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1
Afifah, Ani. "Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Memanfaatkan Formulator Tarsia." Jurnal Didaktik Matematika 4, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jdm.v4i2.8445.
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Mathematics is often regarded as a difficult subject in school, consequently many students are less interested in learning it. The use of technology can be an alternative to create an interesting and effective of instructional Media. One of the application programs that teachers can choose is Tarsia Formulators. This formulator is a program designed for math teachers to create puzzles, dominoes, and other forms of activity. This paper discusses examples of the application of puzzles created from tarsia formulators in mathematics learning. Learning activities begin by introducing the form of puzzles to be assembled by the students. The teacher gives an explanation of the rules that apply in this lesson. Teacher guides need to be done to make it easier for students who have difficulty. Furthermore, the teacher displays the correct form of the puzzle in comparison to the student's work and provides an explanation of the answer to the problem presented. The tarsia formulators makes it easy for teachers to create effective and varieties instructional media, so students do not feel bored in classroom learning activities.
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DE BOT, KEES. "Does the formulator know its LFG?" Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 1, no. 1 (April 1998): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728998000042.
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A problem when reacting to a contribution as rich and as highly interesting as Pienemann's paper, is that it is much easier to react to what's not in it than to what is. An example is the relation between the theory proposed and the way linguistic knowledge is acquired: “[Processability theory] … is not designed to contribute anything to the question of the innate or learnt origin of linguistic knowledge or the inferential processes by which linguistic input is converted into linguistic knowledge.” It is not easy to interpret the full consequences of the model if we are not to take into account the inferential processes by which the learner adds new information to his/her system. Maybe here the dividing lines are drawn too strictly: if the hypothesis space of the learner is restricted by the procedures that can be applied, one wonders at what level in the cognitive system these restrictions are located. Does the conceptualizer already know what the system is capable of doing, or is it uninformed (as follows from a strict interpretation of Levelt's proposal of an incremental system without feedforward)? In the latter case, this would mean that the learners/speakers would still try to express their communicative intentions and only later on in the process would things go wrong, for example, because the S-procedure cannot be carried out.
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Wickson, E. J., and R. S. Brookman. "Flexible PVC challenges for the formulator." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 11, no. 1 (March 1989): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730110103.
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Pallagi, Edina, Tivadar Bíró, Helga Fekete, Zoltán Aigner, and Ildikó Csóka. "Implementation of Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) in QbD based formulation development in ophthalmology." Acta Pharmaceutica Hungarica 90, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 192–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.33892/aph.2020.90.192-204.
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Development of drug delivery systems for chronic disorders needs a complex thinking in order to ensure the quality of the product. A multidisciplinary approach of pharmaceutical technology, regulatory and behavioral sciences on the basis of the Quality by Design methodology can be a proper tool for this to handle formulators’, patients’, and also doctors’ needs in therapy planning in case of chronic ophthalmologic disorders. According to the present state-of-the-art”, patient perceptions are collected in the form of the “Patient Reported Outcome Measurements” during the clinical trials, but no feedback is given to the formulation development in order to take these aspects into consideration when designing a new product. This work aims to link the key performance indicators from patients’ point of view to the pharmaceutical development and show a new approach to product development by evaluating the patient and formulator aspect as critical quality attributes within the classical Quality by Design workflow. This study can be the basis of the formulation design and development of a new ophthalmic formulation as it revealed the patient critical needs and requirement.
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Smilovitz, Joshua, and Tereza Capelos. "As a Matter of Feeling: Emotions and the Choice of Mediator Tactics in International Mediation." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 3, no. 1 (2008): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187119008x266155.
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AbstractThis article examines the role of negative emotions in the process of international mediation. In particular, it investigates how perceptions of disputant negative emotions influence the tactics that mediators employ. Using the classification of mediator tactics into communicator, formulator or manipulator, the article argues that communicator- or formulator-oriented tactics are adopted more frequently when a mediator perceives negative emotions, such as anger or fear. The results of a web survey of North American mediators that classified mediation tactics are presented. The authors also interviewed international mediators and diplomats who have formally or informally, officially or unofficially, mediated intra-state and inter-state conflicts. Mediators are found to be more inclined to assume communicator- or formulator-oriented tactics when confronted with negative emotions. Our empirical analysis of negative emotions sheds light on the choice of mediation tactics in the field of international mediation, and offers valuable insights to scholars and practitioners of negotiation, diplomacy, international relations and political science.
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Raju. N, Govind, Shishir Ojha, Sumit Kumar Roy, Amit Kori, and Anjaneyulu Vinukonda. "Formulation Development Studies for Sterile Dosages: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 3 (May 15, 2021): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i3.4743.
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Sterile generic dosage development requires that specific critical quality attributes be considered and evaluated, regardless of the route of delivery or the type of registration application. The review briefed with an overview of Pharmaceutical Development study requirements. Each of the various stages of studies like Compatibility with the packaging materials, manufacturing vessels, processing aids, MOCs, Filters, Tubing’s and Gaskets also with special studies to be conducted as part of Regulatory Submission, process considerations. Thus, the chapter offers the formulator an overview of the foundational principles associated with formulation development /Pre-formulation studies of sterile products.
Keywords: Pharmaceutical Development, Compatibility, Studies, Hold time.
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Sahoo, L., G. K. Jena, and C. S. Patro. "Impact of Parameter on Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Formulation and Approach of the Carrier for Cancer Treatment: a Brief Study." Drug development & registration 11, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33380/2305-2066-2022-11-4-95-107.
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Introduction. For the last decade, nanotechnology has been studied extensively in the pharmaceutical field. Among all the nanotechnology formulation areas, nanostructured lipid carrier is enormously researched by formulation scientists as it is one of the focused areas of lipid carrier for the effective formulation.Materials and methods. The nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) consists of solid lipid, liquid lipid & surfactant for fabrication of formulation. Methods such as high energy methods, low energy methods and organic solvent-based methods are used for the preparation of NLC. As per literature study the High pressure homogenization is the most efficient method for fabrication of formulation.Results and discussion. This carrier system has significant advantages such as high drug entrapment, improved bioavailability, stability during storage, and targeting the site with a better-controlled release making it a prominent area for the formulator to emphasize on it. Although many drugs are formulated with a nanostructured lipid carrier, it is a concern for researchers to find out the effectiveness of formulation by studying the process parameter and safety.Conclusion. The present review was focused to study the impact of various parameters such as Lipid, surfactant, homogenization rate, preservative, Crystallinity, and surface charge on the formulation. The study also extended towards toxicity and biocompatibility, topical targeting & cancer treatment of the Nanostructured lipid carrier.
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Bullock, Jim. "Challenging the Formulator: Biocontrol and Conventional Crop Protection." Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_jun_10.
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Whether it is a synthetic or a biological material, the journey of an active ingredient (AI) from manufacture to its target site is a perilous one. Along the way there are numerous opportunities for the AI to be degraded, destroyed or removed. Following production of the AI, it may be vulnerable to chemical and thermal instability. Again, during formulation and on storage after manufacture, possible physical and chemical instability will need to be considered. Compatibility of the AI and co-formulants with packaging materials will also need to be taken into account. During application there are further opportunities for the AI to be lost. In a spray tank there is a risk of physical instability (e.g. particle agglomeration and settling) and of incompatibilities with other products added to the tank such as adjuvants and other AIs. Once sprayed, the droplets may drift and miss the target area or, even if they reach the leaf, not adhere there. Then, it may not persist on the leaf (or pest) surface or (in the case of systemic AIs) be taken up by the target. Finally, even once taken up by the target, there can be further chemical incompatibilities which degrade the AI. Many of these problems can be tackled by good use of formulation during product development. Formulation can address the following challenges: the challenge of stability; the challenge of compatibility; the challenge of protection; the challenge of delivery; and the challenge of sustainability and new crop protection practices.
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Román, Allen Jonathan, Shiyi Qin, Julio C. Rodríguez, Leonardo D. González, Victor M. Zavala, and Tim A. Osswald. "Natural Rubber Blend Optimization via Data-Driven Modeling: The Implementation for Reverse Engineering." Polymers 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 2262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14112262.
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Natural rubber formulation methodologies implemented within industry primarily implicate a high dependence on the formulator’s experience as it involves an educated guess-and-check process. The formulator must leverage their experience to ensure that the number of iterations to the final blend composition is minimized. The study presented in this paper includes the implementation of blend formulation methodology that targets material properties relevant to the application in which the product will be used by incorporating predictive models, including linear regression, response surface method (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and Gaussian process regression (GPR). Training of such models requires data, which is equal to financial resources in industry. To ensure minimum experimental effort, the dataset is kept small, and the model complexity is kept simple, and as a proof of concept, the predictive models are used to reverse engineer a current material used in the footwear industry based on target viscoelastic properties (relaxation behavior, tanδ, and hardness), which all depend on the amount of crosslinker, plasticizer, and the quantity of voids used to create the lightweight high-performance material. RSM, ANN, and GPR result in prediction accuracy of 90%, 97%, and 100%, respectively. It is evident that the testing accuracy increases with algorithm complexity; therefore, these methodologies provide a wide range of tools capable of predicting compound formulation based on specified target properties, and with a wide range of complexity.
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Gowda, Dileep Kumar Hanume. "Pig Feed Formulator (PFF): A Need Based Feed Formulation Software for Commercial Pig Farmers of India." Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2, no. 5 (2014): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.5.264.269.
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Buckhiester, Philip G. "Probability, Problem Formulation, and Two-Player Games." Mathematics Teacher 87, no. 3 (March 1994): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.87.3.0154.
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The Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (NCTM 1989) states in Standard 11 for grades 9 through 12 that students should have opportunities to “use experimental and theoretical probabilities to represent and solve problems involving uncertainty.” Standard 1 emphasizes the importance of students' learning to “formulate problems from situations within and outside mathematics.” This article discusses a simply stated problem involving uncertainty that students can investigate experimentally or theoretically. The problem places students in the role of problem formulator by giving them opportunities to generate various interesting problems of their own on the basis of a given situation. By changing certain characteristics of the original problem, students can be introduced to some fundamental concepts of decision making in two-player games.
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Abbott, Steven. "Solubility, similarity, and compatibility: A general-purpose theory for the formulator." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 48 (August 2020): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2020.03.007.
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Alanka, Sandeep, Chanamala Ratnam, and Balla Srinivasa Prasad. "An effective approach to synthesize carbon nanotube-reinforced Al matrix composite precursor." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 25, no. 5 (September 25, 2018): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2017-0229.
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AbstractAluminum-based nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes have increased scientific attention in today’s life. The dispersion quality was the critical aspect, which decides the homogeneous distribution of CNTs within the Al matrix as starting precursors. In this study, a new attempt has been made to obtain a uniformly dispersed Al-0.75% CNT precursor via combining ultra-sonication, cubic tumbler rod milling, and spray drying. This process was integrated with organic deflocculant (formulator) in specific proportion to transform as a semi-wet-based route. The effect of milling media on the morphology and interface structure of the as-produced composite precursor after all the processing steps was investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results reveal that the approach is effective in CNT dispersion in Al precursor, which shields the nanotube structure from damage for longer periods of milling time due to the organic formulator mixture, and also, the CNT retention in the Al precursor with minimum clustering is identified compared to the ball milling process. Carbon traces were confirmed in the as-produced composite precursor by this approach.
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Poulsen, J. C. N., M. Sommer, and S. Larsen. "Using multilayer soft lithography formulator chips to map precipitations diagrams of proteins." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (August 23, 2005): c179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767305092378.
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Vranić, Edina, Amela Lačević, Aida Mehmedagić, and Alija Uzunović. "Formulation ingredients for toothpastes and mouthwashes." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 4, no. 4 (November 20, 2004): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2004.3362.
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In order to achieve the multi-claim products required for the dental care category, it is necessary for the formulator to use a variety of different ingredients. This places a number of demands on the development process. Innovations in the areas of pharmaceutical technology have contributed to the formulation of the products having superior efficacy as well as other attributes that may contribute to clinical response and patient acceptability. Improved clinical efficacy and tolerability, along with conditioning signals, should encourage patient compliance with oral hygiene further complementing professional efforts directed at disease prevention. The most effective way of preventing the development of dental disease is in controlling the production of dental plaque. It is formed by microbial action. The removal of plaque from the teeth and related areas is essential for the maintenance of a healthy mouth.In this paper we have presented the main components of toothpastes and mouthwashes. For the active ingredients, their supposed effect as therapeutic agents is also explained.
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Carmen Drahl, special to C&EN. "C&EN talks with Kayla Ivey, lead formulator for Purell hand sanitizer." C&EN Global Enterprise 100, no. 16 (May 9, 2022): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10016-feature3.
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Hansen, C. L., M. O. A. Sommer, and S. R. Quake. "From The Cover: Systematic investigation of protein phase behavior with a microfluidic formulator." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 40 (September 27, 2004): 14431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0405847101.
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Hoyt, Anne L., Don Bushman, Nathan Lewis, and Robert Faber. "Developing a Modified Preservative Efficacy Testing Approach as a Predictive Tool for the Evaluation of Preservative Systems in Liquid Home Care Products Under Variable Test Conditions." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 95, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 203–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.10-513.
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Abstract How can a formulator have confidence that a preservative system will perform as expected under adverse conditions? Extreme conditions that can lead to the development of “off odors” in the product can be a serious challenge for companies providing home care products in the global market. Formulation and stability testing occur under controlled parameters that simulate limited environmental conditions and microbial challenges are typically performed with a standard inoculum level. While this is an acceptable and dependable process, it does not necessarily assess how well a preservative system can perform under extreme environmental conditions or against unusually high levels of bacterial challenges. This is especially true when formulations are diluted and stored by the end-user. By modifying microbial challenge testing of a liquid dishwashing product to include unexpected dilution schemes, increased microbial assaults, and elevated temperatures, a pattern of preservative efficacy was established. The resulting approach proved to be a useful tool when developing use directions, recommended dilution levels, the overall surfactant system, preservative type, and storage restrictions.
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Baldisserotto, Anna, Erika Baldini, Sara Ravarotto, Elena Cesa, Daniela De Lucia, Elisa Durini, Silvia Vertuani, Stefano Manfredini, and Bozena B. Michniak-Kohn. "Expert Systems for Predicting the Bioavailability of Sun Filters in Cosmetic Products, Software vs. Expert Formulator: The Benzophenone-3 Case." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 1815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091815.
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There are only a limited number of molecules in a cosmetic formulation, which can passively cross the stratum corneum and be absorbed into the skin layers. However, some actives should never cross the skin in large concentrations due to their potential for side effects, for example, sunscreens. Artificial intelligence is gaining an increasing role as a predictive tool, and in this regard, we selected the Formulating for Efficacy® Software to forecast the changes in bioavailability of selected topical cosmetic compounds. Using the Franz diffusion cell methodology, various oils were selected as those with low release capability, and these were compared to those suggested by the software in Benzophenone-3-containing formulations. The software was able to predict the lipophilic phases, which, if utilized in the emulsion, were stable and sometimes even more pleasant in appearance and consistency than the reference emulsions prepared by the formulator. To date, however, Formulating for Efficacy® Software still has limitations as far as predicting the hydrophilic phase, as well as not being able to choose the emulsifier or the preservative system.
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Bhatt, Santosh Kumar, Kedarnagalakshman M, and Mukesh Sharma. "THE Role of Chewable Tablets: An Overview." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2021): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.1005.
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Chewable dosage forms for example tablets, delicate, pills, gums, chewable squares is long piece of drug specialist armamentarium. They are required to be break and bit in the middle of the teeth before administration. These tablets are given to the children who have difficulty in swallowing and to the adults who dislike swallowing. These tablets are intended to disintegrate smoothly in the mouth at a moderate rate either with or without actual chewing, characteristically chewable tablets have a smooth texture upon disintegration, are pleasant tasting and leave no bitter or unpleasant taste. Geriatric and pediatric patients and travelling patients who may not have ready access to water are most need of easy swallowing dosage forms like chewable tablets. The major formulation factors are flow, lubrication, disintegration, organoleptic properties, compressibility, compatibility and stability, which are common to regular (swallowed) and chewable tablets; however, organoleptic properties of the active drug substances are primary concern here. A formulator may use one or more approaches to arrive at a combination of formula and process that result in product with good organoleptic properties.
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N, Shiva Prasada, and Shivanand K. Mutta. "A Review on Emulgel." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 4 (August 14, 2021): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i4.1007.
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Chewable dosage forms for example tablets, delicate, pills, gums, chewable squares is long piece of drug specialist armamentarium. They are required to be break and bit in the middle of the teeth before administration. These tablets are given to the children who have difficulty in swallowing and to the adults who dislike swallowing. These tablets are intended to disintegrate smoothly in the mouth at a moderate rate either with or without actual chewing, characteristically chewable tablets have a smooth texture upon disintegration, are pleasant tasting and leave no bitter or unpleasant taste. Geriatric and pediatric patients and travelling patients who may not have ready access to water are most need of easy swallowing dosage forms like chewable tablets. The major formulation factors are flow, lubrication, disintegration, organoleptic properties, compressibility, compatibility and stability, which are common to regular (swallowed) and chewable tablets; however, organoleptic properties of the active drug substances are primary concern here. A formulator may use one or more approaches to arrive at a combination of formula and process that result in product with good organoleptic properties.
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Abbott, Steven. "Practical Formulation Science for Particle-Based Inks." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3010023.
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There is a big gap between idealized colloid science and the needs of a printing ink formulator. This often leads to formulations based on intuition and experience rather than good science. By bringing together the most relevant colloid and interface science with the capabilities of modern apps, it is possible to bridge the gap between theory and reality to the benefit of both the colloid science community and those who need the science to improve their formulations. The process of making current science usable also exposes the limitations of available theories. This suggests a methodology for highlighting the grand challenges to the colloid science research community, including the challenge of making any new science more usable.
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Sommer, Morten O. A., and Sine Larsen. "Crystallizing proteins on the basis of their precipitation diagram determined using a microfluidic formulator." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 12, no. 6 (October 18, 2005): 779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049505002621.
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Mamdouh, Mai, Ahmed Donia, Ebtessam Essa, and Gamal El Maghraby. "Preparation of Liquid Oral Mucoadhesive Gastro-retentive System of Nimodipine." Current Drug Delivery 16, no. 9 (December 4, 2019): 862–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567201816666191014102531.
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Background: Nimodipine is a calcium channel blocker frequently used in critical care settings. It is mainly absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, the development of gastroretentive formulation will be beneficial. The benefit would be maximized for critical care patients if the developed system was in liquid form to facilitate the administration through nasogastric tubing. Objective: Development of gastro-retentive liquid oral controlled release formulation of nimodipine through in situ gellation. Methods: Nimodipine dissolution was improved by solid dispersion (SD) using poloxamer 407. Sodium alginate solutions (1, 1.5 and 2%w/v) were loaded with the optimized SD microparticles. Carboxymethylcellulose was added to modulate the release and to augment mucoadhesion power. All in situ gelling alginate solutions were characterized regarding viscosity, gelling capacity and drug release. SD microparticles showed considerable improvement in nimodipine dissolution. Results: All alginate systems were pourable. Increasing alginate concentration increased the gelling capacity and reduced drug release rate. The addition of carboxymethylcellulose produced greater control over drug release rate. X-ray radiography showed successful stomach-retention over 8 hours in rabbits, which correlates with the controlled release pattern of the developed systems. Conclusion: The study provides the formulator with a range of gastroretentive controlled release formulations of nimodipine while maintaining the convenience of administration through nasogastric tubing with the potential for enhanced bioavailability.
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Yusof, Arief Huzaimi Md, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan, and Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi. "Gel Textural Characteristics of Hair Gel with Cocoa Shell Extract by Using Mixture D-optimal Method." International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering 16 (January 3, 2022): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/91011.2022.16.14.
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This study was used a mixture design to optimize the spreadability and viscosity of topical hair gel incorporates cocoa shell extract. The factor of the hair gel ingredient was thickener (0.2 – 0.8%), styling polymer A (2-5%), styling polymer B (2-6%), and solvent (84.63-91.63%) were studied on two responses selected spreadability and viscosity. The data collected were fitted to the model with high coefficient determination (R2= 0.994 for the spreadability and 0.9937 for the viscosity). The model can be predicted by showing the good lack of fit test result not significant with the p-value bigger than 0.05. From the ramp function simulation, the optimized formulation was selected and established at thickener (0.55%), styling polymer A (3.61%), styling polymer B (3.72%), and solvent (88.55%) with the spreadability and viscosity at 353.77 g.s and 39.91 pa.s respectively. The benefit of using mixture design in this experiment, it can help a formulator to understand the complex interaction between factors and can easily modify the formulation through ramp function simulation to obtain the desired result. The predicted validation test shows that both values were comparable. Under this condition showed that the model development could be used to predict future observations within the design range thickener (0.2 – 0.8%), styling polymer A (2-5%), styling polymer B (2-6%), and solvent (84.63-91.63%).
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Sukarso, Swastha Dharma, and Niken Paramarti Dasuki. "Putting people in the proper position on policy process in rural area: A deliberation and empowerment process in village level of Indonesia." SHS Web of Conferences 86 (2020): 01046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208601046.
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In public policy discourse, especially the classic one, the position of society as a policy target group is often, therefore, an object of policy even in some contemporary references. The position as an object thus tends to be relatively weak compared to other positions. A top-down policy process tends to put people in a weak bargaining position. On the other hand, empowerment policies often define target groups as groups that seem to be independent and sterile from other groups. From this assumption, this study tries to formulate an empowerment model that can reposition the “target group” of the policy from objects to subjects, including redefining “target groups” into compliancers, say it is, it refers to a multi group who has to comply to the policy with deferent ways. The research method uses a case study approach with data collection techniques are in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The results of the study get an empowerment policy model that is more deliberative and comprehensive than a partial one. This model is different from the existing models so far, both from the formulator, output, delivery system, and of course the “target group” of the policy.
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Adeyeye, Ademola David, and Festus Adekunle Oyawale. "Lexicographic Multi-Objective Optimization Approach for Welding Flux System Design." European Journal of Engineering Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (June 18, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejest.v4i1.593.
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Multiple response optimization of welding flux performance has been found to be cost effective and useful for the achievement of the best balance among conflicting welding flux quality attributes. Many multi-criteria optimization methods (MCOM) have been applied in flux formulation situations where flux quality attributes are of comparable importance. However, information on applications of MCOM to flux design situations where quality attributes are in hierarchical order of importance is scarce in the open literature. In this study, a Lexicographic Multi-objective Optimization (LMO) model was proposed for handling flux design situations in which the attributes are in hierarchical order of importance. The model was applied using data from literature. Two priority levels were used: acicular ferrite (AF) maximization was assigned first priority while the maximization of polygonal ferrite (PF) content and weld-metal impact toughness (WIT) were assigned second priority subject to oxygen content constraint of 250 – 350ppm. The respective solutions for AF, PF, WIT and oxygen content were 51.19%, 21.80%, 23.70J at -20oC and 315ppm. The corresponding flux formulation was CaO (25.90) MgO (15.00) CaF2 (31.10) and Al2O3 (8.00%). Various priority structures were used to explore trade-off options and to generate three more pareto efficient solutions from which the flux formulator can select the most preferred one. The proposed model has filled the existing gap in the literature being a pioneering work in the application of lexicographic multi-objective optimization method in welding flux design.
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Stoten, David William. "Tarsia: An Interactive and Engaging Activity That Promotes Consolidation of Knowledge." Management Teaching Review 2, no. 3 (March 7, 2017): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2379298117697000.
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Tarsia Formulator is a software package that enables management teachers to create innovative and engaging learning materials that test understanding. Available freely on the Internet via Hermitech Laboratory, it is widely used in the United Kingdom in the school sector. The author has used Tarsia in management classes and has received very positive comments from both undergraduate and MBA students who see it as a fun activity that really stretches their capacity to recall information and think logically. Tarsia can generate a range of puzzles that can serve as a way of consolidating knowledge for small groups of two to three students, or as a summation exercise at the end of a half-day session.
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YAPICI, Merve İrem. "What Role Did Nashi Play in Russian Internal Politics and Foreign Policy A Formulator or an Implementer." Review of International Law and Politics 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19096/rilp.2016216812.
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Fitriana, Mira, Dedy Hermawan, and Susana Indriyati Caturiani. "EVALUASI FORMULASI KEBIJAKAN SMART VILLAGE PROVINSI LAMPUNG." Wacana Publik 15, no. 02 (December 23, 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37295/wp.v15i2.78.
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This study aims to evaluate the formulation of policies regarding the implementation regulations and locus determination of the Smart Village program of Lampung Province through the issue of process, content and form of policy. The type of research used is descriptive with qualitative approach. Data is generated from interviews, observations and documentation. The results of the study obtained that the policy formulation process of the Smart Village program of Lampung Province uses an institutional approach, namely the Office of Community Empowerment, Village and Transmigration of Lampung Province as a policy formulator in coordination with the Regional Development Planning Agency of Lampung Province as well as harmonization of regulations with the Law Bureau of the Secretariat of Lampung Province. The policy content of the Smart Village program in Lampung Province is in accordance with the problems in the village and the strategic issues of the village in Lampung Province as well as the goals to be achieved in the Smart Village concept. The policy form of The Smart Village program of Lampung Province is in accordance with the macro, micro and word-by-word forms in accordance with the guidelines for the preparation of regional legal products contained in Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs No.80 of 2015 concerning the Establishment of Regional Legal Products. In the future, it is expected that in the smart village policy formulation of Lampung Province also prioritizes a bottom-up approach. In addition, in order to strengthen the implementation, the Master Plan and other technical policies are immediately established. Then in the framework of monitoring and evaluation so that it is not only implemented by the Lampung Provincial Government, but also from the village government and the village community as the recipients of the program so that it becomes an improvement in the formulation process and implementation of the next Smart Village policy of Lampung Province.
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Chavan, Akshaya Ravindra, and Sunil S. Bhagwat. "Synergistic behavior of SLS-OPE-10 binary mixtures at their CMC." Tenside Surfactants Detergents 59, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tsd-2021-2398.
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Abstract The micellation behaviour of mixtures of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and octylphenol ethoxylate-10 (OPE-10) was investigated using tensiometry and dye solubilisation. The interaction parameters for the system were determined using Rubingh’s model for non-ideality and the adsorption parameters were calculated. The surfactant mixture was found to behave synergistically in terms of CMC reduction and dye solubilisation. Furthermore, the mixture appears to mimic the adsorption and micellation properties of OPE-10 more closely than SLS, regardless of composition. With this knowledge, and considering that OPE-10 is typically more expensive than SLS, the formulator can now use only a fraction of the required amount of OPE-10 for a given application (instead of using 100% OPE-10), resulting in high performance yet economical products. It was also found that the said mixture exhibits azeotropic behaviour at a certain fixed composition.
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Lubis, Hafnita Sari Dewi, and Muhammad Ihsan Syahaf Nasution. "Meninjau Ulang Narasi Besar dalam Buku Sejarah tentang Mohammad Natsir pada Masa Percobaan Demokrasi Indonesia, 1950-1957." MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial 5, no. 2 (August 4, 2021): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v5i2.4027.
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The purpose of this article is to analyse M. Natsir's concept of a state, which, incidentally, was refused by the Indonesian government at the time. The concern is really what M. Natsir's actual role and political actions are in reviewing the grand narrative constructed into most history textbooks about his personality and controversial side. The historical method was used in this research. According to the findings of the study, M. Natsir, as a formulator of the Islamic idea on the basis of the Indonesian state, claims that Pancasila's position in Islam does not clash with Islamic values, and that Pancasila is even in line with the Qur'an. Additionally, he is a pioneer of Islamic education reform and was influential in reviving Indonesia through his famous "Integral" motion, which unifies several federated countries into the Republic of Indonesia.
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Yu, Jiaqi, Bing Xu, Kunfeng Zhang, Chenfeng Shi, Zhiqiang Zhang, Jing Fu, and Yanjiang Qiao. "Using a Material Library to Understand the Impacts of Raw Material Properties on Ribbon Quality in Roll Compaction." Pharmaceutics 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2019): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120662.
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The purpose of this study is to use a material library to investigate the effect of raw material properties on ribbon tensile strength (TS) and solid fraction (SF) in the roll compaction (RC) process. A total of 81 pharmaceutical materials, including 53 excipients and 28 natural product powders (NPPs), were characterized by 22 material descriptors and were compacted under five different hydraulic pressures. The transversal and longitudinal splitting behaviors of the ribbons were summarized. The TS-porosity and TS-pressure relationships were used to explain the roll compaction behavior of powdered materials. Through defining the target ribbon quality (i.e., 0.6 ≤ SF ≤ 0.8 and TS ≥ 1 MPa), the roll compaction behavior classification system (RCBCS) was built and 81 materials were classified into three categories. A total of 24 excipients and five NPPs were classified as Category I materials, which fulfilled the target ribbon quality and had less occurrence of transversal splitting. Moreover, the multivariate relationships between raw material descriptors, the hydraulic pressure and ribbon quality attributes were obtained by PLS regression. Four density-related material descriptors and the cohesion index were identified as critical material attributes (CMAs). The multi-objective design space summarizing the feasible material properties and operational region for the RC process were visualized. The RCBCS presented in this paper enables a formulator to perform the initial risk assessment of any new materials, and the data modeling method helps to predict the impact of formulation ingredients on strength and porosity of compacts.
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Ilyas, Ilyas. "Revitalisasi Peran Srategis Sekretaris Daerah Dalam Mengakselerasi Reformasi Birokrasi." Kalabbirang Law Journal 2, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.kalabbirang146.
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Penelitian ini mengkaji revitalisasi peran strategis Sekretaris Daerah dalam akselerasi reformasi birokrasi, dengan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, dan desain penelitian evaluatif, analitik, eksploratif, eksplanatif dan komparative, serta teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasilnya, secara umum dan keseluruhan, ada 8 (delapan) dimensi pokok dan utama satu kesatuan kelompok peran strategis seorang Sekretaris Daerah dalam birokrasi pemerintahan yaitu: (1) Pemimpin (Leader) birokrasi dan ASN. (2) Manajer (Manager) birokrasi dan ASN, (3) Konseptor, konsultan, desainer, formulator kebijakan daerah, organisasi birokrasi dan ASN, (4) Administrator birokrasi, ASN dan pelayanan public, (5) Koordinator, komunikator, fasilitator, mediator, motivator, dinamisator, energisator organisasi birokrasi, ASN dan pelayanan public, (6) Supervisor, educator, trainer, learner, advocator, promotor dan empower organisasi birokrasi, ASN dan pelayanan public, (7) Implementor dan eksekutor kebijakan organisasi birokrasi, ASN dan pelayanan public, (8) Controller, monitor dan evaluator organisasi birokrasi, ASN dan pelayanan publik. Model revitalisasi peran strategis Sekretaris Daerah dalam akselerasi reformasi birokrasi adalah revitalisasi peran Sekda sebagai aktor Reinventer Government, Leader Manager birokrasi, Entrepreuner birokrasi, aktor New Public Management (NPM), aktor Strategi Banishing Bureucracy reformasi birokrasi, dan aktor reformasi birokrasi berbasis kearifan budaya lokal. Disarankan untuk mempertimbangkan penerapan model revitalisasi peran strategis Sekretaris Daerah dalam akselerasi reformasi birokrasi tersebut.
This research explore revitalization a strategic role of Local Secretary owned Local Government to accelerate bureaucracy reformation, by use a qualitative descriptive as method, and an evaluative, analytic, explorative, explanative and comparative as investigation design, and a qualitative as analyses. Results, by all dan generally, there are eight main dimensions as unity at strategic role played by Local Government Secretary within government bureaucracy include: (1) Leader, (2) Manager, (3) Conseptor, consultant, designer and formulator for local policy and officer or employment, (4) Administrator for public service and employment, (5) Coordinator, communikator, facilitator, mediator, motivator, dynamisator, energizer, (6) Supervisor, educator, trainer, learner, advocator, promotor and empower for bureaucracy, public service and employment, (7) Implementor and executor, (8) Controller, monitor and evaluator. Revitalization model of strategic role of Local Government Secretrary to accelerate bureaucracy reformation are revitalization as Reinventer Government actor, Leader Manager, Entrepreuner, New Public Management (NPM) actor, Banishing Bureucracy Strategy actor, and actor bureaucracy reformation based local wisdom. Recommended to actualize those revitalization model as mentioned above in order to accelerate any strategic role of Local Government Secretary into bureaucracy reformation it.
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CHODANKAR, REHA S., and ASISH DEV. "Optimisaton techniques: a futuristic approach for formulating and processing of pharmaceuticals." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.4.2.5.
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Designing and formulating an ideal pharmaceutical product is a very tedious job for a formulator as it comprises of multiple objectives. The traditional method followed for years is not only expensive and time consuming but it also needs lot of effort to be put in and in spite of that at times it proves to be unfavourable and unpredictable too.The recent approach to optimise i.e. to achieve the best combination of product and process characteristics under the given conditions is by using Design of Experiment (DoE).Design of Experiment (DoE) is an organised approach to determine the relationship between the factors (Xs) affecting a process and the output of that process (Ys).The recent optimisation methodologies include various approaches that come under the 2 main categories namely, simultaneous optimisation and sequential optimisation. Nowadays there are various software available to carry out the optimisation of pharmaceutical products.
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Wang, Zhan, Peter Skehan, and Gaowei Chen. "The effects of hybrid online planning and L2 proficiency on video-based speaking task performance." Instructed Second Language Acquisition 3, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isla.37398.
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This study investigated L2 speaking performance under three different types of task-related time pressure, with a control (Control) group narrating a video at normal playing rate, an online planning (OP) group narrating the video at a slowed playing rate, and a hybrid online planning (HOP) group which combined online planning (a slowed playing rate) with content preparedness (through prewatching the video). The results show that the HOP group outperformed the Control group regarding speech accuracy and complexity, suggesting that this form of online planning, with content preparedness, helps improve speech accuracy and complexity. In addition, L2 proficiency significantly predicted speech accuracy, specifically, among all other performance measures. The implications of these findings for language teaching and learning are discussed, particularly their relevance for the way a Conceptualiser-Formulator balance is important, and for the way proficiency can best be mobilised within task performance.
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Bhatt, Reena, Ashok Kumar, and Ankita Sharma. "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SHAMPOO FORMULATED BY GLYCINE MAX SEEDS." Indian Research Journal of Pharmacy and Science 4, no. 4 (December 2017): 1232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2017.4.4.10.
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Conceicao, Jaime, Oluwatomide Adeoye, Helena Maria Cabral-Marques, and Jose Manuel Sousa Lobo. "Cyclodextrins as Drug Carriers in Pharmaceutical Technology: The State of the Art." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 13 (July 11, 2018): 1405–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666171218125431.
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Background: Cyclodextrins (CDs) are versatile excipients with an essential role in drug delivery, as they can form non-covalently bonded inclusion complexes (host-guest complexes) with several drugs either in solution or in the solid state. Methods: The main purpose of this publication was to carry out a state of the art of CDs as complexing agents in drug carrier systems. In this way, the history, properties and pharmaceutical applications of the CDs were highlighted with typical examples. The methods to enhance the Complexation Efficiency (CE) and the CDs applications in solid dosage forms were emphasized in more detail. Results: The main advantages of using these cyclic oligosaccharides are as follows: (1) to enhance solubility/ dissolution/ bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs; (2) to enhance drug stability; (3) to modify the drug release site and/or time profile; and (4) to reduce drug side effects (for example, gastric or ocular irritation). These compounds present favorable toxicological profile for human use and therefore there are various medicines containing CDs approved by regulatory authorities worldwide. On the other hand, the major drawback of CDs is the increase in formulation bulk, once the CE is, in general, very low. This aspect is particularly relevant in solid dosage forms and limits the use of CDs to potent drugs. Conclusion: CDs have great potential as drug carriers in Pharmaceutical Technology and can be used by the formulator in order to improve the drug properties such as solubility, bioavailability and stability. Additionally, recent studies have shown that these compounds can be applied as active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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Pienaar, Jacques. "‘A Policy of Sacrifice’: G.B.A. Gerdener’s Missionally Founded Racial Theory and the Religionization of Apartheid." Religions 14, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010039.
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In 1935 the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC) accepted its federal mission policy which had racial segregation enshrined in it as a core and divinely sanctioned principle. As the foremost missiologist within South African church circles during the middle half of the 20th Century, Gustav Bernhard Augustus Gerdener was the chief formulator and disseminator of this policy. Convinced that the future fate of South Africa’s multi-racial society rested squarely on evangelisation, white guardianship, and mission work, Gerdener lobbied for secular racial theory to be based on the formula of the DRC mission church. By 1946 this racial theory espoused by Gerdener, as well as the majority DRC, was internationally questioned by the post-World War Two onset of general human rights and rapid decolonialisation spearheaded by the newly constituted United Nations Organisation. This paper sets out to track the influence Gerdener had on the formulation of the DRC mission policy. It will make the case that as advocate of this policy and through his position as chairman of the DRC Federal Mission Council Gerdener played a critical role during the incubation years of the apartheid ideology leading up to the nationalist’s political victory in 1948. Finally, it will aim to elucidate the justification for apartheid which Gerdener’s racial theory afforded to a religious nation. A justification which formed the moral bedrock of South Africa’s opposition to the broader international context of decolonialisation and advocation of a domestic social system guised as one geared toward equal, albeit separate, development but which ultimately proved to be a new strain of colonialism.
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Ardana, Mirhansyah, Wilujeng Cahya Arundina, and Sabaniah Indjar Gamma. "Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Aloe vera Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Basis Polietilen Glikol Sediaan Suppositoria." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 4, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v4i3.1177.
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Ekstrak Aloe vera berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi sediaan suppositoria karena terbukti memiliki aktivitas laksatif. Pada penelitian ini sejumlah ekstrak yang dosisnya telah dikonfersi dicampurkan dengan basis suppositoria polietilen glikol (PEG). Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi karakteristik fisik meliputi kekerasan, disolusi, dan titik leleh terhadap basis dan sediaan suppositoria yang mengandung ekstrak. Hal ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan ekstrak terhadap karakteristik basis PEG suppositoria yang telah dioptimasi komposisinya, sehingga akan mempermudah formulator untuk melakukan penyesuaian komposisi basis terhadap persyaratan sediaan suppositoria yang baik. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak tidak mengubah kekerasan basis suppositoria, tetapi mempengaruhi disolusi dan titik leleh basis. Ekstrak Aloe vera mempercepat disolusi basis dari 37,163 menit menjadi 36,933 menit dan meningkatkan titik leleh basis dari 62,967 °C menjadi 80,467 °C. Dari data yang diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa basis PEG yang ditambahkan ekstrak Aloe vera tidak memerlukan penyesuaikan komposisi karena perubahan yang terjadi masih sesuai dengan persyaratan dan tidak mempengaruhi performa sediaan dalam hal pelepasan zat aktif.
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Permana, Intan. "MENJELAJAH ANGKASA LUAR MENGGUNAKAN PUZZLE TARSIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan TRISALA 1, no. 19 (June 15, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54211/trisala.v1i19.232.
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Latar belakang penulisan best practice ini karena siswa yang tidak begitu paham penjelasan guru yang mengakibatkan rendahnya aktivitas belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat secara sekilas saat pembelajaran, dimana siswa terlihat kurang semangat. Tujuan penulisan menjelajah angkasa luar menggunakan puzzle tarsia ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Selain itu juga mempermudah guru dan juga siswa dalam memahami materi sistem tata surya serta membuat pembelajaran yang menyenangkan karena dilakukan dengan permainan. Dalam penulisan ini digunakan metode penyusunan puzzle menggunakan formulator tarsia. Penyusunan puzzle ini seperti puzzle pada umumnya. Bedasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil akhir yang memperlihatkan peningkatan aktivitas yang cukup signifikan, sebanyak 3 peserta didik (25%) mendapat predikat sangat baik, 8 peserta didik (67%) mendapat predikat baik, dan sisanya dengan predikat cukup baik. Dari hasil pelaksanaan best practice dapat disimpulkan bahwa menjelajah angkasa luar menggunakan puzzle tarsia dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas VI SD Negeri Kalicacing 02 Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021.
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Permana, Intan. "MENJELAJAH ANGKASA LUAR MENGGUNAKAN PUZZLE TARSIA." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan TRISALA 1, no. 19 (June 15, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54211/trisala.v1i19.232.
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Latar belakang penulisan best practice ini karena siswa yang tidak begitu paham penjelasan guru yang mengakibatkan rendahnya aktivitas belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat secara sekilas saat pembelajaran, dimana siswa terlihat kurang semangat. Tujuan penulisan menjelajah angkasa luar menggunakan puzzle tarsia ini adalah untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Selain itu juga mempermudah guru dan juga siswa dalam memahami materi sistem tata surya serta membuat pembelajaran yang menyenangkan karena dilakukan dengan permainan. Dalam penulisan ini digunakan metode penyusunan puzzle menggunakan formulator tarsia. Penyusunan puzzle ini seperti puzzle pada umumnya. Bedasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil akhir yang memperlihatkan peningkatan aktivitas yang cukup signifikan, sebanyak 3 peserta didik (25%) mendapat predikat sangat baik, 8 peserta didik (67%) mendapat predikat baik, dan sisanya dengan predikat cukup baik. Dari hasil pelaksanaan best practice dapat disimpulkan bahwa menjelajah angkasa luar menggunakan puzzle tarsia dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa kelas VI SD Negeri Kalicacing 02 Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021.
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Fikri, Muhammad, and Zulfila Zulfila. "Internalisasi Nilai Islam Moderat di SMPS Muhammadiyah Plus Bengkalis." Takuana: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, dan Humaniora 1, no. 2 (October 8, 2022): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.56113/takuana.v1i2.35.
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Several kinds of research conducted by several institutions show the high value of intolerance in Indonesia, especially among students. Muhammadiyah, one of the largest, oldest organizations and the formulator of the establishment of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, has a strategic role in preventing radicalism and intolerance. This study aims to determine the internalization of moderate Islamic values at SMPS Muhammadiyah Plus Bengkalis. This research is qualitative. Data collection by Interview, Observation, and Documentation. The data analysis technique in this study will use the Interactive Model technique, which consists of Data Collection, Data Reduction, Data Presentation, and Conclusion Drawing. The results of this study indicate that the Internalization of Moderate Islamic Values at SMPS Muhammadiyah Plus Bengkalis consists of three stages: Value Transformation, Value Transactions, and Trans-Internalization of Values. In contrast, the internalized values are Tasamuh (tolerance), I'tidal (straight and firm), Tawazun (balance), Musawah (equality), and Shura (deliberation).
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Zammito, John. "A Problem of our own Making: Roth on Historical Explanation." Journal of the Philosophy of History 2, no. 2 (2008): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226308x315077.
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AbstractRoth claims that in constituting the sorts of events they want to connect, historians conceive matters that may not correlate with any inventory of elements eligible for admission by natural science. Given “the liabilities incurred by the very questions historians choose to ask,” the question of historical explanation is a problem of our own making. “Previous challenges to the epistemic legitimacy of historical explanations lose their point,” for no one can ask what kind of science or what kind of explanation history is, since it is none! This is, unsurprisingly, an unacceptable outcome for me. A case can be made for intersubjective assertability of a historical interpretation and the contestation of it – however tentatively, fallibly, partially – without a complete collapse into the aesthetics of form or the politics of the formulator. The task of the philosophy of history is to work out the reconciliation of the performative with the constative in historical writing and in historical appraisal.
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Fortes, Fabio. "Between Poets and Philologists." Nuntius Antiquus 16, no. 1 (August 5, 2020): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/1983-3636..20985.
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Well known in the grammatical tradition as the formulator of the first treatise about the construction or syntax of the Greek language, Apollonius Dyscolus (2nd c. AD) devotes his Περὶ συντάχεως to a thorough examination of the Greek language, focusing mainly on its logical organization. However, the extensive reading of Apollonius’ work under this key has contributed to the overshadowing of the ‘philological’ dimension of this treatise perceived in the numerous analyses of constructions derived from poetic use, as well as in the quotations and allusions to poets and philologists within his work. Considering that the justification by Apollonius in his prologue was the “understanding of the writers and poets”, we ask ourselves: what role do poets and prose writers play in this study? We intend to show that Apollonius, despite never abandoning entirely the logic framework of his syntactic theory, puts in evidence a close reading of the Alexandrian philological tradition, both in the examples, quotations and allusions of poets and philologists, and in the procedure of analysis of Homer passages.
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Li, Shaofeng, and Mengxia Fu. "Strategic and unpressured within-task planning and their associations with working memory." Language Teaching Research 22, no. 2 (December 25, 2016): 230–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362168816684367.
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This study investigated the comparative effects of strategic and unpressured within-task planning on second language (L2) Chinese oral production and the role of working memory in mediating the effects of the two types of planning. Twenty-nine L2 Chinese learners at a large New Zealand university performed a narrative task after watching a 6-minute silent movie, followed by an operation span test gauging the learners’ working memory capacity. The results revealed that (1) strategic planning enhanced fluency and unpressured within-task planning led to greater accuracy and syntactic complexity, (2) strategic planning facilitated the production of a syntactically transparent structure, while unpressured within-task planning showed an advantage for opaque, complex structures, and (3) working memory was drawn upon in unpressured within-task planning, but barely so in strategic planning. The data show that strategic planning benefits the Conceptualizer while unpressured within-task planning favors the Formulator. The data also suggest that the role of cognitive abilities in task performance is contingent upon the processing demands of different task conditions.
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Chanda, Sumanto, and Partha Guha. "Geometrical formulation of relativistic mechanics." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, no. 04 (March 13, 2018): 1850062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818500627.
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The relativistic Lagrangian in presence of potentials was formulated directly from the metric, with the classical Lagrangian shown embedded within it. Using it we formulated covariant equations of motion, a deformed Euler–Lagrange equation, and relativistic Hamiltonian mechanics. We also formulate a modified local Lorentz transformation, such that the metric at a point is invariant only under the transformation defined at that point, and derive the formulae for time-dilation, length contraction, and gravitational redshift. Then we compare our formulation under non-relativistic approximations to the conventional ad hoc formulation, and we briefly analyze the relativistic Liénard oscillator and the spacetime it implies.
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Chandran, M., R. Priyanka, D. Kavipriya, S. Ramya, R. Jayakumararaj, T. Loganathan, G. Pandiarajan, et al. "Reformulation and Scientific Evaluation of CUSOCO: A Traditional Toothpaste Formula from Classical Tamil Literature towards treatment of Halitosis." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 5 (September 15, 2022): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i5.5604.
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In order to achieve the multi-claim products required for dental-health-care and hygiene, it is indispensable for the formulator to use a wide range of ingredients however, with the advent of technology the chemically synthesised products are not of demand in the market as they have side effects and are considered to unsafe for human use. This places quite a number of demands on the use of PBNPs in the development process. Use of PBNPs innovations in the areas of pharmaceutical technology have contributed significantly to the formulation of dental-health-care products with superior efficacy as well as other attributes that may contribute to clinical response and patient acceptability. Improved clinical efficacy and tolerability, along with conditioning signals, should encourage patient compliance with oral hygiene. Cuminum cyminum seeds are being habitually used in traditional cuisines of different cultures. In India, it is used in both whole and ground form as a traditional ingredient to make dishes without perceptive medicinal knowledge/ properties behind. In Kerala, decoction of cumin seeds is used for drinking (Jeera water). In Tamilnadu, cumin seeds are the key ingredient of Rasam. Fruit of Solanum lycopersicum is one of the important savoury vegetable used in traditional Indian cuisines. The oil of Cocos nucifera fruits are used in cooking in Kerala and TamilNadu. In the present study, composition (paste) prepared by mixing of 2 drops of S. lycopersicum fruit juice, 2 drops of C. nucifera and 1g of C. cyminum seed powder were tested on 100 subjects with felt bad breath. Results of the present study was found to be effective in controlling bad breath (odour) in 74 subjects after the treatment (period of clinical trial) except 09 of 83 subjects who were diabetic.
Keywords: Oral hygiene; bad breath; halitosis; Cuminum cyminum; Solanum lycopersicum; Cocos nucifera; CUSOCO; dental-health-care
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Bonura, Christopher. "Eusebius of Caesarea, the Roman Empire, and the Fulfillment of Biblical Prophecy: Reassessing Byzantine Imperial Eschatology in the Age of Constantine." Church History 90, no. 3 (September 2021): 509–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640721002158.
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AbstractModern scholarship often attributes to Eusebius of Caesarea (d. circa 340 AD) the view that God's heavenly kingdom had become manifest in the Roman Empire of Constantine the Great. Consequently, Eusebius is deemed significant in the development of Christian eschatological thought as the supposed formulator of a new “realized eschatology” for the Christian Roman Empire. Similarly, he is considered the originator of so-called “Byzantine imperial eschatology”—that is, eschatology designed to justify the existing imperial order under the emperors in Constantinople. Scholars advancing these claims most frequently cite a line from Eusebius's Tricennial Oration in which he identified the accession of the sons of Constantine with the prophesied kingdom of the saints in the Book of Daniel. Further supposed evidence has been adduced in his other writings, especially his Life of Constantine. This article argues that this common interpretation of Eusebius's eschatology is mistaken and has resulted from treating a few passages in isolation while overlooking their rhetorical context. It demonstrates instead that Eusebius adhered to a conventional Christian eschatology centered on the future kingdom of heaven that would accompany the second coming of Christ and further suggests that the concept of “Byzantine imperial eschatology” should be reconsidered.
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Fleischer, Cornell H. "A Mediterranean Apocalypse: Prophecies of Empire in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 61, no. 1-2 (March 14, 2018): 18–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341443.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article traces the intertwining of contemporaneous Muslim and Christian millenarian beliefs and excitation from the early fifteenth to late sixteenth centuries, specifically as crystalized by the rise of the Ottoman power, the Muslim conquest of “Rome” (Constantinople) in 1453, and the sixteenth century Ottoman-Habsburg rivalry for recognition as legitimate claimants to the world empire of the last age of history. The most influential formulator of the Ottoman eschatological identity was the mystic and lettrist ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Bisṭāmī, whose works underlie the fully articulated royal messianism of Sultan Süleymān (r. 1520-1566). At Süleymān’s court the French orientalist and apocalyptic enthusiast Guillaume Postel, a proponent of French Valois universal end-time monarchy, saw al-Bisṭāmī’s work brandished in 1535. Following the trajectory of the production, consumption, and deployment of these texts in the context of revolutionary changes across the Mediterranean—not least of all in understandings of religions and their relationship to historical empire—makes clear the centrality of apocalyptic to contemporary understandings of history and the significance (and legitimacy) of the new imperial formations, and to new understandings of the interrelationship between cognate, if sometimes hostile, monotheisms.