Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fortifications Villes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Fortifications Villes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fortifications Villes"

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Gauthiez, Bernard. "La transformation des villes au bas moyen‑âge entre Valence et Pise." Rodis. Journal of Medieval and Post-Medieval Archaeology, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33115/a/26046679/1_2.

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La morphologie des villes évolue considérablement au bas Moyen Âge. Interviennent de dernières extensions, la consolidation, la densification, des réaménagements importants pour des édifices publics et religieux, une évolution fortement différenciée des lieux commerciaux, des effets de frange urbaine, le tout avec une technicité croissante. Ensuite, les épidémies et la guerre de Cent‑Ans conduisent à partir du milieu du XIVe siècle, par l’effet de l’effondrement démographique et de la construction de fortifications nouvelles, à une cristallisation du périmètre urbanisé à l’intérieur des murs, accompagnée de la disparition des secteurs urbanisés extra‑muros. Les choix de fortification induisent une nouvelle phase de différenciation urbaine.
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Cejudo, Monica. "Le système de fortifications des Caraïbes. Carthagène et Veracruz, deux villes, une même origine." Villes en parallèle 47, no. 1 (2013): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2013.1506.

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Kouider, Metair. "Oran, une ville de fortifications." Aldaba, no. 34 (December 13, 2017): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/aldaba.34.2010.20513.

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Charvet, Marie. "Les fortifications de Paris ou la Ville contre l'État." Villes en parallèle 32, no. 1 (2001): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/vilpa.2001.1327.

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Sfameni, Carla. "RESIDENTIAL VILLAS IN LATE ANTIQUE ITALY: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE." Late Antique Archaeology 2, no. 1 (2004): 333–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134522-90000029.

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This paper surveys the architectural development of Italian villas with residential characteristics for the 4th–6th c. A.D. Literary sources relevant to aristocratic life in the countryside are also considered. Two broad phases of villa development are identified. During the late 3rd and 4th c. A.D. many villas were rebuilt, with some traditional and some new features. In the 5th and 6th c. A.D. new coherent plan types and further new features appear, such as fortifications and Christian religious buildings. Nevertheless, even in this later period, villa sites can show much continuity with the classical villa tradition. The evolution of Italian villas can generally be related to changing aristocratic lifestyles and ideas of leisure as described by the literary sources, though the relationship between archaeology and the texts is complex
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De Chazelles, Claire-Anne, Alexandre Beylier, Michaël Landolt, et al. "Les fortifications de la ville basse du castellas à Murviel-lès-Montpellier (hérault)." Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise 46, no. 1 (2013): 11–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ran.2013.1880.

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Sdrolia, Stavroula. "Habitation in the region of Mount Ossa during the Early Byzantine period." Archaeological Reports 62 (November 2016): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608416000119.

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Archaeological works undertaken in the last decade – excavation, survey and conservation – prompted by major public works, combined with synthetic studies, have enhanced our knowledge of Thessaly in the Byzantine period. Key areas where our understanding has increased significantly include urban and rural fortifications, the Late Antique phases of occupation in Larisa and the harbour at Phthiotic Thebes (modern Nea Anchialos), religious and secular architecture, rural villas, industrial installations and the monastic community on Mount Ossa (‘Mountain of the Cells’).This paper focuses on the region of Mount Ossa (later Kissavos), where the data resulting from recent investigations have revealed a vibrant Late Antique phase, characterized by dense habitation on the slopes of the mountain (Map 9).
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Badawi, Massoud. "Les verres abbassides des fouilles du théâtre romain de Jablé en Syrie." Chronos 33 (September 3, 2018): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31377/chr.v33i0.97.

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Selon la tradition historique, le théâtre de Jablé (Syrie côtière) a été transformé en forteresse à la suite de la conquête islamique de la ville en 638 apr. J.-C. Des fouilles ont été récemment entreprises dans cet ensemble monumental, en particulier dans le secteur de la scène et sous la cavea, où des vestiges de fortifications, de thermes et d'ateliers d'époque islamique ont été mis au jour. Elles ont livré en particulier un lot d'objets en verre datés de l'époque abbasside. Cette découverte apporte des informations sur l'occupation du site du théâtre au cours de cette période. Le théâtre romain de Jablé est situé dans la partie nord-est de la vielle-ville:. Il a fait l'objet de dégagements et de fouilles archéologiques depuis 19503. Dans le secteur de la scène et du vomitoire, ces travaux ont révélé différents niveaux stratigraphiques remontant aux époques byzantine et islamique. Les vestiges architecturaux mis au jour ont confirmé que le théâtre avait été transformé en forteresse au début de l'époque islamique, puis que cette forteresse avait été restaurée au temps des Croisades (Jacquot 1929 : 232).
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De Meulemeester, Jan. "La fortification de terre et son influence sur le développement urbain de quelques villes des Pays-Bas méridionaux." Revue du Nord 74, no. 296 (1992): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rnord.1992.5989.

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Thewes, Guy. "Luxembourg, ville forteresse. L’impact de la fortification sur l’organisation de l’espace urbain (XVIe-XIXe siècle)." Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 89, no. 2 (2011): 787–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rbph.2011.8135.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fortifications Villes"

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Asutay-Effenberger, Neslihan. "Die Landmauer von Konstantinopel - İstanbul : historisch-topographische und baugeschichtliche Untersuchungen /." New York ; Berlin : W. de Gruyter, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41141661q.

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Porsche, Monika. "Stadtmauer und Stadtentstehung : Untersuchungen zur frühen Stadtbefestigung im mittelalterlichen deutschen Reich /." Hertingen : Folio-Verl. Dr. G. Wesselkamp, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388472049.

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Espinosa, Carole. "L'armée et la ville en France, 1815-1870 : de la Seconde Restauration à la veille du conflit franco-prussien /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413474551.

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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Montpellier 3, 2004. Titre de soutenance : L'armée et la ville en France de la Seconde Restauration à la veille du conflit franco-prussien : 1805-1870.<br>Bibliogr. p. 488-514. Notes bibliogr. Index.
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Oredsson, Dag. "Moats in ancient Palestine /." Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40070098g.

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Weber, Karl-Klaus. "Johan van Valckenburgh : das Wirken des niederländischen Festungsbaumeisters in Deutschland 1609-1625 /." Köln ; Weimar ; Wien : Böhlau, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37028593w.

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Tippach, Thomas. "Koblenz als preussische Garnison- und Festungsstadt : Wirtschaft, Infrastruktur und Städtebau." Köln : Böhlau Verl, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39111350m.

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Swieciochowski, Slawomir. "Fortifications napoléoniennes des villes portuaires : leurs stratégie, trace, architecture et conséquences urbaines à Gdansk et en Europe." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081699.

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Les fortifications napoleoniennes, construites ou projetees par les ingenieurs-fortificateurs francais pendant la periode du premier empire sont a ce jour relativement peu etudiees. La raison en est que pendant longtemps on considerait que napoleon, connu surtout pour ses exploits dans le domaine de la guerre offensive, n'etait pas interesse par les fortifications stationnaires defensives. Si cela s'avere relativement vrai en france; la situation en est toute autre dans d'autres pays faisant partie de l'empire. L'etude commence a gdansk, qui de par sa position geopolitique etait predestinee a devenir une des plus importantes des villes-"bases d'appui" ou des vestiges des fortifications napoleoniennes sont encore en place aujourd'hui. Cette ville ou ont travaille les plus grands fortificateurs de l'epoque: chasseloup-laubat, haxo, kirgener et dont le developpement des travaux etait suivi de pres par napoleon lui meme, servira de reference dans l'analyse des autres villes portuaires de l'europe, en passant par l'allemagne, la hollande, la belgique, la france, l'italie, la yougoslavie et se terminant a corfou. Les comptes-rendus, les memoires, les rapports de l'epoque font connaitre la facon d'aborder le probleme de la conception des fortifications par les ingenieurs, en fonction de la situation sur place, de la strategie generale et du developpement des evenements politiques. Les ingenieurs fortificateurs de cette epoque font de grands itineraires, elaborent des projets pour plusieurs villes. Tous les projets sont vises par le comite des fortifications a paris et dans la plupart des cas l'empereur lui meme donne ses propres directives. Ainsi, malgre les distances qui separent les villes etudiees, il est possible d'y retrouver des traits semblables. Ca travail vise aussi a etablir une typologie des traces et de formes d'architecture militaire utilises a cette epoque, en fonction de la strategie, de leurs auteurs, de leur position geographique et politique. Hormis les traites generaux de fortification il existe tres peu d'ouvrages sur les sujet. L'etude est donc basee essentiellement sur les archives: lecture des rapports et des plans, etablissement d'une correlation entre les informations ecrites et les informations graphiques et dans le cas de gdansk aussi des releves et analyses in situ.
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Guilleux, Joseph. "L'enceinte romaine du Mans /." Saint-Jean-d'Angely : J.-M. Bordessoules, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388863552.

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Nicolas, Nathalie. "La guerre et les fortifications du Haut-Dauphiné : étude archéologique des travaux des châteaux et des villes à la fin du Moyen âge /." Aix-en-Provence : Publications de l'Université de Provence, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40034555q.

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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Aix-en-Provence--Université de Provence, 2002. Titre de soutenance : Guerre et insécurité : le coût de la mise en défense des châteaux du Haut-Dauphiné, 1360-1400.<br>Bibliogr. p. 335-371. Glossaire.
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Weiß, Christoph. "Die frükaiserzeitlichen Stadtbefestigungen auf der Iberischen Halbinsel : fortifikatorische Funktion und Bedeutung für das urbane Erscheinung /." Köln : [s.n.], 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37074985f.

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Books on the topic "Fortifications Villes"

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Les forteresses de l'Empire: Fortifications, villes de guerre et arsenaux napoléoniens. Editions du Moniteur, 1991.

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Fernandes, Isabel Cristina Ferreira, 1957-, ed. Mil anos de fortificações na Península Ibérica e no Magreb, 500-1500: Actas do Simpósio Internacional sobre Castelos. Edições Colibri, 2002.

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Nicolas, Nathalie. La guerre et les fortifications du Haut-Dauphiné: Étude archéologique des travaux des châteaux et des villes à la fin du Moyen Age. Publications de l'Université de Provence, 2005.

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La guerre et les fortifications du Haut-Dauphiné: Étude archéologique des travaux des châteaux et des villes à la fin du Moyen Age. Publications de l'Université de Provence, 2005.

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Faucherre, Nicolas. Montreuil, ville fortifiée. Association des conservateurs de musées du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, 1993.

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d'Extrême-Orient, École franc̨aise, and Institut franc̨ais de Pondichéry, eds. Senji =: Gingi : ville fortifiée du pays tamoul. École franc̨aise d'Extrême-Orient, 2000.

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Greder, Marc. Villes et villages fortifiés d'Alsace: Histoire, description, photos, plans. Editions Salvator, 1993.

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Peter, Jean. Vauban et Dunkerque: La fortification, le port, l'arsenal et la ville. Economica, 2000.

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préf, Meyer Jean, ed. Vauban et Dunkerque: La fortification, le port, l'arsenal et la ville. Institut de stratégie comparée : Economica, 2000.

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Gilles, Pierrevelcin, ed. Les premières villes de Gaule: Le temps des oppida celtiques. Éditions Archéologie nouvelle, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fortifications Villes"

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Osei, Akoto K., Irwin H. Rosenberg, Robert F. Houser, Minnie Mathews, and Davidson H. Hamer. "Micronutrient Fortification of School Lunch Meals in Himalayan Villages." In Handbook of Food Fortification and Health. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7110-3_31.

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Denys, Catherine. "La police des espaces non aedificandi de la fortification périurbaine à Lille et Bruxelles au XVIIIe siècle: Des espaces abandonnés ou intégrés à la ville ?" In Subaltern City? Brepols Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.seuh-eb.5.117459.

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Goldmann, Nicolaus. "Comment il faut appliquer les fortifications d'alentour des villes anciennes." In La Nouvelle Fortification. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4933-0401-1.50032-9.

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Paga, Jessica. "The Demes." In Building Democracy in Late Archaic Athens. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190083571.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on monumental building in the demes (villages and towns) of the Attic countryside. In total, twelve demes and one independent sanctuary are considered. The deme structures include sacred buildings and civic or infrastructure projects, such as fortification walls and theatral areas. After mapping the demes with building activity, the chapter shows that a pattern of border articulation emerges. This attention to the borders, when combined with the shift toward the use of the demotic, highlights the role of deme identity and autonomy under the reforms, as well as the integration of the demes with the wider polis.
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Roger, F. "An approach to earthen fortifications in villages of La Serranía (Valencia, Spain)." In Vernacular and Earthen Architecture: Conservation and Sustainability. CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315267739-80.

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DINCHEV, V. "The Fortresses of Thrace and Dacia in the Early Byzantine Period." In The Transition to Late Antiquity, on the Danube and Beyond. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264027.003.0019.

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During the early Byzantine period (395–610), a large number of non-urban sites, recorded in ancient sources, are known to have existed in the dioceses of Thrace and Dacia. Contemporary sources suggest that they all possessed fortifications. Amongst the fortified settlements of the early Byzantine period, there were two main groups which can be identified. The first group includes the quasi-urban centres with an intramural area of more than one hectare and the second includes fortified villages, with an intramural area of less than one hectare. This chapter describes the different kinds of fortresses which existed in the dioceses of Thrace and Dacia from AD 395 to 610. It examines the character of the fortresses and internal structures and identifies different types. Finally, it addresses the functions of these sites, especially their role in the defensive system which protected the eastern Balkans during the early Byzantine period.
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Antony, Robert J. "Community Security and Self-Defense." In Unruly People. Hong Kong University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888208951.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 analyzes local self-regulation and law enforcement efforts. In conjunction with government, local communities also devised various methods for their own security and self-defense. Despite the state’s efforts and accomplishments in reaching down into local communities, the countryside was too vast and populous for state agents to penetrate everywhere. Normally the government preferred not to intervene directly in local affairs, but rather, to do so only indirectly through community lecture (xiangyue) and mutual surveillance (baojia) agents. Occasionally, in times of crises, the state would intervene more directly, such as in cases of famine relief and the suppression of riots and rebellions, but more routine security matters were normally left to each individual community. Rural towns and villages adopted a number of strategies for self-protection against bandits, including walls and other fortifications, guardsmen units, crop-watching associations, and militia. Nonetheless, I also argue that there was a complicated mix of activities in local communities involving both protection and predation.
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Moucheront, Nicolas. "Ambrogio Attendolo (1505-1585) : la formation d’un architecte sur le chantier des fortifications de la ville de Capoue." In Ressources et construction : la transmission des savoirs sur les chantiers. Éditions du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.cths.10657.

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Charvet, Marie. "La suppression des fortifications au conseil municipal de Paris à la fin du xixe siècle : prendre acte de la croissance de la ville." In Agrandir Paris (1860-1970). Éditions de la Sorbonne, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.psorbonne.2411.

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Emery, K. O., and David Neev. "Sodom and Gomorrah Event." In The Destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah, and Jericho. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090949.003.0009.

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About 7800 B.P. after the first effects of warmings and droughts associated with the Atlantic Interval, many people of the Mideast moved into river floodplains where suitable agricultural soils and freshwater were available. Prominent examples are in Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley, and along the Jordan-Dead Sea rift. The extremely dry climates occasionally improved because of small fluctuations within the Chalcolithic and a larger one during Early Bronze II, when there was a 250-year wet interval. These climatic changes explain the settling, flourishing, and abandonment by the Ghassulians about 6000 B.C. and of the city of Arad, 4900 to 4650 B.P. at the fringe of the desert (R. Amiran and Gophna, 1989, n. 18; D. Amiran, 1991; Gilead, 1993). During the Early Bronze ages overall the climatic conditions in the Dead Sea region were not appreciably different from those at present, as attested by fossil flora found in excavations at Bab edh-Dhr’a and Numeira (McCreery, 1980). High yields of agriculture in fertile irrigated areas were an incentive to settle in the Plain of Sodom. This settling gradually intensified within the fertile plains of the Jordan-Dead Sea region as well as in Canaan through Early Bronze I and II but weakened toward the end of Early Bronze III. This is indicated by the pattern of settlements that developed from individual villages to city-states with satellite villages—mostly because of economic and social motivations— which later were changed into fortified communities (Esse, 1989). A gradual increase in fortification of Early Bronze settlements along the Dead Sea and Jordan Valley basins and the position of some of them along the narrow elevated step-faulted strip of the east foothills (Zori, 1962;Ben-Arieh, 1965; Rast, 1987 and personal communication, 1989) indicate increased need for defense by settlers against raids and invasions. These evidences of stress probably resulted from gradual climatic drying and warming. Investments in defense facilities were worthwhile if increased productivity was tempting enough. Such areas could have been found not only along the east foothills but also at the foot of the Amazyahu fault escarpment and in the delta of Nahal Zohar north of Mount Sedom if fresh or slightly brackish water was available there during the Early Bronze age.
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Conference papers on the topic "Fortifications Villes"

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Talenti, Simona. "Visions “humaines” ou “infernales”: les moyens de transport et la perception de la ville chez Le Corbusier." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.821.

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Résumé: Les représentations des villes depuis la mer ont eu, à partir du XVe siècle, un grand succès dans l’iconographie urbaine des voyageurs. Depuis 1911, Le Corbusier a pris l’habitude d’esquisser dans ses carnets de croquis les paysages urbains découverts au cours de son voyage en Orient. Villes, remparts ou monuments significatifs sont souvent représentés depuis la mer ou les fleuves, car l'arrivée en bateau autorise une perception progressive et globale du site. Suite à son séjour en Amérique du sud en 1929, l'architecte exprime ouvertement son appréciation pour la perspective obtenue depuis le bateau au milieu des baies, car ce point de vue lui permet de contextualiser immédiatement ses propositions d’aménagement urbain. De simple connaissance des villes, cette pratique iconographique devient, chez Le Corbusier, un instrument d’élaboration du projet. Mais la vue horizontale est bientôt accompagnée du procédé de survol des centres urbains pour appréhender la grandeur du paysage naturel et construit. À travers l’analyse des nombreuses images – dessins, croquis, photos – élaborées par Le Corbusier à partir des différents moyens de transport, ainsi que des commentaires accompagnant ces documents iconographiques et de quelques textes publiés, on essayera de mieux comprendre le rapport entre l’échelle de ces visions panoramiques et la nouvelle approche territoriale mise au point par Le Corbusier à partir des années Trente. Abstract: The representations of cities viewed from the sea have had, since the fifteenth century, a great success in urban iconography. From 1911, Le Corbusier began drawing urban landscapes in his sketchbooks, which he discovered during his trip to the Orient. Cities, fortifications or significant monuments are often depicted from the sea or rivers, because the arrival by boat allows a gradual and overall perception of the site. After his stay in South America in 1929, the architect openly expressed his appreciation for the panoramic view obtained from the boat in the middle of the bay. This point of view allows him to contextualize his urban development proposals immediately. This iconographic practice is no longer a simple function of knowledge, but it has become an instrument for realising the project. However, the horizontal view was soon accompanied by the process of flying over urban centres to understand the magnitude of the man-made and natural landscape. Through the analysis of the many images – drawings, sketches, photos – developed by Le Corbusier using different means of transport, of comments accompanying these iconographic documents and of some published texts, the paper aims to better understand the relationship between the scale of these panoramic visions and the new territorial approach developed by Le Corbusier from the Thirties onwards. Mots clés: moyens de transport; avion; bateau. Keywords: means of transport; airplane; boat DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.821
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Courault, Christopher. "Las murallas urbanas de Córdoba (Villa y Axerquía) en la Edad Moderna." In FORTMED2015 - International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean coast. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2015.2015.1726.

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Blibli, Mustapha, Ammar Bouchair, and Faouzi Hannouf. "Apport des technologies numériques à l’étude des fortifications du génie militaire français dans une ville d’Algérie au début de la colonisation : Djidjelli, 1839-1862." In FORTMED2015 - International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean coast. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2015.2015.1710.

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Fratini, Fabio, Manuela Mattone, and Silvia Rescic. "The building materials of “Colle del Melogno” Central Fort (Liguria, Italy)." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11544.

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The Melogno pass (Colle del Melogno) is located at 1026 m above sea level, between the high Val Bormida and the hinterland of the Finalese (province of Savona) and is one of the highest mountain passes in the Ligurian Alps. In ancient times, this zone was considered strategically important from the military point of view since it is located at the crossroads of many communication routes. In these areas, in November 1795, during the “Battle of Loano”, the French army, commanded by Andrea Massena and the allied army of Austria, prevailed over the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by Oliver Remigius von Wallis. However, the territory remained possession of the Kingdom of Sardinia and, between 1883 and 1895, the worsening of relations with France induced the government to erect, near the pass, three imposing fortifications (Tortagna, Settepani and Centrale) to prevent an entry into Piedmont by armies coming from the coast. For the same purpose other fortifications were erected near the passes of Tenda, Nava, Turchino and near the villages of Zuccarello, Altare and Vado. The most impressive among the three fortifications of Melogno pass is the Central Fort. It occupies all the saddle of the pass and it is crossed by the provincial road 490 connecting the coast of Finale Ligure to Piedmont. The fort, still of military property, is a listed historical artefact. It has a polygonal shape, with a main barrack developed on two floors. Four defensive and attacking emplacements were located outside the main complex, along a detached hill, with heavy artillery pointed towards the coast. The study will examine the natural and artificial stone materials used for the building through mineralogical and petrographic analysis and will verify both the variations occurred during the construction phases and the relations with the local supply sources.
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Banyuls Pérez, Antoni. "De la iglesia como baluarte al baluarte como iglesia. Estrategias de fortificación y modernización de las defensas medievales en las villas del litoral de la Marina de la costa de Alicante (1535-1587)." In FORTMED2015 - International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean coast. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2015.2015.1703.

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Serafini, Lucia. "Castelli e borghi fortificati nell’Appennino centrale d’Italia. Storia e conservazione." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11364.

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Castles and fortified villages in the central Apennines of Italy. History and conservationThe areas of the central Apennines of Italy constitute a particularly interesting research laboratory with its perched towns and its castles. Here there is a close link between the quantity of fortifications and the prevailing mountainous terrain. This has fixed in the history of the places a condition of correspondence that acts as a counterpoint to all its culture, from the economy to the costumes to the forms of the settlement. The inhabited centers also managed to guard the territory, like the numerous castles built during the Middle Ages close to rocky and harsh slopes. This because they are located in places that due to the altitude were naturally fortified, but which at supplement were enhanced with closed and compact building fabrics. The fortified villages have often elicited, with their walled houses and the steep and narrow streets, the representations of travelers-artists from the nineteenth century like the Dutchman Maurits Cornelis Escher. The purpose of this contribution is to draw attention to the reality of an architectural heritage that goes beyond the isolated episode of the feudal castle to create a network with natural and anthropic contexts of wider horizon. These are today subject to severe loss of identity due to the marginal position they often find themselves in and also to the action of the many earthquakes that have raged over time.
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Coppola, Giovanni. "Una rete castellare: il sistema fortificato irpino." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11348.

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A network of castles: the Irpinian fortified systemIn Irpinia, to grasp the extent to which the multiform and varied castellated density still has today, it is necessary to look at its hilly and mountainous landscapes or read the toponyms of its villages: from the recent study carried out in the Province of Avellino, there is a list of 78 castles still visible in elevation, a very high figure if you consider that the entire provincial territory is composed of 118 municipalities, for a percentage of almost 70%. The period of study in which this research is based on Irpinia's fortification (castles, walls, towers and defensive walls) is part of the period in which the various foreign dynasties conquered the Regnum Siciliae giving rise to a military architecture which goes from the Longobard domination (568-774) to the advent of the Normans (1130-1194) and the Swabians (1194-1268), to retrace the phases of the coming first of the Angevins (1268-1435) and then of the Aragons (1442-1503).
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Jiménez Castillo, Pedro, та José Luis Simón García. "El ḥiṣn de Almansa (Albacete): fortificaciones y poblamiento". У FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11551.

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The ḥiṣn Almansa: fortifications and settlementsBecause of its spectacular location and its good state of conservation, the image of the castle of Almansa has been widely reproduced in publications of informative and even tourist purpose. The building is the result of construction, remodeling, plundering, demolition, blasting and restoration processes, carried out over more than eight centuries, although the current aspect is essentially that of the castle remodeled by Don Juan Pacheco, Marquis of Villena, in the fifteenth century, that camouflage or suppress those made previously, whether taifa, almohad or feudal. In this paper we are interested in the castle (ḥiṣn) of Almansa in Islamic times, but not strictly from the architectural point of view but its history as a central element that organized an administrative district or iqlīm. In this sense, Almansa offers very relevant research possibilities, because we know exactly the delimitation of its district in almohad times thanks to the Castilian documentation after the conquest, we have some data from the Arabic texts and, above all, we have of a very detailed archaeological information from intensive field surveys. Therefore, we will study the different types of castral buildings, fortresses and towers, as well as settlements –farmhouses, hamlets and shelters– in order to get information about the evolution of the modes of occupation and exploitation of the territory between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries, which will be modified throughout the feudal period, becoming a rare case in the scientific literature to date.
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