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Evripidou, Paraskevas, and Robert Barry. "Mapping Fortran Programs to Single Assignment Semantics for Efficient Parallelization." Parallel Processing Letters 08, no. 03 (1998): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626498000419.
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This paper presents Mustang, a system that automatically parallellizes Fortran programs by mapping them to single assignment semantics. Specifically, sequential Fortran source programs are translated into IF1, a machine-independent dataflow graph description language that is the intermediate form for the SISAL language. During this translation, Parfrase 2 is used to parse the source program perform dependency analysis and to detect opportunities for parallelization which are then explicitly introduced into the IF1 program. The resulting IF1 program is then processed by the Optimizing SISAL Compiler which produces parallel executables on multiple target platforms. A working prototype has been developed and tested. The execution results of several Livermore Loops are presented and compared against Fortran and SISAL implementations on two different platforms. The initial results obtained provide proof of concept that Fortran can be mapped to Single Assignment Semantics without sacrificing efficiency.
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Krumbein, William C., Wolfgang Scherer, and Daniel F. Merriam. "CORSURF: A covariance-matrix trend-analysis FORTRAN IV computer program." Computers & Geosciences 21, no. 9 (1995): 1065–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(95)00043-8.
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Schonfelder, J. L. "Variable Precision Arithmetic: A Fortran 95 Module." Scientific Programming 11, no. 1 (2003): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/124580.
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This paper describes the design and development of a software package supporting variable precision arithmetic as a semantic extension to the Fortran 95 language. The working precision of the arithmetic supported by this package can be dynamically and arbitrarily varied. The facility exploits the data-abstraction capabilities of Fortran 95 and allows the operations to be used elementally with array operands as well as with scalars. The number system is defined in such a way as to be closed under all of the basic operations of normal arithmetic; no program-terminating numerical exceptions can occur. Precision loss situations like underflow and overflow are handled by defining special value representations that preserve as much of the numeric information as is practical and the operation semantics are defined so that these exceptional values propagate as appropriate to reflect this loss of information. The number system uses an essentially conventional variable precision floating-point representation. When operations can be performed exactly within the currently-set working precision limit, the excess trailing zero digits are not stored, nor do they take part in future operations. This is both economical in storage and improves efficiency.
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Amyot, Joseph R., and Gerard van Blokland. "Parameter optimization with ACSL models." SIMULATION 49, no. 5 (1987): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003754978704900505.
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A method whereby a parameter optimization program, written in FORTRAN, can be used in conjunction with ACSL (Advanced Continuous Simulation Language) models of dynamic systems is described. The optimization of a projectile's trajectory is used as an example.
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Raman, K. V. "Some Features of Java Language Illustrated through Examples from Chemistry." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 1, no. 2 (2003): 22–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.2.5.
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Computer programming has been used effectively by theoretical chemists and organic chemists to solve various types of problem in chemistry. Initially the languages used for computations in chemistry were FORTRAN and BASIC. Later the Pascal language was used for solving problems in chemistry and physics. Recently the languages C and C++ and Java have been used to solve problems in chemistry. In this paper I will illustrate features of C, C++ choosing examples from chemistry. Computer programming has been used effectively by theoretical chemists and organic chemists to solve various types of problem in chemistry. Initially the languages used for computations in chemistry were FORTRAN and BASIC. Later the Pascal language was used for solving problems in chemistry and physics. Recently the languages C and C++ and Java have been used to solve problems in chemistry. In this paper I will illustrate features of C, C++ choosing examples from chemistry. Some examples presented in this these languages are Program to calculate reduced mass of homo diatomic or hetero diatomic Program to calculate the molecular weight of a tetra atomic system ABCD Program to calculate NMR frequencies of spin 1/2 nuclei only Program to calculate NMR and ESR frequencies The examples presented in Java 2 are Program to calculate unit cell dimension of a crystal Program to generate the chair form and boat form of cyclohexane. The examples presented in this monograph will help researchers in theoretical chemistry and organic chemistry to develop their own software.
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STEVENSON, P. D. "AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF VACUUM AMPLITUDE MANY-BODY PERTURBATION SERIES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 14, no. 08 (2003): 1135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183103005236.
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An algorithm and a computer program in Fortran 95 are presented which enumerate the Hugenholtz diagram representation of the many-body perturbation series for the ground state energy with a two-body interaction. The output is in a form suitable for post-processing such as automatic code generation. The result of a particular application, generation of LATEX code to draw the diagrams, is shown.
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COOK, G. O. "ALPAL, A PROGRAM TO GENERATE PHYSICS SIMULATION CODES FROM NATURAL DESCRIPTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 01, no. 01 (1990): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183190000025.
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A Livermore Physics Applications Language (ALPAL), a new computer language, is described. ALPAL is a tool that generates a Fortran code module from a natural description of a physics model. This capability gives the computational physicist a significant productivity boost. While ALPAL is a working computer program, significant additions are being made to it. Some of the factors that make ALPAL an important tool are: first, it eliminates many sources of errors; second, it permits building program modules with far greater speed than is otherwise possible; third, it provides a means of specifying many numerical algorithms; and fourth, it is a language that is close to a journal-style presentation of physics models and numerical methods for solving them. In sum, ALPAL is designed to magnify the abilities and creativity of computational physicists.
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Gong, Hai Jun, Xin Zhong Li, Xue Yi Fan, Da Ming Xu, and Jing Jie Guo. "Data-Conversion and Displaying for Numerical Simulation of EMCC with FEM-FVM-Joint Method." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 563–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.563.
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Abstract. For efficiently performing the numerical simulation of electromagnetic continues casting (EMCC) with finite element method (FEM) and finite volume method (FVM) combined scheme, a program integrates with data-format conversion and post-processing was proposed. The conversion of data format realized by linear interpolating, and the post processor developed on a Visual Fortran 6.6A platform using Fortran-95 language and the QuickWin module. Both 2-D and 3-D EM-FEM data calculated by a general-purpose FEM software, ANSYS, could be converted into FVM-data format using this program, and all FVM-data whether scalar quantities or vector ones could be displayed in the manners of cabinet drawing and normal axonometric drawing, which promises the correctness for data format conversion process of FEM/FVM-joint and the convenient analysis of transport phenomena during EMCC numerical simulation. The results of transport simulations and data format conversions indicate that the format-conversion method as well as the post processing is effective and convenient in numerical simulation with FEM/FVM-joint under various EM fields.
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Li, Hong Ru, Fei Feng, and Qing Wang. "Design and Application of Concrete Faced Rock-Fill Dam Numerical Simulation Analysis Program." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1882–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1882.
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Reviewed the various constitutive mode of concrete faced rock-fill dam. Basis on the complex physical characteristic of filled the material and the framework of dam, a method of computer is given, introduced into the program of the concrete face rock-fill dam calculation with FORTRAN language on the ANSYS software. It is used to simulate two and three-dimensional nonlinear computation and compute figure simulation in the construction procedure and operation period for the concrete face rock fill dam, the result was intuitionist clarity.
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Farthing, I., G. Love, VD Scott, and CT Walker. "A new and versatile computer program for correcting EPMA data." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (1992): 1658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100132923.
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A new computer program has been developed to convert electron probe microanalysis data into accurate measurements of chemical composition. It is menu-based and designed to operate off-line using any IBM PC compatible computer. As shown in the flowchart, fig. 1, the architecture is modular and the programming language adopted is a compilable version of BASIC which possesses much of the processing speed associated with FORTRAN or C. Specimens containing up to fifteen elements, with 4 ≤ Z ≤ 96, can be handled and all the major x-ray lines (Kα, Kβ, Lα, L(β, Mα and Mβ) are available for analysis purposes.The procedure itself is based upon the classical ZAF approach in which corrections for atomic number (Z), x-ray absorption (A), characteristic fluorescence (Fl) and continuum fluorescence (F2) are treated independently. The factors dealing with fluorescence are essentially those of Reed (characteristic) and Springer (continuum) although both contain minor updates. However, the atomic number and absorption factors are the authors' own and the latter, developed from a quadrilateral representation of the x-ray distribution with depth in a solid, distinguishes this program from others.
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Aini, S. S., Sahari B. Barkawi, Aidy Ali, et al. "Introducing Fatigue Contour Plot in LS-Pre Post LSDYNA Finite Element Crash Simulation Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.275.
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In this study, a computer program for calculating fatigue life of component is developed and introduced in LS-PrePost software. The program is written in Fortran programming language and the fatigue life equations used is taken from well-published literature. The materials covered are steel and aluminum. The developed program is able to read stress, strain and element values from d3plot and the keyword file. Having extracted the output from d3plot and keyword file, the fatigue life is then calculated and presented into a separate file called FATIGUE. The integration of output from FATIGUE will is displayed in LS-PrePost. Finally, the results of fatigue life contour are successfully displayed through LS-PrePost.
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Galassi, Giuseppe, and Richard V. Mattessich. "Some Clarification to the Evolution of the Electronic Spreadsheet." Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting 11, no. 1 (2014): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jeta-51114.
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ABSTRACT As early as 1961 Mattessich suggested (in an article in The Accounting Review) to use budget simulation in form of a computerized spreadsheet. This was followed up by him in a mathematical model, outlined in his book Accounting and Analytical Methods (Mattessich 1964a) with a corresponding computer program (in FORTRAN IV on mainframe computers), including illustrations in a companion volume (Simulation of the Firm through a Budget Computer Program, Mattessich 1964b). Five years later (in 1969) Rene Pardo and Remy Landau co-presented “LANPAR” (LANguage for Programming Arrays at Random) at Random Corporation. This electronic spreadsheet type was also used on mainframe computers for budgeting at Bell Canada, AT&T, Bell operating companies, and General Motors. In 1978, Dan Bricklin and Robert Frankston introduced VisiCalc, the first commercialized spreadsheet program for personal desktop (Apple) computers. This program became the trailblazer for future developments of electronic spreadsheets.
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Tan, Hai Chao. "Nonlinear Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Structures Using Strip Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 470 (December 2013): 921–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.470.921.
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As the progress of theory and computer technology, nonlinear analysis is widely applied in civil engineering. Strip method, as one of the numerical methods, is used widely especially in the analysis of beams, columns and shell structures. The first half of this paper introduces the theoretical model and the basic assumptions of the strip method; the latter half of this paper compiles the strip method into computer program using FORTRAN language. At last, using beams with rectangular cross-section of reinforced concrete structures as an example, the paper analyze the factors, such as the strength of the steel bars, which have an impact on the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures.
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Pan, D., and R. S. Sharp. "Automatic Formulation of Dynamic Equations of Motion of Robot Manipulators." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 202, no. 6 (1988): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1988_202_141_02.
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Based on the use of homogeneous transformation matrices with Denavit-Hartenberg notation and the Lagrangian formulation method, a general computer program ROBDYN.RED for the symbolic derivation of dynamic equations of motion for robot manipulators has been developed and is discussed in this paper. The program is developed by using REDUCE, an algebraic manipulation language, and is versatile for open-chain structure robot manipulators with any number of degrees of freedom and with any combination of types of joint. Considerations are also given to saving computer memory space required for execution and to minimizing the runtime. Several examples are included to demonstrate the use of the program. Equations of motion in scalar form can be automatically transferred to FORTRAN format for later numerical simulations. The efficiency of the resulting equations in terms of numerical integration is also discussed and some further developments to improve the efficiency are suggested.
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Felez, J., C. Vera, I. San Jose, and R. Cacho. "BONDYN: A Bond Graph Based Simulation Program for Multibody Systems." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, no. 4 (1990): 717–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896200.
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This paper presents the BONDYN program (BONd graph DYNamics) as a procedure for simulating dynamic systems. It is based on bond graph theory and provides a means for treating dynamic systems that simultaneously include various physical domains. The program makes use of the bond graph module handling facility in order to build a general model starting from simple submodels. Although the latter can be defined by the user, a library has been appended to the preprocessor which includes some of these submodels. Special developments for simulating multibody systems can be found among them. Once the overall bond graph has been assembled the program builds the state equations of the system in the form of a subroutine that can be accepted by a high level language compiler, which is FORTRAN 77 in this case. Simulation outputs can be shown either graphically or in a table.
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Hunt, John A. "Computer-aided parallel EELS techniques: acquisition, processing, & imaging." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 398–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100153968.
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The recent commercial introduction of the parallel detection electron energy-loss spectrometer has undoubtedly made electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) more viable as a technique for routine microanalysis. Additionally, the increased recording efficiency of parallel EELS (PEELS) warrants the use of more involved acquisition and processing techniques than was necessary, or even possible with serial EELS. This increased complexity places greater demands on the computer systems controlling data acquisition. Multichannel analyzers systems with small resources and limited programming facilities are not capable of exploiting the full capabilities of the PEELS spectrometer.Preliminary efforts of the author with the Gatan PEELS spectrometer were concentrated on development of a flexible acquisition system at National Institutes of Health. Hardware control is performed through machine-language drivers called from high-level languages (HLL) such as FORTRAN and C. The software drivers and hardware were designed to minimize processor involvement in the data collection process, resulting in the capability to collect data while processing continues within the parent HLL. This design simplifies the HLL program structure and minimizes data collection dead time.
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Baes, C., and N. Reinsch. "Computing the condensed conditional gametic QTL relationship matrix and its inverse." Archives Animal Breeding 50, no. 3 (2007): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-50-294-2007.
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Abstract. The inverse of the conditional gametic relationship matrix (G-1) for a marked quantitative trait locus (MQTL) is required for estimation of gametic effects in best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) of breeding values if marker data are available. Calculation of the "condensed" gametic relationship matrix G* – a version of G where linear dependencies have been removed – and its inverse G*-1 is described using a series of simplified equations following a known algorithm. The software program COBRA (covariance between relatives for a marked QTL) is introduced, and techniques for storing and computing the condensed gametic relationship matrix G* and the non-zero elements of its inverse are discussed. The program operates with both simple pedigrees and those augmented by transmission probabilities derived from marker data. Using sparse matrix storage techniques, G* and its inverse can be efficiently stored in computer memory. COBRA is written in FORTRAN 90/95 and runs on a variety of computers. Pedigree data and information for a single MQTL in the German Holstein population are used to test the efficiency of the program.
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Cheng, Hongmei, Ning Zhang, Yugui Yang, Weihong Peng, and Heng Chen. "A Study on the Mechanical Mechanism of Injection Heat to Increase Production of Gas in Low-Permeability Coal Seam." Energies 12, no. 12 (2019): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122332.
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This paper puts forward a new mathematical model, which is a coal damage-heat-fluid-solid multi-field coupling theory, in order to reveal the mechanical mechanism of the increase of coal-bed methane recovery through thermal stimulation, and to evaluate its effect. The strain field is introduced to define the damage of coal by considering of the effects of temperature, gas pressure, and mining stress of the coal seam. It is used to quantitatively describe the degree of coal rupture and damage. Additionally, the elastic and damage constitutive equation of coal and rock mass, the governing equation of the temperature field, and the coupling equation of gas diffusion and seepage are established. Based on these equations, the finite element source program is redeveloped by using the FORTRAN language, and a multi-field coupling analysis program is compiled. This program takes the temperature, the gas seepage, and the damage and deformation of coal and rock mass into consideration. The effect of heat injection temperature on gas production efficiency, gas pressure distribution, and effective extraction radius during coal-bed methane mining process is analyzed. The results show that the injection of heat can significantly improve the desorption and diffusion of gas, as well as the gas production rate and the production efficiency of coal-bed methane.
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Коptovets, O., L. Shyrin, O. Yavorska, and A. Herasymenko. "Identification and study of the characteristics of friction oscillations in the brake." Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 73 (June 2023): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/73.033.
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Purpose.The task of researching modes of established frictional oscillations of the braking mechanism is to find a solution to the initial dynamic problem with friction that satisfies the periodicity conditions. At the same time, the period of motion of the dynamic system is not known in advance. This dynamic system is described by a non-linear dissipative non-autonomous system of differential equations. The methods. The developed technique of spectral analysis of the braking mechanism's oscillations is based on the assumption that its movements are periodic. If deterministic chaos occurs in the analyzed dynamic system, then the autocorrelation function of the time series of movements must have a finite carrier, that is, vanish outside a finite time interval. Findings. In the paper, the method of computational experiment is used to identify and study the characteristics of oscillatory processes in brake mechanisms. At the first stage of the computational experiment, a numerical solution of the considered dynamic problem with friction is carried out using a computational algorithm. As a result, the time series of block movements are calculated. At the second stage of the computational experiment, the obtained time series are studied. The originality. The paper uses phase diagrams in the "displacement-velocity" variables to analyze the process of establishing the oscillations of the brake mechanism and visual detection of attractors. When studying the dependence of amplitudes of displacements, velocities and accelerations of the dynamic system under consideration on changes in its parameters, the method of continuation by parameter was used with a stepwise change in the parameters of the system. Practical implementation. The developed mathematical model of vibrations of the braking mechanism and the computational algorithm for its numerical study are implemented in the form of a computer program for personal computers in the FORTRAN algorithmic language. Almost all available commercial compilers can be used to compile the program, including Compaq Visual Fortran 6.6 and Intel Visual Fortran 10, as well as non-commercial compilers distributed under the GNU license.
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Stringer, James C., L. Kent Thomas, and Ray G. Pierson. "Efficiency of D4 Gaussian Elimination on a Vector Computer." Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal 25, no. 01 (1985): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/11082-pa.
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Abstract The efficiency of D4 Gaussian elimination on a vector computer, the Cray- 1/S, it examined. The algorithm used in this work is employed routinely in Phillips Petroleum Co. reservoir simulation models. Comparisons of scalar Phillips Petroleum Co. reservoir simulation models. Comparisons of scalar and vector Cray-1/S times are given for various example cases including multiple unknowns per gridblock. Vectorization of the program on the Cray- 1/S is discussed. Introduction In reservoir simulation, the solution of large systems of linear equations accounts for a substantial percentage of the computation time. Methods used today consist of both iterative and direct solution algorithms. Because of the theoretical savings in both storage and computing labor, D4 Gaussian elimination is a popular direct solution algorithm and is used widely on conventional scalar computers. In this paper we investigate the efficiency of the D4 algorithm on a computer with vector processing capabilities-the Cray-1/S. The D4 (or alternate diagonal) algorithm originally was presented by Price and Coats in 1973. Since that time much work has been done on the Price and Coats in 1973. Since that time much work has been done on the algorithm including an investigation by Nolen on the vector performance of D4 on the CDC Star 100 and Cyber 203 on single-unknown-per-gridblock example cases. Levesque has presented a comparison of the Cray-1 and Cyber 205 in reservoir simulation that includes the D4 algorithm. Vector performance of the Cray-1 on linear algebra kernels, both sparse and dense, performance of the Cray-1 on linear algebra kernels, both sparse and dense, also has been reported. Vector performance on these kernels typically is expressed in terms of million floating point operations per second (MFLOPS). Our objective here is to evaluate vector performance on a typical production code written in FORTRAN for a scalar computer. Therefore, performance, or efficiency, will be evaluated in terms of both scalar and vector CPU times on the Cray-1/S. We include vector performance on the original code with automatic vectorization enabled, and vector performance on the same code with minor restructuring, automatic performance on the same code with minor restructuring, automatic vectorization enabled, and the use of Cray assembly language (CAL) basic linear algebra kernels. Example cases for multiple unknowns per gridblock are presented. Reservoir Flow Equations The reservoir flow equations written using a seven-point finite difference formulation can be expressed as ...........................(1) where the terms A, B... G are matrices of order N equal to the number of unknowns per gridblock. represents the vector of unknowns at cell i, j, k, and H is the vector of residuals of the flow equations at cell i, j, k at iteration . Values of N from 1 to 10 typically are encountered depending on the type of simulator and the degree of implicitness used. For example, N is equal to one for an implicit pressure, explicit saturation (IMPES) black-oil model; three for a fully implicit black-oil model; five for an implicit three-component steamflood model and usually 10 or less for an implicit compositional model. Driver Program To facilitate timing studies in this work, a driver program was written to calculate coefficients for the D4 Gaussian elimination routine. Input to the program consists of grid dimensions and the number of unknowns per gridblock. All elements of the off-diagonal matrices (A, C, D... G) were set equal to 1. To guarantee a nonsingular solution, the B matrix was set equal to -5 for one unknown and as below for N unknowns. ............................(2) Right-side coefficients, H, were calculated by assuming a unit solution for . No-flow boundary conditions were used, which require specific matrices, such as A for I = 1 and C for I = NX, to be set equal to zero. Description of Hardware and Software All run times reported in this work were obtained on the Cray-1/S, Serial No. 23, at United Computing Systems in Kansas City, MO. Serial No. 23 contains 1 million 64-bit words of central memory interleaved in 16 memory banks and no input/output (I/O) subsystems. The FORTRAN compiler used was CFT 1.09. CPU times were obtained by calling SECOND, a FORTRAN-callable utility routine that returns CPU time since the start of the job in FPS'S. CPU overhead incurred for each call to SECOND is approximately 2.5 microseconds. For all reported Cray-1/S times, "vector" refers to the original FORTRAN code run with automatic vectorization enabled, which is the normal operating mode. SPEJ p. 121
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Khater, Hany, Talal Abu-El-Maty, and El-Din El-Morshdy. "Thermal-hydraulic modeling of reactivity accidents in MTR reactors." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 21, no. 2 (2006): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp0602021k.
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This paper describes the development of a dynamic model for the thermal-hydraulic analysis of MTR research reactors during a reactivity insertion accident. The model is formulated for coupling reactor kinetics with feedback reactivity and reactor core thermal-hydraulics. To represent the reactor core, two types of channels are considered, average and hot channels. The developed computer program is compiled and executed on a personal computer, using the FORTRAN language. The model is validated by safety-related benchmark calculations for MTR-TYPE reactors of IAEA 10 MW generic reactor for both slow and fast reactivity insertion transients. A good agreement is shown between the present model and the benchmark calculations. Then, the model is used for simulating the uncontrolled withdrawal of a control rod of an ETRR-2 reactor in transient with over power scram trip. The model results for ETRR-2 are analyzed and discussed.
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Spoiala, Viorica, Helga Silaghi, and Dragos Spoiala. "Applied Mathematics in the Numerical Modelling of the Electromagnetic Field in Reference to Drying Dielectrics in the RF Field." Mathematics 12, no. 4 (2024): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12040526.
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The processing of dielectric materials in the radio frequency field continues to be a concern in engineering. This procedure involves a rigorous analysis of the electromagnetic field based on specific numerical methods. This paper presents an original method for analysing the process of drying wooden boards in a radio frequency (RF) installation. The electromagnetic field and thermal field are calculated using the finite element method (FEM). The load capacity of the installation is also calculated, since the material being heated in the radio frequency heating installations is placed in a capacitor-type applicator. A specific method is created in order to solve the problem related to mass, a quantity which tends to change during the drying of the dielectric. In addition, special consideration is given to issues regarding the coupling of the electromagnetic field and the thermal field, along with aspects pertaining to mass. These are implemented numerically using a program written in the Fortran language, which takes the distribution of finite elements from the Flux2D program, the dielectric thermal module, intended only for the study of RF heating. The results obtained after running the program are satisfactory and they represent a support for future studies, especially if the movement of the dielectric is taken into account.
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Cao, X., H. Miyashita, T. Kako, Z. Zhang, and B. Song. "Thermal Analysis of Expressway Considering Wind Effect." Applied Mechanics and Materials 419 (October 2013): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.419.895.
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This paper reports a method of thermal analysis of expressway and the results of analysis of four expressways currently used in Japan. The authors built a mathematical model based on the principle of thermal conduction. For the boundary conditions in this mathematical model the influence of solar radiation, wind and air temperature etc. are taken into consideration. Explicit finite difference method is used in the analysis. The authors made an analysis program in Fortran language. Four main expressways distributing from the northern to the southern in Japan are chosen as the objects of this study. The observed weather data of the hottest days experienced by these expressways during the past 30 years is input into the computer calculation. The basic mechanism of expressway temperature change and effect factors are illuminated. The results are reported and discussed.
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Do, Binh Quang. "OPTIMIZATION OF FUEL RELOADING PATTERNS FOR A RESEARCH REACTOR BY SIMULATED ANNEALING." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 1 (2011): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i1.1885.
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This article presents results obtained from a research into an application of simulated annealing method to the in-core fuel reloading pattern optimization for a research reactor. The decision variable of the optimization problem is a fuel reloading pattern for the next cycle after the present cycle finishes. The objective function maximizes the effective multiplication factor keff at the beginning of cycle while it is established to include an important safety paramater – the power peaking factor, in search process. A procedure for searching the optimal solutions was formed and a computer code was developed in the Fortran language running on PCs. Nuclear safety parameters for the optimization problem are provided from the results of the multigroup neutron diffusion theory computation program CITATION. A sample calculation was performed to find the optimal fuel reloading patterns for the second cycle of the Dalat research reactor and the results are presented in this article.
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Madlazim, M., and Bagus Jaya Santosa. "Computational physics Using Python: Implementing Maxwell Equation for Circle Polarization." Jurnal Penelitian Fisika dan Aplikasinya (JPFA) 1, no. 1 (2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpfa.v1n1.p1-7.
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Python is a relatively new computing language, created by Guido van Rossum [A.S. Tanenbaum, R. van Renesse, H. van Staveren, G.J. Sharp, S.J. Mullender, A.J. Jansen, G. van Rossum, Experiences with the Amoeba distributed operating system, Communications of the ACM 33 (1990) 46–63; also on-line at http://www.cs.vu.nl/pub/amoeba/, which is particularly suitable for teaching a course in computational physics. There are two questions to be considered: (i) For whom is the course intended? (ii) What are the criteria for a suitable language, and why choose Python? The criteria include the nature of the application. High performance computing requires a compiled language, e.g., FORTRAN. For some applications a computer algebra, e.g., Maple, is appropriate. For teaching, and for program development, an interpreted language has considerable advantages: Python appears particularly suitable. Python‟s attractions include (i) its system of modules which makes it easy to extend, (ii) its excellent graphics (VPython module), (iii) its excellent on line documentation, (iv) it is free and can be downloaded from the web. Python and VPython will be described briefly, and some programs demonstrated numerical and animation of some phenomenal physics. In this article, we gave solution of circle polarization by solving Maxwell equation.
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Razouki, Sabah S., and Zena R. Al-Ani. "BENDING MOMENT INFLUENCE SURFACES FOR RECTANGULAR CONCRETE PLATES SIMPLY SUPPORTED AT THREE EDGES AND BUILT-IN AT THE FOURTH EDGE." Journal of Engineering 16, no. 02 (2010): 4795–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2010.02.06.
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Presented in this paper is a series of bending moment influence surfaces for concrete rectangular plates simply supported at three edges and built-in at the fourth edge. The solutions are obtained analytically on the basis of thin plate's theory with small deflection using double Fourier series. The influence surfaces are presented for two observation points namely the center of the plate as well as the midpoint of the built-in edge. A computer program was written in FORTRAN language to generate the influence surfaces making use of the developed analytical solutions of this work. The validity of the computer solution was confirmed by comparing its results with published results for zero Poisson's ratio and excellent agreement was obtained. An application of the influence surfaces for the case of a line load as well as a strip load is also presented.The paper reveals that the bending moment influence surfaces depend on the actual value of Poisson's ratio, aspect ratio of the plate, and position of the observation point.
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Ait Slimane, Baussad, Brahim Menacer, and Mostefa Bouchetara. "Analytical and Experimental Study of a Naturally Aspirated Indirect Injection 4-Stroke Spark Ignition Engine." Mechanics 25, no. 6 (2019): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.25.6.23277.
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One of the objectives of this study is to elaborate an engine cycle simulation program in FORTRAN language to analyze the influence of operating parameters on the performance (theeffective power, torque and specific fuel consumption) of a four-stroke gasoline engine (Ford ZSG 416 gasoline engine) for different engine operating parameters. The GT-Powerengine simulation software was used to compare the results obtained with the developed computer program and to improve it. In this program, a single-zone thermodynamicmodel was considered, which describes each phase of the engine cycle. In order to validate the developed program, a comparison of the experimental results with those obtainedusing GT-Power software was carried out. The other objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of a number of significant engine parameters such as compression ratio, cylinder wall temperature, cylinder diameter, stroke-bore ratio and ignition angle on the performance of the chosen engine. Examining the experimental results and those obtained with the developed program, it was observed that the power difference was in the order of ± 3%, the torque difference was ± 6%, while the BSFC difference was about ± 10%. It has been noted that the most significant parameters in improving the performance of the gasoline engine are the compression ratio, the fuel/air ratio, the engine geometry and the ignition begin. The variation of these parameters was not arbitrary, the knock criteria, in other words, the achievement of normal combustion were taken into account.
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DAI, Zhongning, Chaigang Ren, and Fujia Yang. "Nuclear Microprobe and Micro-PIXE Analysis of Thick Target: Program and Its Applications." International Journal of PIXE 08, no. 01 (1998): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083598000054.
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PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission), mainly Proton Induced X-ray Emission, has been developed into a well established technique for elemental analysis, especially for trace elemental analysis down to ppm or even ppb level. Nuclear Microprobe is a quickly developing technique around the world for 2 dimensional or even 3 dimensional element analysis if several nuclear analytical techniques, such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) can be available at the same time. The present resolution of NMP can be down to less than 1μm. To thick target analysis, i.e., the energy loss effect and the consequent X-ray cross section Change with the depth can not be neglected, therefore we have to consider the process of particle interactions with atoms in detail. In this article, NMP (Nuclear Micro-Probe) and micro-PIXE analysis of thick target, which are mainly involved into the process of ions interaction with atoms, are reviewed on the basis of work what we have done at Fudan University. The software package TSPIXE (PIXE analysis of Thick Sample), which includes different versions for different applications, developed at Fudan University for quantitative analysis of thick target and simulation of PIXE and micro-PIXE spectra are described and its performance is demonstrated too. The TSPIXE package, which includes TSPIXE version I, version II, version III and TSμPIXE, was written in FORTRAN and C computer language and can be run at PC computer under MSDOS or WINDOWS environment. From the different demonstrations and applications we can see the package is very useful to quantitative analysis of thick samples and to understand the relationships between elemental X-ray intensity distributions and concentration distributions, sample structure, beam size and etc.
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Vacc, Nancy N. "Individualizing Mathematics Drill and Practice: Variations on a Computer Program." Arithmetic Teacher 34, no. 7 (1987): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.34.7.0043.
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In less than a decade, we have progressed from the rare situation of a school system having its own microcomputer to at least 85 percent of the schools in the United States having one or more microcomputers (Becker 1983). Although empirical studies supporting successful uses of microcomputers to supplement classroom instruction appear in the literature (e.g., Bradley [1982]; McDermott and Watkins [1983]; Ragosta, Holland and Jamison [1982]; Vacc [in press]), effective use of this new technology to assist with classroom instruction remains a concern. A major problem is inadequate available software. More than 90 percent of the educational computer programs reviewed by classroom teachers hired by a National Education Association foundation were found to be unacceptable (“Flunked Software” 1984), as were 95 percent of the language-arts software reviewed by subject-area leaders attending a meeting of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (Otto 1984).
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Bentahar, Mohammed, and Habib Benzaama. "Numerical simulation of two-dimensional crack propagation using stretching finite element method by Abaqus." Tribology and Materials 1, no. 4 (2022): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tribomat.2022.018.
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Fatigue is a phenomenon that appears in items subjected to cyclic loads. Thus, rupture and partial oxidation are initiated from the beginning of the process. For this, the study of such a problem of material in fracture mechanics is based on the numerical analysis of the characteristics of a crack. In this article, we propose a modelling of crack propagation by a new method of stretching the mesh by 2D finite element in mixed mode, based on the creation of the elements through a program in the computer language Fortran. The parametric mesh with 4 nodes (CPE4) was created to make the simulation and to characterise the stress intensity factors, by the Abaqus computer code. For this, the validation of stretching finite element method (SFEM) results is done by other methods: extended finite element method (XFEM) and analytical method to simulate the crack propagation. The stress intensity factor (SIF) is an essential parameter of this study. Two possibilities for determining the SIF have been retained: one by the numerical method of our choice and the other by the analytical method. Parameters to characterise the stress state at the crack front KI and KII were evaluated in two stages one by the crack length and the other by the a/c ratio.
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Kobayashi, Kent D. "DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SIMULATION MODELS." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1176e—1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1176e.
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A simulation model consists of equations that represent the important relationships between components in a system, e.g., a plant or plant part. One of the purposes of simulation models is to simulate plant growth or plant growth processes to help further our understanding of plant growth and development. Simulation models are mechanistic or process based models that account for the physiological processes occurring in the system.Model development involves several steps. We define the problem and defuse the system, its entities, their attributes, and important relationships. A conceptual model is often expressed visually in a relational diagram showing the components and their relationships. This diagram is formally expressed as a simulation model through the use of equations repenting the relationships in the system. We often make assumptions regarding the components and their relationships to simply the model or because of a lack of knowledge. Simulation models are generally written using a simulation language such as CSMP or STELLA® or with a programming language such as FORTRAN or BASIC. The model is verified through checking the appropriateness of the relationships and the integrity of the computer program. The model is then validated through seeing bow well it simulates the behavior of the system. Simulation models provide additional insights by enabling us to ask “What if” questions by changing of the conditions of the model and seeing the resulting changes in plant growth.
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Zhang, Guang Yun, Peng Lan, and Nian Li Lu. "Development of Parameterized Modeling for Tower Crane." Advanced Materials Research 505 (April 2012): 293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.505.293.
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The development of parameterized modeling for ST8075 tower crane is based on finite element analysis software SAP84 and high-level programming language Fortran. According to the Saint-Venant principle, the special beam elements such as rotation joint and connection knots are specially reinforced if they don’t affect force analysis and deformation analysis of the whole structure. The tower crane is built into many small modules, which include balance arms, booms, tower body and so on. The developed program for the tower crane can realize the following functions: inputting the following parameters such as the tower body standard joint number, the boom combination type, working amplitude and hoisting weight, the computer can automatically generate hoisting points and get required crane with any tower body standard joints and booms’ combination type. According to inputted boom combination type and amplitude, the program will automatically judge the balance weight value applied to the balance arm, apply the balance weight, assure the variable-amplitude vehicle’s position, apply the hoisting load, apply the hanger weight and generate data files. It can calculate tower crane’s force state when the crane is working at various working case such as working state and storm case. After calculating the crane, inner forces can be checked and judged whether the beams meet the requirements of strength, stiffness and stability. It is easy to optimize the product design, reduce the crane’s potential risks and raise its safety assurance. It has important significance for research and development of new products.
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Abed, Basim Sh. "Finite Element Modeling Of Saint-Venant Equations For Shatt-Al Hilla." Journal of Techniques 2, no. 1 (2020): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v2i1.156.
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Shatt Al-Hilla was considered one of the important branches of Euphrates River that supplies irrigation water to millions of dunams of planted areas. It is important to control the velocity and water level along the river to maintain the required level for easily diverting water to the branches located along the river. So, in this research, a numerical model was developed to simulate the gradually varied unsteady flow in Shatt AL-Hilla. The present study aims to solve the continuity and momentum (Saint-Venant) equations numerically to predict the hydraulic characteristics in the river using Galerkin finite element method. A computer program was designed and built using the programming language FORTRAN-77. Fifty kilometers was considered starting from downstream of Hindiyah Barrage towards Hilla City. The gathered field measurements along different periods were used for the purpose of calibration and verification of the model. The results show that the suitable Manning roughness was 0.023. A comparison with field observations was conducted to identify the validity of the numerical solution of the flow equations. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of the numerical techniques using a weighting factor of 0.667 and a time increment of 6 hr. High accuracy and good agreement were achieved, and minimum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.029 was gained for the obtained results compared with the corresponding field observations.
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Hacıefendioğlu, Kemal, Gökhan Demir, and Ahmet Can Altunışık. "Blast-induced ground motion effect on dynamic response of a cylindrical vertical water tank with piled raft foundation." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 6, no. 3 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2020.03.003.
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This paper studies to estimate the dynamic behavior of a demineralized water tank with a piled raft foundation system considering soil-pile-structure-fluid interaction to shock-ground motion. A three-dimensional finite element model of a coupled system is constituted in ANSYS software. Interaction between pile and soil is represented with the frictional contact element. The frictionless contact elements are utilized to model between the water and tank shell to allow for displacement of the free surface adjacent to the tank wall. Shell elements are used for the tank body and its vault. The dynamic analyses of the tank including soil-pile-structure-fluid interaction are presented by using shock response spectra. Ground shock acceleration time histories, generated by using a developed computer program based on Fortran programming language, produce shock response spectra. The effects of the different charge weights and distances from the charge center are examined in the analyses. Also, the effect of the water fill level in the tank and the number of piles is also investigated. The results of the research are presented with the directional displacements and equivalent stresses. It seen from the analyses that the dynamic responses of the tank increase with the charge weight, while decreasing with the charge center distance. Moreover, the water fill level and the number of piles extremely affect the displacement and stress values of the coupled interaction system.
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Oliveira, Emerson D. "Daily INSOLation (DINSOL-v1.0): an intuitive tool for classrooms and specifying solar radiation boundary conditions." Geoscientific Model Development 16, no. 9 (2023): 2371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-2371-2023.
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Abstract. Climate modelling requires spending an extensive amount of time programming, which means reading, learning, testing, and evaluating source code. Fortunately, many climate models have been developed within the past decades, making it easier for climate studies to be conducted on a global scale. However, some climate models have millions of code lines, making the introduction of new parameterizations a laborious task that demands teamwork. While it is true that the high-complexity models perform realistic climate simulations, some researchers perform their studies using simplified climate models in the preliminary test phases. This realization motivated the development of Daily INSOLation (DINSOL-v1.0), a robust computer program to support the simplified climate models, performing solar radiation calculations while considering Milankovitch cycles and offering various simulation options for its users. DINSOL was intended to function as a program that supplies data (e.g. daily insolation, instantaneous solar radiation, orbital parameters of the Earth, and calendar dates), such as the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). While preparing the boundary conditions of solar radiation for climate models, it was realized that the DINSOL model could also be a helpful tool for use in classrooms. Thus, it was decided that an intuitive graphical user interface would be required to cater to this educational purpose. The model was written in the Fortran 90 language, while its graphical user interface would be built using PyGTK, a Python application programming interface (API) based on GIMP ToolKit (GTK). Furthermore, the R language would also be used to generate a panel containing contour fields and sketches of the orbital parameters to support the graphical execution. The model evaluation made use of data from PMIP and other tools, and the data analysis was performed through statistical methods. Once all tests were concluded, an insignificant difference between the DINSOL-obtained results and the results obtained from other models validated the viability of DINSOL as a dependable tool.
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Muthukumar, Akila V., Walker Morrell, and Barbara E. Bierer. "Evaluating the frequency of English language requirements in clinical trial eligibility criteria: A systematic analysis using ClinicalTrials.gov." PLOS Medicine 18, no. 9 (2021): e1003758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003758.
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Background A number of prior studies have demonstrated that research participants with limited English proficiency in the United States are routinely excluded from clinical trial participation. Systematic exclusion through study eligibility criteria that require trial participants to be able to speak, read, and/or understand English affects access to clinical trials and scientific generalizability. We sought to establish the frequency with which English language proficiency is required and, conversely, when non-English languages are affirmatively accommodated in US interventional clinical trials for adult populations. Methods and findings We used the advanced search function on ClinicalTrials.gov specifying interventional studies for adults with at least 1 site in the US. In addition, we used these search criteria to find studies with an available posted protocol. A computer program was written to search for evidence of English or Spanish language requirements, or the posted protocol, when available, was manually read for these language requirements. Of the 14,367 clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov between 1 January 2019 and 1 December 2020 that met baseline search criteria, 18.98% (95% CI 18.34%–19.62%; n = 2,727) required the ability to read, speak, and/or understand English, and 2.71% (95% CI 2.45%–2.98%; n = 390) specifically mentioned accommodation of translation to another language. The remaining trials in this analysis and the following sub-analyses did not mention English language requirements or accommodation of languages other than English. Of 2,585 federally funded clinical trials, 28.86% (95% CI 27.11%–30.61%; n = 746) required English language proficiency and 4.68% (95% CI 3.87%–5.50%; n = 121) specified accommodation of other languages; of the 5,286 industry-funded trials, 5.30% (95% CI 4.69%–5.90%; n = 280) required English and 0.49% (95% CI 0.30%–0.69%; n = 26) accommodated other languages. Trials related to infectious disease were less likely to specify an English requirement than all registered trials (10.07% versus 18.98%; relative risk [RR] = 0.53; 95% CI 0.44–0.64; p < 0.001). Trials related to COVID-19 were also less likely to specify an English requirement than all registered trials (8.18% versus 18.98%; RR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.33–0.56; p < 0.001). Trials with a posted protocol (n = 366) were more likely than all registered clinical trials to specify an English requirement (36.89% versus 18.98%; RR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.69–2.23; p < 0.001). A separate analysis of studies with posted protocols in 4 therapeutic areas (depression, diabetes, breast cancer, and prostate cancer) demonstrated that clinical trials related to depression were the most likely to require English (52.24%; 95% CI 40.28%–64.20%). One limitation of this study is that the computer program only searched for the terms “English” and “Spanish” and may have missed evidence of other language accommodations. Another limitation is that we did not differentiate between requirements to read English, speak English, understand English, and be a native English speaker; we grouped these requirements together in the category of English language requirements. Conclusions A meaningful percentage of US interventional clinical trials for adults exclude individuals who cannot read, speak, and/or understand English, or are not native English speakers. To advance more inclusive and generalizable research, funders, sponsors, institutions, investigators, institutional review boards, and others should prioritize translating study materials and eliminate language requirements unless justified either scientifically or ethically.
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Friel-Patti, Sandy, Kim DesBarres, and Linda Thibodeau. "Case Studies of Children Using Fast ForWord." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 10, no. 3 (2001): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2001/019).
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We report five case studies in which the children were enrolled in Fast ForWord (FFW). The purpose of the case studies was twofold: (a) to obtain independent objective data with the commercially available computer-based language intervention program, FFW; and (b) to identify patterns of performance with FFW related to the children's pre-intervention language profiles. Five children (3 boys, 2 girls) between the ages of 5;10 and 9;2 (years; months) enrolled in a private school for children with language-learning difficulties participated. Outcome measures included both standard scores from general tests of language and measures taken from language-sample analyses. There were modest changes in standardized measures of language after experience with FFW for 3 of the 5 children using the criterion of 95 % confidence interval. There were no clinically significant changes in language sample measures. Several interesting patterns of response to FFW intervention are discussed.
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Abdul-Ameer, Maha R., and Mohammed M. Daway. "Pressure Changes in Pipe Transporting Mixture of Iraqi Crude Oils (Gathering System)." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 4, no. 3 (2013): 90–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v4i3.119.
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A study has been done to represent the pressure changes along gathering system in pipelines transporting Iraqi's crude oils; the study is divided into four parts. The first part represents the calculations of pressure drop in pipelines transporting petroleum fluid from the well head to a gathering point. In this part, there is a two-phase flow (gas and liquid). The calculations of pressure change in this part depends upon determination of some properties such as liquid and gas density, liquid and gas viscosity, liquid hold up and friction factor.
 Determining the liquid hold up and then pressure drop are achieved using two methods, the first method is modified Beggs and Brill correlation, depending on three assumed flow patterns. The second is Aziz et al. correlation, depending on three flow patterns also but are different to that of modified Beggs and Brill. While a method of Colebrook used in determination of two-phase friction factor. The results of two-phase flow calculations show that modified Beggs and Brill correlation (having error of 0.26%) better than Aziz et al. correlation (having error of 0.55%).
 In the second part there are calculations of pressure change in liquid flow in a pipeline from the gathering point to the first stage of separators. In this part Colebrook correlation is used to determine the friction factor, Brill and Mukherjee method is used for calculation of pressure change.
 Mukherjee and Brill method gave good results with respect to the pressure drop of flow in the axial pipeline after the gathering point of the actual field data. The third part deals with the networking in pipelines, types of gathering systems presented and discussed, the calculations of pressure change in a simple gathering system is studied. The fourth part discusses optimization techniques; Constrained Rosenbrock is used to find optimum pressure which gives favorable oil properties. They have been achieved with some assumptions; they are:
 
 Minimum Produced gas oil ratio.
 Minimum formation volume factor.
 Maximum API gravity.
 
 Finally, two computer programs are developed. Each program performs all the calculations of the four parts. The first program is developed using FORTRAN language, while the second is developed using Visual Basic language.
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Yi, Nengjun, and Shizhong Xu. "Bayesian Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Complex Binary Traits." Genetics 155, no. 3 (2000): 1391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/155.3.1391.
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AbstractA complex binary trait is a character that has a dichotomous expression but with a polygenic genetic background. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for such traits is difficult because of the discrete nature and the reduced variation in the phenotypic distribution. Bayesian statistics are proved to be a powerful tool for solving complicated genetic problems, such as multiple QTL with nonadditive effects, and have been successfully applied to QTL mapping for continuous traits. In this study, we show that Bayesian statistics are particularly useful for mapping QTL for complex binary traits. We model the binary trait under the classical threshold model of quantitative genetics. The Bayesian mapping statistics are developed on the basis of the idea of data augmentation. This treatment allows an easy way to generate the value of a hypothetical underlying variable (called the liability) and a threshold, which in turn allow the use of existing Bayesian statistics. The reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is used to simulate the posterior samples of all unknowns, including the number of QTL, the locations and effects of identified QTL, genotypes of each individual at both the QTL and markers, and eventually the liability of each individual. The Bayesian mapping ends with an estimation of the joint posterior distribution of the number of QTL and the locations and effects of the identified QTL. Utilities of the method are demonstrated using a simulated outbred full-sib family. A computer program written in FORTRAN language is freely available on request.
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Lukianchenko, Olga, and Ivan Okhten. "COMPUTER SIMULATION IN THE PROBLEMS OF STABILITY OF THIN-WALLED RODS OF AN OPEN PROFILE WITH SHAPE IMPERFECTIONS." Management of Development of Complex Systems, no. 47 (September 27, 2021): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2021.47.95-101.
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The presented numerical methodology is based on the finite element method (FEM) and computational procedures of the NASTRAN software package. It allows to investigate the influence of geometric imperfections in the shape of thin-walled rods of open profile on the critical values of the load, the shape of the stability loss and the stress-strain state. It has been developed an algorithm for computer modeling of initial imperfections in the shape of thin-walled rods, which is implemented in the NASTRAN software package using a neutral NASTRAN PC file and a specially developed program written in FORTRAN language and adapted to this software package. Geometric imperfections of the rods can be represented as their form of loss of stability or the form of deformation from the action of the load with the possibility of varying the maximum value of the imperfections amplitude. Computational procedures for solving the Lanczos stability problem and the geometrically nonlinear static problem by the Newton-Rafson method can be used to model imperfections. The program developed by the authors allows to form new nodal coordinates of a finite-element model of rods and to visualize geometric imperfections in a given scale. The article provides a step-by-step description of finite-element construction models of thin-walled rod of open profile with an ideal surface and taking into account the imperfection of the form, which is presented as the first form of loss of rod stability from longitudinal load applied with eccentricity. With the help of the FEMAP NASTRAN preprocessor is forming the geometry of the middle surface of an ideal rod, and setting the mechanical characteristics of the material, boundary conditions and load. The middle surface of the rod is fed as a set of flat quadrangular finite elements with six degrees of freedom in the node. In the article, a linear calculation of the stability by the Lanzosch method is performed to obtain the form of rod geometric imperfection. Setting the maximum amplitude of imperfections was performed using the program developed by the authors. Using the Newton-Rafson method, the geometrically nonlinear problem of rod statics with a given shape imperfection is solved, the critical value of the longitudinal load is determined, and the corresponding form of the rod stability loss is obtained. The presented numerical technique and the developed algorithm of computer modeling of shape imperfections allow to investigate in nonlinear formulation the stability of open profile thin-walled rods taking into account geometric imperfections of different amplitude as different forms of rod deformation, including the form of stability loss, to assess the impact of imperfections on the critical value of the load, the form of stability loss and stress-strain state. The presented algorithm and numerical technique can be used to study the stability of such thin-walled structural elements as shells, plates and others.
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Bentahar, Mohammed, Moulai Arbi Youcef, Noureddine Mahmoudi, and Habib Benzaama. "2D numerical modeling of crack propagation using SFEMD method of a LEHI material." STUDIES IN ENGINEERING AND EXACT SCIENCES 5, no. 1 (2024): 3329–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54021/seesv5n1-165.
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Numerical methods today play a useful and important role in solving various problems related to fracture mechanics including modeling crack propagation, fretting fatigue and cohesion... Furthermore, these methods have been widely used to solve problems in linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics in cases of elastic, plastic fracture problems. The evaluation of stress intensity factor in 2D and 3D geometries, thus these techniques widely used for non-standard crack configurations. The objective of this work is study the effects of the crack length and the number of structural elements on the two crack parameters such as the stress intensity factor KI and KII and the contour integral (J). As well as presenting a numerical modeling of crack propagation, for a LEHIM (Linear Elastic Homogeneous Isotopic Material) with mechanical characteristics by the method SFEMD (Stretching Finite Element Method Developed), the model chosen with quadratic elements with 4 nodes (CPE4). However, this method is based on the effect of the number of contours and the number of elements around the crack tip on the variation of the stress intensity factors. In addition, the crack propagation criterion (MCSC) was used, a computer program was created in FORTRAN language to develop and evaluate the stress intensity factors and the contour integral (J). Several examples of crack lengths a = 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8 and 3.5 mm were used. Additionally, the number of items has been changed several times. The stress intensity factors of modes I and II and direction angles (α) are calculated to solve the problem using the ABAQUS finite element code. The results obtained by the SFEMD method and the results of the analytical method are very close.
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Kasim, Salim Y., and Saif M. Abdulsattar. "Theoretical Study of Suspension System for Two-Dimensional Model of the Vehicle and its Effects on limiting speed and Driver Comfort." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 23, no. 4 (2016): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.23.4.10.
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Vibration in cars is undesirable because it causes discomfort to passengers, and can also lead to fatigue and failure of some parts of the vehicle. Therefore, the study and analysis of comments movements cart embedded in ever to research vehicles since the invention. And associated vibration cart passenger comfort, safety and stability of the vehicle. The researchers analyzed several vibration of vehicles by looking at different models, such as quarter wagon model ,and Half Car Model and full vehicle model with different types of excitement experienced by the vehicle and intended here excitement is a set of external forces arising from the terrain. This research includes a half vehicle linear model , written for four degrees of freedom plus one (4 +1 DOF) after addition degree of freedom which is driver / passenger seat system becomes a five degrees of freedom, also the vehicle body is assumed as a rigid body and taking into account the Bounce and Pitch. The system governing equations of motion are formulated by using the finite element method (FEM). A Fortran language computer program has been established for this purpose and used in the process covering (Simulation) and stand on the performance evaluation and analysis riding cart at the design stage and stand on the impact driver way through a study on the subject and the quality of the driver's seat, Two criterion of standards of comfort has been used, such as standard rate of absorbed energy (Average Absorbed Power) to be the norm over the driver comfort or not. And the comfort factor which is the vertical acceleration root mean square is used as an indication for the ride comfort. In factthe driver is the most important link in the process of using vehicles because the decision-maker and dominant direct the movement of vehicle.
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Rusakova, M. M., L. A. Kushnyr, and T. S. Tsarskaya. "Educational and methodological enrichment of the learning process of foreign medical students." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 29, no. 4 (2023): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2023-29-4-87-95.
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The process of internationalization and globalization is being actively implemented in domestic higher education, determining the degree of competitiveness of Russian universities. One of the indicators of Russian university participation in this process is the education of foreign students. Today, within the framework of the strategic program in the sphere of higher education policy «Education in Russia» («Обучение в России») more than 30 universities of our country train students from foreign countries. Teaching foreign students actualizes the search for new ways, methods, approaches to their educational process. In this regard, the question of normative-legal and educational-methodological support of the process of teaching foreign students, as well as its regular enrichment is particularly relevant. On the basis of the studied material, the article presents a theoretical substantiation of educational and methodological enrichment of the learning process in higher education by creating and approbation a textbook of a foreign language (English) for foreign students of medical specialty. The features of the composition of the content of the textbook in a foreign language (English) for foreign students of medical specialty are revealed. The significance of the system of exercises, including text-based tasks and lexical task-based tasks, is revealed. The authors’ examples are provided.
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Liou, Hsien-Chin. "Practical Considerations for Multimedia Courseware Development." CALICO Journal 11, no. 3 (2013): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v11i3.47-74.
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Well grounded theoretical motivation for technological innovations should always lead CALL courseware development. Second language acquisition theories and practices, instructional design concepts, human factors research, and advances in educational technology can be relevant. However, the how-to aspects of courseware development, especially for the most popular star- multimedia, become immediate considerations and concerns once one chooses the platform on which to proceed. This paper addresses these practical aspects through the exploration of the development of a piece of English as a foreign language (EFL) interactive videodisc (IVD) courseware. The objective setting, instructional design, and on-line implementation are explained in detail. Subprocesses include data collection and analyses, content analysis, and screen design. About 95% of the courseware has been implemented and is ready for pilot testing. It consists of four units: an Introduction, Hyperscript, Film Viewing, and Film Viewing with Instruction. Hyperscript is a design using a hypertext format, while Film Viewing is designed with various kinds of on-line help. Film Viewing with Instruction is a module with a great deal of program control. Lastly, linkage to the language classroom, evaluation approaches, implications, and recommendations for future courseware development are discussed.
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Laufer, Batia, and Tom Cobb. "How Much Knowledge of Derived Words Is Needed for Reading?" Applied Linguistics 41, no. 6 (2019): 971–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/amz051.
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Abstract The study explores the usefulness of the word family as the unit of counting in studies of lexical coverage and comprehension. It determines the proportion of texts covered by the various members of a word family, that is, basewords, inflected words, and derived words, and analyzes the contribution of the affixed words to lexical thresholds. This exploration was performed by a text analysis computer program called Morpholex that analyzes the entire lexis of an entered text, pulling out all words bearing prefixes and suffixes and counting the unaffixed words as basewords. We analyzed a variety of texts, academic and narrative, authentic and simplified, and calculated the number and percentage of basewords and affixes in each text. We also located the most frequent affixes in our text corpus and demonstrated which affixes and how many contributed to 95 per cent and 98 per cent text coverages. Our results show that reaching the lexical thresholds for reading does not require the knowledge of most of the derived words in a word family since a small number of frequent affixes will provide the necessary coverage together with the basewords and inflections.
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Ishlakhuddin, Fauzan, and Azhari SN. "Ontology-based Chatbot to Support Monitoring of Server Performance and Security By Rule-base." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 15, no. 2 (2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.58588.
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The server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients". Generally, server computers have many resources that can be used by one or more clients through the network with specific permissions and requirements. Therefore, the server needs a monitoring system that can monitor server activity and notify if problems occur. This research focuses on developing a notification and question and answer system to connect the network admin with the monitoring system via chatbot. The developed chatbot can send notifications to the admin if an error occurs and can answer questions about the server's condition. The question and answer system developed implements natural language processing for Indonesian. The process of understanding questions is by classifying each word (token) based on language knowledge stored in the ontology. Then the classification results are processed by rule-base to produce conclusions to take monitoring data and compiled into answers. The test results show that the developed system can auto-notify if any problem in a server, and can answer questions by accuracy 95%.
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Moisyshyn, V. M., A. P. Ivasiutyn, and V. R. Protsiuk. "IMPROVED RESULTS PROCESSING METHODOLOGY FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Number, no. 17(64) (November 22, 2022): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7399-2022-17(64)-75-95.
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In the process of processing the results of experimental studies of any, in particular, technical processes, there is a necessity to establish a correlation between independent and dependent variables. During the analysis of experimental data, such a connection is established by using certain computer programs. The authors proposed the App program. 1 to calculate the parameters of ten empirical regression equations using the method of least squares, which is developed in the Visual Studio programming environment in the C# (Сі Sharp) programming language using the “Windows Form Application” framework using Windows operating systems. This program can be used in processing the results of studies conducted both according to the classical, and factorial (rational) plans. Making analysis data of experiments, conducted according to the factor plan with the help of this program the parameters of partial empirical dependencies of the studied factor Y on independent external factors are determined. The basic version of the method of creating an empirical multifactorial model of multiple nonlinear correlations based on the data obtained by the method of rational planning of the experiment is the version proposed in the work "Methodology of processing the results of a factorial experiment". The authors supplemented this method by determining the parameters of partial empirical dependencies based on logarithmic experimental data for averaging of which the geometric mean is used for each independent factor. It is proposed to determine the parameters of partial empirical dependencies, which are used to create a multifactorial model, based on the antilogarithms of the averaged values.
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Natori, Akina, Vandana Devika Sookdeo, Tulay Koru-Sengul, et al. "Predictors of adherence to patient reported outcomes and psychosocial needs questionnaire in a culturally diverse ambulatory oncology setting: The My Wellness Check Program." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 28_suppl (2021): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.173.
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173 Background: Electronic health record (EHR) integrated symptom monitoring using patient reported outcomes (PRO) has been associated with improved outcomes, including health-related quality of life (HRQoL), in cancer survivors. However, these improvements have been documented through reasonably high completion rates of PRO measures in predominantly non-Hispanic White patient populations using only English language assessments. This study aimed to 1) examine factors associated with the completion of PRO assessments and 2) test differences in referrals to cancer support services between PRO responders and non-responders in a cohort of cancer survivors with significant racial, ethnic, and primary language diversity. Methods: A retrospective analysis (October 2019-February 2021) was performed for patients who were assigned the My Wellness Check (MWC) program at a tertiary, comprehensive cancer center. MWC is an EHR-based PRO assessment and referral program that uses PROMIS computer adaptive tests for depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue, and physical function as well as a psychosocial needs assessment. MWC PRO questionnaire is available in English or Spanish based on patient preference. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were collected and incorporated in multivariable binary logistic regression model to examine factors associated with completion of the MWC PRO questionnaires. The frequency of referrals to cancer support services was compared by Chi-square test between MWC PRO responders and non-responders. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. Results: Of the 5306 patients eligible to complete MWC PRO questionnaire, the majority were female (64.1%), White (86.9%), Hispanic (65.8%), English speaker (55.4%), and 46.0% were responders. Patients who were younger than 65 (aOR 1.39; 95%CI 1.22-1.59; p < 0.0001), female (1.23; 1.09-1.41; p = 0.0019), non-Hispanic/Latino (1.43; 1.25-1.64; p < 0.0001), living with partners ( = 1.28; 1.13-1.46; p = 0.0001), and receipt of active treatment (1.37; 1.18-1.58; p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with MWC PRO completion. Responders were referred to cancer support services more often than non-responders (16.6% vs 5.4%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Patient-level and clinical factors predict completion of PRO measures, and responders were more likely to have a referral to cancer support services. To optimize supportive care for ambulatory cancer patients, further research is needed to identify factors that can promote patient engagement, particularly in patients who are under-utilizers of such services.
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Parchman, Andrew J., Guo-Qiang Zhang, Patrick Mergler, et al. "Trial prospector: An automated clinical trials eligibility matching program." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (2013): 6538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.6538.
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6538 Background: Clinical trials are the evidence base for improving cancer treatment. Unfortunately, only approximately 5% of cancer patients (pts) take part in clinical research studies. Even in settings where clinical trials (CTs) are available, pt participation remains low. We hypothesize that the time required to identify appropriate studies for individual pts is a significant barrier to clinical trial accrual. Methods: Our multidisciplinary team developed Trial Prospector (TP), an innovative and flexible computer-based system that utilizes artificial intelligence and natural language processing to automatically extract information (e.g. demographics, pathologic diagnosis, stage, labs) from multiple clinical data systems and then match it to CT eligibility criteria. A user-friendly interface allows physician perusal of relevant CTs and eligibility checklists at the point of care without requiring manual data entry. We pilot tested TP in our cancer center GI oncology subspecialty clinics. TP was deployed for consecutive new pts, and oncologists (oncs) completed surveys after each visit to assess the usability and impact of TP. Results: Eleven medical oncologists (6 attendings and 5 fellows) participated in the pilot study. TP was deployed during 60 new pt visits. Of the 15 relevant GI/phase I CTs, TP identified a mean of 7 ± 2.7 eligible trials per patient. The most common reasons for ineligibility were pathologic diagnosis and labs. CTs were considered by the treating onc for 66.7% of the pts. 95% of participating oncs reviewed the TP output at the point of care with 70% spending 0-5 minutes assessing eligibility. Of the pts considered for CTs, a TP report was reviewed 72.5% of the time. Oncs reported that TP saved time identifying potential CTs during 57.1% of the visits. The reports were manually reviewed, and the TP matching algorithm was 100% accurate. 90.9% of the oncs recommended TP for CT screening. Conclusions: These results indicate that Trial Prospector is a feasible, accurate, and effective means to identify CTs for individual pts during a busy outpatient oncology clinic. Ongoing refinements will expand clinical data extraction and CT warehouse to improve precision and applicability across diseases.
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A. AbdulKareem, Mishaal. "Experimental Investigation and Mathematical Modelling of Pressure Response for Steam Generator." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.19 (2018): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.19.28077.
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Cold startup of boiler is the process of boiler operation with water at ambient temperature and pressure with all intake and discharge valves are fully closed to permit fast development of pressure. A mathematical model is developed to estimate the pressure response during cold startup of a perfectly insulated steam generator unit. A commercial type pressure switch is used in this unit to control and maintain the desired set point of the steam operating pressure. This mathematical model assume that the thermal properties of the supplied liquid water are temperature dependent. It is based on a novel Pressure Marching Technique that is coded using a FORTRAN language computer program. The maximum percentage error of (8.24 %) was obtained when comparing the predicted results of the mathematical model with the measured values obtained from the experimental test that was done using a (2 kW) electric steam generator unit with a volume of (30 litter) and maximum operating pressure of (8 bar). In addition, the same behavior of the predicted results was obtained when compared with results of a previously published article. It was found that the time constant of the pressure control system is directly proportional with its operating pressure set point and with the volume of the steam generator and its void fraction. A (50%) increase in the pressure set point will increase the time constant by (66.16%). Increasing the boiler volume by (166.667%) will increase the time constant by (166.677%) and increasing the boiler void fraction by (150%) will increase the time constant by (23.634%). The time constant is inversely proportional with the heating power of the steam generator. A (100%) increase in the heating power will decrease the time constant by (50%). The time constant is independent of the initial water temperature. Also, it was found that the time delay to start water evaporation is directly proportional with the volume of the steam generator. A (166.667%) increase in boiler volume will increase the time delay by (166.65%). The time delay is inversely proportional with the initial water temperature and with the heating power and void fraction of the steam generator. A (38.889%) increase in the initial water temperature will decrease the time delay by (8.882%). Increasing the heating power by (100%) will decrease the time delay by (50%) and increasing the boiler void fraction by (150%) will decrease the time delay by (16.665%). The time delay is independent on the operating pressure set point.