Academic literature on the topic 'Fortified milk'
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Journal articles on the topic "Fortified milk"
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Yoshida, Yurika, Minami Azuma, Haruhiro Kuwabara, Tokuo Miyazawa, Yuya Nakano, Kazuna Furukawa, Keli M. Hawthorne, et al. "Human milk-based fortifier is associated with less alteration of milk fat globule size than cow milk-based fortifier." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 7, 2021): e0257491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257491.
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We aimed to evaluate if human milk-based fortifier (HMBF) affects human milk fat globule (MFG) size less than cow milk-based fortifier (CMBF), which may impact overall infant feeding tolerance. Measurements of donated human milk were performed before fortification as well as at 1 hour, 24 hours, and 48 hours after fortification with CMBF or HMBF. MFG size in each sample of fortified milk was measured by laser light scattering. MFG size in the fortified milks increased gradually over time. At 24 and 48 hours after fortification, MFG size in the milk with CMBF was larger than that in the milk with HMBF (4.8 ± 0.5 vs 4.3 ± 0.3 μm, p<0.01, 5.1 ± 0.7 vs 4.5 ± 0.4 μm, p = 0.03, respectively). HMBF is associated with less alteration of MFG size than CMBF. This may have an impact on feeding tolerance of very preterm infants.
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Steinberg, Francene M. "Fortified Human Milk." Journal of Human Lactation 14, no. 2 (June 1998): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033449801400204.
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JEONG, DONG K., and JOSEPH F. FRANK. "Growth of Psychrotrophic Bacteria in Solids Fortified Skim Milk." Journal of Food Protection 51, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-51.8.643.
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The effect of fortifying skim milk with non-fat dried milk on growth and proteolysis of psychrotrophic bacteria was determined. Raw skim milk of 8.7% total solids was fortified to 10% and 12% total solids and pasteurized. Growth rates of proteolytic psychrotrophic bacteria were determined in these milks during incubation at 4°C. Proteolysis was determined by measuring the concentration of free amino groups throughout the incubation period. Seven of nine psychrotrophic isolates grew to greater numbers in the fortified milks during the early log phase of growth than they did in the unfortified milks. Growth stimulation was slight in most cases, however, one isolate exhibited a ten-fold increase in numbers when growing in the 10% solids fortified milk. The greatest increases in growth were observed when comparing unfortified milk to milk at 10% solids. Early log phase growth in 12% solids milk was often less than in 10% solids milk but still greater than in unfortified milk. All isolates exhibited increased proteolysis in the fortified milks within 48 h of incubation. These results indicate that increasing the solids content of skim milk with non-fat milk powder produces a microbiological growth medium more suitable for growth and protease production for selected psychrotrophic bacteria.
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Dalidowitz, Claire. "Fortified Breast Milk Safety." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 105, no. 10 (October 2005): 1572–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2005.08.022.
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Mantziari, Anastasia, Satu Tölkkö, Artur C. Ouwehand, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Erika Isolauri, Seppo Salminen, and Samuli Rautava. "The Effect of Donor Human Milk Fortification on The Adhesion of Probiotics In Vitro." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010182.
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Preterm delivery complications are the primary cause of death among children under the age of five. Preventive strategies include the use of pasteurized donor human milk (DHM), its fortification with human milk fortifiers (protein supplements), and supplementation with probiotics. Our aim was to examine the impact of DHM and fortified DHM (FDHM) on the mucus adhesion properties of two widely used probiotics. The study covered two forms of human milk fortifier, liquid and powdered, with or without probiotics and storage at 4 °C for 24 h. To test the adhesion properties of the probiotic strains, DHM+probiotics and FDHM+probiotics were prepared and added to immobilized mucus isolated from the stool of healthy Finnish infants. The probiotic adhesion was then measured by liquid scintillation. Our results suggest that addition of liquid or powdered human milk fortifier in donor human milk had no impact on probiotic adhesion. In addition, given the increased adhesion of probiotics suspended in buffer, other matrices should be further studied. These factors need to be considered when designing future intervention strategies using probiotics in preterm infants.
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Pillai, Anish, Susan Albersheim, Julie Matheson, Vikki Lalari, Sylvia Wei, Sheila Innis, and Rajavel Elango. "Evaluation of A Concentrated Preterm Formula as a Liquid Human Milk Fortifier in Preterm Babies at Increased Risk of Feed Intolerance." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 1433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101433.
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There are concerns around safety and tolerance of powder human milk fortifiers to optimize nutrition in preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the tolerance and safety of a concentrated preterm formula (CPF) as a liquid human milk fortifier (HMF) for premature infants at increased risk of feeding intolerance. We prospectively enrolled preterm infants over an 18-month period, for whom a clinical decision had been made to add CPF to human milk due to concerns regarding tolerance of powder HMF. Data on feed tolerance, anthropometry, and serum biochemistry values were recorded. Serious adverse events, such as mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and sepsis, were monitored. A total of 29 babies received CPF fortified milk during the study period. The most common indication for starting CPF was previous intolerance to powder HMF. Feeding intolerance was noted in 4 infants on CPF. The growth velocity of infants was satisfactory (15.9 g/kg/day) after addition of CPF to feeds. The use of CPF as a fortifier in preterm babies considered at increased risk for feed intolerance seems well tolerated and facilitates adequate growth. Under close nutrition monitoring, this provides an additional option for human milk fortification in this challenging subgroup of preterm babies, especially in settings with limited human milk fortifier options.
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Patel, Jitesh, Melvin Holmes, and Hannah Ensaff. "Availability and Nutritional Content of High Energy and High Protein Milk for Malnourished Older Adults." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa040_063.
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Abstract Objectives Malnutrition in older adults reduces quality of life and is increasing in prevalence in many countries. Fortified milk (milk powder added to whole milk), typically forms part of guidelines globally for adults at risk of malnutrition. Protein-enriched fresh milk (PEM) may be a simpler option as it is ready to use. This study aims to investigate the availability and nutritional content of fortified milk and PEM. Methods The 7 largest supermarket chains (by UK market share) were surveyed in-store and online in a large city over 2 weeks in December 2019. Two were discount retailers and 3 did not offer online shopping. For each chain, a large, mid-size and convenience store type were randomly selected, if present within the city. In total 15 stores were visited (5 large, 7 mid-size and 3 convenience). Price and nutritional information were recorded on a pro forma for all milk powders and PEMs in-store and online. The energy & protein content of a 200 ml portion of fortified milk (made as per guidelines with milk powders found) and cost/g of protein was considered and compared with PEM and standard whole milk. Results Six brands of skimmed milk powder (SMP), 1 brand of whole milk powder (WMP) and 3 brands of PEM were found. SMP was the most available (5 large & 5 mid-sized stores), followed by PEM (2 large and 1 mid-sized store), whilst WMP was only found online. The 3 convenience stores and 2 discount retailers did not stock any milk powders or PEM. Energy in 200 ml portions ranged from 90 – 224 kcals and protein from 8.0 – 14.2 g. Fortified milk made with SMP had the highest protein content (Mdn = 13.8 g, IQR = 13.5 – 14.2 g), double that of standard whole milk. Fortified milk made with WMP had the highest energy content (224 kcals) but less protein than fortified milk made with SMP (12.0 g). PEM had the lowest energy (Mdn = 96 kcals, IQR = 90 – 98 kcals) and lowest protein content (Mdn = 9.4 g, IQR = 8.0 – 10.0 g). Cost/g of protein was highest for fortified milk made with WMP (Mdn = 2.5p, IQR = 2.3 – 2.7p), followed by PEM (Mdn = 2.0p, IQR = 1.9 – 2.5p) and lowest for fortified milk made with SMP (Mdn = 1.8p, IQR = 1.8 – 2.2p). Conclusions Based on nutritional content, availability and price, the preferred option found was fortified milk made with SMP; enriched fresh milks did not compare favourably for any of these criteria. Convenience and discount stores had poor availability of the products surveyed. Funding Sources Self-funded.
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Brooker, Paige G., Megan A. Rebuli, Gemma Williams, and Beverly S. Muhlhausler. "Effect of Fortified Formula on Growth and Nutritional Status in Young Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Nutrients 14, no. 23 (November 28, 2022): 5060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14235060.
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Previous reviews of the effect of young child formulas on health outcomes in infants and toddlers have been inconclusive. In this study, we undertook a contemporary synthesis of studies investigating the effects of consuming fortified milk beverages (compared to cow’s milk or unfortified comparator formula) on growth and/or nutritional status in children 1–3 years of age. Five electronic databases were searched (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Cochrane Library) for randomised controlled trials comparing fortified milk against control milk in young children (9–48 months), published between January 1990 and June 2022. Outcomes were growth, body composition, biochemical markers, and/or nutritional status. Mean differences (MD) were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis where there were ≥3 studies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Nineteen articles (12 studies; n = 4795) met the inclusion criteria. Heterogeneity was substantial, likely attributable to considerable variation in study characteristics. Fortified milk was associated with increased weight gain (MD = 0.14 kg [95% CI 0.06, 021], p = 0.0003) compared with control milk. Subgroup analyses demonstrated increases in weight in lower-income countries, and in studies with intervention periods > 6 months. There were no effects of fortified milks on other anthropometric measures. Haemoglobin (MD = 3.76 g/L [95% CI 0.17, 7.34], p = 0.04) and ferritin (MD = 0.01 nmol/L [95% CI 0.00, 0.02], p = 0.02) concentrations were increased in infants consuming fortified milks. Fortified milk beverages appear to offer a safe and acceptable source of complementary nutrition as a short-term strategy for addressing nutritional deficits and may modestly promote weight gain in vulnerable populations when provided for periods > 6 months. This study was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022339920) and funded by the Infant Nutrition Council.
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Cervo, Mavil May C., Diane S. Mendoza, Erniel B. Barrios, and Leonora N. Panlasigui. "Effects of Nutrient-Fortified Milk-Based Formula on the Nutritional Status and Psychomotor Skills of Preschool Children." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2017 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6456738.
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This randomized, single-masked, controlled trial examined the effects of nutrient-fortified milk-based formula supplementation on nutritional status, nutrient intake, and psychomotor skills of selected preschool children with mean age of 4.10 ± 0.14 years. The study participants were divided equally into three major groups, normal, underweight, and severely underweight based on WHO-Child Growth Standards, and were further divided into two groups: fortified milk group who was given two glasses of fortified milk (50 g of powdered milk/serving) a day for twelve weeks in addition to their usual diet and the nonintervention group who was not given fortified milk and thus maintained their usual intake. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, and psychomotor developmental score were analyzed. Results showed that consumption of two servings of fortified milk a day for twelve weeks significantly increased the height of preschool children by 1.40 cm, weight by 1.35 kg, body mass index by 0.96 kg/m2, mid-upper arm circumference by 0.66 cm, and psychomotor scores by 13.74% more than those children who did not consume fortified milk (p<0.0001). Hence, fortified milk-based supplement in the diet of preschool children improved overall nutritional status, nutrient intake, and performance in psychomotor scale. This study is registered in Philippine Health Research Registry: PHRR140923-000234.
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Milan, Amber, Alison Hodgkinson, Sarah Mitchell, Utpal Prodhan, Colin Prosser, Elizabeth Carpenter, Karl Fraser, and David Cameron-Smith. "Digestive Responses to Fortified Cow or Goat Dairy Drinks: A Randomised Controlled Trial." Nutrients 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2018): 1492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10101492.
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Fortified milk drinks are predominantly manufactured from bovine (cow) sources. Alternative formulations include those prepared with hydrolysed bovine milk proteins or from alternate bovidae species, such as caprine (goat) milk. Currently, there is little data on protein digestive and metabolic responses following ingestion of fortified milk drinks. To examine the digestive and metabolic responses to commercially-available fortified milks, young adults (n = 15 males: 15 females), in a randomised sequence, ingested isonitrogenous quantities of whole cow-protein (WC), whole goat-protein (WG), or partially-hydrolysed whey cow-protein (HC), commercial fortified milks. Plasma amino acid (AA) and hormonal responses were measured at baseline and again at 5 h after ingestion. Paracetamol recovery, breath hydrogen, and subjective digestive responses were also measured. Postprandial plasma AA was similar between WC and WG, while AA appearance was suppressed with HC. Following HC, there was a negative incremental AUC in plasma branched-chain AAs. Further, HC had delayed gastric emptying, increased transit time, and led to exaggerated insulin and GLP-1 responses, in comparison to whole protein formulas. Overall, WC and WG had similar protein and digestive responses with no differences in digestive comfort. Contrastingly, HC led to delayed gastric emptying, attenuated AA appearance, and a heightened circulating insulin response.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fortified milk"
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Lee, Sui-Chen. "Calcium Equilibria in Calcium Fortified Milk Systems /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487934589974558.
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Liu, Yang. "Investigation of vitamin D3 content in fortified fluid milk and the stability of vitamin D3 in milk to light exposure." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44161.
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Fortified milk is the main dietary source of vitamin D, an important nutrient for skeletal health and reducing the risk of some chronic diseases. However, non-compliance of vitamin D fortification of fluid milk has been reported as a recurring problem. The purpose of this research is to analyze vitamin D contents of fortified fluid milk sold in Vancouver, the stability of commercial vitamin D formulations in milk upon light exposure during refrigerated storage, and the thermal stability of vitamin D₂ and D₃.
Vitamin D content was determined for 104 fluid milk products purchased from the Vancouver retail market from October 2011 to September 2012. Fortification non-compliance was defined as vitamin D levels outside the range of 35.2-46.9 IU/100 mL, corresponding to regulatory requirements stated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. The results showed 54% under-fortification and 4% over-fortification with significant variation in vitamin D content among milk from different brands, with different fat content and sampled at different times. In particular, higher incidence of under-fortification was observed in skim milk samples.
To investigate the stability of vitamin D₃ to light exposure, skim milk was fortified with one of four vitamin D₃ formulations along with vitamin A: crystalline vitamin D₃, two water dispersible formulations and an emulsified vitamin A/D premix. Vitamin D loss after 22 days of storage at 4 °C with exposure to light of 2000 lux intensity ranged from 37% to 71% depending on the different formulation, and was accompanied by vitamin A loss.
To investigate the effects of pH and heat on stability, vitamin D₂ and D₃ in citrate-phosphate buffer at pH 3.5 and 6.6 were heated at 72 °C for 15 seconds. Less than 8% vitamin D loss was observed. No significant difference was found in thermal stability between vitamin D₂ and D₃ or between the pH conditions during heating.
These results indicate the possible approach to improve vitamin D fortification compliance in fluid milk by choosing a vitamin D formulation with improved dispersibility and greater stability against light exposure. Further research is needed to investigate other potential factors affecting the vitamin D content in fortified milk.
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Crowley, Margaret L. "Development of an immunoglobulin-fortified milk replacer and a purified, injectable immunoglobulin solution as alternative methods of achieving passive immunity in colostrum-deprived neonatal calves." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28955.
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An immunoglobulin-fortified milk replacer and a subcutaneous (SC) injectable solution of immunoglobulins (Ig) were examined as methods of achieving passive immunity in neonatal calves. Bovine Ig, from abattoir blood, were purified by polyphosphate fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. In experiment 1, carried out at Agriculture Canada Research Station, Agassiz, 37 colostrum-deprived Holstein-Friesian bull calves were allotted to one of four treatments. Col/WM calves were fed colostrum on day 1 and whole milk, days 2 - 42. MR-Nolg calves (control) were fed milk replacer with no Ig, days 1-42. MR-Hi/Lo calves were fed milk replacer with Ig at 50 mg/ml on day 1, and at 10 mg/ml, days 2 -21. MR-Hi/No calves were fed milk replacer with Ig at 50 mg/ml, day 1,'and with no Ig, days 2 - 21. From days 2 2 - 42, MR-Hi/Lo and MR-Hi/No treatment calves received milk replacer with no Ig. In experiment 2, carried out at the University Research Farm at Oyster River, 24 colostrum-deprived Holstein-Friesian bull calves were allotted to one of three treatments. The first two treatments were the same as for experiment 1, Col/WM and MR-Nolg fed for days 1-21. MR-Lo Inj calves were fed milk replacer with Ig at 10 mg/ml, days 1-21, and were also given a SC injection of Ig solution within the first 6 hours of life. For days 2-42, calves were fed WM or
MR-Nolg, as per experiment 1. For both experiments, blood samples and calf weights were taken at birth, 24 & 48 hours of age, day 7 and weekly thereafter for six weeks. Diarrhea (scours) levels, rectal temperatures and general health of calves were recorded daily for the first three weeks as well. Experiment 1 survival at 6 weeks of age was 11 out of 11 calves for Col/WM treatment, 8 out of 8 calves for MR-Hi/Lo treatment, 7 out of 8 calves for MR-Hi/No and a significantly lower (P>0.05) 7 out of 9 calves for MR-Nolg. In experiment 2, survival was 7 out of 8 calves for both Col/WM and MR-Lo-Inj treatments and a significantly lower (P>0.05) 4 out of 8 calves for MR-Nolg treatment. Calves on MR-Hi/No had significantly higher diarrhea levels than the other three treatments over weeks one and four in experiment 1. In experiment 2, calves which did not receive any Ig had significantly higher diarrhea levels over weeks three and four than calves which received Ig. Experiment 1 average daily gains (ADG) were significantly higher for calves on Col/WM, MR-Hi/Lo and MR-Hi/No treatments than for calves on MR-Nolg at six weeks of age. In experiment 2, six week ADG were significantly higher for calves on Col/WM and MR-Lo Inj treatments than for MR-Nolg. For both experiments, serum Ig levels of calves on Col/WM were significantly higher than calves on the other treatments at 24 and 48 hours of age. MR-Hi/Lo, MR-Hi/No and MR-Lo Inj calves trended to higher serum Ig levels than MR-Nolg calves but were not significantly different. Calves
which received Ig, from colostrum, the Ig-fortified milk replacer or a subcutaneous Ig injection, had higher survival rates, lower diarrhea levels, less antibiotic treatment and higher average daily gains than calves hot receiving any Ig. It was concluded that immunoglobulins, administered either orally or parenterally, are an effective, alternative method, for providing passive immunity in neonatal calves.Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
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Cukier, Fernanda Niskier. "Eficácia e segurança dos aditivos de leite humano para prematuros com peso de nascimento ≤ 1500g ou idade gestacional ≤ 34 semanas: uma revisão sistemática com metanálise." Instituto Fernandes Figueira, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8447.
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Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira. Departamento de Ensino. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e da Mulher. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Introdução: Os aditivos multicomponentes foram desenvolvidos com o objetivo de adequar o aporte de nutrientes do leite humano (LH) oferecido aos prematuros. São compostos por diferentes combinações de proteína, carboidrato, gordura e/ou minerais , em apresentação líquida ou em pó . O bjetivos: Avaliar eficácia e segurança dos aditivos multicomponentes, utilizados como suplemento ao LH, em prematuros com peso de nascimento (PN) ≤ 1500 g ou com idade gestacional (lG) de nascimento ≤ 34 semanas. Comparar o LH suplementado com aditivos ao LH puro ou à fórmula para prematuros (FP) e comparar diferentes aditivos entre si. Métodos: Foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura com M etanálise, via estratégia de busca estruturada, nos bancos de dados The Cochrane Library , Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Scielo e Lilacs, anais de congressos, listas de referências dos artigos identificados e artigos de revisão relevantes. Buscaram - se metanálises, revisões sistemáticas ou ensaios clínicos controlados (preferencialmente randomizados) que comparassem o LH suplementado com aditivos multicomponentes ao LH puro, à FP ou a outros aditivos e que pr eenchessem critérios de qualidade PRISMA. Os desfechos avaliados foram peso, crescimento linear e perímetro cefálico em curto e longo prazo , desenvolvimento, enterocolite necrosante ( ECN ) , óbito e níveis séricos de cálcio, fósforo e fosfatase alcalina . A s íntese dos resultados foi apresentada como diferença de média e risco relativo (RR) . Resultados: O LH suplementado com aditivo multicomponente levou a maiores taxas de crescimento em curto prazo que o LH puro , sem evidência de aumento no risco de ECN . Não foi demonstrado efeito nos níveis séricos de cálcio, fósforo e fosfatase alcalina. Na comparação entre LH suplementado com aditivo e FP não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos nas taxas de ganho de peso e de aumento de perí metro cefálico . O crescimento linear foi maior nos prematuros alimentados com FP . Os níveis séricos de cálcio e fosfatase alcalina foram maiores e os de fósforo menores no grupo alimentado com LH suplementado com aditivos, porém os valores encontravam - se d entro da normalidade nos dois grupos na maioria dos estudos. Não houve diferença no risco de ECN . Crescimento em longo prazo, desenvolvimento e óbito não puderam ser avaliados em nenhuma das comparações. Na comparação entre diferentes aditivos foi realizad a apenas uma revisão sistemática da literatura , que demonstrou que todos os aditivos multicomponentes levaram a taxas de crescimento satisfatório, com tendência a maior crescimento com os aditivos de maior conteúdo proteico. O risco de ECN foi baixo em tod os os estudos e os níveis séricos de cálcio, fósforo e fosfatase alcalina foram normais na maioria, independente do aditivo utilizado. Conclusão: A fortificação do LH com aditivos multicomponentes está associada à melhora nos parâmetros de crescimento em c urto prazo, comparável ao crescimento observado por prematuros alimentados com FP . Os aditivos são seguro s e não há evidência de que leve m a maior incidência de ECN ou de doença óssea metabólica . A composição ideal dos aditivos ainda precisa ser determinada por mais estudos.
Introduction: The multicomponent fortifiers have been developed to allow an appropriate nutrient in take by premature infants receiving human milk . The y are composed by different combinations of protein, carbohydrates, fat and minerals, in liquid or powder presentation . Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and safety of human milk multicomponent fortifiers i n premature infants with birth weight ≤ 1500 g or gestational age at birth ≤ 34 weeks. To compare fortified human milk to plain human milk , to preterm formulas or to a different fortified human milk. Methods: A s ystematic l iterature r eview with meta - analysis was performed . S earches were made at T he Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Scielo, Lilacs, previous reviews including cross references, abstracts of scientific events and journal hand searching. We searched for meta - analysis, systema tic reviews and controlled trials (especially those with random allocation of patients) comparing fortified human milk with plain human milk, premature formula or different fortifiers that fulfill ed the PRISMA checklist . The outcomes studied were: growth in short and long term (weight, linear growth and head circumference) , necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) , death and serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Synthesis of data was conducted by relative risk and we ighted mean difference. Results: Fortified human milk le d to higher growth rates in the short term compared with plain human milk, without evidence of increased risk of NEC . There was no effect on serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatas e. Fortified human milk le d to similar rates of weight gain and increase in head circumference compared to preterm formulas. Linear growth was higher in those fed by preterm formula. Serum calcium and alkaline phosphatase were higher and serum phosphorus w as lower in those patients receiving fortified human milk, but the values were within the normal range in both groups in most studies. There was no difference in the risk of NEC. Long - term growth, development and death could not be evaluated in either comp arison. We only performed a systematic review for the comparison of different fortifiers. This review show ed that a ll multicomponent fortifiers le d to satisfactory growth rates, with a tendency of better growth with the fortifiers with higher protein conte nt. There was a low risk of NEC in all studies. Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase were normal in most studies, no matter which fortifier was used. Conclusion: The use of fortified human milk by premature infants is associated wit h better weight gain, linear growth and increase in head circumference in the short term, comparable to the rates of growth observed in preterm infants fed formula. The fortifiers are safe and do not increase the risk of NEC or lead to a higher incidence o f rickets. The ideal composition of fortifiers still needs to be determined by further studies.
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Escaldelai, Fernanda Martins Dias. "Fatores sociodemográficos e excesso de peso em crianças participantes de programa governamental de distribuição de leite fortificado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-18112014-085206/.
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Introdução: Estudos anteriores mostraram a efetividade do Projeto VIVALEITE para o ganho de peso de crianças menores de dois anos. Como o programa é efetivo, é possível que crianças ingressantes com peso próximo ao limite considerado adequado para idade o ultrapassem no decorrer de sua participação. Verificar se há variáveis sociodemográficas associadas ao excesso de peso poderá permitir o estabelecimento de medidas preventivas por parte dos gestores do programa. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e excesso de peso em participantes do Projeto VIVALEITE. Métodos: Estudo de coorte com dados de 1.039 crianças de famílias de baixa renda do interior do Estado de São Paulo, ingressantes no projeto VIVALEITE com seis meses de idade e peso próximo ao limite superior de adequação, no período de janeiro de 2003 a setembro de 2008. Investigou-se a proporção de crianças que ficam com excesso de peso durante a participação no programa e as associações com as condições sociodemográficas de cada criança (amamentação aos seis meses, sexo e peso ao nascer) e dos respectivos responsáveis (condição conjugal, idade, situação de trabalho e escolaridade). A modelagem foi feita por meio de regressão logística, com as variáveis socioeconômicas em cada idade de pesagem (9 a 23 meses) e regressão logística multinível das variáveis socioeconômicas e o conjunto das idades de pesagem. O processamento foi feito com o pacote estatístico Stata 10.1. Resultados: Conforme análise multinível, a categoria sim da variável aleitamento materno aos seis meses (OR=0,29, p=0,000) e a categoria trabalha da variável situação de trabalho materno (OR=0,36, p=0,012) foram associadas significantemente ao excesso de peso das crianças. As variáveis peso ao nascer, sexo, condição conjugal, idade materna e escolaridade não foram associadas estatisticamente ao excesso de peso. Conclusões: A não amamentação aos seis meses e a condição de não trabalho materno são os fatores sociodemográficos positivamenteIntroduction: Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of VIVALEITE Project to gain weight in children under two years old. As the program is effective, it is possible that children who began weighting close to the limit considered appropriate for the age during their participation this weight exceed the limit. Examine for sociodemographic variables associated with overweight may allow the establishment of preventive measures by program managers. Objective: To analyze the association between sociodemographic factors and overweight in participants of VIVALEITE Project. Methods: Cohort study with data from 1,039 infants from low-income families in the state of São Paulo, who were admitted on Vivaleite design with six months of age and weight near the upper limit of adequacy, from January 2003 to September 2008. Investigate the proportion of children who became overweight during participation in the program and associations with sociodemographic conditions of each child (breastfeeding at six months, sex and birth weight) and their guardians (marital status, age, employment status and education). The modeling was performed using logistic regression with socioeconomic variables in each age in the moment by weigh (9-23 months) and multilevel logistic regression of socioeconomic variables and all the ages of weighing. Stata 10.1 program version was used for analysis. Results: As multilevel analysis, the category yes of breastfeeding at six months (OR = 0.29, p = 0.000) and maternal work category (OR = 0.36, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with the overweight in children. The variables birth weight, sex, marital status, maternal age and education were not statistically associated with overweight. Conclusions: The absence of breastfeeding at six months and the condition of maternal unemployment are the sociodemographic factors positively associated with overweight infants participating in the program
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Martins, Evelyn Conti. "Efeitos do uso de aditivo no leite humano cru da própria mãe em recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-21012009-145724/.
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A nutrição do recém-nascido pré-termo de muito baixo peso representa um desafio para a equipe multiprofissional devido a condições especiais, como o metabolismo acelerado, diminuição das reservas orgânicas, maior risco de complicações associadas à imaturidade do sistema digestivo e a capacidade reduzida de adaptação frente a situações de sobrecarga hidro-eletrolítica. A preocupação com a nutrição do pré-termo justifica-se pela necessidade de promover velocidade de crescimento físico e desenvolvimento semelhantes à da vida intra-uterina. Objetivos: a) Geral; comparar o ganho ponderoestatural e a freqüência de complicações clínicas em recém-nascidos prétermo com peso inferior a 1500g, alimentados exclusivamente com leite humano cru da própria mãe, com e sem a suplementação de aditivo, até atingirem o peso de 1800g; b)Específicos: descrever e comparar o ganho pondero-estatural e a freqüência de complicações clínicas em recém-nascidos pré-termo com peso inferior a 1500g, alimentados exclusivamente com leite humano cru da própria mãe, com e sem a suplementação de aditivo, até atingirem o peso de 1800g. Métodos: Ensaio clínico prospectivo randomizado duplo-cego em 40 recém-nascidos pré-termo com peso de nascimento inferior a 1500g internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal no período de agosto de 2005 a abril de 2007. Para detectar a diferença de 3,0g/Kg/dia no ganho de peso, com desvio padrão de 4,0g/Kg/dia com nível de significância de 5% e poder de teste de 80%, foi calculada uma amostra com 20 neonatos em cada grupo (controle e intervenção). Na análise estatística foram utilizados o teste exato de Fisher, t de Student, Kolmogorov-Smirnov e teste não paramétrico de Mann Whitney. Resultados: O ganho ponderal nos recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso que receberam leite humano cru da própria mãe com aditivo foi de 24,4g/dia e de 21,2g/dia no grupo que recebeu leite humano (p=0,075). Com relação ao comprimento, houve aumento de 1,09 cm/semana no grupo que recebeu leite humano cru da própria mãe com aditivo e 0,87cm/semana no grupo que recebeu leite humano puro (p=0,003). Quanto às complicações clínicas, não houve diferença significante com relação à intolerância digestiva, distensão abdominal, hipernatremia e episódios de infecção. Conclusões: A suplementação de aditivo no leite humano cru da própria mãe, na concentração de 5%, após a oferta hídrica da dieta atingir 100ml/Kg/dia e até o recém-nascido apresentar peso de 1800g, proporcionou ganho ponderal médio diário superior ao obtido no grupo controle, embora sem diferença significante. Houve aumento significativo do comprimento em relação ao grupo controle. Não foram observadas complicações clínicas relacionadas ao uso de aditivo no leite humano cru da própria mãe do recém-nascido pré-termo.The nutrition of very low birth weight preterm newborns represents a challenge for a multiprofessional team due to special conditions, such as accelerated metabolism, reduction of organic reserves, higher risk of complications associated to the immature digestive system, and reduced capacity of adaptation in face of hydroelectrolytic overload situations. The concern with the preterm infant nutrition is justified by the need of promoting physical growth velocity and development similar to those in the intrauterine life. Objectives: a) General: to compare the ponderal-stature gain and the frequency of clinical complications in preterm newborns weighting less than 1500g, exclusively fed with their own mothers raw human milk with or without additive until reaching 1800g; b) Specific: to describe and compare the ponderal-stature gain and the frequency of clinical complications in preterm newborns weighting less than 1500g, exclusively fed with their own mothers raw human milk with or without additive until reaching 1800g. Methods: Prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial in 40 preterm newborns with birth weight lower than 1500g hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit from August 2005 to April 2007. In order to detect the difference of 3.0g/Kg/day in the gain of weight, with standard deviation of 4.0g/Kg/day, significance level of 5% and power of test of 80%, a sample with 20 newborns in each group (control and intervention) was calculated. In the statistical analysis, Fisher exact test, t of Student, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Mann Whitney non-parametric test were utilized. Results: The ponderal gain in very low birth weight preterm newborns who have received raw human milk of their own mothers with additive was 24.4g/day and 21.2g/day in the group receiving human milk (p=0.075). In regard to the stature, there was an increase of 1.09 cm/week in the group receiving human milk of their own mothers with additive and 0.87cm/week in the group receiving pure human milk (p=0.003). As for clinical complications, there was no significant difference in regard to digestive intolerance, abdominal distension, hypernatremia and episodes of infection. Conclusions: The supplementation of additive in the own mother human milk, in the concentration of 5%, after the diet hydric offer supply reaches 100 ml/Kg/day and until the newborn weights 1800g, has allowed a daily average ponderal gain higher than that obtained in the control group, although with no significant difference. There was a significant increase of stature in regard to the control group. No clinical complications regarding the use of additive in the raw human milk of preterm newborns own mothers were observed.
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Ortelan, Naiá. "Fatores sociodemográficos e proporção de crianças que deixam de ter baixo peso para idade, em programa governamental de distribuição de leite fortificado, nas idades de 6 a 23 meses." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-03072013-142625/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: É importante que programas de intervenção nutricional sejam avaliados. Estudo anterior mostrou que o Projeto Vivaleite, programa de distribuição de leite fortificado no Estado de São Paulo, é efetivo quando se comparam as médias dos escores z do indicador de peso para idade (P/I) de crianças ainda fora do programa com as crianças no programa, na faixa etária de 6 a 23 meses, independentemente de variáveis sociodemográficas. OBJETIVO: Estudar a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos e a proporção de crianças que deixam de ter baixo P/I, nas idades de 6 a 23 meses, durante sua participação, no período de janeiro/2003 a setembro/2008, em programa governamental de distribuição de leite fortificado. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectiva com dados de 327 crianças residentes no interior do Estado de São Paulo que ingressaram, aos seis meses de idade, com baixo P/I (escore z P/I <-2) no Vivaleite. Foram selecionadas as seguintes variáveis: a) Resposta: baixo P/I, indicadora da situação de baixo P/I (escore z P/I < -2) apresentado pela criança durante as pesagens após a criança ingressar no programa (dicotômica, sim=0|não=1); b) Explanatórias: aleitamento materno (não recebe=0|recebe=1), condição conjugal da mãe (sem companheiro=0|com companheiro=1), idade materna (adolescente=0|não adolescente=1), peso ao nascer (contínua: 1400g a 4400g), sexo (masculino=0|feminino=1), situação de trabalho materno (não trabalha=0|trabalha=1), escolaridade materna (0-4 anos=1|5-8anos=2|9 anos ou mais=3), idade da criança na pesagem (contínua: 6 a 23 meses). Foram realizadas modelagens com regressão logística e regressão logística múltipla mista, esta última para ajuste de observações repetidas da mesma criança, usando a variável de identificação de cada criança. O processamento foi realizado com o pacote Stata 10.1. RESULTADOS: A categoria da variável que se associou positivamente ao ganho de peso das crianças foi não receber aleitamento materno (OR=0,20, p=0,001), ter um maior peso ao nascimento (OR=1,0011; p=0,022), além da maior idade da criança na pesagem (OR=1,20; p=0,001). As variáveis que não se associaram estatisticamente com o ganho de peso das crianças foram: condição conjugal da mãe (com companheiro: p=0,972), idade materna (não adolescente: p=0,935), sexo (feminino: p=0,805), situação de trabalho materno (trabalha: p=0,235) e escolaridade materna (5-8 anos: p=0,965; 9 anos ou mais: p=0,828). CONCLUSÃO: Os fatores associados positivamente à maior proporção de crianças que deixaram a condição de baixo P/I foram não receber aleitamento materno ao ingressar no programa e ter um maior peso ao nascimento, além da maior idade da criança na pesagemBACKGROUND: It is important that nutritional intervention programs are evaluated. A previous study showed that the Project Vivaleite, a fortified milk distribution program in the State of São Paulo, is effective when comparing the means of weight-for- age z scores indicator of children aged 6 to 23 months out of the program with the children in the program, independently of sociodemographic variables. OBJECTIVES: To study the associations between sociodemographic factors and the proportion of children who no longer have low weight-for-age, in the ages of 6 to 23 months, while participating, in the period from September/2008 to January/2003, in the government program of fortified milk distribution. METHODS: Prospective cohort study with data from 327 children residents of the State of São Paulo who joined the Vivaleite at six months of age, with low weight-for-age (z score weightfor-age < -2). The following variables were selected: a) outcome variable: low weight-for-age, indicative of the situation of low weight-for-age presented by the child after joining the program (dichotomous, yes=0|no=1); b) independent variables: breastfeeding when entering the program (not receive=0|receive=1), mothers marital status (no partner=0|with partner=1), maternal age (teenager=0|no teenager=1), birth weight (continuous: 1400 to 4400 grams), gender (male=0|female=1), maternal job status (does not work=0|works=1), maternal education (0-4 years|5-8 years| 9 or more years), age of the child at each weighing occasion (continuous: 6 to 23 months). Logistic regression and mixed multiple logistic regression were done, the last in order to adjust for repeated observations of the same child, using the variable that identifies each one. Processing was carried out with software Stata 10.0. RESULTS: The category of the variable that was positively associated with the weight gain of the children was not receiving breastfeeding (OR=0,20, p=0,001), have a higher birth weight (OR=1,0011; p=0,022), and the higher age of the child at weighing (OR=1,20; p=0,001). The variables that were not statistically associated with weight gain were: mothers marital status (no partner: p=0,972), maternal age (no teenager: p=0,935), gender (female: p=0,805), maternal job status (works: p=0=235) and maternal education (5-8 years: p=0,965; 9 or more years: p=0,828). CONCLUSION: Factors positively associated with a greater proportion of children who have left the condition of low weight-for-age were not receiving breastfeeding when joining the program, having a higher birth weight and higher age of the child at weighing
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Campos, Letícia Fuganti. "A influência da aditivação do leite humano no crescimento bacteriano in vitro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-26032013-131125/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A lactoferrina disponível no leite materno desempenha função imunológica e protege recém-nascidos de infecções por se ligar ao ferro e privá-lo de bactérias patogênicas, o que resulta em atividade bacteriostática contra organismos patogênicos ferro dependentes. A utilização de aditivo de leite materno suplementado com ferro poderia prejudicar os efeitos protetores da lactoferrina e aumentar os riscos de infecção em recém-nascidos. OBJETIVO: Comparar o crescimento bacteriano no colostro puro versus colostro com aditivo de leite materno suplementado com ferro. MÉTODO: O crescimento bacteriano de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi comparado em 78 amostras de colostro puro ou colostro com aditivo do leite humano suplementado com ferro. Para análise qualitativa, discos de papel filtro foram imergidos nas amostras de leite materno puro ou leite materno com aditivo suplementado de ferro e incubados por 48 horas em placas de Petri contendo 101 Unidades Formadoras de Colônia por ml (UFC/ml) de cada cepa de bactérias. Para a análise quantitativa, 1ml de cada cepa de bactérias contendo 107 UFC/ml foi homogeneizado com 1ml de colostro puro ou colostro com aditivo do leite humano suplementado com ferro e semeado em placa de Petri. O número de UFC/ml foi contado após 24 horas de incubação a 37oC. RESULTADOS: A análise qualitativa não mostrou diferença no crescimento bacteriano. Na avaliação quantitativa, o crescimento de Escherichia coli no colostro puro foi de 29.4 ± 9.7 x 106CFU/ml e no colostro com aditivo de leite materno suplementado de ferro foi de 31.2 ± 10.8x 106CFU/ml, com diferença na média de crescimento de 1.9 ± 4.9 x 106CFU/ml (p = 0,001). O crescimento bacteriano nas cepas de Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa no colostro puro e no colostro com aditivo de leite materno não apresentou diferença estatística. CONCLUSÃO: O acréscimo de aditivo de leite materno suplementado com ferro nesta concentração reduziu a ação bacteriostática contra Escherichia coliBACKGROUND: Lactoferrin in human breast milk has been shown to protect newborns from infection by binding to iron and depriving it from pathologic bacteria that need iron to proliferate. If iron-enriched fortifier is added to breast milk, it might impair the protective effect of lactoferrin and increase the risk of infection in newborns. OBJECTIVE: To compare bacterial growth in pure colostrum versus colostrum with human milk fortifier containing iron. METHODS: The growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 78 samples of pure colostrum or of colostrum with added human milk fortifier containing iron was compared. For qualitative analysis, filter paper discs were immersed in samples from each group and incubated for 48 hours with 101Colony Forming Units/ml of each strain. For quantitative assessment, 1 ml of each strain containing 107Colony Forming Units/ml was homogenized with 1 ml of either colostrum or colostrum with human milk fortifier, seeded into a Petri dish, and incubated at 37oC. Twenty-four hours later the number of Colony Forming Units was counted. RESULTS: Qualitative analysis showed no difference in bacterial growth. In the quantitative evaluation, Escherichia coli growth in the pure colostrum group was 29.4 ± 9.7 x 106CFU/ml while in the human milk fortifier group it was 31.2 ± 10.8x 106CFU/ml; the difference between average growth was 1.9 ± 4.9 x 106CFU/ml (p = 0.001). There were no differences in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. CONCLUSION: Addition of iron at this concentration reduced breast milk bacteriostatic action against Escherichia coli
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Kean, Penni. "Comparison of the effects of two human milk fortifiers with different energy sources on the body composition of premature infants." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80300.
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Human milk fortification is recommended to meet the nutritional requirements of preterm infants. Most human milk fortifiers (HMFs) contain non-protein energy (NPE) predominantly as carbohydrate which may lead to high fat deposition relative to lean mass accretion. We hypothesized that fortifying human milk with a HMF containing NPE predominantly as fat (fatHMF) would result in a higher (1) lean mass accretion (percent lean mass) and (2) growth (anthropometry), compared to fortifying with an isocaloric, isonitrogenous HMF containing NPE predominantly as carbohydrate (carbHMF). In a double-blind randomized trial, 29 infants (≤32 weeks and appropriate for gestational age) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit received either mother's milk fortified with the fatHMF (n = 14) or the carbHMF (n = 15). Body composition and growth measurements were performed at Baseline (at ≤10% of goal intake 150 ml/kg), Phase 1, and Phase 2 (3 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively, from starting HMF). Although neither percent lean (fat) mass nor growth were statistically different, by Phase 2 infants receiving fatHMF showed a 63% increase in percent fat mass, gained 1194 g in weight and 8.8 cm in length, whereas the carbHMF showed a 96% increase in percent fat mass, gained 1005 g in weight and 6.9 cm in length (p = 0.3586, 0.3815, and 0.1851 respectively). By Phase 2, the fatHMF infants gained 128 g in absolute dry lean tissue, whereas the carbHMF infants gained 99 g (p = 0.0362, Post hoc analysis). Differences of this magnitude are clinically important, but a larger study is required to demonstrate statistical significance.
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Modica, Samantha Huynh. "Quantitative Analysis of Phytosterols in Cattle Feed, Milk and Fortified Foods." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/38665/.
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Over recent decades, research has demonstrated a direct correlation between phytosterol consumption and the lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The fortification of phytosterols in processed food products has therefore become increasingly popular and as a result, there is a subsequent need for new and improved techniques for quantification of phytosterols in these products. Natural phytosterol fortification of milk by controlled feeding is also becoming a common farming practice although the efficacy of this approach is relatively unknown. Moreover, there are no known reports regarding the resulting phytosterol content in milk under different animal feeding regimes. This study therefore investigated whether different cattle feeds can influence the profile of phytosterols and cholesterol in the milk produced as an alternative to direct fortification.
A series of five feeding experiments were performed using common feeds used by Australian dairy farmers and selected formulated rumen protected feeds. In order to achieve this main objective, a new reliable and rapid analytical technique was required which could accurately measure total phytosterols (including the conjugates) at naturally occurring levels in cattle feed and the resulting bovine milk. The analytical method development investigated three hydrolysis techniques to liberate the sterols for extraction. This included acid hydrolysis and enzymatic treatments (for glycosidic bonds) and saponification (for fatty acid ester bonds). The method development also included optimisation of a sample clean-up and instrumentation. The final method parameters were selected based on accuracy, time efficiency, labour intensity and the availability of resources.
The optimised analytical method used acid hydrolysis and saponification protocols with simultaneous sterol solvent extraction during the hydrolysis step to avoid the less efficient manual liquid extraction step usually performed at this stage. This was then followed by sample clean-up using an amino propyl phase solid phase extraction for cattle feed samples. All extracts were concentrated to a known volume and derivatised using a silylating reagent to make them thermally stable for analysis. Quantification of sterols was performed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and flame ionisation detectors which, allowed for direct quantification and identification of the samples. The total phytosterol determination was based on the sum of the identified plant sterols including brassicasterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, campestanol, β-sitosterol and stigmastanol.
A total of twelve different cattle feed types (excluding the rumen protected feed) commonly used in the dairy industry were analysed including lucerne, pasture (rye grass), maize silage, pasture silage, grape marc (dried and wet), wheat, canola, tannin, barley grain, mineral mix, cotton oil and molasses. These feeds were used in various combinations for the controlled feeding trials with the developed analytical method determining that the highest and lowest average phytosterol contents were found in cotton seed oil (256 mg/100 g) and tannin (<35 mg/100 g) respectively. Based on the analytical method developed, the limit of reporting was 35 mg/100 g and 5 mg/100 g for total phytosterols and individual sterols respectively. In addition to these common cattle feeds, a final feeding trial was also conducted with a rumen protected feed with a known high phytosterol content.
The results of the feeding trials showed that statistical significances (p < 0.05) were observed for some individual phytosterols and cholesterol in milk under these differing feeding regimes compared to the respective controls. The limit of reporting for the milk was 0.12 mg/100 mL and 0.02 mg/100 mL for total phytosterols and individual sterols respectively. In the case of the phytosterols, where the daily recommended consumption to optimise the health benefits is typically 2 g per day, the levels found in milk were <0.12 mg/100 mL of total phytosterols which is comparatively insignificant. The main phytosterols found in milk included lathosterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol, with the average cholesterol content ranging from 12-16.5 mg/100 mL. The cholesterol contents found in the milk samples were within expected values compared to nutritional panels and previous studies. The limited experiment using the rumen protected feed with high phytosterol levels suggested a decreased transfer of cholesterol to the milk by as much as 20% although further work is required to confirm these preliminary results.
Overall, the research suggests that different feeding practices have minimal impact on the quality of milk with regard to the resulting sterol profile. This research has important implications for the dairy industry with the development of reliable, robust and streamlines methods for measuring sterol contents in milk. In addition, it demonstrates that the use of expensive cattle feeds to naturally fortify milk with phytosterols is unfounded and that common, inexpensive feeds result in similar quality milk. Given that cattle feed is the foremost expense for dairy farmers, these findings support the continued use of these more affordable cattle feeds.
Books on the topic "Fortified milk"
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Battle milk 3: Conceptually unpasteurized and creatively fortified. Design Studio Press, 2013.
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Khan, Sobia. A pilot study on the growth and duration of human milk feeding in preterm infants fed fortified human milk post hospital discharge. 2006.
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Weishuhn, Karen. A pilot study on the visual development of premature infants fed fortified human milk post hospital discharge. 2007.
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Zuxiss, Alex. Foods High in Vitamin D: Salmon - Cod Liver Oil - Swordfish - Pork - Oysters - Mushrooms - Beef Liver - Eggs - Milk - Fortified Cereals. Independently Published, 2020.
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Puntis, John. Iron deficiency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0009.
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Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, affecting around 5 billion people mostly in developing countries. Risk factors in infants include low birthweight, high cow milk consumption, low intake of iron containing complementary foods, low socioeconomic status, and immigrant status. Developmental delay and poor educational achievement are among the long-term complications. Preventative strategies include promotion of breastfeeding, use of iron-fortified formula if breast milk not available, encouraging intake of iron-rich foods, vitamin C-rich drinks with meals to promote iron absorption, and avoiding whole cow’s milk in the first year of life. Poor response to oral iron treatment is most likely due to poor compliance (iron ingestion may cause abdominal pain diarrhoea or constipation) but should also raise the possibility of underlying disease causing inflammation, malabsorption, or blood loss.
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Gluckman, Sir Peter, Mark Hanson, Chong Yap Seng, and Anne Bardsley. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198722700.003.0013.
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Vitamin B12 is required for the synthesis of fatty acids and myelin and so is crucial for normal neurological function and maintenance of the CNS. In conjunction with folate, it is involved in red blood cell formation and DNA synthesis, and in embryogenesis, it is important for proper neural tube formation and brain development. Maternal intake during pregnancy is important, as only newly absorbed vitamin B12, and not that stored in the maternal liver, is concentrated in the placenta. Despite the active transfer during pregnancy, the vitamin B12 content in the newborn is low, and the infant is dependent on breast milk for ongoing needs. Pregnant and lactating women should ensure that their diet contains sufficient (animal) sources of vitamin B12; those consuming vegan or strict vegetarian diets should either take vitamin B12 supplements or seek foods that have been fortified with vitamin B12.
Book chapters on the topic "Fortified milk"
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Mehta, Nitin R., Margit Hamosh, Joel Bitman, and D. Larry Wood. "The Source of “Lost Calories” from Fortified Breast Milk." In Human Lactation 3, 372. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0837-7_42.
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Kokinopoulos, Demetris, Spyros Photopoulos, Natassa Varvarigou, Loanis Kafegidakis, and Marietta Xanthou. "The Effect of Human Milk, Protein-Fortified Human Milk and Formula on Immunologic Factors of Newborn Infants." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 77–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3838-7_8.
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Momčilović, Berislav, Malcolm J. Jackson, Joan M. Round, and Timothy B. Weir. "Human Metabolic Study of Milk Simultaneously Fortified with Zinc, Iron and Copper." In Trace Elements in Man and Animals 6, 595–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0723-5_214.
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Schanler, Richard J., and Cutberto Garza. "Fortified Human Milk for Very Low Birth Weight Infants: Correction of Mineral Inadequacies." In Human Lactation 3, 379. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0837-7_48.
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Zakipnaya, Elena, and Svetlana Parfyonova. "Fortified Sour-Milk Beverages with the Use of the Far Eastern Region’s Wild Berries." In Fundamental and Applied Scientific Research in the Development of Agriculture in the Far East (AFE-2021), 602–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91402-8_67.
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Ziegler, Ekhard E. "Human Milk and Human Milk Fortifiers." In Nutritional Care of Preterm Infants, 215–27. Basel: S. KARGER AG, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000358470.
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Hossain, Z., W. Diehl-Jones, D. MacKay, A. Chiu, and J. K. Friel. "18. Human milk fortifiers and the premature infant." In Human Health Handbooks, 285–304. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-223-8_18.
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Moritz, John W., and J. B. Duff Sheldon. "Ethanol Production from Spent Sulfite Liquor Fortified by Hydrolysis of Pulp Mill Primary Clarifier Sludge." In Seventeenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 689–98. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0223-3_66.
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Nikooyeh, Bahareh, and Tirang R. Neyestani. "Using Fortified Milk as a Vehicle for Nutrients." In Dairy in Human Health and Disease Across the Lifespan, 145–54. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809868-4.00010-8.
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Kumar Paswan, Vinod, Hency Rose, Chandra Shekhar Singh, S. Yamini, and Aman Rathaur. "Herbs and Spices Fortified Functional Dairy Products." In Herbs and Spices - New Processing Technologies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98775.
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Recently, an increased interest in exploiting the functional and medicinal health attributes of herbs and spices has been observed worldwide among the health conscious consumers to preserve and promote the health and nutrition and immunity particularly during the Covid-19 pandemic era. Fortification of dairy products with these herbs and spices so as to exploit the functional and medicinal attributes have also gained momentum. Herbs and spices are rich source of bioactive compounds such as anti-oxidants, vitamins, micro- and macro-minerals, phytochemicals like flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, essential oils, coumarin, organic acids, phenols and saponins. Milk and other dairy products have been popular compatible vehicles for delivering functional, nutritional and other health benefits of phytochemicals of herbs and spices among the consumers. This chapter explores the quality and functional attributes of herbs and spices fortified dairy products such as herbal spiked milk, curd and yoghurts, paneer, cheese and ice creams and other dairy products.
Conference papers on the topic "Fortified milk"
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Sommer, Abigail, and Yael Vodovotz. "Chemical and Physical Stability of EPA and DHA Fortified Plant Milk Analogs." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/iwsn7066.
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Fish oil and its component fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have demonstrated health benefits including reducing cardiac death risk and lowering inflammation. Yet, fish consumption is below recommended levels, indicating a need for accessible and safe sources of EPA and DHA. The objective of this study was to incorporate EPA- and DHA-rich oils from various sources into plant milks. It was hypothesized that physical and oxidative stability of fortified plant milks would differ by beverage and oil type due to varying structures, viscosity, and endogenous antioxidant compounds. Four beverage types (water, oat milk, soymilk, and almond milk) and three oil types (high-oleic sunflower oil, fish oil, and yeast oil plus algae oil) were utilized. The physical and chemical properties of the beverages were monitored over 15 days at 4°C and 55°C. Turbidity, viscosity, and color were analyzed. The oil droplet size was measured using dynamic light scattering. Oxidation was measured using peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Turbidity did not differ between samples. Viscosity was influenced by beverage type (water, 0.5 mPa⋅s; soy, 9 mPa⋅s; oat, 39 mPa⋅s, almond, 48 mPa⋅s) but not oil type. Color was affected by beverage and oil type. Beverage but not oil type influenced mean particle size (D32) (soy, 533nm; water, 776nm; oat, 1190nm; almond, 1688nm). Beverages with no oil or sunflower oil had approximately 50% lower levels of oxidation as compared to those with fish oil and yeast/algae oil. Soymilk samples with fish or yeast/algae oil oxidized approximately 25-140% less than other beverages. Future work will include sensory evaluation and a clinical study to assess bioavailability, safety, and compliance. The analysis of fortified plant milks will help determine the optimal source and vehicle for EPA and DHA, ultimately resulting in a commercially viable beverage.
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Stacenko, Ekaterina, and Nikolay Bezrukov. "ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF SOUR MILK DRINKS." In XIV International Scientific Conference "System Analysis in Medicine". Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_5fe01d9d5604a3.17811445.
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Technological processes in the dairy industry can be studied using mathematical modeling. In this work, using two-factor analysis, the change in the titratable acidity index is shown depending on the parameters of the production process of fortified fermented milk drinks, which have the greatest impact on the process of obtaining bifivit and immunovit. As a result, mathematical models have been developed.
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"Physico-Chemical Characterization of Two Jams Cow's Milk Fortified with Apple Pectin and Citrus." In International Conference on Earth, Environment and Life sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c1214015.
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Lucas-Aguirre, J. C., G. Giraldo, and R. M. Cortes. "Optimization of the spray drying process for the obtaining of coconut powder (Cocos nucifera L.) fortified with functionally active compounds." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7307.
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Abstract The objective of this work is to contribute to the generation of a significant advance of the coconut agroindustry in Colombia, for which the process of spray drying was optimized to obtain coconut powder added with functionally active components (CP+PAC) (calcium and vitamins C, D3 and E), food that is framed in the context of functional foods. Initially, the behavior of the physicochemical properties of the coconut during storage at a temperature of 25ºC was evaluated. Then the base emulsion was designed, determining the influence of the composition of emulsions based on coconut milk, on its physicochemical stability, the answer surface methodology was used with a central composite design, considering the independent variables: water/coconut ratio; xantan gum; coconut fiber; terbutilhidroquinona. Subsequently, it was experimentally optimized according to the operating characteristics of the dryer and the product, using a response surface design based on five independent variables: Maltodextrin, air inlet temperature, air outlet temperature, atomizer disk speed and vacuum pressure in the drying chamber. Finally, the stability of the PC+PAC properties was evaluated, using a factorial design based on the independent variables: storage temperature, storage time and packaging. Keywords: coconut, colloidal system, deposit formation, yield, vitamins.
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Mahdi, Chanif, Ajeng Erika Prihastuti Haskito, Akhmad Fadhil Aushaf, and Aldila Noviatri. "Antioxidants potential of the black rice bran fortified goat milk yoghurt protects experimental diabetic balb/c mice from oxidative stress and other diabetes-related consequences." In THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH EPI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (EICSE) 2020. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0099249.
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Box, David, and Chandra Shakuntala. "Outcome of Premature Infants on Liquid Human Milk Fortifier." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.545.
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King, C., and S. Clark. "G216(P) Audit of compliance with a guideline for a novel method of preparing breast milk fortifier." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the Annual Conference, 13–15 March 2018, SEC, Glasgow, Children First – Ethics, Morality and Advocacy in Childhood, The Journal of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-rcpch.211.
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Calma, Eleanor, Allison Judkins, Giang Truong, Munaf Kadri, and Raylene Phillips. "Comparison of Two Commercially Available Liquid Human Milk Fortifiers for Feeding Tolerance in Premature Infants." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.511.
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Jordan, Kate, Laura De Rooy, and Anay Kulkarni. "1379 Exploring the role of breast milk fortifier in neonatal outcomes in preterm neonates, a 10 year retrospective audit." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 15 June 2021–17 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-rcpch.602.
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Tweddell, Sarah M., Maria E. Barbian, and Heidi Karpen. "Use of a Novel Human Milk-Based Fortifier in Term Infants with Surgical Congenital Gastrointestinal Disorders Improves Growth at Discharge." In AAP National Conference & Exhibition Meeting Abstracts. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.147.3_meetingabstract.329-a.
Full textReports on the topic "Fortified milk"
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Fortified donor breast milk led to similar development for very-low-birthweight babies compared with formula milk. National Institute for Health Research, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000408.
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