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Oliveira, Emerson D. "Daily INSOLation (DINSOL-v1.0): an intuitive tool for classrooms and specifying solar radiation boundary conditions." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 9 (May 5, 2023): 2371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2371-2023.
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Abstract. Climate modelling requires spending an extensive amount of time programming, which means reading, learning, testing, and evaluating source code. Fortunately, many climate models have been developed within the past decades, making it easier for climate studies to be conducted on a global scale. However, some climate models have millions of code lines, making the introduction of new parameterizations a laborious task that demands teamwork. While it is true that the high-complexity models perform realistic climate simulations, some researchers perform their studies using simplified climate models in the preliminary test phases. This realization motivated the development of Daily INSOLation (DINSOL-v1.0), a robust computer program to support the simplified climate models, performing solar radiation calculations while considering Milankovitch cycles and offering various simulation options for its users. DINSOL was intended to function as a program that supplies data (e.g. daily insolation, instantaneous solar radiation, orbital parameters of the Earth, and calendar dates), such as the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). While preparing the boundary conditions of solar radiation for climate models, it was realized that the DINSOL model could also be a helpful tool for use in classrooms. Thus, it was decided that an intuitive graphical user interface would be required to cater to this educational purpose. The model was written in the Fortran 90 language, while its graphical user interface would be built using PyGTK, a Python application programming interface (API) based on GIMP ToolKit (GTK). Furthermore, the R language would also be used to generate a panel containing contour fields and sketches of the orbital parameters to support the graphical execution. The model evaluation made use of data from PMIP and other tools, and the data analysis was performed through statistical methods. Once all tests were concluded, an insignificant difference between the DINSOL-obtained results and the results obtained from other models validated the viability of DINSOL as a dependable tool.
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Musayev, Vyacheslav K. "Computer simulation of unsteady elastic stress waves in a console and a ten-storey building under fundamental influence in the form of a Heaviside function." Radioelectronics. Nanosystems. Information Technologies. 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17725/rensit.2022.14.187.
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The aim of the work is to consider the problems of numerical simulation of seismic safety of a console and a ten-storey building with a base in the form of an elastic half-plane under non-stationary wave influences. Modeling of tasks of the transition period is an actual fundamental and applied scientific task. Methodology. To solve a two-dimensional plane dynamic problem of elasticity theory with initial and boundary conditions, the finite element method in displacements is used. Based on the finite element method in displacements, an algorithm and a set of programs have been developed for solving linear planar two-dimensional problems that allow solving problems with non-stationary wave effects on complex systems. The algorithmic language Fortran-90 was used in the development of the software package. Результаты. Results. The problem of the effect of a plane longitudinal wave in an elastic half-plane in the form of four trapezoids and in the form of two half-periods of a sinusoid is considered to assess the physical reliability and mathematical accuracy. A system of equations consisting of 8016008 unknowns is solved. The problem of the effect of a plane longitudinal elastic wave in the form of a Heaviside function on a console with a base (the ratio of width to height is one to ten) is considered. A system of equations consisting of 16016084 unknowns is solved. The problem of the effect of a plane longitudinal elastic wave in the form of a Heaviside function on a ten-storey building with a base in the form of a half-plane is considered. A system of equations consisting of 16202276 unknowns is solved. Contour stresses and components of the stress tensor are obtained in the characteristic areas of the problem under study. Based on the conducted research, the following conclusions can be drawn. Elastic contour stress on the sides of the console and a ten-story building are almost a mirror image of each other, that is, antisymmetric. The console and supporting structures of the building work like a beam during seismic action, that is, if there are tensile stresses on one side, then compressive stresses on the other. Bending waves mainly prevail on the contours of the console and supporting structures of the building under seismic influence.
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Evripidou, Paraskevas, and Robert Barry. "Mapping Fortran Programs to Single Assignment Semantics for Efficient Parallelization." Parallel Processing Letters 08, no. 03 (September 1998): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626498000419.
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This paper presents Mustang, a system that automatically parallellizes Fortran programs by mapping them to single assignment semantics. Specifically, sequential Fortran source programs are translated into IF1, a machine-independent dataflow graph description language that is the intermediate form for the SISAL language. During this translation, Parfrase 2 is used to parse the source program perform dependency analysis and to detect opportunities for parallelization which are then explicitly introduced into the IF1 program. The resulting IF1 program is then processed by the Optimizing SISAL Compiler which produces parallel executables on multiple target platforms. A working prototype has been developed and tested. The execution results of several Livermore Loops are presented and compared against Fortran and SISAL implementations on two different platforms. The initial results obtained provide proof of concept that Fortran can be mapped to Single Assignment Semantics without sacrificing efficiency.
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Ju, S. H. "OpenMp solvers for parallel finite element and meshless analyses." Engineering Computations 31, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-02-2012-0032.
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Purpose – This paper develops C++ and Fortran-90 solvers to establish parallel solution procedures in a finite element or meshless analysis program using shared memory computers. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The stiffness matrix can be symmetrical or unsymmetrical, and the solution schemes include sky-line Cholesky and parallel preconditioned conjugate gradient-like methods. Findings – By using the features of C++ or Fortran-90, the stiffness matrix and its auxiliary arrays can be encapsulated into a class or module as private arrays. This class or module will handle how to allocate, renumber, assemble, parallelize and solve these complicated arrays automatically. Practical implications – The source codes can be obtained online at http//myweb.ncku.edu.tw/∼juju. The major advantage of the scheme is that it is simple and systematic, so an efficient parallel finite element or meshless program can be established easily. Originality/value – With the minimum requirement of computer memory, an object-oriented C++ class and a Fortran-90 module were established to allocate, renumber, assemble, parallel, and solve the global stiffness matrix, so that the programmer does not need to handle them directly.
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Amyot, Joseph R., and Gerard van Blokland. "Parameter optimization with ACSL models." SIMULATION 49, no. 5 (November 1987): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754978704900505.
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A method whereby a parameter optimization program, written in FORTRAN, can be used in conjunction with ACSL (Advanced Continuous Simulation Language) models of dynamic systems is described. The optimization of a projectile's trajectory is used as an example.
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Raman, K. V. "Some Features of Java Language Illustrated through Examples from Chemistry." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 1, no. 2 (July 3, 2003): 22–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.2.5.
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Computer programming has been used effectively by theoretical chemists and organic chemists to solve various types of problem in chemistry. Initially the languages used for computations in chemistry were FORTRAN and BASIC. Later the Pascal language was used for solving problems in chemistry and physics. Recently the languages C and C++ and Java have been used to solve problems in chemistry. In this paper I will illustrate features of C, C++ choosing examples from chemistry. Computer programming has been used effectively by theoretical chemists and organic chemists to solve various types of problem in chemistry. Initially the languages used for computations in chemistry were FORTRAN and BASIC. Later the Pascal language was used for solving problems in chemistry and physics. Recently the languages C and C++ and Java have been used to solve problems in chemistry. In this paper I will illustrate features of C, C++ choosing examples from chemistry. Some examples presented in this these languages are Program to calculate reduced mass of homo diatomic or hetero diatomic Program to calculate the molecular weight of a tetra atomic system ABCD Program to calculate NMR frequencies of spin 1/2 nuclei only Program to calculate NMR and ESR frequencies The examples presented in Java 2 are Program to calculate unit cell dimension of a crystal Program to generate the chair form and boat form of cyclohexane. The examples presented in this monograph will help researchers in theoretical chemistry and organic chemistry to develop their own software.
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COOK, G. O. "ALPAL, A PROGRAM TO GENERATE PHYSICS SIMULATION CODES FROM NATURAL DESCRIPTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 01, no. 01 (April 1990): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183190000025.
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A Livermore Physics Applications Language (ALPAL), a new computer language, is described. ALPAL is a tool that generates a Fortran code module from a natural description of a physics model. This capability gives the computational physicist a significant productivity boost. While ALPAL is a working computer program, significant additions are being made to it. Some of the factors that make ALPAL an important tool are: first, it eliminates many sources of errors; second, it permits building program modules with far greater speed than is otherwise possible; third, it provides a means of specifying many numerical algorithms; and fourth, it is a language that is close to a journal-style presentation of physics models and numerical methods for solving them. In sum, ALPAL is designed to magnify the abilities and creativity of computational physicists.
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Li, Hong Ru, Fei Feng, and Qing Wang. "Design and Application of Concrete Faced Rock-Fill Dam Numerical Simulation Analysis Program." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1882–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1882.
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Reviewed the various constitutive mode of concrete faced rock-fill dam. Basis on the complex physical characteristic of filled the material and the framework of dam, a method of computer is given, introduced into the program of the concrete face rock-fill dam calculation with FORTRAN language on the ANSYS software. It is used to simulate two and three-dimensional nonlinear computation and compute figure simulation in the construction procedure and operation period for the concrete face rock fill dam, the result was intuitionist clarity.
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Bulut, S., and M. B. Terzioǧlu. "Joint angle variations analyses of the two link planar manipulator in welding by using inverse kinematics." Robotica 24, no. 3 (November 23, 2005): 355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574705002274.
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In this paper, the joint angles of a two link planar manipulator are calculated by using inverse kinematics equations together with some geometric equalities. For a given position of the end-effector the joint angle and angular velocity of the links are derived. The analyses contains many equations which have to be solved. However, the solutions are rather cumbersome and complicated, therefore a program is written in Fortran 90 in order to do, the whole calculation and data collection. The results are given at the end of this paper.
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Farthing, I., G. Love, VD Scott, and CT Walker. "A new and versatile computer program for correcting EPMA data." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132923.
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A new computer program has been developed to convert electron probe microanalysis data into accurate measurements of chemical composition. It is menu-based and designed to operate off-line using any IBM PC compatible computer. As shown in the flowchart, fig. 1, the architecture is modular and the programming language adopted is a compilable version of BASIC which possesses much of the processing speed associated with FORTRAN or C. Specimens containing up to fifteen elements, with 4 ≤ Z ≤ 96, can be handled and all the major x-ray lines (Kα, Kβ, Lα, L(β, Mα and Mβ) are available for analysis purposes.The procedure itself is based upon the classical ZAF approach in which corrections for atomic number (Z), x-ray absorption (A), characteristic fluorescence (Fl) and continuum fluorescence (F2) are treated independently. The factors dealing with fluorescence are essentially those of Reed (characteristic) and Springer (continuum) although both contain minor updates. However, the atomic number and absorption factors are the authors' own and the latter, developed from a quadrilateral representation of the x-ray distribution with depth in a solid, distinguishes this program from others.
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Aini, S. S., Sahari B. Barkawi, Aidy Ali, A. A. Nuraini, A. A. Faieza, Tuan Hafandi Tuan Ismail, M. Shahril, et al. "Introducing Fatigue Contour Plot in LS-Pre Post LSDYNA Finite Element Crash Simulation Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.275.
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In this study, a computer program for calculating fatigue life of component is developed and introduced in LS-PrePost software. The program is written in Fortran programming language and the fatigue life equations used is taken from well-published literature. The materials covered are steel and aluminum. The developed program is able to read stress, strain and element values from d3plot and the keyword file. Having extracted the output from d3plot and keyword file, the fatigue life is then calculated and presented into a separate file called FATIGUE. The integration of output from FATIGUE will is displayed in LS-PrePost. Finally, the results of fatigue life contour are successfully displayed through LS-PrePost.
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Galassi, Giuseppe, and Richard V. Mattessich. "Some Clarification to the Evolution of the Electronic Spreadsheet." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2014): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-51114.
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ABSTRACT As early as 1961 Mattessich suggested (in an article in The Accounting Review) to use budget simulation in form of a computerized spreadsheet. This was followed up by him in a mathematical model, outlined in his book Accounting and Analytical Methods (Mattessich 1964a) with a corresponding computer program (in FORTRAN IV on mainframe computers), including illustrations in a companion volume (Simulation of the Firm through a Budget Computer Program, Mattessich 1964b). Five years later (in 1969) Rene Pardo and Remy Landau co-presented “LANPAR” (LANguage for Programming Arrays at Random) at Random Corporation. This electronic spreadsheet type was also used on mainframe computers for budgeting at Bell Canada, AT&T, Bell operating companies, and General Motors. In 1978, Dan Bricklin and Robert Frankston introduced VisiCalc, the first commercialized spreadsheet program for personal desktop (Apple) computers. This program became the trailblazer for future developments of electronic spreadsheets.
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Tan, Hai Chao. "Nonlinear Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Strip Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.921.
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As the progress of theory and computer technology, nonlinear analysis is widely applied in civil engineering. Strip method, as one of the numerical methods, is used widely especially in the analysis of beams, columns and shell structures. The first half of this paper introduces the theoretical model and the basic assumptions of the strip method; the latter half of this paper compiles the strip method into computer program using FORTRAN language. At last, using beams with rectangular cross-section of reinforced concrete structures as an example, the paper analyze the factors, such as the strength of the steel bars, which have an impact on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures.
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Pan, D., and R. S. Sharp. "Automatic Formulation of Dynamic Equations of Motion of Robot Manipulators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 202, no. 6 (November 1988): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_141_02.
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Based on the use of homogeneous transformation matrices with Denavit-Hartenberg notation and the Lagrangian formulation method, a general computer program ROBDYN.RED for the symbolic derivation of dynamic equations of motion for robot manipulators has been developed and is discussed in this paper. The program is developed by using REDUCE, an algebraic manipulation language, and is versatile for open-chain structure robot manipulators with any number of degrees of freedom and with any combination of types of joint. Considerations are also given to saving computer memory space required for execution and to minimizing the runtime. Several examples are included to demonstrate the use of the program. Equations of motion in scalar form can be automatically transferred to FORTRAN format for later numerical simulations. The efficiency of the resulting equations in terms of numerical integration is also discussed and some further developments to improve the efficiency are suggested.
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Ju, Hai Yan, Gui Qing Gao, Jian Hua Li, Jiang Qian Zhao, and Zhang Ming Li. "The Stability Analysis of Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall System and the Study of its Reinforcement Optimization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 2389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.2389.
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Because the relationship is not considered between physical behavior and cross sections of bars, the conventional reinforced earth retaining wall design based on constant value would lead to some limitations: the haul-resistant coefficient of the top wall is not enough, but it goes beyond at the bottom of retaining wall. In the paper, considering the SARMA method, based on computing formula of traditional slope stability, the detailed programme is realized by the language of FORTRAN, it can make up deficiency that lies in the tradition reinforced earth retaining wall by considering the relationship of physical behavior and cross sections, lengths and layers of bars. Finally, the system program has been applied to a slope treatment project in Guangzhou. Compared with the design method of traditional regulations, it is demonstrated that the optimum length required is obtained, the cross section and length of bars are fully used, and the design is simplified.
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Taylor, J. C. "Computer Programs for Standardless Quantitative Analysis of Minerals Using the Full Powder Diffraction Profile." Powder Diffraction 6, no. 1 (March 1991): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600016778.
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AbstractA Fortran 77 computer program has been developed for the quantitative analysis of minerals by multiphase profile analysis of the complete powder diffraction pattern. Featured are full-matrix least-squares refinement of 14 Rietveld “instrumental parameters” (phase scales, asymmetry, preferred orientations (March model), linewidths, instrument zero, lineshapes and unit cell dimensions), Brindley particle absorption contrast factors and amorphicity corrections. The program uses a crystal structure Databank, which contains information on absorption coefficients, unit cell data and crystal structures for some 90 common minerals. New minerals can be easily added. Structure parameters are also refinable by a profile decomposition method using a program called STRUCT. The sum of the calculated patterns, derived from the crystal structure data, is fitted to the observed pattern by a program called TRACSCAL which runs in singlepass multiphase mode and, after the above corrections have been applied, the weight percentages of the component phases are calculated from the Rietveld scaling factors.The program runs on an IBM-compatible AT computer with 640K of RAM, on an extended memory AT, or a mainframe system. Examples of its use are given with standard mixtures and naturally occurring specimens. On an AT computer with 20MHz clock speed a scaling run, including data input, reading of the pattern, processing of (hkl) files, calculation of the profile and one cycle of least squares fitting takes about 30 seconds for binary standard mixtures and about 2.5 minutes for a 7-phase natural bauxite pattern containing 320 independent (hkl) reflections.
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Felez, J., C. Vera, I. San Jose, and R. Cacho. "BONDYN: A Bond Graph Based Simulation Program for Multibody Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896200.
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This paper presents the BONDYN program (BONd graph DYNamics) as a procedure for simulating dynamic systems. It is based on bond graph theory and provides a means for treating dynamic systems that simultaneously include various physical domains. The program makes use of the bond graph module handling facility in order to build a general model starting from simple submodels. Although the latter can be defined by the user, a library has been appended to the preprocessor which includes some of these submodels. Special developments for simulating multibody systems can be found among them. Once the overall bond graph has been assembled the program builds the state equations of the system in the form of a subroutine that can be accepted by a high level language compiler, which is FORTRAN 77 in this case. Simulation outputs can be shown either graphically or in a table.
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Baes, C., and N. Reinsch. "Computing the condensed conditional gametic QTL relationship matrix and its inverse." Archives Animal Breeding 50, no. 3 (October 10, 2007): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-50-294-2007.
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Abstract. The inverse of the conditional gametic relationship matrix (G-1) for a marked quantitative trait locus (MQTL) is required for estimation of gametic effects in best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of breeding values if marker data are available. Calculation of the "condensed" gametic relationship matrix G* – a version of G where linear dependencies have been removed – and its inverse G*-1 is described using a series of simplified equations following a known algorithm. The software program COBRA (covariance between relatives for a marked QTL) is introduced, and techniques for storing and computing the condensed gametic relationship matrix G* and the non-zero elements of its inverse are discussed. The program operates with both simple pedigrees and those augmented by transmission probabilities derived from marker data. Using sparse matrix storage techniques, G* and its inverse can be efficiently stored in computer memory. COBRA is written in FORTRAN 90/95 and runs on a variety of computers. Pedigree data and information for a single MQTL in the German Holstein population are used to test the efficiency of the program.
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Hunt, John A. "Computer-aided parallel EELS techniques: acquisition, processing, & imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100153968.
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The recent commercial introduction of the parallel detection electron energy-loss spectrometer has undoubtedly made electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) more viable as a technique for routine microanalysis. Additionally, the increased recording efficiency of parallel EELS (PEELS) warrants the use of more involved acquisition and processing techniques than was necessary, or even possible with serial EELS. This increased complexity places greater demands on the computer systems controlling data acquisition. Multichannel analyzers systems with small resources and limited programming facilities are not capable of exploiting the full capabilities of the PEELS spectrometer.Preliminary efforts of the author with the Gatan PEELS spectrometer were concentrated on development of a flexible acquisition system at National Institutes of Health. Hardware control is performed through machine-language drivers called from high-level languages (HLL) such as FORTRAN and C. The software drivers and hardware were designed to minimize processor involvement in the data collection process, resulting in the capability to collect data while processing continues within the parent HLL. This design simplifies the HLL program structure and minimizes data collection dead time.
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Cheng, Hongmei, Ning Zhang, Yugui Yang, Weihong Peng, and Heng Chen. "A Study on the Mechanical Mechanism of Injection Heat to Increase Production of Gas in Low-Permeability Coal Seam." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122332.
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This paper puts forward a new mathematical model, which is a coal damage-heat-fluid-solid multi-field coupling theory, in order to reveal the mechanical mechanism of the increase of coal-bed methane recovery through thermal stimulation, and to evaluate its effect. The strain field is introduced to define the damage of coal by considering of the effects of temperature, gas pressure, and mining stress of the coal seam. It is used to quantitatively describe the degree of coal rupture and damage. Additionally, the elastic and damage constitutive equation of coal and rock mass, the governing equation of the temperature field, and the coupling equation of gas diffusion and seepage are established. Based on these equations, the finite element source program is redeveloped by using the FORTRAN language, and a multi-field coupling analysis program is compiled. This program takes the temperature, the gas seepage, and the damage and deformation of coal and rock mass into consideration. The effect of heat injection temperature on gas production efficiency, gas pressure distribution, and effective extraction radius during coal-bed methane mining process is analyzed. The results show that the injection of heat can significantly improve the desorption and diffusion of gas, as well as the gas production rate and the production efficiency of coal-bed methane.
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Tu, Chia-Huei, Jia-Jyun Dong, Chao-Shi Chen, Chien-Chung Ke, Jyun-Yong Jhan, and Hsien Jui Yu. "Two-Dimensional Stress Intensity Factor Analysis of Cracks in Anisotropic Bimaterial." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/721656.
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This paper presents a 2D numerical technique based on the boundary element method (BEM) for the analysis of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) problems on stress intensity factors (SIFs) involving anisotropic bimaterials. The most outstanding feature of this analysis is that it is a singledomain method, yet it is very accurate, efficient, and versatile (i.e., the material properties of the medium can be anisotropic as well as isotropic). A computer program using the BEM formula translation (FORTRAN 90) code was developed to effectively calculate the stress intensity factors (SIFs) in an anisotropic bi-material. This BEM program has been verified and showed good accuracy compared with the previous studies. Numerical examples of stress intensity factor calculation for a straight crack with various locations in both finite and infinite bimaterials are presented. It was found that very accurate results can be obtained using the proposed method, even with relatively simple discretization. The results of the numerical analysis also show that material anisotropy can greatly affect the stress intensity factor.
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Smith, G. David. "Matching selenium-atom peak positions with a different hand or origin." Journal of Applied Crystallography 35, no. 3 (May 16, 2002): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889802002789.
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An algorithm is described for matching and correlating two or more sets of peaks or atoms. The procedure is particularly useful for matching putative selenium atoms from a selenium-atom substructure as obtained fromEmaps from two or more random-atom trials. The algorithm will work for any space group exceptP1. For non-polar space groups, the procedure is relatively straightforward. For polar space groups, the calculation is performed in projection along the polar axis in order to identify potential matching peaks, and an iterative procedure is used to eliminate incorrect peaks and to calculate the displacement along the polar axis. The algorithm has been incorporated into a computer program,NANTMRF, written in Fortran 90. Less than 0.5 s are required to match 27 peaks in space groupP21, and the output lists the correct origin, enantiomorph, symmetry operations, and provides the relative displacements between pairs of matching peaks.
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Коptovets, O., L. Shyrin, O. Yavorska, and A. Herasymenko. "Identification and study of the characteristics of friction oscillations in the brake." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 73 (June 2023): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/73.033.
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Purpose.The task of researching modes of established frictional oscillations of the braking mechanism is to find a solution to the initial dynamic problem with friction that satisfies the periodicity conditions. At the same time, the period of motion of the dynamic system is not known in advance. This dynamic system is described by a non-linear dissipative non-autonomous system of differential equations. The methods. The developed technique of spectral analysis of the braking mechanism's oscillations is based on the assumption that its movements are periodic. If deterministic chaos occurs in the analyzed dynamic system, then the autocorrelation function of the time series of movements must have a finite carrier, that is, vanish outside a finite time interval. Findings. In the paper, the method of computational experiment is used to identify and study the characteristics of oscillatory processes in brake mechanisms. At the first stage of the computational experiment, a numerical solution of the considered dynamic problem with friction is carried out using a computational algorithm. As a result, the time series of block movements are calculated. At the second stage of the computational experiment, the obtained time series are studied. The originality. The paper uses phase diagrams in the "displacement-velocity" variables to analyze the process of establishing the oscillations of the brake mechanism and visual detection of attractors. When studying the dependence of amplitudes of displacements, velocities and accelerations of the dynamic system under consideration on changes in its parameters, the method of continuation by parameter was used with a stepwise change in the parameters of the system. Practical implementation. The developed mathematical model of vibrations of the braking mechanism and the computational algorithm for its numerical study are implemented in the form of a computer program for personal computers in the FORTRAN algorithmic language. Almost all available commercial compilers can be used to compile the program, including Compaq Visual Fortran 6.6 and Intel Visual Fortran 10, as well as non-commercial compilers distributed under the GNU license.
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Kandouci, Ch. "Whirling Analysis of Stepped Timoshenko Shaft Carrying Several Rigid Disks." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 2 (April 15, 2022): 97–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v19i2.19767.
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Rotor system is the main part of turbomachines. Critical speeds occur when the rotor spin-speed matches with its natural frequencies, and result in great vibration amplitudes often leading to catastrophic failure. Design specifications based on these critical speeds become essential for the engineer. In this paper, whirling vibrations of a spinning, stepped Timoshenko shaft carrying three identical rigid disks are solved using a developed program in Fortran 90 language, based on relationships between the solution coefficient vectors of differential equations of motion. The flexural vibrations are considered in two orthogonal planes. Shear deformation, rotary inertia, and gyroscopic moments are taken into account. This study shows that in the case of the Timoshenko model, the relationship matrix form between the aforementioned vectors presents an advantage, that reduces the number of multiplied matrices when adjacent shaft segments have the same mechanical and geometric properties. The presented approach and Natanson's technique are combined to determine the whirling mode shapes. The accuracy of the presented technique is confirmed by comparing the obtained results with those available in the literature.
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Stringer, James C., L. Kent Thomas, and Ray G. Pierson. "Efficiency of D4 Gaussian Elimination on a Vector Computer." Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal 25, no. 01 (February 1, 1985): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11082-pa.
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Abstract The efficiency of D4 Gaussian elimination on a vector computer, the Cray- 1/S, it examined. The algorithm used in this work is employed routinely in Phillips Petroleum Co. reservoir simulation models. Comparisons of scalar Phillips Petroleum Co. reservoir simulation models. Comparisons of scalar and vector Cray-1/S times are given for various example cases including multiple unknowns per gridblock. Vectorization of the program on the Cray- 1/S is discussed. Introduction In reservoir simulation, the solution of large systems of linear equations accounts for a substantial percentage of the computation time. Methods used today consist of both iterative and direct solution algorithms. Because of the theoretical savings in both storage and computing labor, D4 Gaussian elimination is a popular direct solution algorithm and is used widely on conventional scalar computers. In this paper we investigate the efficiency of the D4 algorithm on a computer with vector processing capabilities-the Cray-1/S. The D4 (or alternate diagonal) algorithm originally was presented by Price and Coats in 1973. Since that time much work has been done on the Price and Coats in 1973. Since that time much work has been done on the algorithm including an investigation by Nolen on the vector performance of D4 on the CDC Star 100 and Cyber 203 on single-unknown-per-gridblock example cases. Levesque has presented a comparison of the Cray-1 and Cyber 205 in reservoir simulation that includes the D4 algorithm. Vector performance of the Cray-1 on linear algebra kernels, both sparse and dense, performance of the Cray-1 on linear algebra kernels, both sparse and dense, also has been reported. Vector performance on these kernels typically is expressed in terms of million floating point operations per second (MFLOPS). Our objective here is to evaluate vector performance on a typical production code written in FORTRAN for a scalar computer. Therefore, performance, or efficiency, will be evaluated in terms of both scalar and vector CPU times on the Cray-1/S. We include vector performance on the original code with automatic vectorization enabled, and vector performance on the same code with minor restructuring, automatic performance on the same code with minor restructuring, automatic vectorization enabled, and the use of Cray assembly language (CAL) basic linear algebra kernels. Example cases for multiple unknowns per gridblock are presented. Reservoir Flow Equations The reservoir flow equations written using a seven-point finite difference formulation can be expressed as ...........................(1) where the terms A, B... G are matrices of order N equal to the number of unknowns per gridblock. represents the vector of unknowns at cell i, j, k, and H is the vector of residuals of the flow equations at cell i, j, k at iteration . Values of N from 1 to 10 typically are encountered depending on the type of simulator and the degree of implicitness used. For example, N is equal to one for an implicit pressure, explicit saturation (IMPES) black-oil model; three for a fully implicit black-oil model; five for an implicit three-component steamflood model and usually 10 or less for an implicit compositional model. Driver Program To facilitate timing studies in this work, a driver program was written to calculate coefficients for the D4 Gaussian elimination routine. Input to the program consists of grid dimensions and the number of unknowns per gridblock. All elements of the off-diagonal matrices (A, C, D... G) were set equal to 1. To guarantee a nonsingular solution, the B matrix was set equal to -5 for one unknown and as below for N unknowns. ............................(2) Right-side coefficients, H, were calculated by assuming a unit solution for . No-flow boundary conditions were used, which require specific matrices, such as A for I = 1 and C for I = NX, to be set equal to zero. Description of Hardware and Software All run times reported in this work were obtained on the Cray-1/S, Serial No. 23, at United Computing Systems in Kansas City, MO. Serial No. 23 contains 1 million 64-bit words of central memory interleaved in 16 memory banks and no input/output (I/O) subsystems. The FORTRAN compiler used was CFT 1.09. CPU times were obtained by calling SECOND, a FORTRAN-callable utility routine that returns CPU time since the start of the job in FPS'S. CPU overhead incurred for each call to SECOND is approximately 2.5 microseconds. For all reported Cray-1/S times, "vector" refers to the original FORTRAN code run with automatic vectorization enabled, which is the normal operating mode. SPEJ p. 121
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Khater, Hany, Talal Abu-El-Maty, and El-Din El-Morshdy. "Thermal-hydraulic modeling of reactivity accidents in MTR reactors." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 21, no. 2 (2006): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0602021k.
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This paper describes the development of a dynamic model for the thermal-hydraulic analysis of MTR research reactors during a reactivity insertion accident. The model is formulated for coupling reactor kinetics with feedback reactivity and reactor core thermal-hydraulics. To represent the reactor core, two types of channels are considered, average and hot channels. The developed computer program is compiled and executed on a personal computer, using the FORTRAN language. The model is validated by safety-related benchmark calculations for MTR-TYPE reactors of IAEA 10 MW generic reactor for both slow and fast reactivity insertion transients. A good agreement is shown between the present model and the benchmark calculations. Then, the model is used for simulating the uncontrolled withdrawal of a control rod of an ETRR-2 reactor in transient with over power scram trip. The model results for ETRR-2 are analyzed and discussed.
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Jalil, Jalal M., and Salih M. Salih. "Analysis of Thermal and Insulation Performance of Double Glazed Window Doped With Paraffin Wax." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 3A (March 25, 2020): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i3a.448.
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In this paper, a numerical investigation has been performed to study the effect of varying the thermal properties of the paraffin wax on the performance of a double glazed window doped with it during the summer climate of Baghdad (33.3 °N, 44.4 °E). Using FORTRAN (f 90) constructed computer program, finite difference combined with the enthalpy method was utilized to deal with the conduction with phase change problems within the wax. Results obtained show that increasing the density, latent heat, and thickness of the paraffin wax PCM) would increase the temperature-time lag and reduce the temperature decrement factor of the double glazed window, and as a result, improve comparatively the performance of the unit. In contrast, changing the specific heat capacity of the paraffin wax is not a productive (inefficient) technique to develop the performance of the unit. Besides, the recommended thickness of the window (thickness of the PCM) under the ambient condition of Baghdad should be 20 mm or higher.
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Spoiala, Viorica, Helga Silaghi, and Dragos Spoiala. "Applied Mathematics in the Numerical Modelling of the Electromagnetic Field in Reference to Drying Dielectrics in the RF Field." Mathematics 12, no. 4 (February 8, 2024): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12040526.
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The processing of dielectric materials in the radio frequency field continues to be a concern in engineering. This procedure involves a rigorous analysis of the electromagnetic field based on specific numerical methods. This paper presents an original method for analysing the process of drying wooden boards in a radio frequency (RF) installation. The electromagnetic field and thermal field are calculated using the finite element method (FEM). The load capacity of the installation is also calculated, since the material being heated in the radio frequency heating installations is placed in a capacitor-type applicator. A specific method is created in order to solve the problem related to mass, a quantity which tends to change during the drying of the dielectric. In addition, special consideration is given to issues regarding the coupling of the electromagnetic field and the thermal field, along with aspects pertaining to mass. These are implemented numerically using a program written in the Fortran language, which takes the distribution of finite elements from the Flux2D program, the dielectric thermal module, intended only for the study of RF heating. The results obtained after running the program are satisfactory and they represent a support for future studies, especially if the movement of the dielectric is taken into account.
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Cao, X., H. Miyashita, T. Kako, Z. Zhang, and B. Song. "Thermal Analysis of Expressway Considering Wind Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 419 (October 2013): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.419.895.
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This paper reports a method of thermal analysis of expressway and the results of analysis of four expressways currently used in Japan. The authors built a mathematical model based on the principle of thermal conduction. For the boundary conditions in this mathematical model the influence of solar radiation, wind and air temperature etc. are taken into consideration. Explicit finite difference method is used in the analysis. The authors made an analysis program in Fortran language. Four main expressways distributing from the northern to the southern in Japan are chosen as the objects of this study. The observed weather data of the hottest days experienced by these expressways during the past 30 years is input into the computer calculation. The basic mechanism of expressway temperature change and effect factors are illuminated. The results are reported and discussed.
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McKee, Jane. "Computer-assisted vocabulary acquisition: an evaluation of the text analysis program." ReCALL 5, no. 8 (May 1993): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000005383.
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The Text Analysis Program (TAP) was designed by a team from the Department of European Studies and Modern Languages and the Computer Services Department of the University of Ulster with a view to enhancing language learning techniques for third level language students. Work on the program was funded jointly by the CTI and the University of Ulster. A Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) program was also developed as part of the same project. The program came into service in the academic year 1989-90 when it was tested on three groups of students. Some minor modifications were made before it was reused in 1990-91 and 1991-92 with the group of students who seemed to us most likely to benefit from its use. It is now undergoing further adjustment in the light of the second and third year's experience and is set to become a permanent feature of second year teaching on the BA (Hons) International Business Communication course (IBC). The present paper seeks to evaluate the program under two headings: ease of use and effectiveness as a means of enhancing linguistic awareness and language learning techniques.
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Hadi Al-Hafidh, Manal, and Lina S. Safwat. "PARAMETRIC STUDY OF NATURAL CONVECTIVE AND RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER IN INCLINED CYLINDRICAL ANNULI." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2011.1.3.
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The unsteady state laminar mixed convection and radiation through inclinedcylindrical annulus is investigated numerically. The two heat transfer mechanisms ofconvection and radiation are treated independently and simultaneously. The outercylinder was kept at a constant temperature while the inner cylinder was heated withconstant heat flux. The study involved numerical solution of the governing equationswhich are continuity, momentum and energy equations using finite difference method(FDM), where the body fitted coordinate system (BFC) was used to generate the gridmesh for computational plane. A computer program (Fortran 90) was built to calculatethe bulk Nusselt number (Nub) after reaching steady state condition for fluid Prandtlnumber fixed at (Pr =0.7) (for air) with radius ratio ( =1.5, 2.6, 5.0), Rayleigh number(0≤Ra≤103),Reynolds number (50≤Re≤2000), dimensionless heat generation (0≤Q≤10),Conduction-Radiation parameter (0≤N≤10), optical thickness (0 ≤ t≤ 10) and differentannulus inclination with horizontal plane (0°≤δ≤90°). For the range of parametersconsidered, results show that radiation enhance heat transfer. It is also indicated in theresults that Nu increase with the increasing of inclination angle δ, Ra, Re, and Q. Thecorrelation equations are concluded to describe the radiation effect.Comparison of the result with the previous work shows a good agreement.
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Do, Binh Quang. "OPTIMIZATION OF FUEL RELOADING PATTERNS FOR A RESEARCH REACTOR BY SIMULATED ANNEALING." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 1 (March 30, 2011): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i1.1885.
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This article presents results obtained from a research into an application of simulated annealing method to the in-core fuel reloading pattern optimization for a research reactor. The decision variable of the optimization problem is a fuel reloading pattern for the next cycle after the present cycle finishes. The objective function maximizes the effective multiplication factor keff at the beginning of cycle while it is established to include an important safety paramater – the power peaking factor, in search process. A procedure for searching the optimal solutions was formed and a computer code was developed in the Fortran language running on PCs. Nuclear safety parameters for the optimization problem are provided from the results of the multigroup neutron diffusion theory computation program CITATION. A sample calculation was performed to find the optimal fuel reloading patterns for the second cycle of the Dalat research reactor and the results are presented in this article.
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Suárez-Carreño, Franyelit, Luis Rosales-Romero, José Salazar, Patricia Acosta-Vargas, Henry-Fabricio Mendoza-Cedeño, Hernán Edwin Verde-Luján, and Omar Flor-Unda. "Simulation of Wave Propagation Using Finite Differences in Oil Exploration." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2023): 8852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158852.
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This paper presents a numerical solution for the 2D acoustic wave equation, considering heterogeneous media. It has been developed through a software in Fortran 90 that uses a second-order finite difference approximation. This program generates a set of patterns to detect the presence of oil in the subsurface. The algorithm is based on a geological domain where the sources (shots) and receivers are located. Each process takes care of a subset of sources and returns to the primary method patterns and seismograms corresponding to its group of sources. In the end, an image of the resulting seismogram is shown along the analyzed geologic profile. Stability and convergence tests were performed to ensure the reliability of the results. These tests were performed using a geological profile 100,000 m long and 17,400 m deep, divided into strata. For the execution of the software, a cluster of 16 processors was used as a computational platform.
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Madlazim, M., and Bagus Jaya Santosa. "Computational physics Using Python: Implementing Maxwell Equation for Circle Polarization." Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) 1, no. 1 (June 14, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v1n1.p1-7.
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Python is a relatively new computing language, created by Guido van Rossum [A.S. Tanenbaum, R. van Renesse, H. van Staveren, G.J. Sharp, S.J. Mullender, A.J. Jansen, G. van Rossum, Experiences with the Amoeba distributed operating system, Communications of the ACM 33 (1990) 46–63; also on-line at http://www.cs.vu.nl/pub/amoeba/, which is particularly suitable for teaching a course in computational physics. There are two questions to be considered: (i) For whom is the course intended? (ii) What are the criteria for a suitable language, and why choose Python? The criteria include the nature of the application. High performance computing requires a compiled language, e.g., FORTRAN. For some applications a computer algebra, e.g., Maple, is appropriate. For teaching, and for program development, an interpreted language has considerable advantages: Python appears particularly suitable. Python‟s attractions include (i) its system of modules which makes it easy to extend, (ii) its excellent graphics (VPython module), (iii) its excellent on line documentation, (iv) it is free and can be downloaded from the web. Python and VPython will be described briefly, and some programs demonstrated numerical and animation of some phenomenal physics. In this article, we gave solution of circle polarization by solving Maxwell equation.
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Razouki, Sabah S., and Zena R. Al-Ani. "BENDING MOMENT INFLUENCE SURFACES FOR RECTANGULAR CONCRETE PLATES SIMPLY SUPPORTED AT THREE EDGES AND BUILT-IN AT THE FOURTH EDGE." Journal of Engineering 16, no. 02 (June 1, 2010): 4795–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2010.02.06.
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Presented in this paper is a series of bending moment influence surfaces for concrete rectangular plates simply supported at three edges and built-in at the fourth edge. The solutions are obtained analytically on the basis of thin plate's theory with small deflection using double Fourier series. The influence surfaces are presented for two observation points namely the center of the plate as well as the midpoint of the built-in edge. A computer program was written in FORTRAN language to generate the influence surfaces making use of the developed analytical solutions of this work. The validity of the computer solution was confirmed by comparing its results with published results for zero Poisson's ratio and excellent agreement was obtained. An application of the influence surfaces for the case of a line load as well as a strip load is also presented.The paper reveals that the bending moment influence surfaces depend on the actual value of Poisson's ratio, aspect ratio of the plate, and position of the observation point.
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Ait Slimane, Baussad, Brahim Menacer, and Mostefa Bouchetara. "Analytical and Experimental Study of a Naturally Aspirated Indirect Injection 4-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine." Mechanics 25, no. 6 (December 4, 2019): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.25.6.23277.
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One of the objectives of this study is to elaborate an engine cycle simulation program in FORTRAN language to analyze the influence of operating parameters on the performance (theeffective power, torque and specific fuel consumption) of a four-stroke gasoline engine (Ford ZSG 416 gasoline engine) for different engine operating parameters. The GT-Powerengine simulation software was used to compare the results obtained with the developed computer program and to improve it. In this program, a single-zone thermodynamicmodel was considered, which describes each phase of the engine cycle. In order to validate the developed program, a comparison of the experimental results with those obtainedusing GT-Power software was carried out. The other objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of a number of significant engine parameters such as compression ratio, cylinder wall temperature, cylinder diameter, stroke-bore ratio and ignition angle on the performance of the chosen engine. Examining the experimental results and those obtained with the developed program, it was observed that the power difference was in the order of ± 3%, the torque difference was ± 6%, while the BSFC difference was about ± 10%. It has been noted that the most significant parameters in improving the performance of the gasoline engine are the compression ratio, the fuel/air ratio, the engine geometry and the ignition begin. The variation of these parameters was not arbitrary, the knock criteria, in other words, the achievement of normal combustion were taken into account.
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Vacc, Nancy N. "Individualizing Mathematics Drill and Practice: Variations on a Computer Program." Arithmetic Teacher 34, no. 7 (March 1987): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.34.7.0043.
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In less than a decade, we have progressed from the rare situation of a school system having its own microcomputer to at least 85 percent of the schools in the United States having one or more microcomputers (Becker 1983). Although empirical studies supporting successful uses of microcomputers to supplement classroom instruction appear in the literature (e.g., Bradley [1982]; McDermott and Watkins [1983]; Ragosta, Holland and Jamison [1982]; Vacc [in press]), effective use of this new technology to assist with classroom instruction remains a concern. A major problem is inadequate available software. More than 90 percent of the educational computer programs reviewed by classroom teachers hired by a National Education Association foundation were found to be unacceptable (“Flunked Software” 1984), as were 95 percent of the language-arts software reviewed by subject-area leaders attending a meeting of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (Otto 1984).
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Farrokh, Parisa. "Social-Personalized versus Computer-Personalized Methods to Teaching English Learners' Reading Comprehension Ability." Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research 7, no. 3 (October 14, 2017): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/remie.2017.2775.
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The present study was out to compare new approaches computer assisted language learning, personalized learning program versus traditional approach to teaching second language reading comprehension ability among Iranian English learners. The participants in this study were 90 students who studied at a university of Applied Sciences and Technology in Rasht, Iran. All the participants were randomly assigned into three groups, one control group and two experimental groups. The control group went through a traditional method of teaching reading skill in the classroom. The first experimental group received a personalized learning instruction. The second experimental group went through a personalized learning program supported by a computer assisted language learning system (CALL). At the end of the treatment, a posttest was administrated to three groups to find out the effects of the new instruction. The results of this study revealed that the second experimental group who received treatment through CALL- based personalized learning approach.
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Davies, Ross A., and Masoom A. Haider. "Application of a relational database management language and artificial intelligence to a heart transplant computer program." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 15, no. 2 (February 1990): A262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(90)92761-p.
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DAI, Zhongning, Chaigang Ren, and Fujia Yang. "Nuclear Microprobe and Micro-PIXE Analysis of Thick Target: Program and Its Applications." International Journal of PIXE 08, no. 01 (January 1998): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083598000054.
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PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission), mainly Proton Induced X-ray Emission, has been developed into a well established technique for elemental analysis, especially for trace elemental analysis down to ppm or even ppb level. Nuclear Microprobe is a quickly developing technique around the world for 2 dimensional or even 3 dimensional element analysis if several nuclear analytical techniques, such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) can be available at the same time. The present resolution of NMP can be down to less than 1μm. To thick target analysis, i.e., the energy loss effect and the consequent X-ray cross section Change with the depth can not be neglected, therefore we have to consider the process of particle interactions with atoms in detail. In this article, NMP (Nuclear Micro-Probe) and micro-PIXE analysis of thick target, which are mainly involved into the process of ions interaction with atoms, are reviewed on the basis of work what we have done at Fudan University. The software package TSPIXE (PIXE analysis of Thick Sample), which includes different versions for different applications, developed at Fudan University for quantitative analysis of thick target and simulation of PIXE and micro-PIXE spectra are described and its performance is demonstrated too. The TSPIXE package, which includes TSPIXE version I, version II, version III and TSμPIXE, was written in FORTRAN and C computer language and can be run at PC computer under MSDOS or WINDOWS environment. From the different demonstrations and applications we can see the package is very useful to quantitative analysis of thick samples and to understand the relationships between elemental X-ray intensity distributions and concentration distributions, sample structure, beam size and etc.
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Abdulla, Najdat N., and Alaalddin A. Ismail. "EFFECT OF ROTATING CYLINDER ON THE DRAG FORCE OF A ROAD TRUCK VEHICLE." Journal of Engineering 17, no. 03 (June 1, 2011): 636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2011.03.22.
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The effect on aerodynamic drag of a truck by controlling the boundary layer separation using a rotatingcylinder on leading edge of the truck-trailer is investigated numerically. The flow was assumed to be steady, incompressible, turbulent, and two-dimensional passing over the top surface of the truck. The boundary condition for all the boundaries of the truck was set as well as the cylinder was treated as a moving wall with a specific rotational velocity. The developed computational algorithm is tested for the flow over a flat plate (8m) long with various free stream inlet relative velocity (U∞) which are considered the same as truck velocity and has the values (40, 60, 90, and 120) km/h. The effect of cylinder diameter (10,20,30,and 40) , rotational speed (1000-5000 r.p.m) and free stream velocity on the aerodynamic drag and pressure distribution of the flow field were investigated. The governing equations which used are the continuity, momentum, and the (K-ε) turbulence model. These equations are approximated by using a finite volume method, with staggered grid and modified SIMPLE algorithm. A computer program in FORTRAN 90 is built to perform the numerical solution.The numerical results show that, the optimum cases for inlet free stream relative velocity (U∞) values( 40,60) km/h, a significant reduction of drag coefficient equal to 80% and 77% respectively was obtained by useing a speed of rotation and diameter size equal to 5000 r.p.m and 40 cm , for (U∞) value( 90 )km/h a reduction equal to76%, and for (U∞) equal to (120) km/h a reduction equal to 60% was obtained . These optimum results lade to reduce the effect of the aerodynamic drag on the vehicle by delaying the separation zone of boundary layer and enhancing the pressure gradient of the flow field. Comparison of the results with the available previous published experimental and fluent program results was investigated.
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Bentahar, Mohammed, and Habib Benzaama. "Application of SFEM Method to Analyse Crack Parameters of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Material." International Journal of Applied and Structural Mechanics, no. 36 (November 30, 2023): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/ijasm.36.25.33.
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The application of numerical methods, today occupies a much needed place for modeling, and for finding solutions to any problem related to fatigue and damage to materials. This article deals numerically with the evolution of the stress intensity factor and the integral of the contour J in I mode, of an initial rectilinear crack of languor a=0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8 and 3.5mm, with different ratio, a/w=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5mm. By the stretching finite element method (SFEM) of the (UHMWPE) Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene material. On the other hand, the creation of the parametric mesh based on the computer language (FORTRAN) and to create a model of the square crack front with 5 contours of size L=1mm. In addition, the simulation was done by Abaqus 16.3.1 code. The maximal circumferential stress criterion MCSC were applied. Other materials like Alu20- 17 and Steel XC65-90 were used to make the comparison. Crack parameters, such as stress intensity factors KI, KII and J-contour integral were evaluated. The results obtained in our work have justified that there is proportionality between the three materials.
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Hussain, Hisham A. "An Increasing of the Thermal and Internal Efficiency for Steam Power Plant by Using the Best Economic Method." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 22, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.22.2.08.
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The present work is devoted by an experimental study for an important parameters to increasing the thermal and internal efficiency for a steam power plant by reducing the condenser pressure, but there is a problem in condenser performance which is, air inter to inside condenser prevents it to continue with the same production. The experimental work was conducted using the steam power plant (Didacta- Italia) made in the university of Damascus/ syria .This study aim to (1) Reducing the condenser pressure to increase the thermal efficiency, (2)The condenser efficiency must be constant with time by suction of air collection inside the condenser to make the quantities of air (inside and outside) is equal. By Reducing the condenser operating pressure to (0.45 bar, 0.40 bar, 0.35 bar, 0.30 bar, 0.25bar) with all the other parameters are constant. A computer program (Fortran 90) was used . After the measurements and calculations for each state of reduced condenser pressure were given , the thermal efficiency increased by ratio 4.3% and the internal efficiency increased by ratio 2.1 % when the condenser pressure reduced to 0.25bar. Also, the max. efficiency of condenser was 80.09 % with constant production by the continuo of air suction .The results are represented graphical and discussed. The inclusions dependent on the results of this study.
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Bentahar, Mohammed, and Habib Benzaama. "Numerical simulation of two-dimensional crack propagation using stretching finite element method by Abaqus." Tribology and Materials 1, no. 4 (2022): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tribomat.2022.018.
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Fatigue is a phenomenon that appears in items subjected to cyclic loads. Thus, rupture and partial oxidation are initiated from the beginning of the process. For this, the study of such a problem of material in fracture mechanics is based on the numerical analysis of the characteristics of a crack. In this article, we propose a modelling of crack propagation by a new method of stretching the mesh by 2D finite element in mixed mode, based on the creation of the elements through a program in the computer language Fortran. The parametric mesh with 4 nodes (CPE4) was created to make the simulation and to characterise the stress intensity factors, by the Abaqus computer code. For this, the validation of stretching finite element method (SFEM) results is done by other methods: extended finite element method (XFEM) and analytical method to simulate the crack propagation. The stress intensity factor (SIF) is an essential parameter of this study. Two possibilities for determining the SIF have been retained: one by the numerical method of our choice and the other by the analytical method. Parameters to characterise the stress state at the crack front KI and KII were evaluated in two stages one by the crack length and the other by the a/c ratio.
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Ike, Samuel, Enyong Peter, and T. Olowu. "Programing the rewinding of a three-phase induction motor stator using interactive computer-aided design technique." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 4, no. 2 (April 29, 2015): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v4i2.3946.
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In this paper, a computer program was developed in MATLAB programming language and applied in the refurbishment of defective three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor using the computer-aided design technique/approach. The MATLAB programming language and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) analysis adopted aided the fast computation and convergence of a output result from the developed program that was used in the practical refurbishment of a defective 48-slot 3-phase squirrel-cage induction motor as well as the production of the entire stator winding. The result also revealed the motor as being a 4-pole type which lends itself easily to the lap winding pattern. The winding was practically developed using the program result data, installed, connected and tested. The speed realized from the post-refurbishment workshop test-running using the stroboscopic speed measuring instrument was 1500rpm. This was considered as good performance on no-load condition. The machine was allowed to run for about one hour during the workshop test-running without overheating. The computed output power was 20 kW. The estimated efficiency and power factor by CAD technique were 90 % and 0.9, respectively. These values were considered satisfactory.
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Kobayashi, Kent D. "DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SIMULATION MODELS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1176e—1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1176e.
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A simulation model consists of equations that represent the important relationships between components in a system, e.g., a plant or plant part. One of the purposes of simulation models is to simulate plant growth or plant growth processes to help further our understanding of plant growth and development. Simulation models are mechanistic or process based models that account for the physiological processes occurring in the system.Model development involves several steps. We define the problem and defuse the system, its entities, their attributes, and important relationships. A conceptual model is often expressed visually in a relational diagram showing the components and their relationships. This diagram is formally expressed as a simulation model through the use of equations repenting the relationships in the system. We often make assumptions regarding the components and their relationships to simply the model or because of a lack of knowledge. Simulation models are generally written using a simulation language such as CSMP or STELLA® or with a programming language such as FORTRAN or BASIC. The model is verified through checking the appropriateness of the relationships and the integrity of the computer program. The model is then validated through seeing bow well it simulates the behavior of the system. Simulation models provide additional insights by enabling us to ask “What if” questions by changing of the conditions of the model and seeing the resulting changes in plant growth.
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Zhang, Guang Yun, Peng Lan, and Nian Li Lu. "Development of Parameterized Modeling for Tower Crane." Advanced Materials Research 505 (April 2012): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.505.293.
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The development of parameterized modeling for ST8075 tower crane is based on finite element analysis software SAP84 and high-level programming language Fortran. According to the Saint-Venant principle, the special beam elements such as rotation joint and connection knots are specially reinforced if they don’t affect force analysis and deformation analysis of the whole structure. The tower crane is built into many small modules, which include balance arms, booms, tower body and so on. The developed program for the tower crane can realize the following functions: inputting the following parameters such as the tower body standard joint number, the boom combination type, working amplitude and hoisting weight, the computer can automatically generate hoisting points and get required crane with any tower body standard joints and booms’ combination type. According to inputted boom combination type and amplitude, the program will automatically judge the balance weight value applied to the balance arm, apply the balance weight, assure the variable-amplitude vehicle’s position, apply the hoisting load, apply the hanger weight and generate data files. It can calculate tower crane’s force state when the crane is working at various working case such as working state and storm case. After calculating the crane, inner forces can be checked and judged whether the beams meet the requirements of strength, stiffness and stability. It is easy to optimize the product design, reduce the crane’s potential risks and raise its safety assurance. It has important significance for research and development of new products.
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Wang, Zhen, Wen Bin Gu, Xing Bo Xie, Yu Tian Chen, and Lei Fu. "Meso-Complexity Computer Simulation Investigation on Antiexplosion Performance of Double-Layer Foam Aluminum under Pore Grading." Complexity 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4121926.
Full textAbstract:
Foam aluminum is an energy-absorbing material with excellent performance. The interlayer composed of multiple layers of foam aluminum and steel plate has good antiexplosion ability. In order to explore the antiexplosion performance of double-layer foam aluminum under different porosity rankings and to reveal its microscopic deformation law and failure mechanism, three kinds of aluminum foams with a porosity of 80%, 85%, and 90% were selected to form six different structures. Based on the Voronoi algorithm, a three-dimensional foam aluminum generation algorithm with random pore size and random wall thickness was written by using the Python language and Fortran language. The three-dimensional mesoscopic model of double-layer closed-cell aluminum foam sandwich panel is established by using LS-DYNA and ABAQUS software. The explosion process was simulated, and the flow field movement of explosion shock wave of aluminum foam under different porosity rankings was analyzed. Two groups of aluminum foam were randomly selected for the explosion test and compared for the strain and compression. The test results are consistent with the simulation results, which verifies the correctness of the three-dimensional meso-model. The results show that when the porosity of the upper layer of aluminum foam is greater than that of the lower layer of aluminum foam, the sandwich structure of double-layer aluminum foam has a large compression and the bottom plate has a small displacement; it is not that the greater the compression amount of aluminum foam is, the better the antiexplosion and wave absorption ability is. When the aluminum foam reaches the ultimate load-bearing capacity, the aluminum foam transfers the load due to compaction, resulting in stress enhancement phenomena. Through the analysis of the compression amount, floor deformation, wave dissipation capacity, and energy ratio of aluminum foam, it is concluded that the antiexplosion wave absorption effect of the sandwich structure of aluminum foam with 80%/85% group is the best; the changes of porosity and cell wall are important factors affecting the energy absorption capacity of aluminum foam.
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Zaidan, Maki, Fayadh Abed, and Ali Farhad. "The Effect of Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature Variation on the Performance of the Indirect Evaporative Cooler." vol (26(, No. (4) 26, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.26.4.02.
Full textAbstract:
The research is about designing and building up an evaporative cooling system, working by two- stages evaporative cooling system using outer air (pure air). The system is founded by designing and making a heat exchanger of orthogonal flow from Aluminum sheets of (30*60*40) cm, which represents the first stage of the system (indirect stage). The second stage (direct stage) of the system is represented by making an equipment of air washing (cylindrical) with (45 height, 60 width, 3 thickness) cm. The cooling system pulls outer air by a Centrifugal fan. The air passes through the heat exchanger pipes to be cooled tangibly (without moistening). Then it goes over the equipment of air washing to be cooled and cools the specified space. Computer software was designed by FORTRAN Language (FORTRAN 90) to predict the evaporative air cooler performance to know the proper environmental and design conditions of the system. Some variables were made to study their effect on the thermal performance of the system. The studied variable is to change the volumetric flow rate of air from (750 cfm) to (2000 cfm) of the dry side, and from (750 cfm) to (2500 cfm) of the wet side. The pipe length was changed from (20 cm) to (45 cm), and its diameter from (0.5 cm) to (3 cm). Those were the design changes. On the environmental changes, we studied the effect of changing the temperature on the dry or wet bulb of the system. The study is taken place in Tikrit University (34. 35N; 43.37 E), to determine the suitability of the weather conditions of the region for the work of the system. It was taken place in the late August for two consecutive days, with readings of 24 hours. The results show that the best quantity of the air supplied, which represent the best performance of the system (750 cfm) and (1000 cfm) for the wet side when the diameter (1-1.5 cm) and length is (45 cm). The results show also the possibility of the work of this system for the region mentioned because it is characterized by its hot and dry climate in the summer, as the efficiency of evaporative evaporator increases the hot and dry environment by 80%.
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Abed, Basim Sh. "Finite Element Modeling Of Saint-Venant Equations For Shatt-Al Hilla." Journal of Techniques 2, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v2i1.156.
Full textAbstract:
Shatt Al-Hilla was considered one of the important branches of Euphrates River that supplies irrigation water to millions of dunams of planted areas. It is important to control the velocity and water level along the river to maintain the required level for easily diverting water to the branches located along the river. So, in this research, a numerical model was developed to simulate the gradually varied unsteady flow in Shatt AL-Hilla. The present study aims to solve the continuity and momentum (Saint-Venant) equations numerically to predict the hydraulic characteristics in the river using Galerkin finite element method. A computer program was designed and built using the programming language FORTRAN-77. Fifty kilometers was considered starting from downstream of Hindiyah Barrage towards Hilla City. The gathered field measurements along different periods were used for the purpose of calibration and verification of the model. The results show that the suitable Manning roughness was 0.023. A comparison with field observations was conducted to identify the validity of the numerical solution of the flow equations. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of the numerical techniques using a weighting factor of 0.667 and a time increment of 6 hr. High accuracy and good agreement were achieved, and minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.029 was gained for the obtained results compared with the corresponding field observations.