Journal articles: 'Fort Ancient'

1

Robinson, Lou. "Fort Ancient." Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 10, no. 3 (1989): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3346445.

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Tankersley, Kenneth B., and Angela L. Haines. "Was Newtown a Fort Ancient Progenitor?" North American Archaeologist 31, no. 2 (2010): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.31.2.c.

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Skorokhod, Viacheslav, and Vitalii Zhyhola. "Ancient Rus Building at Vypovziv Hill-fort." Archaeology, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/archaeologyua2017.01.088.

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hÁdhmaill, Pádraig Ó., J. P. Mallory, and Stephen Conlin. "Navan Fort, the Ancient Capital of Ulster." Seanchas Ardmhacha: Journal of the Armagh Diocesan Historical Society 12, no. 1 (1986): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29745245.

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Wang, Xuan, and Xin Hou. "Research on Fort of Chinese Ancient Military Defense System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.136.

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Fort defense was always being with external or internal strife in ancient China. According to the different characters and functions, the forts in military defense system are classified as five types: the administrative and military central fort, common garrison fort, fort of strategic pass, fort for transmitting information, and farming fort for military supplies. And the fort network system structure for military defense and the basic construction characters of fort are summarized. It is clarified that all kinds of defensive nodes set by forts formed ordered depth through the interconnection in different levels, and played an important role in the history of national military defense system.

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Heilman, J. M., Duane C. Anderson, and Christopher Turnbow. "Exploring Fort Ancient Culture: Dayton's Prehistoric Indian Village." Museum Anthropology 14, no. 1 (1990): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mua.1990.14.1.17.

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Brown, James A. "The View from Madisonville: Protohistoric Western Fort Ancient Interaction Patterns.:The View from Madisonville: Protohistoric Western Fort Ancient Interaction Patterns." American Anthropologist 101, no. 2 (1999): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1999.101.2.409.

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Nass, John. "Fort Ancient Agricultural Systems and Settlement: A View from Southwestern Ohio." North American Archaeologist 9, no. 4 (1989): 319–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pxqr-t74w-ttu0-fcl6.

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Models of Fort Ancient settlement are based on assumptions about social organization, adaptation, and site function. Fundamental to testing settlement models is the question of village autonomy among coeval communities, especially the question of economic self-sufficiency. This question is explored by using catchment analysis as a technique for measuring the amount of usable soils around six nucleated Fort Ancient villages in southwestern Ohio. Economically, each of the sites discussed is shown to have sufficient soil for growing the necessary cultigens to support its resident population on a year-round basis. These results are in agreement with Graybill's (1981) thesis that all Fort Ancient communities, regardless of size, shape, complexity, or time, are self-sufficient social aggregates.

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Tankersley, Kenneth B. "The Mariemont Earthwork: A Fort Ancient Serpentine Hydraulic Structure." North American Archaeologist 29, no. 2 (2008): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/na.29.2.a.

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Prabhu, Deene Manik, Syed Raziuddin Quadri, Juan Cheng, et al. "Sinomonas mesophila sp. nov., isolated from ancient fort soil." Journal of Antibiotics 68, no. 5 (2014): 318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ja.2014.161.

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11

Cook, Robert A., and Jarrod Burks. "Determining Site Size and Structure: A Fort Ancient Example." American Antiquity 76, no. 1 (2011): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.76.1.145.

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A basic problem in archaeological research is determining site size and structure. In this paper we develop an approach that sequentially employs several survey techniques, including aerial photography, magnetic gradiometry, magnetic susceptibility, and shovel testing in the context of the Wildcat site (33My499), a Fort Ancient habitation site located near Dayton, Ohio. Defining site size and structure was a challenge at Wildcat since it is located in an agricultural field that has not been plowed for many years. Magnetic susceptibility and close-interval shovel testing worked well to define the basic site structure, and magnetic gradiometry and targeted magnetic anomaly excavations efficiently revealed a series of features. Alone, each of the methods produced somewhat misleading data regarding site size and structure, but together they revealed a much smaller site than originally anticipated.

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Sciulli, Paul W., and Robert A. Cook. "Intracemetery biological variation at the fort ancient sunwatch village." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 160, no. 4 (2016): 719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23001.

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White, John R. "The Kern Effigy: Evidence for a Prehistoric fort Ancient Summer Solstice Marker." North American Archaeologist 7, no. 2 (1986): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wlf7-5drf-nu10-dqll.

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Recent excavations in Warren County, Ohio, within the shadow of monumental Fort Ancient have brought to light a large prehistoric alignment of limestone flagstones forming an effigy of a serpent. Radiocarbon dates indicate that this effigy was constructed in 1200 A.D. presumably by local peoples archaeologically designated as being of the Anderson focus (or phase) of the Fort Ancient aspect. Strong evidence indicates that this large “artifact” may have seen use as an astronomical ground marker for determining the summer solstice and important dates related thereto. A set of general and site specific hypotheses is presented to support this contention and to briefly discuss its cultural setting.

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Cook, Robert A. "Dogs of War: Potential Social Institutions of Conflict, Healing, and Death in a Fort Ancient Village." American Antiquity 77, no. 3 (2012): 498–523. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.77.3.498.

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AbstractInterpreting ritual activity at ancient sites, such as Sun Watch Village in the Middle Ohio Valley, can be difficult without clear and specific historical connections to later groups. This Fort Ancient site yielded evidence of ritual use of dogs and wolves that resemble those documented for several Central Algonquian and Siouan/Plains tribes. Although these ethnographic groups have not been conclusively linked as direct descendants of Middle Ohio valley populations, this information can be used as multiple specific analogies for understanding such “culturally unaffiliated” cases. At Sun Watch Village, local customs of dog and wolf ritualism became established at a time of increasing warfare and the appearance of Mississippians in the Fort Ancient region. Mississippians may have contributed to developing authority positions in individual villages that were coping with local population growth and in-migration of peoples within an increasingly hostile social landscape.

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Cook, Robert A. "Reconstructing Perishable Architecture: Prospects and Limitations of a Fort Ancient Example." North American Archaeologist 26, no. 4 (2005): 357–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/f6q4-jym4-8y6d-lxbq.

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Perishable architectural evidence recovered from prehistoric sites can be used to address significant archaeological questions regarding natural formation processes, occupation duration, and the physical appearance of houses. Specifically, postholes, wall daub, and mud dauber nests hold a variety of clues. Posthole frequency can be used to refine site chronology. Posthole size can be used to examine the structural capacities of house walls, and they often contain wood charcoal that can inform of the species type used for construction. Daub can help with the interpretation of wall thickness, construction materials, and building techniques. Mud dauber nests can provide key roof construction details such as rafter size and roofing material. Houses reconstructed based on archaeological evidence can in turn provide important experimental evidence useful for furthering our knowledge of natural formation processes.

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Miller, G. L. "Ohio Hopewell Ceremonial Bladelet Use at the Moorehead Circle, Fort Ancient." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 39, no. 1 (2014): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2327427113y.0000000002.

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Clark, Geoffrey, Phillip Parton, Christian Reepmeyer, Nivaleti Melekiola, and David Burley. "Conflict and State Development in Ancient Tonga: The Lapaha Earth Fort." Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 13, no. 3 (2017): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2017.1337658.

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Lepper, Bradley T., James R. Duncan, Carol Diaz-Granádos, and Tod A. Frolking. "Arguments for the Age of Serpent Mound." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 28, no. 3 (2018): 433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095977431800001x.

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Serpent Mound, in northern Adams County, Ohio, USA, is one of the most iconic symbols of ancient America and yet there is no widely agreed upon date for the age of its original construction. Some archaeologists consider it to have been built by the Adena culture around 300bc, while others contend it was built by the Fort Ancient culture aroundad1100. There have been three attempts to obtain radiometric ages for the effigy, but they have yielded inconclusive results. The iconography of the earthwork offers an alternative means of placing the mound in its cultural context. Serpent imagery is abundant in the Fort Ancient culture as well as in the more encompassing Mississippian Ideological Interaction Sphere. Pictographs from Picture Cave in Missouri include a serpent, a humanoid female and a vulvoid in close association. We interpret these elements, in the light of Siouan oral traditions, as First Woman and her consort the Great Serpent. The Picture Cave imagery dates to betweenad950 and 1025. We argue that these same three elements are represented in the original configuration of Serpent Mound and therefore situate its design and original construction in the Early Fort Ancient period.

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Krus, Anthony M., Robert Cook, and Derek Hamilton. "Bayesian Chronological Modeling of SunWatch, a Fort Ancient Village in Dayton, Ohio." Radiocarbon 57, no. 5 (2015): 965–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18179.

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Radiocarbon results from houses, pits, and burials at the SunWatch site, Dayton, Ohio, are presented within an interpretative Bayesian statistical framework. The primary model incorporates dates from archaeological features in an unordered phase and uses charcoal outlier modeling (Bronk Ramsey 2009b) to account for issues of wood charcoal14C dates predating their context. The results of the primary model estimate occupation lasted for1–245 yr(95% probability), starting incal AD 1175–1385(95% probability) and ending incal AD 1330–1470(95% probability). An alternative model was created by placing the14C dates into two unordered phases corresponding with horizontal stratigraphic relationships or distinct groups of artifacts thought to be temporally diagnostic. The results of the alternative model further suggest that there is some temporal separation between Group 1 and Group 2, which seems more likely in the event of a multicomponent occupation. Overall, the modeling results provide chronology estimates for SunWatch that are more accurate and precise than that provided in earlier studies. While it is difficult to determine with certainty if SunWatch had a single-component or multicomponent occupation, it is clear that SunWatch's occupation lasted until the second half of the AD 1300s.

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Purtill, Matthew P. "Evidence for a Late Fort Ancient Fall/Winter Occupation in Southwestern Ohio." North American Archaeologist 20, no. 2 (1999): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9m5l-lgvn-g4pa-5uju.

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Comstock, Aaron R., and Robert A. Cook. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND MIGRATION ALONG A MISSISSIPPIAN PERIPHERY: A FORT ANCIENT EXAMPLE." American Antiquity 83, no. 1 (2017): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2017.50.

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Archaeologists have long recognized an important relationship between climate change and the trajectory of the Mississippian polity at Cahokia, with twelfth- and thirteenth-century droughts playing a key role in transforming social relationships and the pace of monument construction. This environmental transition may have spurred emigration from Cahokia and surrounding farming communities. This raises the questions: What was the nature of environmental change and cultural transformations on the Mississippian peripheries and where did these Mississippian emigrants go? This paper provides a case study from the Middle Ohio Valley that brings together spatiotemporal patterns in moisture availability between AD 1000 and AD 1300 and new archaeological data from Fort Ancient villages located in southeast Indiana and southwest Ohio that were occupied during this same temporal interval. We suggest that droughts in the American Bottom region pushed Mississippians to less drought-stricken areas such as the Middle Ohio Valley, which experienced concurrent periods of wetness. This pattern builds on a growing body of data suggesting that the movement of individuals and communities played a large role in the process of Mississippianization throughout the midcontinental and southeastern United States.

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Cook, Robert A., and Lane F. Fargher. "Fort Ancient-Mississippian Interaction and Shell-Tempered Pottery at SunWatch Village, Ohio." Journal of Field Archaeology 32, no. 2 (2007): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/009346907791071647.

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MacDonald, Douglas H., Bruce Manzano, Jonathan C. Lothrop, David L. Cremeens, Kathryn C. Parker, and Brent Shreckengost. "With Mica We Mourn: Fort Ancient Mortuary Practices at Clark Rockshelter, Kentucky." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 34, no. 2 (2009): 249–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/mca.2009.015.

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Han, Wei Cheng, and Jin Ping Wang. "Research of Defense Settlement of the Interior and Exterior Pass of Shanxi." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 2333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.2333.

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From the ancient times, Shanxi was called the strategic gateway of the national capital. An impregnable defensive system is required to guard Shanxi, therefore, the defense settlement rose in response to the request, shaped as a city surrounded by many successive forts. Beyond the government building forts, there were a lot of civilian communities. According to the form and the size, the defense system could be distinguished as the following: Town City—Road City—Wei City－Suo City－Fort City —Community Fort. It was constructed as this: guarding system (outside) --- transportation system--- building units. The three layers affected and restricted each other.

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Tankersley, Kenneth B. "The View from Madisonville: Protohistoric Western Fort Ancient Interaction Patterns. Penelope Ballard Drooker." Journal of Anthropological Research 56, no. 2 (2000): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.56.2.3631374.

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Tankersley, Kenneth B. "Bison Exploitation by Late Fort Ancient Peoples in the Central Ohio River Valley." North American Archaeologist 7, no. 4 (1987): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3c5f-2993-ekr5-9alp.

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Recent radiocarbon dating demonstrates that Bison bison was present in the central Ohio River Valley between AD 1450 and 1800. The association of this species with cultural material suggests that bison were exploited as a source of food and raw material by Fort Ancient peoples of the Madisonville phase. Bison sought access to the salt and sulphur spings at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky, making this an important locale for bison exploitation.

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Greeley, Nansee, and Theresa Reardon Offerman. "Now & Then: Words, Words, Words: Ancient Communication." Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 3, no. 5 (1998): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.3.5.0358.

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Now… The insightful use of words is what most people think of when they consider the work of a journalist, especially that of a reporter. However, numbers play a large part, as well. Mike Fisher, sports journalist for the Dallas Cowboys; columnist for the Fort Worth Star-Telegram; and host of the radio show, Fish for Lunch, which airs daily on KLIF radio in Dallas, Texas, knows that a good understanding of numbers, particularly statistics, is essential to being a sports journalist.

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Omurova, G. T., V. V. Barinov, O. V. Kardash, E. A. Vaganov, and V. S. Myglan. "RECONSTRUCTION OF EXTREME PALEOCLIMATIC EVENTS IN NORTHWESTERN SIBERIA USING ANCIENT WOOD FROM FORT NADYM." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 46, no. 3 (2018): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2018.46.3.032-040.

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This study addresses the occurrence of damage to the anatomical structure (frost rings, light rings, and fluctuations of the wood density) and missing tree rings in wood samples from Fort Nadym—a medieval fort in the subarctic zone of Western Siberia. The chronology of extreme climatic events was reconstructed for the 1170–1505 period. We used multiple criteria such as severity of events; coincidence of structural pathologies and missing annual rings across all species; coincidence of structural anomalies with missing rings in specifi c years and years of minimum growth in chronologies. These criteria have allowed us to identify eight signifi cant climatic events for the study area. The comparison of information on those events with that relating to other regions has shown that the 1259 event, evidenced by various sources, was likely global. Two other events, 1342 and 1466, are registered in northwestern Siberia and North America, and are therefore inter-regional. The 1347 and 1440 events concerned only northwestern Siberia. These years coincide with those of documented volcanic eruptions, peaks of acidity and aerosol development in polar ice cores, as well as the historical accounts of severe cold, crop failure, etc. All these events had a strong impact on socio-economic processes in Western Siberia.

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Omurova, G. T., V. V. Barinov, O. V. Kardash, E. A. Vaganov, and V. S. Myglan. "Reconstruction of Extreme Paleoclimatic Events in Northwestern Siberia Using Ancient Wood from Fort Nadym." Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia (Russian-language). 46, no. 3 (2018): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0102.2018.46.3.032-040.

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Drooker, Penelope B. "Asking Old Museum Collections New Questions: Protohistoric Fort Ancient Social Organization and Interregional Interaction." Museum Anthropology 19, no. 3 (1995): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mua.1995.19.3.3.

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Cook, Robert A., and Aaron R. Comstock. "Evaluating the Old Wood Problem in a Temperate Climate: A Fort Ancient Case Study." American Antiquity 79, no. 04 (2014): 763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.79.4.763763.

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Abstract Schiffer (1986) first identified the old wood problem for wood charcoal-based dates from archaeological contexts in the American Southwest. The potential for dates to be skewed toward excessively old calendar ages in this region has recently generated reticence in part of the archaeological community towards including wood charcoal dates in general. Some scholars have even begun to cleanse the radiocarbon databases of regions throughout North America, partly with this presumed limitation in mind. However, the issues that contribute to the old wood problem have not been closely examined outside the arid climate of the American Southwest, resulting in some studies excluding hundreds of radiocarbon dates. The present study fills that void by examining the radiocarbon record from four well-dated Fort Ancient sites in southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana. Specifically, we test whether or not there are significant differences between wood charcoal and non-wood charcoal assays. Our findings suggest that wood charcoal dates should not be excluded. We explore reasons for this difference in the Eastern Woodlands and propose an ideal dating regime.

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Skorobogatova, A. Yu, and T. M. Ponomaryova. "Peculiarities of the Atlym Ceramics Found in the Surgut Ob River Area (Based on the Materials of the Strelka Site)." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 3 (2019): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-3-74-89.

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The Atlym culture was singled out by E. A. Vasilyev on the materials of the ancient fort of Maly Atlym 1. The researcher dated it as 12–13th centuries BC and identified two chronological stages in its existence (12–10th and 10–8th centuries BC), which corresponded to two types of ceramics different in the form of vessels and ornamentation. In this article we consider some features of the Atlym culture ceramics of the Late Bronze Age based on the materials of the multilayered fort of Strelka located in the basin of the Bol’shoi Yugan River. Remains of the Late Bronze Age structure were found on the site of the ancient fort. The cultural layer associated with the construction of the Late Bronze Age was preserved on a small stretch between the Medieval moat and an additional rampart at the periphery of the site of the settlement. It is blocked by a rampart of an ancient Iron Age fort and the soil removed from the Medieval moat. During the five years of excavations, the most representative collection amongst the well-known Atlym collections in terms of the quantity of items has been gathered on this site. Purpose. We aimed at checking a working hypothesis about the existence of several groups within the ceramic complex using the methods of factor analysis and determining the place of the Late Bronze complex of the Strelka fort among Atlym sites. Results. Statistical analysis of the material revealed three stable characteristic groups where the type of the vessel profile is associated with a certain set of dies, the method of applying and arranging the ornament. Two roughly equal groups of Atlym ceramics of type II (according to Е. А. Vasilyev) and a small group of vessels attributed to the Gamayun culture, which was widespread in the Trans-Ural area during the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the 10–4th centuries BC, are distinguished in the complex. Our analysis of the material allocation in the layer showed a lack of significant differences in the occurrence of all ceramics groups. Similar groups were identified in the settlement Yendyrskoye VIII (the Atlym culture, 10–8th centuries BC) in the Lower Ob River area, where they also existed simultaneously. Such groups were not singled out on the other Atlym sites. Conclusion. The two parallel traditions in the Atlym pottery manufacture are established based on the materials from the Strelka site. The Late Bronze complex of the fort Strelka corresponds to the type II of the Atlym ceramics (according to Е. А. Vasilyiev) and dates back to the 10–8th centuries BC. The presence of the Gamayun type vessels indicates some contacts between the population of the Surgut part the Ob River area and the Trans-Ural region.

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Polyakov, Е. N., and M. I. Korzh. "FORMATION OF FORTIFICATION ART IN ANCIENT EAST COUNTRIES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 21, no. 4 (2019): 94–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-4-94-124.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of fortification art monuments in such East countries from Ancient Egypt to medieval China. An attempt is made to identify the main stages of the fortification development from a stand-alone fortress (citadel, fort) to the most complex systems of urban and border fortifications, including moats, walls and gates, battle towers. It is shown that the nature of these architectural structures is determined by the status of the city or settlement, its natural landscape, building structures and materials, the development of military and engineering art. The materials from poliorceticon (Greek: poliorketikon, poliorketika), illustrate the main types of siege machines and mechanisms. The advantages and disadvantages of boundary shafts and long walls (limes). The most striking examples are the defensive systems of Assyria, New Babylon, Judea and Ancient China.

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Zahariade, Mihail, and Myrna K. Phelps. "Halmyris, a settlement and fort near the mouth of the Danube: interim report." Journal of Roman Archaeology 15 (2002): 230–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759400013921.

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Ancient Halmyris lies in the NW corner of the Dobrudja region in SE Romania. It liesc.2.5 km east of the village of Murighiol on a rocky promontory which is slightly higher than the surrounding marshes. This is at the E end of the Dunavat peninsula (known in antiquity asExtrema Scythiae Minoris: Jord., Get.266) and it is bordered by the Danube delta on the north and east, Razelm lake on the south, and the Tulcea hills on the west (fig. 1). The site was occupied continuously from at least the mid-first millennium B.C. up to the 7th c. A.D. The local environment, flora and fauna were favourable to settlement until as a result of natural causes the Danube became almost inaccessible; from that point on, the settlement became vulnerable to human and other natural events and eventually it became deserted.The site is known today as Bataraia or Cetatea. In the early 20th c. the locals still called it the Genoese stronghold (Geneviz-Kaleh). In antiquity it lay on the bank of the southern arm of the Danube called Peuce (now known as Sfantu Gheorghe). Today the southern arm of the Danube runs 2 km north of the site and it is connected to Lake Murighiol by the Periboina canal. Until 1983 there were two lakes,c.100 andc.200 m from the site, modern relics of the ancient course of the river. To the east lie the Dunavat hills and to the south is Dealul Cetatea (“fort hill”) (fig. 2).

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Cook, Robert A., and T. Douglas Price. "Maize, mounds, and the movement of people: isotope analysis of a Mississippian/Fort Ancient region." Journal of Archaeological Science 61 (September 2015): 112–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2015.03.022.

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Cook, Robert A., and Mark R. Schurr. "Eating between the Lines: Mississippian Migration and Stable Carbon Isotope Variation in Fort Ancient Populations." American Anthropologist 111, no. 3 (2009): 344–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2009.01137.x.

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Monaghan, G. William, and Edward W. Herrmann. "Serpent Mound: Still Built by the Adena, and Still Rebuilt During the Fort Ancient Period." Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 44, no. 1 (2018): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01461109.2018.1511156.

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Cook, Robert A., and Mark R. Schurr. "GROWTH OF A VILLAGE: USING FLUORIDE ANALYSIS AND ARTIFACT FREQUENCIES TO EXAMINE EARLY FORT ANCIENT/MISSISSIPPIAN HOUSEHOLD AND SITE FORMATION." American Antiquity 83, no. 3 (2018): 552–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aaq.2018.31.

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Examining the formation histories of single-component prehistoric villages is difficult using only radiocarbon dating. This study investigates such a case with the added considerations of two relative dating techniques, artifact accumulation and fluoride dating, at the Guard site (12D29), an early (ca. AD 1000–1300) Fort Ancient/Mississippian village located in southeast Indiana. The goal was to assess the depositional history of the individual house basins and, if possible, to determine a relative sequence of construction within the village. The observed relationship between relative artifact frequencies and fluoride levels was statistically examined with the expected result being that fluoride concentrations and artifact frequencies are significantly correlated. Houses built initially contained lower relative artifact frequencies, whereas houses built more recently contained higher relative artifact frequencies. This pattern is further explored with artifact and fluoride distinctions in vertical stratigraphy, which show that some structures were slowly filled with midden trash, whereas others were more likely rapidly filled during the latter part of the village occupation, perhaps at the time of site abandonment. Overall, the results are very promising and consistent with the SunWatch site, the only other Fort Ancient culture site with a defined construction sequence, establishing a general pattern of village development in the study region.

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Deppen, Jacob, and Robert A. Cook. "Deer use in good times and in bad: A Fort Ancient case study from southwest Ohio." Environmental Archaeology 19, no. 1 (2013): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1749631413y.0000000002.

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McLauchlan, Kendra. "Plant cultivation and forest clearance by prehistoric North Americans: pollen evidence from Fort Ancient, Ohio, USA." Holocene 13, no. 4 (2003): 557–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683603hl646rp.

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Driver, Toby G., Barry C. Burnham, and Jeffrey L. Davies. "Roman Wales: Aerial Discoveries and New Observations from the Drought of 2018." Britannia 51 (May 26, 2020): 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x20000100.

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ABSTRACTThis paper provides description and context for some of the discoveries made by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales during aerial reconnaissance in the drought conditions of the summer of 2018. New discoveries include two marching camps, three auxiliary forts and a remarkable series of stone buildings outside the fort at Pen y Gaer. The photographs also clarify the plan of several known villas as well as identifying some potential villa sites and enclosure systems of probable Romano-British date in south-eastern, south-western and north-western Wales. The recognition of a new road alignment south of Carmarthen is suggestive of another coastal fort at or near Kidwelly.

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Buck, Trudi, Elizabeth M. Greene, Alexander Meyer, Victoria Barlow, and Eleanor Graham. "The Body in the Ditch: Alternative Funerary Practices on the Northern Frontier of the Roman Empire?" Britannia 50 (May 6, 2019): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068113x1900014x.

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ABSTRACTDisarticulated human remains were recovered from a first-century fort ditch at Vindolanda on the north-west frontier of the Roman Empire. Ancient DNA analysis revealed the skeleton to be that of a male individual and forensic taphonomic analysis suggested a primary deposition of the body in a waterlogged environment with no obvious evidence of formal burial. Occurrences of disarticulated human remains outside a cemetery context are often overlooked in Roman bioarchaeology. This discovery adds to the growing body of literature regarding alternative funerary practice in the Empire, highlighting that the concept of burial and disposal of the dead is more complex than ancient historical sources suggest. Details of the DNA analysis are provided in the Supplementary Material available at https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X1900014X.

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Sea, Claiborne Daniel. "Continuity and change in the Native American village: multicultural origins and descendants of the fort ancient culture." Southeastern Archaeology 39, no. 4 (2020): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0734578x.2020.1793089.

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Mallory, Jim. "The saving of Navan." Antiquity 61, no. 231 (1987): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00072501.

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Navan, Co. Armagh, is one of the major ritual sites of Irish and of European prehistory. Its 2.5 square km encompass the bronze- and iron-age Navan ‘fort’, the bronze-age ritual pond of the King's Stables, the bronze-/iron-age Haughey's fort, and the iron-age ritual lake of Loughnashade – and, surely, other sites not yet detected. It figures largely in the early history of Ireland as the ancient capital of Ulster. For years, a limestone quarry has been eating into the archaeological landscape; its erosion was finally halted last year, thanks to the vigour with which the Friends of Navan fought the archaeological case. Here, one of the founder Friends sets out the issues, and what kind of victory was won.

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Iqbal, Saira. "Scenic and Scientific Representation of Water in Mughal Architecture: A case study of ShahJahan’s Quadrangle Lahore Fort, Pakistan." Academic Research Community publication 2, no. 2 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v2i2.485.

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Nothing is useless in this world. Everything has its specific purpose and objectives with respect to its importance. The present-day hardware and materials utilized as a part of building swallow noteworthy measure of our national vitality. Ancient monumental buildings and palaces are still a place to relax without fans, coolers and air conditioners. There is a need to study the traditional buildings because they are time-tested. Mughal Architects are legendary for their creativity. Without beauty, architecture would just be the combination and amalgamation of some material. Hence, art is the soul and spirit of architecture. Mughal Architecture is the example of “Feeling of Wonder” that is the source of aesthetic experience. Mughals showed the great skills in infusing the Islamic idea with local tradition. Water has had been an important element in Asian culture and architecture. Water is an architectural element that is extensively used in our ancient buildings and in the garden of the Mughals. Water not only pleases the eye on a hot summer day, but also provides passive cooling. This paper deals with the utilization of water not only for the purpose of beautification of the site but also for studying the scientific utility of water. This study is a mixture of basic and applied methods according to architectural research methods. The study in this research will show how Mughals used water as an eminent representation of undaunted Mughal mastery in retaining and regulating the temperature along with the beautification purpose via fountains, water channels, and pools.

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Gates-Foster, Jennifer, Isabelle Goncalves, Bérangère Redon, Hélène Cuvigny, Mariola Hepa, and Thomas Faucher. "The Early Imperial fortress of Berkou, Eastern Desert, Egypt." Journal of Roman Archaeology 34, no. 1 (2021): 30–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759421000337.

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AbstractIn 2020, during excavations in the Wadi al-Ghozza in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, archaeologists from the French Archaeological Mission to the Eastern Desert of Egypt discovered a well-preserved Flavian praesidium. This small and unusually shaped fort, identified in ostraca found in the fortress as Berkou (Βɛρκου), lay along a track leading from ancient Kaine (Qena) to the imperial quarries at Porphyrites. The fort lay over the remains of a Ptolemaic village and incorporated elements from the water system of the older settlement. This article presents the results of those excavations, including an overview of the fort's architecture and associated finds, as well as a discussion of its role in the regional transportation and security network that supported Roman exploitation of the nearby porphyry quarries in the 1st c. CE.

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Cotkin, Spencer J., Christopher Carr, Mary Louise Cotkin, Alfred E. Dittert, and Daniel T. Kremser. "Analysis of Slips and Other Inorganic Surface Materials on Woodland and Early Fort Ancient Ceramics, South-Central Ohio." American Antiquity 64, no. 2 (1999): 316–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2694282.

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Petrographic analyses were made of 386 utilitarian pottery vessels from 23 dated components of 18 Early Woodland through early Fort Ancient period sites (ca. 1150 B.C.–A.D. 1300) in south-central Ohio. The analyses reveal that a significant percentage ( 11.6 percent) of the 386 vessels bear uncolored (i.e., unpigmented) pottery slips and washes, that these surface materials were common (>56 percent) among the 23 sampled components, and that they were produced throughout most of the examined prehistoric sequence, including the earliest Early Woodland, when pottery making began in the Midwest. In contrast, a literature review indicates that uncolored slips and washes are unrecorded for utilitarian wares in the prehistoric Eastern Woodlands, that both colored and uncolored slips are unknown for any ceramics of the Early Woodland period, and that colored slips or washes in the pre-Mississippian Midwest have been observed in only low frequencies. Electron microprobe analysis of seven sherds show the compositional similarity of the clays of slips to the clays of their associated vessel bodies, indicating that the slips were made from the same raw clays as the bodies, but with no or little added rock temper and/or with the sieving of the slip clay. Contextual analyses give further insights, including the possible uses of slips and washes for decoration and to decrease vessel wall permeability. Calcite and apatite coatings on the vessel surfaces also were observed and are interpreted. Results indicate greater continuity between and Midwestern and Southeastern United States in ceramic technology than previously thought, and suggest a need for caution in electron microprobe and INAA chemical studies of Midwestern ceramics.

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Cook, Robert A. "Single Component Sites with Long Sequences of Radiocarbon Dates: The Sunwatch Site and Middle Fort Ancient Village Growth." American Antiquity 72, no. 3 (2007): 439–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40035855.

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Radiocarbon dates from single-component prehistoric sites often span temporal sequences too long to be accounted for by spatial overlap in the patterning of features. One such example is the SunWatch site, which was long interpreted as a single-component occupation of relatively short duration (15–20 years), although the radiocarbon sequence comfortably spans a 500-year period (ca. A.D. 1000 to 1500). This study compares spatial contexts of the SunWatch radiocarbon dates with other temporal indicators, including architectural rebuilding, feature form and volume, and diagnostic artifact attributes. Two distinct portions of the radiocarbon sequence can be accounted for by reference to these other lines of evidence. Village growth is linked with internal and external processes, including the arrival of a small Mississippian group and the possibility of site reoccupation, common among shifting agricultural systems.

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Shrimpton, Gordon. "Reviews of Books:The Divided City: On Memory and Forgetting in Ancient Athens Nicole Loraux, Corinne Pache, Jeff Fort." American Historical Review 108, no. 4 (2003): 1196–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/529890.

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Coon, Matthew S. "Variation in Ohio Hopewell Political Economies." American Antiquity 74, no. 1 (2009): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600047508.

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I examine mortuary, artifactual, symbolic, and proxemic data from Hopewell sites in southwestern and south-central Ohio to suggest that people associated with south-central Ohio sites such as Hopewell and Seip implemented more exclusionary political strategies, while people at southwestern sites such as Turner and Fort Ancient maintained a more corporate orientation through much of the Middle Woodland period. The recognition of this dimension of variation among Ohio Hopewell peoples has important implications for the study of the evolution of middle-range societies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Fort Ancient'

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