulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890170.
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