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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Formwork'
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1
Orr, John. "Flexible formwork for concrete structures." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566135.
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Concrete, our most widely used construction material, is a fluid that offers the opportunity to economically create structures of almost any geometry. Yet this unique fluidity is seldom capitalised on, with concrete instead being cast into rigid prismatic moulds to create high material use structures with large carbon footprints. Our rate of concrete consumption means that cement manufacture alone is estimated to account for some 5% of global Carbon Dioxide emissions. This dissertation shows that by replacing conventional orthogonal moulds with a flexible system comprised primarily of high strength, low cost fabric sheets, the fluidity of concrete can be utilised to create structurally optimised concrete structures. Flexible formwork therefore has the potential to facilitate the change in design and construction philosophy that will be required for a move towards a less material intensive, more sustainable, construction industry. Optimisation and design processes developed in this thesis show that material savings of up to 40% are possible in flexibly formed concrete beams. Full scale structural testing of these processes is undertaken to verify the flexural and shear behaviours of non-prismatic elements. This is supported by further experimental and theoretical investigations into the durability of concrete cast in a permeable, flexible mould. Detailed analysis is provided alongside practical guidance for designers. Coupled with innovation in design and analysis techniques, flexible formwork is shown to provide a globally accessible method for the construction of low carbon, materially efficient and architecturally interesting concrete structures. Recognising the impact construction has on the environment, design philosophies centred around the need to put material where it is required are becoming increasingly desirable. This can now be achieved by replacing rigid formworks with systems comprised of flexible sheets of fabric. This is a step change in the way we think about our new concrete structures.
2
Suzumori, Shuji. "Formwork as a design tool." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34428.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.Page 135 blank.
Includes bibliographical references.
An integral counterpart to the free form potential of concrete is the formwork which gives it its solid shape and texture. Naturally, the formwork takes up a bulk of the cost and labor time in reinforced concrete construction. However, despite its importance., formwork currently receives little attention from architects and is rather innovated by contractors. Therefore, in hope to align architecture and engineering through an interlacing of knowledge that have developed on each side of the concrete divide, this thesis reexamines formwork as an instrumental tool of formative process and investigates new potentials for concrete structures, reconsidering the material, fabrication, and construction methods of formwork and ultimately introducing digital technologies that might inform these aspects from design to construction.
by Shuji Suzumori.
M.Arch.
3
Tah, Joseph H. M. "Integrated microcomputer applications in formwork design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12427.
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Despite the arguments in favour of the application of computers in temporary works design, as highlighted in previous research, there was a lack of suitable software at the start of this research. The main objective of this research has been to design and develop software for a major temporary works item. Formwork design was selected from several classes as it provided a larger problem domain. Achieving the main objective necessitated the establishment of a strategy for implementing software in temporary works design using a systems engineering approach. After studying the state-of-the-art of computer application in engineering, construction, and temporary works design, an integrated program network strategy was established for implementing software in temporary works design. This involved the coupling of microcomputer-based packaged Computer-Aided Drafting and Database Management Systems with temporary works design applications. The coupling was achieved through the combination of a database/executive approach. This strategy was then used to design, develop, and validate a computer-aided design system for formwork. To establish the formwork design process, contemporary formwork design methods were studied by reviewing literature and holding informal discussions with eight practicing formwork designers. This study, coupled with an analysis of the formwork designer's. tasks, enabled a functional specification to be produced for a computer-aided design system for formwork. This was used to establish six individual modules that make up the system as follows: a formwork database management module; a concrete pressure modelling module; a rational formwork design module; a detailed form work design module; a drafting module; and a schedule of quantities and cost quotation module. A windowing and menu based human-computer interface was designed and developed for the applications to be developed. The system was produced by designing, developing and testing individual modules, which were finally integrated to form a comprehensive Formwork Integrated Computer-Aided Design System (FICADS). The functions integrated include the analysis/design, drafting, scheduling of quantities, and cost estimating of formwork. The system was tested and assessed by means of several case studies and demonstrations to expert form work designers which proved favourable. The main achievement has been the development of a computer-aided design system for formwork that was acceptable to formwork designers. In the development of the system, a conceptual framework within which temporary works design systems can be developed with great flexibility, confidence and a minimum of programming effort has been established.
4
Ferguson, Steve, University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Engineering. "Limit states design of steel formwork shores." THESIS_CHS_ENG_Ferguson_S.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/565.
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Approximately half of all framework collapses occur during concrete placement. Researchers who have measured the actual loads in formwork shores consistently found that they differ from those predicted. There is some evidence that current methods tend towards underestimation. In Australia the current practice for designing steel formwork shores is set out in Australian Standard AS 3610-1990 Formwork for Concrete. It was the first national standard to be published in limit states format and departed from previous practice introducing new methods for the design of formwork shores. Prompted by doubt cast on current practice and the absence of hard basis for the methods set out in AS 3610, the aim of the research is to develop new more reliable rules for the design of steel formwork shores. This is achieved using first-order probabilistic techniques to compare the reliability of new and reused shores designed in accordance with AS 3610 with current international permissible stress and limit states methods form British, American, Israeli and draft European formwork StandardsMaster of Engineering (Hons)
5
Alamin, Basher. "Analysis of construction loads on concrete formwork." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/MQ43645.pdf.
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Ferguson, Stephen Angus. "Limit states design of steel formwork shores /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060504.153139/index.html.
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Thesis (M. Eng.) (Hons) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003."A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering (Hons.) [at] University of Western Sydney, 2003." Bibliography : leaves 105 - 111, and appendices.
7
Nago, Belden 1973. "Optimizing the performance and cost of formwork." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47452.
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David, Michael (Michael Steven). "A study of the dynamics of shotcrete formwork." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60764.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 41).
This study models and analyzes the dynamic behavior of shotcrete formwork during standard application procedure. Based on standard shotcrete application, a program was developed to simulate shotcrete application and the dynamic behavior of shotcrete formwork. This study shows that the random behavior standard shotcrete application have minimal impact on the maximum values of displacement and acceleration of a shotcrete formwork system, which justifies the significance of the simulations based on the precision of the results obtained. Standard design parameters were varied in order to determine their impact on the behavior of a formwork system, and determine which parameters had the greatest ability to control the displacement and acceleration of formwork during shotcrete application.
by Michael David.
M.Eng.
9
Ikäheimonen, Jukka. "Construction loads on shores and stability of horizontal formwork /." Stockholm, 1997. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/ikah0206.pdf.
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Clear, C. A. "The pressure of concrete on formwork in narrow sections." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373959.
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Sprague, Chelsea Lynn. "Building envelope membrane as flexible formwork for concrete panels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90031.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 126-127).
This thesis investigates the use of a building envelope membrane as fabric-like formwork for exterior cladding systems in buildings. The exterior wall system (i.e., fagade) has evolved to meet the demands of the built environment including protecting occupants and interior space from the environment and, at times, create the building form and provide support for the roofs, floors and ceilings. To accommodate the demanding needs of the industry, integrated exterior wall systems have emerged. This type of panel uses traditional building materials in innovative applications. However, existing products continue to encounter some similar issues associated with traditional building methods. This research aims to propose a concept for an integrated exterior wall system that uses traditional building material in a unique application. Overall, the system will function as the building envelope as well as a load transferring mechanism. The main objective is to study the feasibility and limitations of the design through two experiments. The first experiment assesses the effect of a flexible formwork on the 28-day compressive strength of concrete formed with an array of different types of membranes. The second experiment determines the possibility of implementing an air/water barrier in a physical form-finding application. The desired outcome of the work is to evaluate the practicality of the proposed design and further understand the implications and limitations associated with the system. As a result of the experiments, the application of air/water barriers as tension-like fabrics was found to be applicable. In addition, it was concluded that permeable membrane formwork has a greater impact on the surface properties than the bulk concrete; however, overall the permeable membrane formwork produced a higher strength concrete.
by Chelsea Lynn Sprague.
M. Eng.
12
Halaf, Evan. "FORMSÄTTNING AV HÖGA PLATSGJUTNA BETONGKOSTRUKTIONER : Undersökning av diverse klättersystem samt alternativa lösningar för silo-projektet Gråbergsutfrakt i Kiruna." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-49300.
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Today construction industry is building higher and more complicated constructions than ever thanks to the advancements in materials, technical knowledge and methodologies. One important material is concrete, which has been used to create impressive architectural marvels. This dissertation aims to examine the differences between climbing and slip formwork systems for tall concrete structures that require several pouring steps in height. The main differences noted between both systems are formwork configuration, assembly and cycling of the formwork and climbing elements, price and quantity of material, labor required, the quality of the finished structure and safety during construction. A case study was investigated with the help of formwork supplier PERI Sverige AB and nordic contractor PEAB AB regarding a 20,5 meter high reinforced concrete silo located in a mining complex in Kiruna, Sweden. Through a review of the existing literature in the subject, interviews with experts in the topic and the outcome from the project case study, the results shows that while the SCS climbing system from PERI Sverige AB required more working days compared to a slip formwork system, it was chosen as a more appropriate solution for this project in combination with the crane at the jobsite, due to the amount of labor required, safety and overall cost of it. In conclusion, the selection of the SCS climbing system as formwork system proved to be the most adequate solution for the case study when critical aspects such as assembly and cycling of formwork, price and safety were evaluated.
13
Keskin, Zeynep. "Digital representation and constructability of minimal surfaces in concrete." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53942.
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This thesis investigates minimal surfaces in design and researches their potential for constructability in concrete through the creation of physical prototypes with the design of two mold making processes, one being sacrificial and the other reusable. The study starts by acknowledging that minimal surfaces have been extensively explored in the field of differential geometry for decades. In spite of the availability of geometric definitions which provide the basic background for digital model generation (which in this text is assumed to be equal to design itself), minimal surfaces inspired very few people in their architectural design. This study attempts to look into the wider implications of minimal surfaces for architecture by taking up the challenge of designing and realizing various processes of mold making for the fabrication of such surfaces in concrete. Throughout this study, a gradient of complexity in the definition and digital modeling of minimal surfaces will be included as well as a variety of production methods in a research and fabrication based process, in order to investigate the correlation between what can be designed and what can be produced.
I shall begin with a historical survey of the constructability of surfaces in thin shell concrete to provide background information for the reader. This chapter on the evolution of concrete structures presents a compilation of selected projects to illustrate the progress of thin shell construction throughout the history of architecture. It is here that I review what happened, why, and who made it possible. I draw heavily on published scholarly studies as most of the selected projects are cornerstones of the evolution of architecture and have been discussed by many others.
Here, I simply attempt to remind the reader of the achievements of these projects in order to justify why investigation of the constructability of minimal surfaces may be the next step in the evolutionary process.
After this section, the mathematics of surfaces in the complex plane is discussed based on information retrieved from many excellent resources. Here, the intention is to acquire information related to descriptions of various minimal surface types in differential geometry in order to be able to generate their representations in the digital environment. It would have been impossible to generate digital representations of minimal surfaces without the knowledge acquired through these descriptions.
The last section provides a comparison of ruled surfaces and minimal surfaces meant to reveal the similarities and differences of such surfaces with regard to the principles of digital representation and fabrication. It provides insight into various fabrication techniques and materials to illuminate the design of a making process in which the goal is to know and control every parameter regarding both the design and fabrication of an object. The discussion of the design of a making process for a complexly shaped object provided in this part is followed by discussion of casting prototypes in concrete. In that section, the subject matter is the design and testing of various mold making techniques for the production of concrete prototypes of a selected minimal surface geometry. This section presents an increasing complexity of mold making from a sacrificial mold to a reusable mold.
14
Amiri, Helia. "Building information modeling for construction applications : formwork installation and quantity takeoff." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43194.
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Recent advancements in Building Information Modeling (BIM) hold great promise for addressing the challenges of the construction industry by allowing project teams to ‘test out’ a design prior to construction. The projects that have successfully implemented BIM demonstrate numerous benefits, including increased design quality, improved field productivity, cost predictability, less rework, and reduced construction cost and duration. However, much of the research to date has focused more on the preconstruction phase with less research on uses for the construction phase, The goal of this research was to evaluate specific uses of BIM in the construction phase of the project. I investigated two construction applications of BIM: (1) BIM for developing lift drawings to support formwork construction on the BC Hydro Substation project, and (2) BIM for quantity takeoff to support life-cycle assessment (LCA) and construction cost estimating on the Pharmaceutical Sciences project. The BC Hydro project provided an opportunity to examine the use of BIM for the field crew. I developed 3D coordinated lift drawings that conveyed the necessary information for forming the components accurately and clearly. I believe that creating the lift drawings increased the crew’s productivity by providing the necessary information for building a component, resolving conflicts prior to construction, and reducing mistakes.
I evaluated the use of BIM for quantity takeoff using the Pharmaceutical Sciences project. I evaluated two BIM-based and one 2D-based quantity takeoff software, and based on several parameters of importance to cost and sustainability consultants. I found that calculating quantities from a BIM model is faster and more accurate as long as the model is created correctly and accurately to suit the needs of the users.
This thesis provides evidence for the benefits of BIM for construction uses at different stages in the project. The BC Hydro case study provides significant detail on how a BIM can be utilized by construction field personnel. The Pharmaceutical Sciences project demonstrates the benefits and challenges of utilizing a BIM for quantity takeoff. More case studies are needed to demonstrate the benefits of BIM for different applications in the project delivery process to enable more widespread BIM adoption.
15
Fridh, Sara, and Henrik Johansson. "Permanent plastic formwork - An early study of a new production method." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-101983.
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Det här examensarbetet är ett avslutande arbete på utbildningen Högskoleingenjör Byggnadsteknik på Linköpings universitet. Examensarbetet genomfördes i samarbete med Skanska Hus i Linköping där en studie kring en ny typ av formsättningsmetod med kvarsittande form för grunddetaljer utfördes. Metoden innebar att arbetsmoment inkluderande nedtagning och rengöring som normalt ingår vid traditionell formsättning eliminerades. Företaget efterfrågade en undersökning av den nya metoden för att se om den är att föredra i kommande projekt. Rapporten inriktades på studier kring tidsvinst, ekonomisk påverkan och arbetsmiljöpåverkan. Den teoretiska referensramen behandlar förutsättningar och begrepp som ingår vid skapandet av en produktionskalkyl och hur en alternativkalkyl för val av produktionsmetod utförs. Hur exponering av damm, tunga lyft, buller, vibrationer och andra vanligt förkommande förhållanden på en byggarbetsplats påverkar yrkesarbetaren tas upp och hur de kan förebyggas genom rätt val av material och produktionsmetod. I den här studien valdes en traditionell form av plywood och virke som den metod som den nya formsättningsmetoden jämförs emot. Kalkyler upprättades för de båda metoderna och intervjuer genomfördes med inblandade parter för att bedöma hur arbetsmiljön påverkades av den nya kvarsittande plastformen. Resultatet av studien visade att den nya formsättningsmetoden innebar tidsvinster, var ekonomiskt lönsam och bidrog till förbättrad arbetsmiljö på byggarbetsplatsen.
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Kajewski, Stephen L. "Post-tensioning and its effect on multi-level formwork load distribution." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36033/8/36033_Digitised_Thesis.pdf.
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Multi-level concrete buildings requrre substantial temporary formwork
structures to support the slabs during construction. The primary function of
this formwork is to safely disperse the applied loads so that the slab being
constructed, or the portion of the permanent structure already constructed, is
not overloaded. Multi-level formwork is a procedure in which a limited
number of formwork and shoring sets are cycled up the building as
construction progresses. In this process, each new slab is supported by a
number of lower level slabs. The new slab load is, essentially, distributed to
these supporting slabs in direct proportion to their relative stiffness.
When a slab is post-tensioned using draped tendons, slab lift occurs as a
portion of the slab self-weight is balanced. The formwork and shores
supporting that slab are unloaded by an amount equivalent to the load
balanced by the post-tensioning. This produces a load distribution inherently
different from that of a conventionally reinforced slab.
Through , theoretical modelling and extensive on-site shore load
measurement, this research examines the effects of post-tensioning on multilevel
formwork load distribution. The research demonstrates that the load
distribution process for post-tensioned slabs allows for improvements to
current construction practice. These enhancements include a shortening of
the construction period; an improvement in the safety of multi-level
form work operations; and a reduction in the quantity of form work materials
required for a project.
These enhancements are achieved through the general improvement in
safety offered by post-tensioning during the various formwork operations.
The research demonstrates that there is generally a significant improvement
in the factors of safety over those for conventionally reinforced slabs. This
improvement in the factor of safety occurs at all stages of the multi-level
formwork operation. The general improvement in the factors of safety with
post-tensioned slabs allows for a shortening of the slab construction cycle
time. Further, the low level of load redistribution that occurs during the
stripping operations makes post-tensioned slabs ideally suited to reshoring
procedures. Provided the overall number of interconnected levels remains
unaltered, it is possible to increase the number of reshored levels while
reducing the number of undisturbed shoring levels without altering the
factors of safety, thereby, reducing the overall quantity of formwork and
shoring materials.
17
Wibowo, Antonius. "Comparative effectiveness of CPF in providing chemical and physical durability to concrete." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288507.
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Meric, Asli Duru. "Another Concrete In the Wall." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53958.
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concrete has a memory. It stores the construction sequences. It shows what it is made of and how it is made. The texture of the formwork, the color difference of the pours, and the shadows of the metal ties combine to layer the beauty of concrete. The aim of this study is to explore the instruments of a concrete surface in order to enhance this multi-sensory experience. This study began with the design of a concrete wall and evolved into the design of a single-family home.Master of Architecture
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Selva, Lorenzo. "RELEASING COMPLEX TECTONICS . Robotic-fabricated adaptive formwork for non-standard architectural objects." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13961/.
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Candidato: Lorenzo Selva
Titolo Tesi: “Releasing Complex Tectonics: robotic-fabricated adaptive wireframe formwork for non-standard architectural objects"
La ricerca in questione si focalizza sullo studio di oggetti architettonici con geometria non-standard ed il parallelo sviluppo di un processo di fabbricazione digitale, in grado di snellirne e facilitarne la produzione. Lo stesso, come si può immaginare, sarà utilizzabile anche per oggetti con geometrie di minore complessità, uniformando in questo modo la logica costruttiva. Nello specifico, l’obiettivo è di esplorare le implicazioni architettoniche e le potenzialità formali che si generano dal rapporto tool - materiale. I processi oggi utilizzati, infatti, mostrano alcuni aspetti controversi che ne limitano efficienza ed applicabilità. Su tutti, operazioni di casseratura ed armatura altamente time e material-consuming ed il fatto che gli oggetti, sostanzialmente, vengono costruiti due volte: la prima durante fabbricazione e posa del cassero; la seconda durante il getto e la presa del materiale di filling. La conseguenza è una concreta anti-economicità su più fronti, che conduce talvolta alla ripetizione e alla semplificazione progettuale delle forme. Un approccio alternativo passa inevitabilmente dal superamento di questa logica, indagando la possibilità di fondere queste due operazioni. Releasing Complex Tectonics nasce appunto con l’idea di estrudere roboticamente mesh tridimensionali, denominate leaking fomworks, con integrata la duplice funzione di cassero e rinforzo. Un processo additivo che minimizza lo spreco di materiale, governato digitalmente e con elevato controllo spaziale e geometrico dell’oggetto prodotto, applicabile indistintamente in-situ e in laboratorio, in grado di svincolare la morfologia del prodotto finale dal tempo e dalla complessità delle operazioni necessarie alla sua realizzazione.
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Cao, Qian. "Development of pseudo-ductile permanent formwork with glass fiber reinforced plastics reinforcements /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20CAO.
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Hall, Joanne Elizabeth. "Combined pultrude fibre reinforced plastic reinforcement and permanent formwork for concrete members." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365306.
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Mansuri, Dolly N. "Optimization of Formwork Management Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Cascading Tool." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470743739.
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Kim, Jinlee. "Evaluation of construction formwork practices and safety on projects in South Korea." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001157.
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Ozbakkaloglu, Togay. "Seismic performance of high-strength concrete columns in FRP stay-in-place formwork." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29245.
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The use of high-strength concrete (HSC), with strengths reaching 130 MPa, has increased in recent years due to its superior performance and strength. Structures are designed and built utilizing HSC, especially in columns of multi-story buildings. However, the use of high-strength concrete (HSC) in seismically active regions poses a major concern because of the brittle nature of the material. The confinement requirements for HSC columns may be prohibitively stringent since they require proportionately greater confinement than columns of normal-strength concrete. An alternative to conventional confinement reinforcement is the use of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) casings, in the form of a stay-in-place formwork. The use of stay-in-place FRP formwork as concrete confinement reinforcement for HSC columns was investigated. Large scale HSC building columns, encased in FRP casings, were tested under simulated seismic loading. The columns had 270 mm square and circular cross-sections and concrete strengths up to 90 MPa. The casings were manufactured from carbon FRP and epoxy resin. The unique aspects of the test program were the introduction of the corner radius as a test parameter, and the presence of internally placed FRP crossties in square columns, integrally built with column casings to improve the effectiveness of concrete confinement. Results indicate that the deformation capacity of HSC columns can be improved significantly by using FRP casings. The results further indicate that the confinement effectiveness of square columns is significantly affected by the corner radius of casings. Additionally, the confinement efficiency can be improved with the use of FRP crossties. The columns developed inelastic drift capacities of up to 12%, demonstrating the usefulness of FRP stay-in-place formwork in improving deformability of HSC columns.
Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite casings offer an attractive alternative to conventional reinforcement to enhance strength and deformability of concrete columns. FRP casings can be designed to increase lateral deformability of earthquake resistant columns significantly, while also providing some enhancement of load-carrying capacity. There is a clear need for a design procedure to compute lateral drift capacities of FRP encased square and circular columns. A design approach was developed that incorporates experimentally observed confinement parameters, while also incorporating axial load and lateral drift as design variables. The approach had evolved from a displacement based design procedure developed for concrete columns confined with conventional steel reinforcement. The expression derived as part of the proposed design procedure had been verified against available experimental data. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Gai, Xian. "Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) stay-in-place (SIP) participating formwork for new construction." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550617.
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The concept of stay-in-place (SIP) structural formwork has the potential to simplify and accelerate the construction process to a great extent. Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) SIP structural formwork offers further potential benefits over existing formwork systems in terms of ease and speed of construction, improved site safety and reduced long-term maintenance in corrosive environments. However, it is not without its limitations, including primarily the possibility of a lack of ductility, which is a key concern regarding the use of FRP structural formwork in practice. This thesis presents the findings of an experimental and analytical investigation into a novel FRP SIP structural formwork system for a concrete slab with a particular emphasis on its ability to achieve a ductile behaviour. The proposed composite system consists of a moulded glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) grating adhesively bonded to square pultruded GFRP box sections. The grating is subsequently filled with concrete to form a concrete-FRP composite floor slab. Holes cut into the top flange of the box sections allow concrete studs to form at the grating/box-section interface. During casting, GFRP dowels are inserted into the holes to further mechanically connect the grating and box sections. An initial experimental investigation into using GFRP grating as confinement for concrete showed that a significant increase in ultimate strength and strain capacity could be achieved compared to unconfined concrete. This enhanced strain capacity in compression allows greater use of the FRP capacity in tension when used in a floor slab system. Further experimental investigation into developing ductility at the grating/box-section interface showed that the proposed shear connection exhibited elastic-‘plastic’ behaviour. This indicated the feasibility of achieving ductility through progressive and controlled longitudinal shear failure. Following these component tests on the concrete-filled grating and the shear connectors, a total of six (300 x 150 x 3000) mm slab specimens were designed and tested under five-point bending. It was found that the behaviour of all specimens was ductile in nature, demonstrating that the proposed progressive longitudinal shear failure was effective. A three-stage analytical model was developed to predict the load at which the onset of longitudinal shear failure occurred, the stiffness achieved during the post elastic behaviour and, finally, the deflection at which ultimate failure occurred. Close agreement was found between experimental results and the theory.
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Tang, Gabriel Jin-Peng. "Re-surface : the novel use of deployable and actively-bent gridshells as reusable, reconfigurable and intuitive concrete shell formwork." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31282.
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Following a well-documented rise in the popularity of concrete shell application in the 20th century, thin concrete shells have experienced a global decline despite their potential as efficient structures with an economy of material use with aesthetics benefits. This phenomenon is subject to geographically determined socio-economic conditions and competition from other building solutions as a result of technological advancement in alternative construction systems. Importantly, their decline was attributed to limitations inherent to concrete shell formwork and construction methods. Being able to produce efficient shaping did not ensure that this method of construction is most cost efficient as it still remains difficult to construct double curved surfaces. The thesis addresses the limitations associated with past and present concrete shell building by proposing the use of actively-bent gridshells as re-configurable and reusable formwork for concrete shells to be designed and built. The hypothesis uses deployable scissor-jointed actively-bent gridshells as re-configurable and reusable formwork for concrete shell construction. This was developed from a series of Flash research (Benjamin, 2012) as student construction workshops to investigate the design and creation of actively-bent gridshells held between December 2008 and March 2011 in Sheffield. In this study, to understand this new system, scaled models of actively-bent gridshells were used as preliminary design aid. Deployed into three dimensional forms from a flexible flat grid mat, the structures were rigidized by bracing through triangulation restraints. The temporary rigid structure was subsequently enveloped with fabric onto which concrete was applied to create the concrete shell, thus acting as formwork. This formwork was then removed following the curing of the concrete cast to be reused repeatedly, or reconfigured into another concrete shell form. Hence, the thesis draws on the concepts, principles and ideas pertaining to three key architectural technologies: 1. concrete shell, 2. actively-bent gridshells and 3.fabric formwork. The thesis then presents a series of four prototype concrete shells constructed from different materials spanning between 1.3 meters and 2.45 meters in the workshops at the University of Edinburgh built between August 2014 and September 2015. For each experimental construction, the process of gridshell construction, fabric formwork preparation, concrete casting, gridshell formwork decentring and different design elements of openings, edges and anchorage abutments were analysed and discussed under the themes of construction, architectural tectonics and structure. The tectonic of process and material is understood and discussed based on the idea of stereogeneity (Manelius, 2012). Specifically, the relationship between gridshell as formwork and the concreting process was studied, analysed and assimilated in concrete shells built with progressive sophistication and elegance, culminating in a doubly-curved concrete shell that demonstrated both synclastic and anticlastic geometries, with further abutment simplification, edge leaning and physical openings incorporation. The study concludes with a physical concrete shell model formed by applying concrete onto fabric formwork to cover the Weald and Downland Jerwood gridshell. In the 1:20 scaled model, the proposed method is speculatively applied onto fabric stretched between pre-determined curvatures of the as-built gridshell. This formwork was subsequently removed for reuse, re-deployed and reconfigured. Using finite element analysis, the structural behaviour of the gridshell made of glass-fibre reinforced tubes and structural characteristics of the resultant concrete shell was checked. The interaction between the three technologies are discussed architectonically and structurally to inform guidelines for potential life-scale application. The thesis evidences the feasibility of the proposed system. It re-purposes a scaled model of a deployable gridshell as a physical modelling tool to facilitate concrete shell design, for both pure compression shells and "improper" shells, demonstrating its adaptability. It also promotes and reinvigorates concrete shells as possible architectural systems serving to instigate future research to revive concrete shell construction as an intelligent and intuitive way of creating structures with material economy, structural efficiency and visual elegance.
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Janás, Patrik. "Pokročilé technologie ve stavebnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392079.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of the diploma thesis Advanced technology in construction industry is to create analysis of possibilities in the area of advanced technologies in the construction industry. Theoretical part is focused mainly on modern system formwork from composite material, on the technology of additive production and technology virtualization. In the practical part there is formwork for the family house designed. The design is made for innovative composite formwork and also for the formwork usually used in construction industry. The thesis is focused on analysis of different costs and effectiveness of used formwork.
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Kostova, Kaloyana Zdravkova. "Design and constructability of fabric-formed concrete elements reinforced with FRP materials." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707574.
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Concrete has many advantages as a low cost and sustainable material. However, more than 5% of the planet’s total carbon emissions are associated with the production of cement, which, in fact, is predominantly due to the large volume of concrete used worldwide. It is known that traditionally designed concrete structures typically use more material than structurally required and, therefore, an important question is whether material demand can be reduced through structural optimisation. A major drawback from optimised design, however, is the cost and complexity of producing conventional rigid moulds. Fabric formwork is emerging as a new method for construction, gaining popularity among architects and engineers for the opportunity to build unique forms and to shape concrete elements efficiently. Porous fabrics, acting as controlled permeability formwork, also have proven effect on the durability characteristics of concrete. While fabric formwork has a profound potential to change the appearance of concrete structures, the shapes cast in fabrics are not defined in advance and have been often created unintentionally. The design of load-bearing reinforced concrete structures, however, requires accurate form-prediction and construction methods for securing steel reinforcement inside flexible fabrics, which presents a number of constructability challenges. For example, cover formers cannot be used to ensure adequate thickness of protective cover, inevitably affecting the acceptance of such structures in practice. This research has demonstrated that non-corrodable FRP reinforcement can be incorporated more easily than steel bars in fabric-formed concrete due to its light weight and flexibility, while it is possible to ensure ductility of such structures through confinement of concrete using FRP helices. A novel splayed anchorage system has been developed to provide end anchorage for optimised sections where standard bends or hooks cannot fit. This work also provides an experimentally verified methodology and guidance for the design and optimisation of fabric-formed elements.
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Honickman, Hart Noah. "Pultruded GFRP sections as stay-in-place structural open formwork for concrete slabs and girders." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1312.
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Drucker, Allison Lynch. "A Shapely Resistance: A Study in Construction for a Kindergarten." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34988.
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This thesis deals with the relationship between form and strength in architecture. The proposed building is a Kindergarten which unites issues of shape, physics, and habitat. The roof is vaulted and the walls are curved for lateral resistance and in order to make folds scaled to a child. These physical moves work towards the theme of the Kindergarten: a place for the transition between home and school.Master of Architecture
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Huthman, Ibrahim O. "3D Printing for Prestressed Concrete." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1483544593929285.
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Chang, Hsiao-Chuan, and 張小娟. "Formwork Job Redesign." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95470643073215817619.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
88
The labor shortage in the construction has been a common problem around the world due to the ageing of the available technical workers and the decrease of the new laborers. The expense of formwork takes one-third in total reinforced concrete construction costs. Moreover, the combination of formwork is belonging to labor concentration work items. According to the situation of the development of the current system formwork in Taiwan, there is still cannot replace the traditional ones. Therefore, this study mainly concentrates on the production mode of traditional formwork. It can reach the construction objective of standardizing and reasoning by utilizing the theories and methods of the job design and job redesign, aiming at the activity characteristics of construction sites, and taking advantage of operation research methods to get rid of and simplify the action of non-added value in the process of laborers'' action. A case study was proposed to submit executive strategies of the job redesigns and the means of productivity management is used to integrate research proves the feasibility and efficiency of using the job redesign in the formwork. The study can be a referral for the managers of construction sites to enhance production efficiency and management technique. It, besides, provides efficient apply of labor substitution and non-technicians in construction industry.
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Yang, Tsung-Ming, and 楊宗泯. "Competitive Advantage in Formwork Construction." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03128124483087644960.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
89
Competitive Advantage in Formwork Construction Thesis Advisor : Ching-Yuan Lin Graduate Student : Tsung-Ming Yang ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to obtain the landslide area ratios of various watershed areas in the Taipei Water Resources District. These landslide area ratios, estimated based on the Yama Guchi I Sa Ou's landslide prediction formula, are then used to identify potential landslide-prone regions inside the conservation. Furthermore, the planning and the preventive measures for the water and soil conservation are discussed. The topographical, the geographical and the climatic data of the designated water conservation of Taipei are first collected and substituted into the Yama Guchi I Sa Ou 's landslide prediction formula for the estimation of the landslide area ratios. Potential landslide-prone regions are then identified based on the rainfall data and the results provided by American geologists Cannon and Ellen and Cei Boku Yu Ku. . Based on the current study, the following conclusions can be made: (1) The H02 Huang-Ku creek water collection area has the highest DL% value, and the second highest is the Ne-Dong creek water collection area. (2) The region nearby the Fu-Shang rainfall station has the highest possibility of landslide occurrence. (3) Global estimation indicates that the water collection areas relating to both the main stream and the side streams of the Nan-Shi creek has the highest landslide area ratio. This is consistent with the in-situ observation. (4) Based on the prediction, the in-situ condition, the rainfall probability and the damage index, it is concluded that the region enclosed by the Hsin-Dien creek, the Nan-Shi creek, the Tung-Hau creek (side stream of the Nan-Shi creek) and the region covered by the main stream and the side streams of the Nan-Shi creek are the primary anti-landslide area. Keyword：the Taipei Water Resources District、landslide
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Sung, Jui-lun, and 宋睿綸. "Procurement Strategies for Construction Formwork." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22050025236766290547.
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碩士逢甲大學
土木工程所
96
Formwork engineering plays a crucial role in construction. It not only affects construction progress and quality, but also has certain effects on the overall structural construction. Its expenditures also occupy a high percentage in the total construction fees allotted. Thus, construction companies should not underestimate cost control in formwork. In this research, resource-based theory and transaction cost serve as basis. Through questionnaire survey, the present condition and reasons for construction formwork procurement are found. Then, through literature reviews and expert interviews, the hierarchical formwork of factors affecting formwork procurement is constructed to analyze the weightings of the influential factors. After statistical analysis, the investigation findings show that when construction companies undertake construction projects, 87% of the formwork items is labor-material procurement. Only 5% is self-supervised. From analysis of the transactional cost dimension, most believe that formwork does not possess asset uniqueness and most are willing to shoulder transaction costs incurred from outsourcing. Therefore, their willingness to engage in self-supervision is low. In terms of the influential factors of formwork procurement, weighting analysis is conducted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Preference Relation. Since Fuzzy Preference Relation has the advantage of being able to simplify paired comparison frequencies and effectively solve consistency related problems, this method is adopted as the solving method. The top 5 factors and their weightings are: formwork usage frequency, (0.084), market supply and demand (0.081), construction worker efficiency (0.067), construction location (0.067) and, labor wage (0.066) They shall serve as reference for managers during decision-making in order to effective control costs. Further more, cost analysis is conducted on two sample cases. The results show that in term of cost cuts, self-supervised constructions are more cost effective than labor subcontract and labor-material subcontract Case A: 0.8% (labor subcontract), and 5% (labor-material subcontract); Case B: 4% (labor subcontract), and 5% (labor-material subcontract). Therefore it is inferred that under absolutely certain conditions, both sample cases in this research have the potential to engage in self-supervision.
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Han, Cheng-Chih, and 韓承志. "Competitive Advantage in Formwork Construction." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64680346456295185957.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
87
Porter brought up the competitive strategy in 1980. Following his theory, many related research about Industrial competition were presented. From later 1980''s, this topic in construction industry had been more and more discussed, including firm structure, management methods, and new technology. But few research which focuses on single construction work mentions cost drivers and drivers of uniqueness. This paper analyzes the cost drivers and drivers of uniqueness in formwork construction by Porter''s competitive advantage theory. Then JIT systems is applied to integrate with the two drivers to achieve reducing waste, controlling cost, and building uniqueness.
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Chou, Shinn-Liang, and 周信良. "Method Improvement for Formwork Construction." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02724020406706363567.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程技術學系
82
Cost of formwork is a major part in total cost of concrete constructions. Cost structures of three formwork systems including a conventional plywood form, a high density plywood ganged form, and a modularized steel form have been surveyed and analyzed in this research to build a generalized cost model. This cost model can be described by two major parts namely fixed costs and variable costs. Factors affecting costs per unit area of pour are elaborated. Sensitivity analyses of these factors are performed to test potential impacts for each factor. Analytical results show that the possible number of reuse is the most sensitive factor in selecting a formwork system. The peak labor requirement and equipment rentals could also be influential in specific conditions.
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Tseng, Tse-Sung, and 曾澤淞. "BIM Application for Formwork Measurement." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9ny444.
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碩士淡江大學
土木工程學系碩士班
106
More than 80% of construction in Taiwan are made of Reinforced Concrete (RC) and Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC), with approximately 30% of the cost are from the formwork system. This indicates the importance of the formwork system in Taiwan. On one hand, the manual measurement of formwork is tediously repetitive, time-consuming and error-prone. On the other hand, the new object-oriented Building Information Modelling (BIM) process is able to provide the latest quantity of the project elements, including the area of the surface and the points of the locations. However, currently there are lack of specific parameter for formwork in available BIM platforms. Previous studies show that there are lots of integration between BIM and formwork system. Some of the applications involve exporting the geometric size of the elements, and set up the formula in third-party software; while the others rely on strict modelling rules to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of their system. To avoid the complex setting of multi-party software or the strict modelling rules, this research develops a customized system of formwork measurement based on one of the popular BIM platforms, Autodesk’s Revit. The objective of the research described in this paper is to develop the Formwork Measurement application programming interface (API) plug-in to partially automate the formwork quantity measurement. The main challenge of the research is the determination of elements’ valid surface and invalid surface, which is represented by the overlapped surface between elements. This prototype application also includes two functions, one is to calculate the element formwork; another to export the spreadsheet of the element information. A typical building is used as a case study to validate the accuracy of the developed formwork system. The research shows that the proposed approach can partially automate formwork measurement, which significantly improves the current BIM process.
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Delijani, Farhoud. "The Evaluation of Changes in Concrete Properties Due to Fabric Formwork." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4165.
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Fabric as a flexible formwork for concrete is an alternative giving builders, engineers, and architects the ability to form virtually any shape. This technique produces a superb concrete surface quality which requires no further touch up or finishing. Woven polyole-fin fabrics are recommended for this application. A permeable woven fabric allows excess water from the concrete mix to bleed through the mold wall, and therefore reduce the water-cement ratio of the concrete mix. Due to the reduction in water-cement ratio, higher compressive strength in fabric formed concrete may be achieved, as also suggested by earlier research. The current research study was conducted to investigate and document the changes in concrete strength and overall quality due to use of commercially available woven polyolefin fabrics. Use of fabric formwork will contribute to decreased construction cost, construction waste, and greenhouse gas emissions. Two sets of tests were conducted as a part of this research study including comparison of compressive strength of fabric formed versus PVC formed concrete cylinders and comparison of be-haviour of the fabric formed reinforced columns versus cardboard formed reinforced concrete columns. Variables in this research were limited to two types of fabric with dif-ferent permeability (Geotex 104F and Geotex 315ST) and two types of concrete; concrete made with conventional Portland cement and no flyash herein called normal concrete (NC) and concrete with 30 percent flyash in its mix design (FAC). The laboratory results revealed that fabric Geotex 315ST is an ideal geotextile for forming concrete. It was also found that the effects of fabric formwork on concrete quality in a large member are limited mostly to the surface zone and the core of the concrete remains the same as a conventionally formed concrete. Even though fabric formed cylinder tests showed an average of 15% increase in compressive strength of the concrete samples, compressive strength of the reinforced columns did not dramatically change when com-pared to the companion cardboard formed control columns. This research confirmed that fabric formwork is structurally safe alternative for forming reinforced concrete columns.
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Peng, Ling-Mu, and 彭鈴木. "Assessment of Formwork Worker’s Working Postures." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04183911064778497153.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
96
It is often necessary for the construction workers to work by keeping unnatural postures. Their unhealthy working postures will cause their some postures have such bad results as higher pressure and fatigued. Because the formwork is a common type of building constructions and the formworker’s work efficiency and safety are often influenced by such factors as repetitive motion, bad work environment and short rest time, this research needs to assess the posture of formworkers and then provides related improvements and suggestions. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the time and frequency for the formwork being at various risk exposure levels. With the films shot on site, this research takes use of freeze-frame pictures and observations on repetitive postures and further adopts such four posture assessment tools as Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System (OWAS), Repaid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Posture, Activity, Tools and Handling (PATH) to study the postural injury in the formwork operation. This research also compares the above four tools to assess the applicability. The test shows that we can use REBA tool, which is more rapid and time-saving, to assess the formworker’s postures in short time. In addition, this research uses REBA analysis to decide the assessment of postural injuries in various operations. If the analyzed level of injuries is ranked according to their risk levels, we can find that the risk exposure levels for unhealthy postures in formworks and beam moldboard works are 88% and 76.67% respectively, which are the highest. Through the observation, we estimate the exposure time for eight-hour work hours a day is 7.2 hours for the moldboard and 6.38 hours for the beam work, which can be provided to the workers as a reference for their construction procedure, to prevent the workers from long-term exposures to hazardous working postures and having muscular pains. Therefore, during the construction of formworks and beam moldboards, we shall improve the working posture of formworkers or increase the number of workers in hopes of reducing the postural injury risk and increasing the whole construction safety and protection.
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CHEN, BO-LUN, and 陳柏綸. "Factors Affecting the Utilization of the Non-traditional Formwork in Construction Industry─ A Case Study of Plastic Formwork." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3he85e.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
營建工程系
106
Due to the rise of safety and environmental protection awareness, as well as the frequent occurrence of industrial accidents, the environmental protection has become an important issue. Thus, government advocates many environmental protection policies. The timber formwork always produces lots of unrecoverable wastes (caused by release agent smeared). At present, there are many types of plastic formworks which are characterized of high recovery rate, being good for environment, being suitable for the construction in humid environment and lower requirements for installation. The purposes of this research are briefly described as below: 1. To sort out the literature and materials related to traditional formworks and non-traditional formworks and summarize their respective advantages and disadvantages so as to provide reference for the selection and evaluation of construction plants and formwork contractors. 2. To find out the influencing factors of construction industry to use non-traditional formworks and classify them. 3. To make a detailed description of their dimensions and factors after the classification. Aimed to discuss the influencing factors of construction industry to use the non-traditional formworks, this research developed and constructed the questionnaire including 42 items by means of the literature review and expert interview, conducted the reliability and validity analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, exploratory factor analysis, etc. and finally gained the analysis results. The results showed that the 4 dimensions (quality, work efficiency, cycle and coordination, including 12 important factors) of the influencing factors were reconstructed after the use of SPSS22 for analysis. Among them, the quality dimension includes technical level of H32 construction personnel, construction habit of H31 construction personnel, quality of M20 formwork materials, H27 crew’s acceptance degree of plastic formwork; work efficiency dimension includes M23 formwork’s assembly speed and the manpower demand for C7 formwork construction; cycle dimension includes the speed of entering into and exiting from the site of M25 implements, the speed of entering into and exiting from the site of M24 materials and workpieces, construction site transformation speed of M26 construction personnel; coordination dimension includes the construction experience of A10 plastic material formwork, the difficulty level of supporting measures of A14 plastic material formwork and coordination degree of A12 construction units. The influencing factors include nothing more than 4 dimensions, but the detail lies in the factors in the dimensions. The 4 dimensions provide the direction and extend downwards the major cause of the influence. If the 4 dimensions can be managed and controlled well, the cost will be certainly reduced. If the work efficiency is high and the cycle is short and the quality can also be considered during the process of coordinating various work items and matters, the overall benefits will be high and it can also reduce the extra and unnecessary expenses to save the costs effectively.
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Ferguson, Steve. "Limit states design of steel formwork shores." Thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/565.
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Approximately half of all framework collapses occur during concrete placement. Researchers who have measured the actual loads in formwork shores consistently found that they differ from those predicted. There is some evidence that current methods tend towards underestimation. In Australia the current practice for designing steel formwork shores is set out in Australian Standard AS 3610-1990 Formwork for Concrete. It was the first national standard to be published in limit states format and departed from previous practice introducing new methods for the design of formwork shores. Prompted by doubt cast on current practice and the absence of hard basis for the methods set out in AS 3610, the aim of the research is to develop new more reliable rules for the design of steel formwork shores. This is achieved using first-order probabilistic techniques to compare the reliability of new and reused shores designed in accordance with AS 3610 with current international permissible stress and limit states methods form British, American, Israeli and draft European formwork Standards
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CHUN-JU, CHI, and 紀君儒. "The Improvement of Concrete Formwork and Construction." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78251722713007239785.
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碩士明新科技大學
營建工程與管理研究所
98
Ever since the beginning of the country, all of the concrete construction relied on formwork. The wooden forms have been one of the most popular materials in the construction industry. Because the formwork is considered temporary work（false work）, the design does not require professional engineers to seal. The owner, designers and contractors often overlook the importance of formwork in design. The current construction specification in Taiwan adopted Japanese and American codes, the local construction condition was ignored causing inadequacy. This research emphasizes in a complete sense to discuss issues related to the improvement of formwork not only in design, construction, but in quality of worker’s education, material property investigation, few design examples are provided also. It is expected to increase the awareness of formwork through documentation review, scholar interview to conclude and to promote a concrete formwork design and construction guideline. The professional engineers work environment and contractors culture in current practice are also considered when a design example is provided in the thesis. Finally, with all the effort put together, it is hopeful that the safeties of the construction industry, the quality of formwork construction are also improved.
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Sheng-YaoLee and 李勝耀. "A Study of Improvements for Plastic Formwork." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30063810348569049326.
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碩士國立成功大學
建築學系碩博士班
98
Currently in Taiwan, the RC Structure accounts for the majority of the construction industry. Over time, it has brought many problems to the construction field, such as degraded productivity, reduced employment rates, soaring wages and the lack of labor force, etc. In this regard, the “Formwork” is one of the key construction items in taking the highest percentage in aspects of construction costs, construction time and labor requirement. For this reason, modesty-based development has been emphasized for the domestic formwork sector in the hope of reducing the extent of labor reliance. Over the past decades, approaches have been planned by the industry to introduce innovative kinds of new construction methods and materials in order to alleviate the need for skills in construction industry and formwork engineering. However, local workers are accustomed to the conventional construction method practiced over the past years and are not so interested in accepting new construction methods, materials and skills and the new methods, materials and skills are not used and promoted by ordinary plants. Due to this reason, the domestic industry is still using conventional formwork skills in their formwork projects. With the increasing consciousness of environmental protection, controls of tree felling are enforced by major countries all over the world. For this reason, timber production in domestic markets and the import quantity are diminishing year after year. As timber is used as the material for conventional formwork, a huge quantity of wood has been used by the construction industry as the formwork material and tremendous construction wastes are thus produced. Because the wooden formwork is not durable, the surface quality of the formwork tends to degrade with each use and affects the concrete quality in the long run. In this Research, the study will focus on using plastics as the formwork material and their application. Aiming at the development of the domestic formwork industry, this Research will be conducted through data collection and investigation in order to understand the selection of construction methods and material utilization strategies. Further, the data collection and investigation will also be conducted on plastic formwork in domestic markets, in addition to analyzing the characteristics, advantages and costs of Plastic Formwork. Through the design, construction and cost aspects of Plastic Formwork, the Plastic Formwork improvement approaches will be studied.
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Jui-Cheng, Cheng, and 鄭瑞成. "Discussion on Formwork Productivity for Building Construction." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ppnvrq.
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碩士建國科技大學
土木與防災研究所
106
This thesis mainly discusses whether it is reasonable to estimate the construction efficiency of the formwork. Most of the formwork projects currently used in the construction of RC high-rise buildings are still carried out in the form of traditional wooden form. As the construction of the formwork has gradually become more standardized, many new materials and new methods have been developed. In addition, the construction technology of the formwork workers is becoming increasingly low, and the number of workers is relatively reduced, which makes the construction quality poor, and indirectly increases the cost of construction. Most of managers of the construction company believe that the formwork project has a great impact on the progress of the project, so the construction productivity of the formwork projects is extremely important. This study first collects the literature and estimates the cost of construction productivity according to the calculation method used in the literature, and compares and analyzes the actual formwork quantity and construction productivity. After the study, it was found that the proportion of the number of staircase form in the ratio of formwork to construction material was too large. After analysis, the artificial efficiency cost of the staircase is corrected in this study, and it will be more accurate after conversion than the original literature.
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Chang, Hung-Chan, and 張鴻展. "Productivity Analysis of Construction Formwork in Residential Buildings." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53272175145494012785.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
95
Abstract The construction industry in Taiwan always use the indirect employment pattern to hire the construction technicians, instead out sourcing operation has been used for framework engineering work, through the competition of several professional subcontractors regarding to cost, quality and efficiency, the winning subcontractor is decided. During recent years, due to the aging and reduction in the number of labors in framework engineering, and the reduction in the number of new labors; the price of framework engineering is completely controlled by such factors as progress requirement, quality and supply and demand of the market by the sub- contractor; therefore. The productivity analysis can not precisely reflect the cost, and the construction professionals can not control the price of framework engineering. According to the investigation of this study, taking the unit price of framework engineering as an example, 3 years ago, the average price was NT＄265/m2, but today, it is more than NT＄450/m2. This study conducted on site investigations of 6 construction cases as Silver River Front, the New World, University Plaza, The Forbidden City, and the Future City A and B in the greater Taipei area, the total flooring areas of the abovementioned 6 construction cases are 500,000m2 which represented the typical congregate housing construction. The study on productivity according to the traditional framework engineering was also included. Under the prerequisite of progress requirement, 8 factors such as the sets of framework used, the number of labors, the composition of framework material, the statistics of the metal hardware consumption, the processing of wastes, the loss and wearing of equipments, the transportation and removal of residual materials, storage and maintenance were used as the basis for productivity analyses in order to fully understand the content and implementation of the study. Interviews were also conducted to the managers and technicians. According to the analysis of preliminary results, it indicated that the systematic order of the framework materials and the applications of metal screw components, the reinforcement and lightweight of the steel-back supporting materials, the electro-equipment and weight-lifting equipment would help to upgrade the productivity. The analysis of this study showed that 5-years ago, and the productivity was 15 m2/man-day, but the figure reduced to 12 m2/man.day at present. Through interviews, we know that the average age of labor is 50 years old today, and labors more than 45 years old account for about 50% of the total labor force; without the participation of young men in framework engineering, coupled with the aging of the present labor force, which would influence the productivity in framework engineering greatly. The result of this study would make the professionals look at the problems of aging and shortage of labor seriously, and would be helpful to the management strategy in the future, cost control and overall construction management.
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WU, JIA-HENG, and 吳嘉恆. "Investigation for supporting capacity on formwork support structure." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22183254530473739598.
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Chih-Ming, Wu, and 吳誌銘. "Applying TRIZ to Analyze the Development of Formwork." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22903950904051828469.
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碩士中華大學
營建管理研究所
95
As a member of WTO, construction industry in this country has been confronted with competitions from foreign enterprises, who are increasingly armed with new building material and construction technique to participate in domestic projects here. Pressured by foreign competitiveness, our construction industry must respond with innovations to further enhance market competitiveness. Thus, this study adopts formwork engineering as subject for analysis, and followed with targeting on how to enhance existing safety protections for formwork engineering. TRIZ will be used for predicting and analyzing development trend for formwork engineering. Contents for this research are primarily separated into three phases: Phase one will be collecting and analyzing formwork relevant patents awarded and granted in both Taiwan and USA. And the forty inventive principles imbedded in TRIZ will be applied to analyze patent characteristics prevalent in both Taiwan and USA. The intent of this approach is to sort out formwork patent development trends for both domestic and abroad, and further compare the discrepancies as such. And the end result would benefit relevant studies in this area, especially in understanding both domestic and foreign formwork’s inventive principles. Phase two is to collect and converge all available domestic expert opinions and suggestions on formwork safety issues, and respond with inventive principle of multi-engineering characteristics in order to effectively address the needs of guidelines and directions for safety protection in the future. Phase three focuses on case exploration, onsite construction inspection, and examines the needs and problems derived from relevant safety protection. Finally, design enhancement for formwork engineering innovation will be proposed accordingly based on systematically novelty approaches of TRIZ.
48
Shyu, Chih Cheng, and 徐志成. "A STRATEGIC APPROACH FOR UTILIZING A SYSTEM FORMWORK." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76539560308482000204.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程技術學系
83
Cost of formwork is a major component in total concrete construction costs. A comprehensive survey for ten different system formworks that currently used in Taiwan is carried out in this research to provide a general background knowledge. Work improvement techniques including work sampling, field rating, five-minute-rating, time-lapse photographing, crew balance charting, and flow process analysis are then applied to identify problems and potential areas for improvement concerning current practic of system formworks. Based on modular coordination concepts, a computer system is built to assist field engineers in preplanning for formwork construction. A material management system is also proposed to assist field management in effective use of existing formwork components. Finally, strategies for work process improvement are suggested, as well as, implemented in a real construction site. The results show that worker utilization ratio and unit rate of labor requirement can be improved drastically.
49
李昭良. "An Evaluation of Subcontracting for Retaining Wall Formwork." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34297429923040171557.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
土木工程學系
101
Most constructions now adopt the subcontract by lowest tender when carrying out the contract. Although this subcontract model is more convenient and easy to manage, we still need to think about if it has the the advantages of distracting risks and lowering fixed cost. Thus, on the part of a large construction company’s manager, he should take the very question -whether they can deal with partial construction into serious consideration. This research is to help managers to build up the effective model to evaluate make or buy decision based on value chain analysis and cost drivers in Portre’s”Competitive Advantage”.It also utilizes fixed cost and variable cost in the economic model to analyze the unit cost, then evaluate the constructions should adopt make or buy decision. In this case study, the research takes retaining wall formwork for example. First, break down value activities and set up the value chain. Next, evaluate make or buy decision of formwork through cost drivers. Finally, analyze the unit cost by the economic model. The outcome confirms that the retaining wall formwork has the potentiality to be made by construction company itself. And this leaves the managers to think about the ways further more.
50
Chang, Yu-Hsuan, and 張育瑄. "Study on Formwork Assembly Tasking in Building Construction." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57725534374549415174.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
營建管理研究所
102
For the past decades, the formwork system methods were adjusted with the environmental and policy changes continuously. Since 1970 new-typed formwork system was introduced, but only modular formwork system was retained for civil engineering. Formwork system depends on experience heritage and self-requirements all the way since. Literature review in this study brought out the fact that there is 90% construction in Tiwan are Reinforced Concrete and Steel Reinforced Concrete. It shows the importance of formwork system in Tiawan. Furthermore, one-third of total engineering cost of a structure architecture is on formwork construction. And 70% of time is used for formwork construction in whole structure duration. This work archieved the methods of formwork construction in different part by a series of expert interviews. Then AHP is used to design the expert questionnaire. And this research employs Expert Choice2000 software to analyze the questionnaire and compare the method of formwork construction to help decide which is the better one.