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Journal articles on the topic 'Fortification architecture'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Denman, Derek S. "On fortification: Military architecture, geometric power, and defensive design." Security Dialogue 51, no. 2-3 (2019): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967010619889470.

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Fortification calls to mind images of high walls establishing clear lines between inside and outside and immobilizing enemies. However, even the most seemingly inert fortifications rely on subtle forms of mobility and more elaborate spatial relations. This article examines fortification as a technique of power in which warfare, the design of the built environment, and the organization of space are intertwined. Where research on fortification tends to emphasize the symbolic, sovereign aspirations of wall-building, the approach advanced here focuses on the spatial technologies and infrastructura

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2

Mahoney, Daniel. "Settlement Patterns and Fortification Architecture in the Central Highlands of Yemen." Journal of Islamic Archaeology 5, no. 2 (2019): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jia.33381.

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Borodovsky, A. P. "Sections of the Early 18th Century Ditch at Fort Umrevinsky." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 49, no. 1 (2021): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2021.49.1.094-100.

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This article describes identified sections of an early 18th century ditch at Fort Umrevinsky in the Upper Ob Basin. Such protective structures mark a certain stage in the evolution of military engineering in the era of Peter the Great (1694–1725) in southwestern Siberia. The design of the earliest parts of the preserved ditches allows us to address the influence of European fortification on Early Modern Russian defensive architecture. Several factors affecting the depth and profile of early 18th century ditches at Umrevinsky are discussed. They include seasonality of specialized trenching tool

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Hronová Šafářová, Lucie. "Compositional development of spaces related to the fortification of cities from the point of view of garden art and landscape architecture." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 60, no. 8 (2012): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201260080087.

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The article deals with the specific urban and suburban spaces where landscape design and garden art were confronted with existing or later disappearing fortification system. It analyses structures related to the landscape architecture from the baroque and classical times to the era of the pseudohistorical style, from the end of the 17th century to the end of the 19th century, with special interest devoted to the less known historical forms of the 18th century and their development. Using detailed historical maps and plans, the research reveals elements of landscape architecture in smaller or l

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Díez Oronoz, Aritz. "LA LÓGICA ARQUITECTÓNICA DE LA FORTIFICACIÓN ITALIANA: UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE LA GEOMETRÍA Y LA FORMA." Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, no. 22 (2020): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2020.i22.07.

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Leshchenko, Nellya, and Valeriі Tovbych. "Revived degraded monuments of fortification architecture - potential for the historical small towns development." Budownictwo i Architektura 19, no. 1 (2020): 047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.906.

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This article proposes a strategy for the revival of degraded monuments of fortification architecture as a source of the future small historical towns development in general and the improvement of their inhabitants life quality. The recommendations on how to adapt them to cultural and tourist clusters are discussed in detail in the project of Klevan Castle revival.

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Lindblom, Michael, Rebecca Worsham, and Claire Zikidi. "Preliminary report of the Malthi Archaeological Project, 2015–2016." Opuscula. Annual of the Swedish Institutes at Athens and Rome 11 (November 2018): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30549/opathrom-11-02.

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This article offers preliminary results and tentative interpretations of new work at the previously excavated settlement of Malthi in Messenia, south-west Pelopponese. The work included an intensive survey of the site architecture, as well as test excavations of spaces within and outside of the fortification wall. We propose updated observations on the chronology and phasing of the site based on pottery dates from the new excavation and comment on the preserved architecture as it compares to other settlements of the period. The settlement appears to have been first inhabited in the second half

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NAKASHIMA, Tomoaki. "INFLUENCE OF FRENCH MANUAL BOOK OF FORTIFICATION, COURS ÉLÉMENTAIRE DE FORTIFICATION BY NICOLAS-PIERRE-ANTOINE SAVART ON GORYOKAKU DESIGN." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 26, no. 64 (2020): 1225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.26.1225.

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9

Curcic, Slobodan. "Visible and invisible aspects of building the fortified palace of Smederevo and its historical significance." Zbornik radova Vizantoloskog instituta, no. 50-2 (2013): 835–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zrvi1350835c.

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The remains of the fifteenth-century fortification of Smederevo, the last capital of the Serbian Medieval state, are among the most impressive remnants of Late Medieval architecture in the Balkans. Despite the attention given to the complex in scholarship, many of its visible and invisible aspects still remain unresolved and deserve further investigation.

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Bakhodir, Dedakhanov. "Formation And Development Of Military Architecture In Fergana (Antiquity, Early Middle Ages)." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (2021): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.480.

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The article reveals the problem of the development of military architecture in the territory of ancient Fergana, based on the long-term research of archaeologists of Uzbekistan. It identifies the main factors that have contributed to the improvement of this architecture. In each separately taken historical period, starting from the Bronze Age, the author defines the characteristic features of the fortification architecture of Fergana cities based on specific examples. At the same time, a comparative analysis with neighboring historical and cultural regions (Sogd and Khorezm) is performed, and

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Zhou, Zi Chun, and Hong Gang Lei. "Seismic Analysis of a High Rise Antique-Style Pagoda with Steel Reinforced Concrete Composite Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 851 (August 2016): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.851.733.

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In this paper, we analyze the dynamic and seismic performance of a high rise antique-style pagoda by using the response spectrum analysis and the time history analysis method, which are implemented in finite element software. The result of our system can provide a reference to the structural designer to ensure the structure of such architecture meets the seismic fortification requirements.

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Bzhezovska, Nataliya. "FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF FORTIFICATIONS OF CASTLE STRUCTURES ON THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF SMALL CITIES IF THE PODILLYA OFTHE XVI-XVII CENTURIES." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 60 (April 26, 2021): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.60.177-188.

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The article examines the evolution of the castle fortifications, which for each region and historical period had their own characteristic features and their relationship with the planning structure of small towns in Podillya. The features of the formation of fortification systems, which influenced the architectural and planning structure of the cities of Podillya at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries, are revealed. The castle`s fortification and fortification system of the cities of Berezhany, Zhovkva, Brody, Stanislav, Zbarazh, Medzhybozh and others are considered. Attention is paid to the pe

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Pishchulina, V., and A. Argun. "The spatial byzantium culture in the North-East Black Sea coastal area fortification architecture." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (December 18, 2019): 033037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/698/3/033037.

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Zerda, Adam S., and Alan J. Lesser. "Characteristics of antiplasticized thermosets: Effects of network architecture and additive chemistry on mechanical fortification." Polymer Engineering and Science 44, no. 11 (2004): 2125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.20218.

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Dechert, Michael S. A. "The Military Architecture of Francesco di Giorgio in Southern Italy." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 49, no. 2 (1990): 161–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990475.

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The role of Francesco di Giorgio (1439-1501) in developing the forms of artillery fortification marking the transition from late medieval defenses to the mature bastioned forts of the 16th century is becoming clearer as additional research has enhanced our knowledge of the chronology of his interventions, the maturation of design elements, and the interlocking personal, institutional, and political factors in his work for the Aragonese Kingdom of Naples. These efforts by Francesco di Giorgio and his associates focused on Naples, Otranto, Gallipoli, Taranto, Manfredonia, Monte Sant'Angelo, Regg

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Marten, Bettina. "Fortification in Focus - Mathematical Methods in Military Architecture of the 16th and 17th Centuries and their Sublimation in Civil Architecture." Nexus Network Journal 11, no. 2 (2009): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-009-0094-5.

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Luengo, Pedro. "Transcultural Fights: Fortification in Southeast Asian Seas during the Eighteenth Century." Journal of Early Modern History 23, no. 1 (2019): 29–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342628.

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Abstract Defensive architecture in Southeast Asian port cities during the eighteenth century is a topic never addressed from a transnational perspective. This paper aims to analyze it as a phenomenon of scientific transfer, considering fortifications as a remarkable example of “open air science.” First, it shows the complex situation among antagonistic powers in the Malay and South China seas. From here, it aims to identify the connections between Dutch and Spanish proposals in the area. One model focused on protecting sea routes, while the other was more concerned about maintaining territoria

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Verma, Vipin K., Salma Malik, Ekta Mutneja, et al. "Mechanism Involved in Fortification by Berberine in CDDP-Induced Nephrotoxicity." Current Molecular Pharmacology 13, no. 4 (2020): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467213666200220142202.

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Background: The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has been shown to protect against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress. Berberine (Ber), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities in various experimental models. Aim: To check the effect of Ber on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to explore the involved mechanism. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Normal, cisplatin-control, treatment groups and per se group. Normal saline and Ber (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered to ra

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Garrigou Grandchamp, Pierre. "Fortification et construction en pierre â Winterthur au XIIIe siècle." Bulletin Monumental 160, no. 4 (2002): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bulmo.2002.1167.

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Marotta, Anna, Ursula Zich, and Martino Pavignano. "Fortification Design and Geometry in the Papers of Gaspare Beretta." Nexus Network Journal 22, no. 1 (2019): 169–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00004-019-00449-0.

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21

Negbi, Ora. "Levantine Elements in the Sacred Architecture of the Aegean at the Close of the Bronze Age." Annual of the British School at Athens 83 (November 1988): 339–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400020797.

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Two cult structures from Mycenae and from a sanctuary recently discovered at Phylakopi, on the island of Melos, shed a new light on the sacred architecture of the Aegean at the close of the Bronze Age. This paper suggests that the edifices of both these sites should be classified as popular places of worship. This suggestion is based on their location, layout and size as well as on their foreign architectural affinities. The Phylakopi sanctuary, located against the fortification wall of the town, consists of a major temple to which a subsidiary shrine is attached. The pair of adjacent structur

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22

Trebeleva, Galina, Konstantin Glazov, Andrey Kizilov, Suram Sakania, Vladlen Yurkov, and Gleb Yurkov. "Roman Fortress Pitiunt: 3D-Reconstruction of the Monument Based on the Materials of Archaeological Research and Geological Paleoreconstructions." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (2021): 4814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114814.

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The present study examined the references in the works of ancient authors to the ancient city and the Roman fortress Pitiunt, the geological aspects of the formation of the coastline in the Pitsunda Cape area in the first centuries AD and the results of archaeological research of the monument performed from 1952 to 1974. The creation of the 3D reconstruction of the exterior of the Pitiunt fortress during its prosperity in the IV century AD, along with the churches which were the first monuments of religious architecture in northwestern Colchis (northwestern Colchis comprises parts of the terri

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23

Shachar, Uri Zvi. "Enshrined Fortification: A Trialogue on the Rise and Fall of Safed." Medieval History Journal 23, no. 2 (2020): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945819895898.

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The study of castles has formed a major part of crusade historiography since its inception in the early nineteenth century. Fortification has been taken to represent the magnificence of the efforts to rule the Holy Land and the battle between Christianity and Islam. Recently, however, scholars have recognised that, inasmuch as castles were celebrated as the epitomes of resilience and hostility, military architecture was far more dialogical than previously noticed. The design of castles involved a highly nuanced familiarity with the culture from which they were intended to defend. This article

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Bjelic, Igor, and Emilija Nikolic. "From an element to a composition: Reconstruction of a vault of terracotta tubes from Timacum Minus, Serbia." Starinar, no. 70 (2020): 173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta2070173b.

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The renewal of the archaeological excavations of Timacum Minus in 2019 initiated extensive analyses and an additional interpretation of the results of previous excavations of its buildings. One of the buildings outside the fortification has attracted special attention, because of both its constructive solutions and its dimensions. Although the archaeological research of ?the building with a hypocaust? has never been completed, there are enough discovered segments that indicate the applied building techniques and constructions. In addition to under-floor and wall heating systems, this building

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25

Gil Crespo, Ignacio, Miguel Bru Castro та David Gallego Valle. "Fortified Construction Techniques in al-Ṭagr al-Awsaṯ, 8th–13th Centuries". Arts 7, № 4 (2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts7040055.

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Spanish Islamic military architecture shows an attempt at the systematization of works, techniques, and defensive elements, commencing in the era of the Umayyad Emirate and Caliphate up to the North African Empires (Almoravids and Almohads). This article presents an analysis of the constructive techniques and systems employed in the fortified architecture in al-Ṭagr al-Awsaṯ; that is, the Medium Frontier Territory of al-Andalus, called Marca Media, between the 8th and 13th centuries. The fortification of the borders was an objective of the Umayyad Emirate and Caliphate, as well as of the new k

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Mesqui, Jean. "La fortification des Croisés au temps de Saint Louis au Proche-Orient." Bulletin Monumental 164, no. 1 (2006): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bulmo.2006.1315.

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Štukovnik, P., J. P. Grom, M. Marinšek, and V. Bokan Bosiljkov. "Mineralogical Characterization of Historical Cement-based Mortars from the Rupnik Military Fortification Line." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 14, no. 7 (2020): 1030–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15583058.2020.1745320.

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Narvselius, Eleonora. "Demonized, domesticated, virtualized: fortification buildings as a case of Prussian heritage in present-day Kaliningrad." Nationalities Papers 46, no. 3 (2018): 400–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1374938.

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The article explores ways in which the nineteenth-century Prussian military architecture has been used and promoted as a part of the local heritage in the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad. Accommodation of the old fortification buildings to tourism and museum work has been publicly discussed since the beginning of the 2000s, but neither local nor federal authorities have proposed a plan to adapt them to non-military purposes. As a result, these structures, which are protected by federal heritage laws and uniformly built of characteristic red bricks, have become an arena for various initiatives,

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Gros, A., K. Jacquot, and T. Messaoudi. "KNOWLEDGE-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR AUTOMATIC SEMANTISATION AND RECONSTRUCTION OF MILITARY ARCHITECTURE ON CITY-SCALE MODELS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W9 (January 31, 2019): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-369-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The scale models of fortified towns belonging to the <i>Plans-Reliefs</i> collection are exceptional witnesses of the formation of the French territory. The aim of the URBANIA project is the valorisation and the diffusion of this heritage through the creation of virtual models. The town scale model of Strasbourg at 1<span class="thinspace"></span>:<span class="thinspace"></span>600 currently exhibited in the Historical Museum of Strasbourg was selected as a case study. We develop and experiment an automatic pro

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E.V., Kilimnik. "THE INTERNATIONAL FORM IN THE WORLD OF THE WORLD OF THE WEST EUROPE AND FORTIFICATION ART OF THE CRUSADERS IN THE MIDDLE EAST OF THE XIth AND XIIIth CENTURY." Global problems of modernity 1, no. 7 (2020): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2713-2048-2020-1-7-4-16.

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The main purpose of the study is to conduct architectural and historical analysis of the formation of medieval feudal castles as a phenomenon of chivalrous culture of Europe and the Middle East. The task of the study is to analyze the general and special in the evolution of forms in the castle architecture of Western Europe and the Jerusalem medieval kingdom. Creation of architectural and historical typology of castle forms that existed in the regions of medieval Western Europe and the Levant. In the course of the analysis of the formation of Middle Eastern castle complexes of the 12th - 13th

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Хилько, Н. Ф. "Integration of Historical Images–Reconstructions into the Infrastructure of the Recreated Fortification Complexes (On the Example of the Abalak Field Festival)." Nasledie Vekov, no. 2(26) (June 30, 2021): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36343/sb.2021.26.2.005.

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Цель исследования – выявление потенциала интеграции исторических образов-реконструкций в инфраструктуру воссозданного объекта оборонного зодчества на примере фестиваля «Абалакское поле» (Тюменская область). Привлечены фактографические данные и фотоматериалы,выявленные в сети Интернет, результаты научных изысканий историков архитектуры, культурологов и искусствоведов, связанные с проблематикой исторической реконструкции объектов архитектуры и архитектурно-исторической среды. Исследована инфраструктура комплекса «Абалакская крепость», выделены ее локусы (компоненты), определены исторические обра

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Athanasoulis, Demetrios, Xeni Simou, and Theodora Zirogianni. "Historical imprints and virtual representation issues in Mid-Byzantine Acrocorinth Castle." Virtual Archaeology Review 8, no. 17 (2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/var.2017.5959.

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Fortified architecture of medieval times in Greece is a research field with several challenges for the scholars such as the absent of plans and written sources. The current study investigates how digital documentation methods can contribute to the extraction of archaeological information from the actual material sources -the various building traces. This relation between survey and interpretation will be presented through the case of Acrocorinth Castle. The survey of a smaller area of the fortification between the 2nd and 3rd defence line of Acrocorinth was executed in order to create a three

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Sang Tran, Tuan, Naba Dutta, and Namita Roy Choudhury. "Graphene-Based Inks for Printing of Planar Micro-Supercapacitors: A Review." Materials 12, no. 6 (2019): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12060978.

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Micro-supercapacitors have recently emerged as promising microscale power sources for portable and wearable microelectronics. However, most reported planar micro-supercapacitors suffer from low energy density and the complexity of fabrication, which calls for their further development. In recent years, the fortification of graphene has enabled the dramatic improvement of planar micro-supercapacitors by taking full advantage of in-plane interdigital architecture and the unique features of graphene. The development of viable printing technologies has also provided better means for manufacturing,

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Štrmelj, David. "Novi prilozi proučavanju kaštela Sv. Mihovila na otoku Ugljanu." Ars Adriatica, no. 5 (January 1, 2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/ars.930.

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The fort of St Michael on the island of Ugljan, situated on the exceptionally advantageous strategic site of the hill bearing the same name, had a significant role with regard to the control of the maritime section of the Zadar commune throughout its history. Although the same site must have been occupied by a fort already in the late antiquity, the present-day fort is very significant because it represents a relatively rare and a reasonably well preserved monument of medieval fortification architecture in the region. The main aim of this article is to publish the new visual material in order

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Cormack, Lesley B., and Martha Pollak. "Military Architecture, Cartography, and the Representation of the Early Modern City. A Checklist of Treatises on Fortification in the Newberry Library." Sixteenth Century Journal 25, no. 2 (1994): 470. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2542940.

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Cormack, Lesley B., and Martha Pollak. "Military Architecture, Cartography, and the Representation of the Early Modern City. A Checklist of Treatises on Fortification in the Newberry Library." Sixteenth Century Journal 25, no. 2 (1994): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2542981.

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V. Seevers, Boyd, A. Streckert, Katherine, and A. Hassler, Mark. "A Monumental Fortification Tower and Militaria: Late Hellenistic and Early Roman Military Architecture and Equipment Discovered at Khirbet el-Maqatir, Israel." In the Highland's Depth, no. 10 (2020): 37*—69*. http://dx.doi.org/10.26351/ihd/10-1/7.

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Wescoat Jr., James L., and Smita Rawoot. "Blue-green urban infrastructure in Boston and Bombay (Mumbai): a macro-historical geographic comparison." ZARCH, no. 15 (January 27, 2021): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_zarch/zarch.2020154857.

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This study offers a macro-historical geographic comparison of blue-green urban infrastructure in the coastal cities of Boston, USA and Mumbai (formerly Bombay), India. After introducing the aims and methods of comparative historical geography, we focus on the insights that these two cases offer. Their stories begin with ancient coastal fishing settlements, followed by early processes of urbanization and fortification in the 17th century. By the late-18th century Anglo-American merchants in Boston were trading with Parsi merchants in Bombay, at a time when Bostonians had little more to sell tha

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Harvey, P. D. A., and Martha D. Pollak. "Military Architecture, Cartography and the Representation of the Early Modern European City: A Checklist of Treatises on Fortification in the Newberry Library." Geographical Journal 160, no. 2 (1994): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3060120.

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Polyakov, Е. N., and M. I. Korzh. "FORMATION OF FORTIFICATION ART IN ANCIENT EAST COUNTRIES." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 21, no. 4 (2019): 94–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-4-94-124.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of fortification art monuments in such East countries from Ancient Egypt to medieval China. An attempt is made to identify the main stages of the fortification development from a stand-alone fortress (citadel, fort) to the most complex systems of urban and border fortifications, including moats, walls and gates, battle towers. It is shown that the nature of these architectural structures is determined by the status of the city or settlement, its natural landscape, building structures and materials, the development of military and engineering art. The

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Millán-Millán, Pablo Manuel, and José Miguel Fernández-Cuadros. "Heritage Sustainability of the Territory: Photogrammetric Survey of the Castle of Beas de Segura (Jaén, Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (2021): 9834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179834.

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Beas de Segura is an ancient village located in the valley of the Sierra de Segura, at the gateway to the Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas (Jaén, Spain). This territory has been inhabited by different cultures, from the Palaeolithic to the present day, giving rise to a complex urban fabric in which relevant architectural and archaeological elements still survive. The coexistence of these heritage structures with the inhabited domestic architecture has generated significant conflicts of coexistence, resulting in an accelerated process of physical and social deterioration of this increasin

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McCool, Weston C. "COPING WITH CONFLICT: DEFENSIVE STRATEGIES AND CHRONIC WARFARE IN THE PREHISPANIC NAZCA REGION." Latin American Antiquity 28, no. 3 (2017): 373–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2017.28.

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Warfare was a prevalent phenomenon throughout the Andes during the Late Intermediate period (LIP; AD 1000–1450). A salient research topic within broader investigations of conflict is how populations cope with chronic warfare. This article utilizes statistical and GIS-based analyses of architectural features and settlement patterns to reconstruct defensive coping mechanisms among groups living in 15 fortified settlements in the Nazca region of Peru. This research evaluates how populations deployed artificial defenses (fortifications), natural defensibility, and settlement placement to best prot

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Vega, Margaret Brown, Nathan M. Craig, Brendan J. Culleton, Douglas J. Kennett, and Gerbert Asencios Lindo. "AMS Radiocarbon Dates from Prehispanic Fortifications in the Huaura Valley, Central Coast of Perú." Radiocarbon 55, no. 1 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_js_rc.v55i1.16047.

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In this paper, we report 11 AMS radiocarbon dates from 8 Prehispanic fortifications located in the Huaura Valley, central coast of Perú. Small fragments of organic material embedded in preserved mud mortar in architecture, and samples from construction layers exposed by looter's holes were used to date architectural features without undertaking extensive excavations. These dates contribute toward refining the chronology of fort building in the valley, and provide a test for assumptions about temporal change and architectural style. The results indicate that fortifications date to at least 3 pe

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Vega, Margaret Brown, Nathan M. Craig, Brendan J. Culleton, Douglas J. Kennett, and Gerbert Asencios Lindo. "AMS Radiocarbon Dates from Prehispanic Fortifications in the Huaura Valley, Central Coast of Perú." Radiocarbon 55, no. 01 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200047767.

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In this paper, we report 11 AMS radiocarbon dates from 8 Prehispanic fortifications located in the Huaura Valley, central coast of Perú. Small fragments of organic material embedded in preserved mud mortar in architecture, and samples from construction layers exposed by looter's holes were used to date architectural features without undertaking extensive excavations. These dates contribute toward refining the chronology of fort building in the valley, and provide a test for assumptions about temporal change and architectural style. The results indicate that fortifications date to at least 3 pe

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Silva, Luiza Da. ""Tratado da arquitetônica ou arquitetura militar, ou fortificação das praças": linguagens de defesa - de uma dimensão celestial a Vitrúvio * "Treatise on architecture, or military architecture, or squares' fortification": defense languages - from a celestial dimension to Vitruvius." História e Cultura 7, no. 2 (2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v7i2.2678.

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O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a produção de conhecimento acerca da defesa através de um manual de Arquitetura Militar escrito em língua portuguesa, na primeira metade do século XVIII. Trata-se do “Tratado da Arquitetônica, ou Arquitetura Militar, ou Fortificação das Praças”, de autoria desconhecida e com a datação identificada como sendo aproximadamente do ano de 1705. Para tanto, propomos a descrição geral da obra, a demonstração da argumentação bíblica e da vitruviana, para depois nos deter sobre as regras (as “máximas”) que permitem observar o modo como os argumentos a respeito d

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Shopina, E., M. Markova, and A. Blagireva. "ARCHITECTURAL APPEARANCE OF THE FORTRESSES OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH." Technical Aesthetics and Design Research 1, no. 2 (2020): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2687-0878-2019-1-2-36-44.

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Russian defense architecture, characterized by its uniqueness, is a heritage of Russian culture, includes images of towers and walls, and embodies the embodiment of progressive ideas of the Russian people, their traditional views, labor and heroic deeds. Elements of fortifications have their own distinctive features and are divided depending on them into types and types. The object of the study is the features of structures, distinctive features, functionality and device of defense structures of the Russian North.  As a result of the study, the authors conclude that the historical

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Grigorev, Andrei. "Forts as a type of defensive structures on the example of fortifications of the remote chora of Chersonesus." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 9 (September 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.9.33793.

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This article reviews the monuments of ancient fortification, which historically belonged to the remote chora of Chersonesus since the late IV century BC. Among them, the author highlights the urban and rural settlements that featured various defensive structures. This factor is associated with a wide territorial expansion of Chersonesus in the territory North-Western Crimea. The interpretation of some monuments remains controversial due to the absence of meticulous analysis of the functions of certain constructs and planning structures of the fortified settlements. The role of the fortified se

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Ousterhout, Robert, and Dmitry Shvidkovsky. "Kievan Rus’." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 17, no. 1 (2021): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2021-17-1-51-67.

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Robert Ousterhout, the author of a magnificent book “Eastern Medieval Architecture. The Building Traditions of Bizantium and Neighboring Lands”, published by Oxford University Press in 2019, the remarkable scholar and generous friend, was so kind to mention in his C. V. on the sight of Penn University (Philadelphia, USA) that he had been the Visiting professor of the Moscow architectural Institute (State Academy), as well as simulteniously of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, but he did not say that he had been awarded the degree of professor honoris causa by the academic council of MARHI. U

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Małachowicz, Anna. "Reconstruction of the tower in defensive walls in Świebodzice." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900070.

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Fortification of Świebodzice, as presented in the eighteenthcentury drawings of Friedrich Bernhard Wernher, comprised one ring of walls, three gates in the form of towers with a passage on the ground floor, a rectangular gatehouse matching the height of the adjacent wall, and at least 8 rectangular towers. The entire fortification was surrounded by a moat. These architectural forms are in accordance with the oldest view over the city presented in the seventeenth-century oil painting [1]. The walls were crowned with rectangular battlements. Elements known from iconography were confirmed during

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Lasek, Piotr. "Private castles of Polish commanders during the Thirteen Years War." Masuro-⁠Warmian Bulletin 296, no. 2 (2017): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-134963.

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In the second half of the fifteenth century there was a dynamic development in firearms. Improvements were made both to the artillery and firearms, as well as to the technique of using this type of weapon. In Central Europe, the war between the Kingdom of Poland and the Confederation of Prussian states with the Teutonic Or�der, known as the Thirteen Years War, served as a training ground for the development of firearms. The use of fire�arms and artillery in this conflict, during both field battles and, above all, during the numerous sieges of cities and castles, draws closer attention to the i

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