Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fortes chaleurs'
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Poupelin, Mélissa. "Géoprospective et modélisation climatique de la végétation urbaine dans une perspective d'adaptation aux fortes chaleurs : application à Dijon Métropole." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCH033.
Full textAdapting cities to extreme heat is a major challenge in urban planning. One of the key strategies involves increasing urban greening by developping cool islands or green corridors. These developments necessitate a reimagining of urban spaces and planning practices. Studying the impact on air temperature and thermal comfort of urban greening at the metropolitan scale is a research challenge in both urban climate modeling and territorial planning. At the intersection of climatology and geography, this thesis utilizes tools and methods from these disciplines to formulate a method for constructing greening scenarios. This research, aimed at developing decision-support tools, uses Dijon Métropole as a case study. The theoretical framework proposed for co-constructing and modeling territorial planning scenarios is that of geospective. The methodological approach is structured into two phases: (1) the validation of a reference simulation and (2) the creation of vegetation scenarios and the associated climate simulation.To simulate the impact of the scenarios at the metropolitan scale, Méso-NH coupled with TEB/SURFEX is ideal as it integrates the modeling of both upper and lower layers of urban vegetation. Constructing a realistic reference simulation requires an accurate description of land use. Upon identifying that urban vegetation is poorly represented in freely accessible databases, the thesis constructs a high-resolution urban vegetation database using very high-resolution satellite imagery. The validation of a reference simulation within the framework of a research-action project involves verifying whether the results are close to the measured air temperatures in the territory. Dijon Métropole is equipped with an air temperature observation network that covers the entire metropolitan area. Validating a reference simulation within the framework of a research-action project involves assessing whether the results closely align with the measured air temperatures in the territory. The data needed to obtain this reference tends to be accessible in most territories, making this method generalizable, provided that observation data is available for the studied period.The co-construction of urban greening scenarios is part of a research-action project carried out in the Dijon area from 2020 to 2024. Geospective tools guide this process toward the formulation of two scenarios: one “normative” and the other “exploratory”. These scenarios differ in terms of the types of vegetation added (tall, low), the locations of greening (city center, suburbs, commercial and industrial areas), and the density of the vegetation introduced. The normative scenario increases green areas to cover half of the city with low vegetation and one-quarter with trees. The exploratory scenario is closer to a realistic scenario, built from local urban planning documents (PLUi-HD) and the knowledge of metropolitan agents. It increases Dijon's low vegetation by 80%, proposing green neighborhoods up to 90%. It is characterized by the addition of large areas of low vegetation, while the normative scenario is characterized by an equivalent addition of smaller areas of both tall and low vegetation. The simulation results from Méso-NH coupled with TEB/SURFEX, when compared to the reference, show that the exploratory scenario cools air temperatures by up to -1°C, while the normative scenario leads to a reduction in UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) by up to -2.5°C during the day. The methodology developed thus lays the foundation for a geospective approach to decision-support, generalizable to other territories
Liu, Qiusheng. "Couplage entre forces interfaçiales dans un système multicouche de fluides immiscibles, avec ou sans effet des forces thermogravitionnelles." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX22065.
Full textLegendre, Dominique. "Quelques aspects des forces hydrodynamiques et des transferts de chaleur sur une bulle sphérique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7715/1/legendre1.pdf.
Full textLegendre, Dominique Magnaudet Jacques. "Quelques aspects des forces hydrodynamiques et des transferts de chaleur sur une bulle sphérique." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000655.
Full textBiotteau, Emilie. "Caractérisation d'un milieu poreux réactif soumis à de forts flux de chaleur : application au bois Redwood." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2327.
Full textThe major purpose of this study is a better understanding of mechanisms involved in thermal degradation of porous medium (wood for instance). Numerical and experimental investigations have been carried out. A non linear coupled differential set of equations had to be solved to describe heat and mass transfer, pyrolysis reaction and the induced solid matrix transformation. Inclusion of anisotropy has been performed using 2D-simulation. Two experimental set up have been used to investigate pyrolysis under inert and ambient atmosphere. The reactive zone has been found to be very thin compared to slab length and to propagate into the sample as time proceeds. A pyrolysis front velocity has been defined experimentally and numerically. A detailed analysis of heat and mass transfer in the sample provided an improved understanding of the front propagation mechanism. Heat conduction has been found to play a major role in the heat balance whereas chemical reactions contribution has been shown to be negligible. Under oxidative atmosphere, smoldering combustion occurs at the irradiated surface and has been shown to supply three times more heat than incident heat flux so that pyrolysis starts at lower incident heat fluxes. Inclusion of structure anisotropy leads to a paradox: pyrolysis front propagates more rapidly across than along the fibres (although heat conductivity is lower across than along fibres)
Sharma, Avinash. "Représentation et enregistrement de formes visuelles 3D à l'aide de Laplacien graphe et noyau de la chaleur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860533.
Full textElhajj, Marwa. "Optimisation de systèmes multi-physiques par une approche stochastique : application au domaine de l'hydraulique de forte puissance." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0030.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to develop a new methodology for the calibration and the optimization of multi-physics systems. Given the context in which the work was done, we mainly focused on hydro-electromechanic circuits of heavy goods vehicles, specifically excavators. A new approach is presented in this thesis to calibrate a complex multi-domain system. We applied this approach on two case studies: a theoretical and a real excavator’s hydro-electromechanic circuit. Results concluded that applying this approach was an efficient solution, as it proves its accuracy and efficiency with less amount of computation time. Due to their large application quantities with extremely low efficiency, pollutant emissions, high fuel consumption and oil price, researches on the environment protection and the energy saving of construction machinery, especially hydraulic excavators, have become very necessary and urgent. An overview on the energy saving principles is discussed and then classed based on the type of the energy recovered. Finally, we proposed a new approach to design the energy recovery system. To demonstrate its relevance, we applied this approach on an energy recovery patent. Results concluded that our proposed method proved its accuracy that lead to the most accurate results and the optimal design
Zhu, Jialin. "Sur la formule de recollement de formes de torsion analytique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077085.
Full textIn this thesis we establish a gluing formula of real analytic torsion forms for flat vector bundles on a smooth fibration under certain assumptions. First, we obtain the gluing formula under assumption that a fiberwise Morse function exists. Second, we use the adiabatic method to prove the gluing formula in the case that the fiberwise twisted cohomology groupes of the fibration of cutting hypersurface vanish. In this thesis we assume that the metrics admit product structures near the cutting hypersurface. We also work on the asymptotic expansions of Bergman kernel
Abdou, Joanna. "Plongement de fibrés hermitiens à l'aide du noyau de la chaleur et espaces limites." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10125.
Full textLn this thesis, we consider a vector bundle E over a compact manifold M (with an inner product and an adapted connection) and an operator: the "generalized Laplacian" which is the rough Laplacian with a potential. Then we refer to the frame bundle (a principal bundle) P associated to the vector bundle E. The equivariant functions on P with value in the fiber space correspond to the sections of E. We construct an embedding in a Hilbert space using these equivariant functions and the heat kemel. We also discuss the properties of this embedding, more precisely, the induced metric. We conclude that the embedding is asymptotically an isometry as the time t tends to O. We illustrate the study in a concrete way by studying the case of the Dirac operator. Ln the same context, we generalizesorne heat kemel estimates which lead us to demonstrate a precompacity theorem for a new spectral distance that we define. As aconsequence, we obtain a result of convergence to a limit space, with a certain number of "good properties" related to this convergence
Petit, Johan. "Monocristaux dopés ytterbium et matériaux assemblés pour lasers de fortes puissances." Phd thesis, Paris 6, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001720.
Full textLaithier, Jean-François. "Contribution à l'optimisation des conditions de réalisation de pièces de formes par projection plasma sous faible pression résiduelle d'Argon." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA2052.
Full textHugo, Jean-michel. "Transferts dans les milieux cellulaires à forte porosité : applications à l'optimisation structurale des échangeurs à ailettes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4767/document.
Full textThis work is composed of two parts: the first one deals with the design of fins-and-tubes and metal foam heat exchangers; the second one deals with the relationship between foams morphology and their effective thermophysical properties. The first part is dedicated to Mota heat exchanger performance enhancement. We develop a multi-scale method to optimize both local heat transfer surfaces and global architecture of classical and foam units. We develop, using this method, new heat exchanger and we characterize it numerically and experimentally. An increase of 50% of energetic efficiency is obtained and new geometries are nowadays produced and commercialized. The second part deals with the analysis of transport phenomena in metal foams and the determination of their effectives properties. We develop an approach based on pore scale numerical simulation of conjugate heat transfer – validated by experimental results obtained on set-up developed for this study. We have generated 900 virtual samples obtained by deformation a periodic unit cell (Kelvin cell). Full effective properties tensors are determined. The influence of cell shape and classical geometrical parameters on physical properties is then studied. To conclude, in the last chapter, we present natural perspectives involved by this work: Geometrical optimization of heat exchanger architecture and foams morphology depending on the application; The use of a multi-scale approach to design modern –foam- heat exchangers
Pedon, Emmanuel. "Analyse harmonique des formes différentielles sur l'espace hyperbolique réel." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10226.
Full textWang, Yuqi. "Suivi de l’état de santé des réseaux de distribution de chaleur." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I016.
Full textCompanies managing district heat networks, provide energy services to customers. Faced with rising energy costs and increasingly stringent regulatory and societal pressures, these energy service companies are seeking to control the system energy efficiency, aiming at improving their competitiveness and social image. In this context, the industrial needs to monitor the energy efficiency of the energy distribution system and its health state, in order to perform maintenance operations in case of problems. Due to the large amount of data and the desired short reaction time, it is necessary to develop methods to support the operator in the health state monitoring and in the maintenance decision-making process. These methods aim at providing appropriate health indicators of system's components, whose evolutions are easy to be interpreted by operators. Behavioral models of heat networks are used on the one hand to generate these indicators, and on the other hand to establish the links between component faults and their impacts on energy efficiency of the network. These links are analyzed to search for monitorable subsystems, i.e. to verify whether the faults to be monitored are structurally detectable, and to guide the indicators generation. Static models are retained for their genericity, simplicity of development, of calculation and of interpretation. Indicators generated using static models must be calculated when the system is operating in steady state. For this reason, we propose a method to determine the steady state time-windows. The computed indicators are then analyzed to give to the operator an information on the system's health state. Structural analysis shows that an indicator can be sensitive to different faults, and that a fault can influence the values of several indicators. The evolutions of these indicators can therefore be correlated. In order to use the information of the correlation between the indicators to isolate the fault,indicators values are analyzed in the space of indicators. We propose a dynamic clustering method to help the operator to monitor the health state of the network.The proposed approach is applied on a heat network plant managed by Veolia, the industrial partner of this thesis, using the data recorded during two months. The results show the efficiency of the proposed tools and methods
Dargnat, Frédéric. "Modélisation semi-analytique par approche énergétique du procédé de perçage de matériaux monolithiques." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13216.
Full textNgoungue, Langue Cédric Gacial. "Détection, caractéristiques et prédictibilité des évènements à potentiels forts impacts humains sur les villes ouest-africaines : cas des vagues de chaleur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASJ021.
Full textHeat waves (HWs) are a real threat to humans and their environment. Due to climate change, heat waves will become more frequent and more intense. Climatic conditions in West Africa make the region more vulnerable to heat waves. West African cities are highly populated centers, and when it comes to the impact of heat waves on human activities, it's important to study these events at these scales. This study aims to monitor heat waves in major West African cities and evaluate their predictability in subseasonal to seasonal forecast models. The first part of this work focuses on monitoring heat waves in fifteen cities over West Africa located in coastal and continental regions. Three sources of uncertainty encountered in the heat wave detection process were identified: the first related to reanalysis data, the second to the choice of threshold used to define a heat wave, and the last to the methodology adopted. The inter-annual variability of heat waves in the different regions highlighted particularly hot years with a high frequency of heat wave events for all the three indicators AT, T2m,Tw: 1998, 2005, 2010, 2016, 2019 and 2020, mostly corresponding to El Nino years. The GU region has been more affected by heat waves over the past decade (2012-2020) than the CONT and ATL regions. However, the most persistent and intense heat waves occurred in the CONT region. An increase in the frequency, duration and intensity of heat waves has been observed over the last decade (2012-2020), probably due to global warming acting on extreme events." In the second part of this study, we focused on the predictability aspect of heat waves. A preliminary study of the predictability of heat waves has been carried out for the period 2001-2020 using subseasonal to seasonal forecast models from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO). The forecast models perform better than a reference climatology, particularly for short-term forecasts (up to two weeks) in all the three regions. Nighttime heatwaves are more predictable than daytime heatwaves. According to the FAR values, only 15 to 30% of the predicted heatwave days by the models are actually observed in the reanalyses, respectively for lead weeks 5 and 2. This suggests that the models overestimate the duration of heat waves compared with ERA5 reanalysis. ECMWF issues fewer false alarms than UKMO for short-term forecasts. Although the models show skills to detect heat waves compared to a reference climatology, their ability to forecast the intensity of events remains weak even for a short lead time. The predictability of heat waves was performed using machine learning methods. The BRF model demonstrated better heat wave detection skills than subseasonal forecast models in all the three regions. The BRF model considerably improves heat wave detection in forecast models, but on the other hand it generates a high rate of false alarms. The predictability of heat waves using large-scale predictors such as the Saharan Heat Low (SHL) was investigated using two seasonal forecast models: the fifth version of the European Center Seasonal Forecast Model "SEAS5" and the seventh version of the Météo-France Seasonal Forecast Model "MF7". The models show skills on the representation of the mean seasonal cycle of the SHL and capture some characteristics of its inter-annual variability, such as the warming trend observed during the 2010s. SEAS5 makes a more realistic representation of the climatic trend of the SHL compared to MF7. Using bias correction techniques, the results highlight the capacity of the models to represent the intra-seasonal variability of the SHL. Bias correction helps to improve the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), but the skills of the model remain low for lead times beyond one month
Fontaine, Julien. "Déformation contrôlée d'une membrane par actionnement piézoélectrique : application au refroidissement de composants électriques à forte dissipation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0037/document.
Full textControlling the temperature of components with high thermal dissipation is a constraining factor in their developments, especially in embedded electronic systems. Power density, whether in computing or power electronics, requires the use of ever more efficient cooling systems. This is especially true for microprocessors in which increasingly miniaturization and clock frequency are combined. Consequently, without the adequate cooling, the performance is severely limited and its power consumption increased as well as the failure rate. In this challenging context a consortium of industrial and academic partners created the CANOPEE project. CANOPEE focus is to develop and prove the advantages of a recently patented solution called OnduloTrans. The solution is an exchanger-pump device, ensuring at the same time an excellent heat transfer and the pumping of the coolant. OnduloTrans is an active cooling solution based on the dynamic deformation of a thin wall. This deformation is in the manner of a pseudo travelling wave to satisfy a peristaltic pumping. The device is fixed directly above the component to be cooled, thus the liquid flows on its surface. The enhancement in heat transfer is obtained when the dynamic variations of the channel thickness disturb the boundary layer near the conduction / convection interface. The purpose of this thesis was to study the capability of such active pumping system and to design an integrated actuation solution to move the flexible wall. It will result to experimental tests showing the thermal performance of this solution. The implemented actuation system must respect the constraints for on-board applications, especially compactness and minimal power consumption. The challenge stands in the trade-off between the production of a large amplitude travelling wave and the limited volume available. The manuscript is divided into three parts. Initially, the different actuation solutions will be explored. To do this, the OnduloTrans solution is first described. Then, a state of the art of electromechanical conversion solutions and peristaltic micropumps is undertaken. After that, the specific hydraulic phenomena involved in peristaltic micropumps are discussed to determine the difficulties in the development of such actuation system. Then the two next chapters detail the study of two distinct piezoelectric solutions. A discrete wave piezoelectric solution is presented in the second chapter. It consists of a distribution of flextensional actuators along the flexible wall. A pre-dimensioning methodology based on simple mechanical models is presented. The created wave is very particular, so an analytical method is developed to evaluate the flow rate and making possible to study the impact of the actuator control strategy. This algorithmic method is validated by comparison with finite element numerical simulations. A prototype is finally made with the support of partners. Several tests are then carried out in order to validate the hypotheses and evaluate the preliminary hydraulic and thermal performances of the prototype. The third chapter addresses a continuous travelling wave solution and an actuation system integrated into the membrane. The purpose here is to prove the concept of peristaltic pumping by controlled bending of a plate incorporating a piezoelectric layer. A 1D dimensioning model consisting of piezoelectric segments distributed on the surface is first presented. The distribution of the piezoelectric segments is then the subject of a parametric study to judiciously define their arrangement, in order to maximize the theoretical flow. This parametric study is finally coupled with an optimization of electrical controls, and compared to the experimental results of a prototype
Romestant, Cyril. "Etudes théoriques et expérimentales de caloducs et de thermosiphons soumis à de fortes accélérations." Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130174.
Full textLes différentes limites de fonctionnement sont abordées en détails à partir d'une étude bibliographique importante. Des hypothèses nouvelles sont avancées pour le calcul de la limite sonique.
Au travers d'une vaste étude bibliographique, nous abordons les notions de conductances thermiques dans la zone évaporateur et condenseur du caloduc, que ce soit pour les caloducs ayant une structure capillaire ou pour les thermosiphons à tube lisse. Cette observation minutieuse de la physique interne nous a conduit à examiner, à l'évaporateur, les échanges thermiques à travers des films liquides minces en introduisant la notion de pression de disjonction et de résistance d'évaporation.
D'autre part, un montage expérimental complexe et unique au monde à notre connaissance nous a permis de tester trois caloducs cuivre-méthanol sur une plage de température de [0, 100°C] pour des puissances jusqu'à 1400 W et soumis à des champs d'accélération de 1 à 9 g.
Si une partie des résultats expérimentaux obtenus est conforme à nos attentes, de nombreux comportements restent inexpliqués mais permettent d'orienter les recherches futures pour augmenter la prédictibilité des modèles ou des corrélations sur de vastes gammes d'évolution des paramètres (température, puissance, accélération, fluide, matériau, dimensions, structure capillaire, ...)
Puchol, Martin. "Inégalités de Morse holomorphes G-invariantes et formes de torsion asymptotiques." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC191.
Full textIn this thesis, we study some aspects of the semi-classical lirait in complex geometry. Let M be a complex manifold, endowed with a holomorphic line bundle L and a complex bundle E. We give here the asymptotic properties of several objects associated with the high tensor powers of L, twisted by E. In the first chapter, M is compact, L positive and E non necessarily holomorphic. We prove the cancellation of the first 2j terms in the diagonal asymptotic expansion of the restriction to the (0, 2j)-forms of the Bergman kernel. Then, we give a local formula for the leading coefficients. In the second chapter, M is compact, E holomorphic and a connected compact Lie group acts on M, L and E in a compatible way. We establish asymptotic holomorphic Morse inequalities à la Demailly for the invariant part of the Dolbeault cohomology. To do so, we define the reduction of M under natural hypothesis and give our inequalities in terms of the curvature of the bundle induced by L on this reduction. In the third chapter, E is holomorphic and Mis the total space of a holomorphic fibration with compact fibers. We can then define the holomorphic analytic torsion forms associated with this fibration and the tensor powers of L, twisted by E. We first give an asymptotic formula for these forms. Secondly, we generalize this formula in the case where the powers of L are replaced by the direct image of powers of a line bundle on a bigger manifold. In both cases we have to make positivity assumptions on the line bundle. These results are the family versions of the results of Bismut-Vasserot
Kotchi, Kouadio Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude thermodynamique des liquides métalliques à fortes interactions." Aix-Marseille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX11056.
Full textCocca, Claude. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'un système de diagnostic à deux niveaux : application à la surveillance d'une pompe à chaleur." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD140.
Full textShuai, Xiaoshan. "Transfert thermique convectif en régime laminaire pour des fluides visqueux à forte dépendance thermorhéologique : cas des écoulements stationnaires et pulsés." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD073.
Full textVairet, Thibaut. "Ilot de chaleur, croissance urbaine et climat urbain : simulations sur Dijon Métropole." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH021.
Full textThe urban environment is at the crossroads of two complex systems with different temporalities : climate and society. The urban climate is a modification of the climate caused by the presence of a city. The most successful expression of this climate change by the presence of the city is the phenomenon of Urban Heat Island (UHI). In a global context of adaptation and mitigation to climate change and urban development, this phenomenon of ICU tends to increase, and its health impacts on populations to become more prominent. This work is aimed at improving the knowledge of the impact of urban form and urban development on the intensity of the UCI through the implementation of a decision support tool allowing to integrate urban climate into decision-making processes. To do this, a “ model-dependent ” approach has been adopted. Five urban growth scenarios are based on the same number of housing but correspond to different Local Climate Zones (Grouped individual housing - LCZ 9, Individual group housing - LCZ 6, Low density collective - LCZ 3, Collective - LCZ 2, Dense collective - LCZ 4). These are developed by 2050, based on input data from growth models (MUP-City) and urban climate (Meso-NH / TEB). In order to assess the ability of Meso-NH / TEB to reproduce temperatures in Dijon Métropole, a control simulation, relating to the current city, is previously compared with data from the MUSTARDijon network for the heat wave period from 22 to 26 July 2018. A comparison of the results with the MUSTARDijon textit in situ network shows that the simulated temperatures are spatially and temporally consistent with the observations. The diurnal cycle is correctly modeled as well as urban and rural environments. A significant bias is present at nights in rural areas where temperatures remain high, limiting the intensity of the simulated UI. Compared to the control simulation, for the days (12LT to 18LT), the scenario with LCZs 3 and 2 present warmer temperatures than the scenario with LCZs 9 and 6. The scenarios for which the building percentage is the smallest has the smallest temperature increases. Finally, it would seem thatbuilding, whatever the urban form, on the outskirts of already defined built-up areas, has little impact on their temperature
Remond, Romain. "Approche déterministe du séchage des avivés de résineux de fortes épaisseurs pour proposer des conduites industrielles adaptées." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001132.
Full textPourprix, Bernard. "Contribution à l'histoire de la physique de la matière et des forces au 19ème siècle : La mathematisation des phénomènes de diffusion (matière pondérable, chaleur, électricité)." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10124.
Full textCormerais, Mickaël. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation des transferts thermiques au sein d'un turbocompresseur automobile : application à la simulation du comportement transitoire d'un moteur diesel à forte puissance spécifique." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2046.
Full textIn the field of the automobile propulsion, environmental issues (drastic reduction of greenhouse gases) and diminishing fossil fuels supplies enhance the need of fuel consumption reduction. To reach this goal, it is possible to increase the engine specific power at constant rotational speed (Downsizing). The alteration of the transient performance of the engine is then a limitation of the expected benefits of downsizing. Engine manufacturers try to improve turbocharger matching using simulation code. An analysis of the models included in those codes shows that the turbochargers performance calculations is based on a simple interpolation in the turbochargers maps. The major assumption is in that case that compression and expansion are adiabatic. For high turbocharged engines, experiments on test bench show that this assumption is not acceptable: simulate codes provide then inaccurate results for certain operating points. In this context, this study proposes new methods to experimentally specify and to model heat transfers in turbochargers and evaluates the ncidence of heat transfers in the turbocharger on the engine performances. The experimental set up developed in the laboratory aims to understand and evaluate the repartition of heat transfers in the different parts of the turbocharger and then to propose a model of this repartition. Finally, the influence of heat transfers in the turbocharger of the engine performances is investigated for steady and transient engine running conditions
MANSOURI, KACEM. "Etude theorique et experimentale du transfert de chaleur en regime periodique pour un ecoulement force a plan directeur." Nantes, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NANT2085.
Full textDiette, Christophe. "Measurement and analysis of forced convection phenomena in blade cooling channels." Valenciennes, 2003. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c76547a4-820c-48f8-9717-ced740f0cb38.
Full textEn matière de moteurs d'avion à turbine à gaz, une Température d'Entrée de Turbine (TET) aussi élevée que possible est souhaitée. Augmenter sa valeur permet en effet d'obtenir un rendement thermodynamique plus élevé tout en réduisant le rapport poids-poussée et la consommation spécifique (SFC). Parce que la TET maximum permise est liée aux limites de température supportées par les composants de la turbine, le choix des matériaux et la conception des circuits de refroidissement d'aubes sont cruciaux. Cette recherche rend compte d'une étude expérimentale et numérique sur les cavités internes de refroidissement d'aubes. Des sections de passage différentes sont examinées, en fonction de la région de l'aube à refroidir. Plusieurs paramètres en ce qui concerne les promoteurs de turbulence et les conditions de l'écoulement, sont variés pour définir une solution optimale en termes de transfert de chaleur et pertes de charges. Des simulations numériques sont réalisées pour appuyer l'analyse de l'écoulement. La comparaison de ces résultats avec les mesures aérodynamiques se révèle très satisfaisante. Enfin, des diagrammes sont proposés, pour décrire l'écoulement dans chaque cavité étudiée. De cette étude, il ressort une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes mis en jeu dans les cavités de refroidissement, ainsi qu'une base de données détaillée. Cette dernière est utile pour la validation de codes de calcul et l'optimisation des systèmes de refroidissement
AIT, ALDJET BOUHADEF KHEDIDJA. "Evaporation d'eau entre plaques parallèles humides sous l'effet d'un écoulement d'air en convection forcée : application à l'évaluation des transferts couplés de chaleur et de masse." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2009.
Full textCherief, Wahid. "Etude des ferrofluides et de leurs applications à l'intensification des transferts de chaleur par convection forcée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT102/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the thermal and rheological performances of ferrofluids under magnetic field for an application in cooling systems. The approach consists on macroscopic analysis based on experimental studies. Our approach is focused on three aspects: i) rheology ii) internal forced convection iii) thermal conductivity. We developed different characterization benches. For rheological studies, a magnetic circuit is developed and integrated into rheometer to create magnetic fields reaching 0,8 T. This approach demonstrates the influence of magnetic flux density on the shear forces. Concerning heat transfers, we carried out experimental tests based on the use of a closed loop flow system to study forced convection of ferrofluids with imposed wall flux under magnetic field. This test bench allows us to understand the impact of several parameters related to the configuration of the applied magnetic field on the enhancement of convective heat transfers. To analyze why convective heat transfers are better under magnetic field, we carried out a system for measuring the thermal conductivity. This bench tests allows us to show the effect of temperature and magnetic flux density on this physical property. All these tests are paving the way for new research activities and to the ferrofluids applications in cooling systems
Nganhou, Jean. "Etude des transferts de chaleur et de matiere en convection forcee dans une operation de sechage en lit epais de produits agricoles tropicaux : application aux feves de cacao." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2268.
Full textBulliard-Sauret, Odin. "Étude expérimentale de l'Intensification des transferts thermiques par les ultrasons en convection forcée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI034/document.
Full textThe aim of the study presented in this thesis is to characterize heat transfer enhancement by ultrasound observed along a hot plate in forced convection. These induced hydrodynamic effects in the fluids they cross. The first one is the acoustic cavitation, which can produce strong mechanical effects in liquids. The second one is the acoustic streaming which generates convective flows thanks to viscous dissipation of the acoustic energy. This work helped to highlight the relationship between ultrasound hydrodynamic effects and heat transfer enhancement. Thanks to those results, experimental conditions which allowed ultrasound integration in a heat exchangers, could be determined
Takherist, Djilali. "Structure crustale, subsidence mésozoi͏̈que et flux de chaleur dans les bassins nord-sahariens (Algérie) : apport de la gravimétrie et des données de puits." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20052.
Full textBoukongo, Sotaine Marie Aimé. "Etude des hydrates de gaz sur la marge active de Nankai (Japon) : analyse de données de sismique réflexion 3D et inversion des formes d'onde." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GLOB0002.
Full textThe analysis of 3D seismic reflection data on the Nankai (Japan) active margin showed evidenceof a BSR (bottom simulating reflector) and a double BSR. The BSR is an acoustic impedance contrastat the interface separating sediments rich in gas hydrate, having a high velocity above, and sedimentsrich in free gas, having a low velocity below. The double BSR can be considered as a fossil BSR orcan result from a mixture of gases of different compositions within the sediments. The BSR depth isused to constrain the thermal regime in the 3D box (5 km x 42. 5 km) of the Nankai margin. The heatflow calculated from BSR depths gives values between 20-68 mW/m2. Strong BSR amplitudes arelocalized in the zone where the heat flow is relatively low, and weak BSR amplitudes are localized inthe zone where the heat flow is relatively high. The circulation of warm fluids would perturb theamplitude of BSR. The BSR is absent around the Tokai fault in the slope basin zone, and issometimes discontinuous or absent around the Kodaiba fault in the forearc basin zone. In the forearcbasin where the distribution of the BSR is more important, full waveform inversion results allowed toconfirm the presence of a zone with high velocity above the BSR, which could be due to the presenceof gas hydrate in sediments. Just below the BSR, we find a low velocity zone, which could be due tothe presence of the free gas in sediments. Strong BSR amplitude could be correlated with the presenceof underlaying free gas. The estimated concentration of gas hydrate is lower than 25 %. The meanvolume of gas hydrate calculated is about 85 x 107 m3. The estimated concentration of free gas variesbetween 0. 7 and 8 %. The mean volume of free gas calculated is about 6 x 107 m3. In the study area,we conclude that these concentrations/volumes are enormous but, they cannot constitute aneconomically exploitable reservoir, because gas hydrates are disseminated in the sediments
Youcef-Ali, Sabri. "Etude numérique et expérimentale des séchoirs solaires indirects à convection forcée : Application à la pomme de terre." Valenciennes, 2001. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7db5b7f1-e247-4d7f-9a14-5040200b9cb4.
Full textMeysenc, Luc. "Étude des micro-échangeurs intégrés pour le refroidissement des semi-conducteurs de puissance." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0022.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the cooling of power semiconductors by the use of integrated micro heat exchangers. The heatsink is not placed under the component case but is directly integrated under the silicon chip. Thus, in a first time, electrical, thermal and technological characteristics of power components are renûnded. Two cooling principles hâve been retained : single phase forced convection and two-phase forced convection. Single phase forced convection is studied in the second chapter. The most adéquate corrélations for the calculation of the heat transfer coefficient are extracted from a bibliography review. Then, a conception methodology is established to optimise the heatsink sizes in order to minimise its thermal résistance and the pumping energy. Finally, the validity of the study is checked with measurements realised on single chip prototypes. A similar way is employed to study two-phase forced convection. Two-phase heat transfer, pressure drop and critical heat flux are obtained from a bibliographical review. From thèse instructions, a conception methodology is established, methodology which is also checked by measurements realised on prototypes
Stegehuis, Annemiek. "Summer climate and heatwaves in Europe." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV052/document.
Full textThrough this work I aimed to improve the understanding of the role of land-atmosphere feedbacks and large-scale circulation that lead to warm summer temperatures in Europe. This is challenging due to the scarcity of observations and the uncertainties of parameterized atmospheric processes. I focused on four main issues: 1) How do land-atmosphere feedbacks affect climate projections and their uncertainties? 2) How do different physical parameterizations affect the simulation of extreme heatwaves? 3) How large are the roles of soil moisture and atmospheric circulation in the development of European summer temperature anomalies? And 4) What are the impacts of heat and drought stress on vegetation?Regarding the first question I found that the different partitioning of land heat fluxes between models leads to spatially different warming over Europe in the future. The uncertainty of future climate change was especially high in central Europe, largely due to the uncertainty in heat flux partitioning, while in Southern Europe the models mostly agreed. The use of observation-based sensible heat fluxes allowed to reduce this climate change uncertainty regionally up to 40%.While studying different atmospheric parameterizations for the extreme heatwaves of 2003 and 2010, I found a large temperature spread between the simulations. Compared to observations, temperature was mostly underestimated. Shortwave radiation and precipitation were generally overestimated. I selected a reduced model ensemble of well performing configurations compared to observations, to perform future studies on warm summer temperatures over Europe.The best physics configuration was consequently used to quantify the role of early summer soil moisture and large-scale drivers on summer temperature anomalies. The contribution of soil moisture was up to maximum 1°C during the heatwaves of 2003 and 2010. The contribution of large-scale drivers was larger, reaching up to 3°C in 2003 and up to 6°C in 2010. However, the contribution of early summer soil moisture to the temperature anomalies has been increasing over the last decades over parts of central Europe and Russia, corresponding to the regions with a significant negative trend of soil moisture. Large-scale drivers showed an increasing importance in the Eastern European region.Lastly, I studied the impacts of drought and heat stress on several European forest tree species. I found an overestimation of modeled GPP at a local scale in the Mediterranean region during summer with ORCHIDEE. This indicates that the vegetation model does not well reproduce the complicated consequences of drought stress. To model future, possibly more severe impacts of drought, the model may need to be adapted with drought-specific processes and lagged effects
Chadil, Mohamed-Amine. "Penalty methods for the simulation of fluid-solid interactions with various assemblies of resolved scale particles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0205/document.
Full textThe simulations of multiphase flows at real application scale need models for unclosed terms in macroscopic equations. Particle-Resolved Direct Numerical Simulations using Viscous Penalty Method have been carried out to quantify the interactions between particles of different shapes (spheres, ellipsoids) and the carrier fluid at different regimes (from Stokes to inertial). Two methods have been developed to extract hydrodynamic forcesand heat transfers on immersed boundaries representing the particles. Validations have been conducted for various configuration of particles: from an isolated sphere and spheroid to Face-Centered Cubic to a random arrangement of spheres. A correlation of the Nusselt number for an isolated prolate spheroid past by a uniform flow is proposed
Gaye, Moussa. "Quelques problèmes d'analyse géométrique en géométrie quasi-Riemannienne et d'analyse de stabilité des systèmes à commutation linéaires." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPXX0046.
Full textPieyre, Amanda. "Stabilisation et propagation de flammes pauvres prémélangées dans des conduits de petites dimensions en interaction forte avec les parois." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC053.
Full textThe energy system needs of a few tens of Watts grow as the demand for reducedsize portable devices grows. Combustion energy conversion remains the most efficient process per kilogram transported. However, the stabilization of low-power flames in confined environments remains a challenge because the thermal exchanges between the flame and the outside are very important compared to the power of the flame and condition the capacity of the system to produce energy in a continuous and stable way. The thesis work proposed here studies the properties of a methane flame in a 5 mm diameter tube and the heat exchanges with the environment. It is shown experimentally using innovative diagnostics and numerically that under certain conditions, the flame loses its symmetry and can move according to heat exchanges. This work also explores the possibility of assisting the flame by coupling it to a microwave plasma
Bouchenafa, Rachid. "Etude numérique de la convection forcée turbulente dans un dissipateur thermique composé de plusieurs rangées d'ailettes de différentes formes." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BELF0294/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present an numerical study of turbulent forced convection in a heat sink provided with a transverse baffle in the bypass. The first model is composed of plates fins and the second consists of adding pin fins between the plates fins. The governing equations, based on the k- SSt turbulence model, are disscredized and solved by the finite volume method and the SIMPLE algorithm. Dynamic results are presented in terms of velocity fields, profiles of the axial velocities in selected sections and pressure drop. The thermal study is presented in terms of temperature fields and the distribution of Nusselt number. A ratio between the thermal and dynamic performances is presented to evaluate the different heat sinks
Ferragh, Omar. "Etude du transfert de chaleur et de masse dans un écoulement d'air entre deux plaques parallèles en présence d'un ruissellement d'eau : Application aux réfrigérants industriels." Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4aad8950-0f32-46d7-9276-1f08fd498651.
Full textStegehuis, Annemiek. "Summer climate and heatwaves in Europe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV052.
Full textThrough this work I aimed to improve the understanding of the role of land-atmosphere feedbacks and large-scale circulation that lead to warm summer temperatures in Europe. This is challenging due to the scarcity of observations and the uncertainties of parameterized atmospheric processes. I focused on four main issues: 1) How do land-atmosphere feedbacks affect climate projections and their uncertainties? 2) How do different physical parameterizations affect the simulation of extreme heatwaves? 3) How large are the roles of soil moisture and atmospheric circulation in the development of European summer temperature anomalies? And 4) What are the impacts of heat and drought stress on vegetation?Regarding the first question I found that the different partitioning of land heat fluxes between models leads to spatially different warming over Europe in the future. The uncertainty of future climate change was especially high in central Europe, largely due to the uncertainty in heat flux partitioning, while in Southern Europe the models mostly agreed. The use of observation-based sensible heat fluxes allowed to reduce this climate change uncertainty regionally up to 40%.While studying different atmospheric parameterizations for the extreme heatwaves of 2003 and 2010, I found a large temperature spread between the simulations. Compared to observations, temperature was mostly underestimated. Shortwave radiation and precipitation were generally overestimated. I selected a reduced model ensemble of well performing configurations compared to observations, to perform future studies on warm summer temperatures over Europe.The best physics configuration was consequently used to quantify the role of early summer soil moisture and large-scale drivers on summer temperature anomalies. The contribution of soil moisture was up to maximum 1°C during the heatwaves of 2003 and 2010. The contribution of large-scale drivers was larger, reaching up to 3°C in 2003 and up to 6°C in 2010. However, the contribution of early summer soil moisture to the temperature anomalies has been increasing over the last decades over parts of central Europe and Russia, corresponding to the regions with a significant negative trend of soil moisture. Large-scale drivers showed an increasing importance in the Eastern European region.Lastly, I studied the impacts of drought and heat stress on several European forest tree species. I found an overestimation of modeled GPP at a local scale in the Mediterranean region during summer with ORCHIDEE. This indicates that the vegetation model does not well reproduce the complicated consequences of drought stress. To model future, possibly more severe impacts of drought, the model may need to be adapted with drought-specific processes and lagged effects
Ferraz, Bastos José Luis. "Extension de la méthode nodale à la modélisation des transferts couples conduction/convection dans un canal : application à la thermique du bâtiment et aux cartes électroniques." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2310.
Full textWatel, Barbara. "Etude des échanges convectifs sur un cylindre aileté en rotation, soumis a un courant d'air parallèle aux ailettes." Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/29267151-660f-45b9-af69-34482a8dce42.
Full textBen, Hassine Nidhal. "Etude numérique d'un écoulement forcé dans un canal horizontal dont la partie inférieure est constituée de boues assimilées à un matériau poreux." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0021/document.
Full textThe drying of sewage sludge is a current environmental problem, not sufficiently described in the literature. Hence, the aim of this work is a numerical study of heat and mass transfers during solar drying of residual sludge. This sludge is assimilated to a porous medium and exposed to a forced convection laminar flow within a horizontal channel. The transfers in the channel and the porous medium are respectively described by the classic equations of forced convection and the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model. The implicit finite difference method is used to discretize the governing differential equation system. The algebraic systems obtained are solved using the Gauss, Thomas and Gauss-Seidel algorithms. To determine the drying rate, we associate a drying kinetics model. This model is based on the concept of the characteristic curve. We particularly studied the effects of climatic conditions (temperature, velocity and relative humidity of the ambient air as well as the solar radiation intensity) and the conditions relating to the sludge on the spatio-temporal evolutions of the transfers characteristic numbers as well as on drying kinetics. This work is completed by simulations using meteorological data from the Tataouine region in southern Tunisia. These data were statistically processed using the Liu and Jordan method to determine the typical day of each month. The rentability study of the dryer show that the summer period is the optimum period for drying
Tazout, Hafida. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de la condensation de mélanges non-azéotropiques à l'intérieur d'un tube lisse horizontal." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10091.
Full textBasecq, Vincent. "Développement d’un mur capteur-stockeur solaire pour le chauffage des bâtiments à très basse consommation d’énergie." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS013/document.
Full textUse of renewable energy is a necessary way to fight global warming and to anticipate scarcity of raw materials. The solar/storage wall used in buildings with lower energy consumption meets this evolution to renewable energy sources. In this thesis, solar energy is stored in a phase charge material (PCM), which provides latent storage. The latent storage is higher than sensible storage in usual building materials. This energy is restored to indoor air, by circulation and heating of inlet air through the wall storage element. In this thesis work, the solar storage wall was developed, based on previous published works dealing with similar systems. An experiment has been carried out with the solar storage integrated in a small wood building with a high insulation. The solar energy recovered by the wall reaches 2 kWh.m-2.day-1 and 1,5 kWh.day-1 was restored to air. In a second experiment, a prototype was developed to be used in controlled laboratory conditions. Special attention was given to PCM temperature measures to analyze the PCM thermal behavior. Two phenomena were observed: (i) liquid phase recovering solid phase, (ii) temperature homogenization in liquid phase. The PCM thermal behavior depends on interactions between three energetic flows: the charge flow (solar energy recovered), the restored flow (energy restored to the inlet air) and a vertical flow created by the liquid phase recovering. Furthermore, a numerical dynamic model for the solar storage wall was developed. It is based on a finite volume approach. This model simulates: (i) the ground effect in a solar wall, (ii) the thermal energy storage and phase changes, and (iii) heat recovery energy to air inlet. Numerical results were compared to experimental values. The model was validated for air temperature for daily cycle defined with a charge period (during sunning) and a continue air heating. The difference between numerical values and experimental values are lower than 0.6°C in mean temperature, and 10% in energy. This difference is lower than measurement uncertainties and energy calculation error margins. So the model is valeted and can be coupled with the dynamic thermal simulation code: TRNSYS
Muhr, Laurence. "Étude du procédé de fabrication des graisses au lithium complexe." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL151N.
Full textMeynet, Yannick. "Etude expérimentale des écoulements de Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille en entrefer encoché : Application aux machines électriques automobiles." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0001.
Full textThe present work aimed to experimentally study the flow and heat transfer in a configuration corresponding to the gap of an automotive electrical motor (a thin airlayer between the rotating (rotor) and stationary (stator) parts.) Two rotor geometries are studied: one cylindrical and the other one with four slots which reproduce a synchronous motor used in automotive traction. An axial flow is superimposed to the rotation flow thanks to a ventilation system. The two most important parameters are axial Reynolds number and rotational Reynolds number. Velocity measurements are performed by PIV and heat transfer by infrared thermography coupled with heated thin foils. A complex counter rotational vortex flow has been recorded in the slots. Moreover, this slot flow seems to interact with the pole flow in the inlet region. This interaction seems to disappear rapidly after entrance area. Heat transfer rate is 3D, with great differences between the two slots faces and the pole. Classically, heat transfer rate grows with increasing axial Reynolds number. The relation between heat transfer rate and rotation Reynolds number is more complex