Relevant bibliographies by topics / Forward and backward linkages

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Academic literature on the topic 'Forward and backward linkages'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Forward and backward linkages"

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Cai, Junning, PingSun Leung, and James Mak. "Tourism’s Forward and Backward Linkages." Journal of Travel Research 45, no. 1 (August 2006): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287506288869.

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Li, Libo, Wenbing Wu, Mingyu Zhang, and Lu Lin. "Linkage Analysis between Finance and Environmental Protection Sectors in China: An Approach to Evaluating Green Finance." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 2634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052634.

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Given the growing awareness of sustainable development, the environmental protection industry has attracted much attention. Green finance has developed rapidly in policymaking and practices. This study provides a framework for evaluating green finance via linkage analysis based on input–output theory. Measurements on industrial linkages are calculated in China in two provinces from 2002 to 2018, which study the relationship between finance and environmental protection sectors. The results show that the environmental protection sector (EPS) in China has gradually developed from a sector with weak backward and strong forward linkages to a sector with strong backward and weak forward linkages from 2002 to 2015; however, in 2017 and 2018, the EPS returned to a sector with weak backward and strong forward linkages. At the provincial level, the EPS used to be a key sector with strong backward and forward linkages. The connection between the finance sector and the EPS rose first, then declined in the country and the Zhejiang province; Guangdong had a similar evolution in the former period, but it had a rising trend in the latest year. The findings provide insights for further promoting the support from the finance sector to the environmental protection activities.
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Kunnoot, Sompote. "Changing Trade Structure and Industrial Deepening in the Thai Economy." Journal of Asian Development 4, no. 2 (June 19, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jad.v4i2.13200.

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Industrial development is increasing in complexity by economic inter-dependence within an economy. Between 1975 and 2010, Thailand’s industrial deepening was evidenced by an increase in average aggregate linkages. Backward linkages for manufacturing sectors is found to be above the agricultural and primary sectors as well as service sectors. Backward linkage improvement in the agricultural and primary sectors is matched by forward linkage improvement in the service sectors. Through the growth of intra-industry trade of the global supply chain, structural change is driven by the strong growth of manufacturing sectors, relative to the agricultural and primary sectors as well as the service sectors. Stationary backward and forward linkages in manufacturing sectors indicate constant reliance on imports and equally on the agricultural, primary and service sectors for input requirements and a strong reliance on export market for growth.
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Mossay, Pascal, Pierre M. Picard, and Takatoshi Tabuchi. "Urban structures with forward and backward linkages." Regional Science and Urban Economics 83 (July 2020): 103522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2020.103522.

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Das, Ramesh Chandra, Amaresh Das, and Kamal Ray. "Examining Forward and Backward Linkages between Public and Private Investments." Review of Market Integration 10, no. 1 (April 2018): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974929218761080.

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Proper working of forward and backward linkages between the public and private investments in the face of balanced development of an economy is an already established fact in the literature of development economics.The present article is aimed at examining the working of these two linkage effects upon the economies of 24 countries in different economic status: whether public capital is more productive than private capital and finally to test whether public investments crowd-in or crowd-out the private investments for the period 1988–2013. The results show that, for the entire period, forward linkage has worked for Spain, Senegal and Ecuador and backward linkages worked for United States of America, United Kingdom, Thailand, South Africa, Nigeria, Cambodia, Rwanda and Paraguay. Both forward and backward linkages have happened for Ireland, China, India, Brazil and Peru. For the second objective, the numbers of instances of the income-generative capacities of both types of investments are a few in the entire as well pre-crisis phases unlike that of the post-crisis phase. And the results of the third objective show that there are the maximum instances in favour of crowding-in effects from either private to public or from public to private in all the time phases and a few instances in crowding-out effects. JEL: O18, H54, E22, E01
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Dobbs, Thomas L., and John D. Cole. "Potential effects on rural economies of conversion to sustainable farming systems." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 7, no. 1-2 (June 1992): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300004495.

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AbstractConversions from conventional to sustainable farming systems could affect local rural economies either positively or negatively, by several means: changes in income of agricultural households; backward linkages to input supply firms; forward linkages to transportation, processing, and marketing firms; and changes in consumer expenditures by agricultural and other households. We estimated these effects for five local rural economies in South Dakota, representing different agroclimatic and population settlement patterns. Whole-farm economic models of case study conventional and sustainable farms in each area were used to estimate differences in input purchase and marketing patterns. We found declines in on-farm personal income (returns to farm labor and management) in four of the five case comparisons under a conversion to sustainable farming systems if organic price premiums are ignored; we found increases in three of five cases if applicable organic premiums are included. In all five study areas, total off-farm personal income drops in the portions of local economies connected to farming through backward linkages. It also drops in four of the five study areas in the portions of local economies connected through forward linkages if organic premiums are ignored (all five if organic premiums are included). However, net forward linkage effects are usually much smaller than net backward linkage effects, and on-farm personal income effects are substantially greater than either backward or forward off-farm linkage effects in most cases. The total (on-and off-farm) personal income effect of converting to sustainable systems is positive in only one area without organic premiums, and in one additional area with premiums. The ratio of total to on-farm personal income effects within local economies, considering only first round effects on backward- and forward-linked firms, averages 1.2 without organic premiums, or 0.6 with them. Taking account of more complete multiplier effects, which also consider changes in consumer expenditures and changes in expenditures for supplies by backward- and forward-linked firms, the average is 1.8 without organic premiums, or 0.8 with them. With more time for changes in sustainable production techniques and in the structure of farms and the rural economy, the overall economic effects of conversions to sustainable farming are likely to be more positive than our estimates.
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Kang, Jong Woo, and Suzette Dagli. "Tariff barriers and industrial spillover effects." Journal of Korea Trade 22, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 228–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-03-2018-0018.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that higher tariffs under protectionism will have significant indirect impact through industrial forward and backward linkages, causing greater economic losses to tariff-imposing economies than to exporting countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors use partial equilibrium analysis based on unique multi-regional input-output (IO) data in measuring the second-round spillover effects of higher tariffs, also investigating the scenario of plausible substitutability across import sources as well as sectors based on historical import intensity data. Findings Higher tariffs do not only have a direct impact, but also a significant indirect impact—through forward and backward linkages. Indirect effects can be extensive across economies and sectors—both in forward and backward linkages such as in transport—when value chains are longer and more complex. When possible substitution effects between different import sources and sectors are considered, negative forward linkage effects can be smaller, while negative backward linkage effects become more pronounced. Nevertheless, both negative effects are still found to be much bigger in indirect impacts compared with direct impacts. Research limitations/implications This implies that higher tariffs, including administrative trade measures such as anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties could ironically entail rather greater negative impact on the tariff-imposing importing economies by damaging their exports of domestic sectors using the targeted imports as intermediate inputs, which could be severe if the importing sector has a long value chain in particular through deep forward linkages. Originality/value This paper uses unique multi-regional IO data covering 45 economies’ 35 sectors in analyzing the second-round spillover effects across countries and sectors and employs comparative statics under different scenarios.
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Chifamba, Ronald T., and Ojijo Odhiambo. "An Analysis of the Potential of Manufacturing and Services Sectors as Drivers of Economic Growth and Development in Namibia." Business and Management Studies 1, no. 2 (August 19, 2015): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v1i2.1046.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the potential of the manufacturing and services sectors as drivers of economic growth in Namibia. The paper uses the intersectoral linkage analysis method to identify the industries with the greatest backward and forward linkages. The economy-wide impact of these industries is simulated further using a CGE model. The greatest backward linkages for manufacturing industries were found in meat processing, fish processing, grain milling, basic metals and construction. The greatest backward linkages for the tertiary industries were found in trade and repairs, hotels and restaurants, finance and insurance, and other private services. The greatest forward linkages for manufacturing industries were found in paper and printing, chemicals and rubber, fabricated metals and machinery, and electricity generation and distribution. The greatest forward linkages for tertiary industries were found in transport, communication, finance and insurance, and market real estate and business services. These, therefore, are the sectors that policies could target as they have greatest impact and could enable Namibia to achieve higher levels of growth. Further, simulation results are obtained from a CGE model by introducing direct exogenous increases in the output of the perceived key industries and examining the economy-wide feedback effects.
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Hoetoro, Arif, Deni Aditya Susanto, and . "The Improvement of Inter-Firm Linkages Within Dormant Mse Cluster: a Case of East Java." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.30 (August 24, 2018): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18429.

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The stagnant development of MSE clusters might be a priority concern of the government. It has been expected that such clusters need proper policies and regulations to well develop. In East Java, for instance, policies to improve inter-firm linkages within MSE cluster has been perceived as a vital effort to activate the dormant cluster. An effective inter-firm linkages will support the clustered MSEs to overcome their isolation problems so as to augment their productive capacity and enlarge output distribution. By taking the cluster of “Wisata Panci” in Pasuruan, East Java” as research object, this research revealed that inter-firm linkages are very beneficial for the advance development of the cluster. After suffering from financial crisis in 1998, the cluster succeeded to grow and develop to be active cluster.Methodologically, this research examined factors strengthening inter-firm linkages within the cluster by employing Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In doing so, local government and cluster entrepreneurs were deeply interviewed to formulate policy choices related the strategies of inter-firm linkage improvement.The results of this research revealed that entrepreneurs within the cluster give more stressing on forward linkage improvement. Accordingly, horizontal linkage was ranked in second place. And finally, backward linkage was ranked in third place. This study concluded that both local government and entrepreneurs have same perception to more develop the cluster to be active MSEs cluster. It seems that forward linkage, especially consumptiom linkage, plays a vital role for this purpose as clustered MSEs commonly need an effective market channel to distribute their outputs widely. However, backward and horizontal linkages are also important as the linkages support further contribution to forward linkage and spur local business
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Ngo, Quang-Thanh, Ngoc-Phuc Doan, Thanh-Hai Thi Tran, and Tien-Dung Nguyen. "Technology Adoption Strategies in the Supply Chain: The case of Vietnamese Young Small and Medium-sized Enterprises." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 2 (May 17, 2020): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6020037.

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The paper, using a three-wave unbalanced panel of 3252 observations of young small and medium-sized firms in 2011–2013, examines the effect of direct linkages between firms with foreign direct investment and young small and medium-sized firms on technology adoption strategies and the further influence of technology transfers from such linkages on technology adoption strategies. Moreover, the paper analyzes the extent that economic obstacles may cause young small and medium-sized firms to choose different adoptions. Our analysis shows that exporting firms do not tend to conduct embodied backward/forward adoptions, but more likely adopt the embodied backward purchasing. In addition, the impact of competitiveness follows an inverse U-shaped pattern for the embodied backward adoption, but a U-shaped pattern for the disembodied adoption. In terms of market power, there exists an inversed U-shaped pattern for the embodied backward adoption. Under the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) linkages and vertical spillovers, it is found that technology transfer through backward/forward linkages is associated with the embodied ones, whereas a linkage with FDI domestic customers/suppliers is less likely associated with the embodied ones. In addition, under technology transfer, firms facing economic constraints may overcome these by looking for other financial sources and embodied technology transfer. The paper suggests the path for FDI firms, young small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and technology adoption strategies in the future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forward and backward linkages"

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Marques, Dinamar Maria Ferreira. "Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para mensuração da participação do agronegócio na economia: uma aplicação para o estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3156.

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Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-09-24T13:16:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Marques, Dinamar Maria Ferreira.pdf: 2835889 bytes, checksum: 2222f8deb0509f761a339ed5f3aa6ee1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-24T15:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Marques, Dinamar Maria Ferreira.pdf: 2835889 bytes, checksum: 2222f8deb0509f761a339ed5f3aa6ee1 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-27
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This master thesis analyzes the representativity of the value added of the agribusiness and their aggregates in the Goiás’s economy. First, we sought to build a Input-Output Table, based on the Table of Resources and Uses of Goiás/2008. From the results of the Input-Output Table, it was possible to determine the relevance of each agregate in relation to the agribusiness sector. Moreover, with the results of the Input-Output Table it was possible to calculate the multiplier effects on employment and income, indexes of forward and backward linkages, identifying the key sectors for the economic development of Goiás state. Finally, we analyzed the transactions of Goiás with the rest of the world and with other Brazilian states. The results showed that the share of agribusiness accounted for over a quarter of the value of all economic activities that form Goiás’s GDP (27.6%), reaching an amount of R$ 18,161 billions in 2008.
Este trabalho analisa a representatividade do valor adicionado do agronegócio e seus agregados na economia goiana. Primeiramente, para atingir os objetivos propostos, buscou-se construir uma Matriz de Insumo e Produto (MIP), com base na Tabela de Recursos e Usos de Goiás/2008 (TRU). A partir dos resultados da MIP, foi possível determinar a relevância de cada agregado do agronegócio em relação ao setor. Ademais, com os resultados da MIP foi possível calcular os multiplicadores de impacto no emprego e na renda, os índices de ligação para frente e para trás (forward e backward linkages), identificando os setores-chave para o desenvolvimento da economia goiana. Por fim, analisou-se as transações de Goiás com o resto do mundo e com as demais unidades da Federação. Os resultados revelaram que a participação do agronegócio representou mais de um quarto do valor de todas as atividades econômicas que formam a estrutura produtiva goiana (27,6%), e atingiu um montante de R$ 18,161 bilhões em 2008.
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Helsel, Jolien A. "Essays on the spatial analysis of manufacturing employment in the U.S." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1216145972.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 22, 2009). Advisor: Marvin Troutt. Keywords: manufacturing; spatial analysis; cluster; input-output; forward linkage; backward linkage; key sector; geostatistics; kriging; Kaldor's laws; spatial autocorrelation. Includes bibliographical references.
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LIU, Zhuomin. "Testing backward linkages of FDI in China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2005. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/econ_etd/19.

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Inward FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) affects productivity of local industries through three channels- direct effects, horizontal spillovers, and vertical linkages. This study focuses on the backward linkages of FDI in the 28 two-digit manufacturing sectors in China, as well as their horizontal and forward linkage effects. Two related tests, firm level pooled data test 1999-2002 and industrial level panel data test 1994-2003 are conducted to investigate whether backward linkages from multinational buyers brings productivity gain to local suppliers. Firm level tests provide convincing evidence that increase backward linkage of FDI will lead to productivity gains. This includes not only total factor productivity, but also labor productivity. Industry level tests, when conducted with and without time dummy variables, give different results: estimations with time dummy variables give little or sometimes negative results on the coefficients of backward linkage, while those without time dummy variables give positive and significant findings. Our estimation results also suggest positive effects of horizontal spillovers for both tests. Forward linkage is found to be negative in general. In sum, among the three spillover channels, backward linkage and horizontal spillovers are found to be beneficial to local industries, which is consistent with previous studies and the Chinese government’s incentives to attract more foreign direct investment.
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Dey, Palash-Kishore, and Md-Tawfique-Hasan Sumon. "Effects of the Post Multi-Fiber Agreement on Bangladesh Readymade Garments Sector." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1202.

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The thesis “Effects of the Post Multi-fiber Agreement on Bangladesh Ready Made Garments Sector” is a part of our M.Sc. in Business Administration Program. The thesis paper on this topic is done under the supervision of Mr. Göran Alsén, Professor of Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) Ronneby, Sweden. In our country garment industry has been playing most vital role in our national economy, foreign exchange earnings, employment, growth in other sector and most prominently women employment. In the first chapter we tried to focus on the historical background of Multi Fiber Agreement, the growth of Bangladesh Garments Manufacturer and Exporter Association (BGMEA).In 1983 the total members of BGMEA were 143 with narrow export volume but in 2007 we see the total members are 4637.They contribute 75.64% of our total export (BGMEA, 2007). People who are directly involved with this sector became worried because of phase out of quota system from January 2005.But if we observe the current scenario it is very much positive for our national economy. It’s true that competition grew high but at the same time we can say that our garments industry did not lose its market reputation compared to that of other rival competitors like China, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam etc. It’s very obvious that we have great problem with the backward linkage industry. As a result we are facing huge competition among the competitors. We have to face huge competition with the other competitors as long as we could set up our backward linkage industry. Under these circumstances, our Government is taking necessary steps to remove this problem. It is now simply a matter of time. But we hope we will get rid of this problem very soon. In this thesis paper we have tried to analyze the performance of five different RMG companies and we have also tried to examine the impact of withdrawal of quota system. Based on these five RMG factories we observe that our RMG industry is performing well after Post MFA. In addition, if we look our total exports we see that approximately 74.93% of our total export is from RMG sector. It is very promising sector compared to other export items. Thus we can say that to survive in this competitive sector our RMG sector should take some more necessary steps like improving employee efficiency, ensuring more training facility, emphasizing on backward linkage industry etc. To attract foreign investors these are very important.
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Gross, Warren Jeffrey. "VLSI architectures for the forward-backward algorithm." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ45609.pdf.

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Georgi, Marc. "Zentrumsmannigfaltigkeiten und Verzweigungen in Forward-Backward-Delay-Gleichungen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2007/208/index.html.

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Giannakopoulou, Karamouzi Iris. "Forward-backward : the odyssey as a design interface." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118505.

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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Thesis: S.M. in Architecture Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2018
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 141-149).
The Odyssey, one of the two Homeric poems, the other being the Iliad, stands as an exemplary invention of the ancient Greek oral tradition. Odysseus's nostos, his returning journey to his homeland, Ithaca, still echoes today, as an inexhaustible source of imagination and creativity. This project postulates that in the instance of the Odyssey, Homer blends imagination with reality, history with myth, the humans with the gods, and the living with the dead. In doing so, he offers us, an affective experience of the known and the unknown territories of the Cosmos; a poetic world of sounds, images, tastes and emotions; a 'synesthetic' experience that puts into question the platonic modes of thinking that supplemented the Homeric period. This work wishes to explore the Odyssey as interface for contemporary design, looking into significant shifts in epochs, such as the one from orality to literacy and further on to what the cultural theorist Gregory Ulmer coins as electracy which describes the technological, ideological and institutional apparatus of the contemporary digital epoch. As such, what specifically interests me in the myth of Odysseus, as a creative invention of the oral tradition, are the underlying logics and characteristics of this interface, which not only allow insight into the shift from an oral to a literate ontology, but are also suggestive as we look into contemporary digital design thinking, making and doing. My exploration in this project, takes the form of a 'forward-backward' exploration between Ulmer's theories and the interface of the Odyssey, as well as a 'forward-backward' oscillation between different epochs, aspired to creatively engage with the myth of Odysseus in search of latent design intelligences for the contemporary epoch.
by Iris Giannakopoulou Karamouzi.
S.M. in Architecture Studies
S.M.inArchitectureStudies Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture
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Wang, Xince. "Quasilinear PDEs and forward-backward stochastic differential equations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17383.

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In this thesis, first we study the unique classical solution of quasi-linear second order parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). For this, we study the existence and uniqueness of the $L^2_{\rho}( \mathbb{R}^{d}; \mathbb{R}^{d}) \otimes L^2_{\rho}( \mathbb{R}^{d}; \mathbb{R}^{k})\otimes L^2_{\rho}( \mathbb{R}^{d}; \mathbb{R}^{k\times d})$ valued solution of forward backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with finite horizon, the regularity property of the solution of FBSDEs and the connection between the solution of FBSDEs and the solution of quasi-linear parabolic PDEs. Then we establish their connection in the Sobolev weak sense, in order to give the weak solution of the quasi-linear parabolic PDEs. Finally, we study the unique weak solution of quasi-linear second order elliptic PDEs through the stationary solution of the FBSDEs with infinite horizon.
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Gentile-Ludecke, Simona. "Backward Linkages and Knowledge Transfer. Evidence from the Polish Automotive Sector." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509065.

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The main focus of this study is on the impact of vertical knowledge transfer from Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) to indigenous Polish suppliers. It concentrates on the type of knowledge transferred by foreign subsidiaries and acquired by local suppliers as well as to the extent to which vertical linkages increase the capacity of local firms helping them to create new knowledge. The data analysed were collected through a mail survey and semi-structured interviews with two groups of firms: foreign subsidiaries and locallyowned suppliers in the Polish automotive sector. Using firm-level data both the type and extent of knowledge transferred by foreign subsidiaries and acquired by suppliers are analysed. The context of influencing factors such as inter-firm relationships and firm-level characteristics was taken into consideration. Furthermore, the impact of knowledge acquisition on local firms' capabilities and potential for new knowledge creation IS investigated. Using a sample of 64 companies (23 foreign subsidiaries and 41 locally owned suppliers) empirical evidence shows that foreign subsidiaries transfer knowledge to their Polish suppliers, and that locally owned suppliers, particularly those with a higher degree of technological penetration, are able to create new knowledge as result of their business interaction with foreign owned customers. The type of knowledge most frequently transferred/acquired comprises organisational and managerial know-how as well as product technology support. Looking at influential factors, empirical evidence shows that (a) subsidiary characteristics (autonomy in supply related decisions, role, age) influence the transfer of knowledge to suppliers, and also relationship characteristics (quality of relationship between subsidiary and local firms) playa relevant role in stimulating the transfer process; (b) relationship characteristics (length and quality of relationship) influence the acquisition of knowledge by domestic suppliers; (c) knowledge acquisition influences positively the performance improvement of locally owned suppliers; (d) locally owned suppliers characteristics (R&D intensity) and relationship characteristics (quality of relationship) have a positive influence on the creation of new knowledge. The key contributions of this study are twofold: it provides a comprehensive view of buyer-supplier knowledge transfer, taking both foreign subsidiaries and locally owned suppliers into account, and it proposes a framework that links knowledge transfer to absorption and impact on firms' competitiveness and innovativeness.
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Dupuis, Grace. "Top quark forward-backward asymmetry in R-parity violating supersymmetry." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114564.

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The interaction of bottom squark-mediated top quark pair production, occuring in the R-parity violating minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), is proposed as an explanation of the anomalously large forward-backward asymmetry (FBA) observed at the Tevatron. It is found that this model can give a good fit to top quark data, both the inclusive and invariant mass-dependent asymmetries, while remaining consistent with the total and differential production cross-sections. The model faces very strict constraints from atomic parity violation (APV), resulting from contributions to the effective down quark-Z vertex, but this constraint may be weakened by the additional diagram which is included when top squark mixing is accounted for, and can be satisfied for suitable values of the top squark mass and mixing angle. The model is also challenged by large contributions to flavour-changing neutral currents, however these may be avoided in scenarios admitting heavy first and second generation squarks.
Ce travail propose comme explication à l'asymétrie avant-arrière, anormalement large, observée au Tevatron, le processus de production de quark top par échange de squark bottom qui s'inscrit dans le Modèle Standard Supersymétrique Minimal, avec violation de R-parité. Les resultats démontrent une bonne concordance entre les données d'asymétrie du quark top, tout en restant en accord avec la section efficace totale de production et la section efficace differentielle. Le modèle développé est fortenant contraint par les données de violation de la parité atomique, resultant des contributions au couplage effectif entre le quark down et le boson Z, mais il est possible de limiter cet effet, en prenant en considération le mélange du squark top. Ce modèle est aussi contraint par les contributions importantes aux courants neutres de changement de saveur. Cependant, si les squarks de troisième génération sont légers, ces contributions peuvent être évitées.
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Books on the topic "Forward and backward linkages"

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Rajagopal. Indian agriculture: An analysis of backward and forward linkages. New Delhi, India: Inter-India Publications, 1990.

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G.K. Chesterton: Thinking backward, looking forward. Philadelphia, PA: Templeton Foundation Press, 2005.

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Gross, Warren Jeffrey. VLSI architectures for the forward-backward algorithm. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

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Bagwell, Kyle. Backward stealing and forward manipulation in the WTO. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Ma, Jin. Forward-backward stochastic differential equations and their applications. Berlin: Springer, 1999.

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Tony, Beckett, ed. 1 Thessalonians: Moving forward in a backward world. Lincoln, NE: Back to the Bible Pub., 2001.

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Ma, Jin, and Jiongmin Yong. Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations and their Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48831-6.

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"Forward/Backward": Jing ji qi ji di mi si. Taibei Shi: Zhonghua zheng xin suo, 1998.

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ill, Dijs Carla, ed. Hot pursuit: A forward-and-backward pop-up book. Los Angeles: Price/Stern/Sloan Publishers, 1987.

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Hufbauer, Gary Clyde. North American economic integration: 25 years backward and forward. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Forward and backward linkages"

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Li, Chengchun, and Sailesh Tanna. "FDI Spillover Effects in China’s Manufacturing Sector: New Evidence From Forward and Backward Linkages." In Advances in Panel Data Analysis in Applied Economic Research, 203–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70055-7_15.

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Khondker, Bazlul H. "Backward and Forward Linkages in the Bangladesh Economy: Application of the Social Accounting Matrix Framework." In South Asia Economic and Policy Studies, 171–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2071-2_12.

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Fan, John L. "Forward-Backward Algorithm." In Constrained Coding and Soft Iterative Decoding, 97–116. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1525-8_3.

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Cvitanić, Jakša, and Jianfeng Zhang. "Forward-Backward SDEs." In Contract Theory in Continuous-Time Models, 229–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14200-0_11.

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Zhang, Jianfeng. "Forward-Backward SDEs." In Backward Stochastic Differential Equations, 177–201. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7256-2_8.

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Iordache, Octavian. "Forward and Backward." In Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure, 71–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01243-4_4.

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Koski, Timo. "Forward-Backward Algorithm." In Hidden Markov Models for Bioinformatics, 293–316. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0612-5_14.

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Draze, Dianne, and Mary Lou Johnson. "Backward and Forward." In Red Hot Root Words, 37–38. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003237679-15.

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Shachar, Hila. "Moving Backward, Looking Forward." In Cultural Afterlives and Screen Adaptations of Classic Literature, 61–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137262875_4.

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Pan, Jianbiao, Jasbir Bath, Xiang Zhou, and Dennis Willie. "Backward and Forward Compatibility." In Lead-Free Soldering, 173–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68422-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Forward and backward linkages"

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Suyanto and Yenny Sugiarti. "Backward and Forward Linkages of Productivity Effect from Foreign Direct Investment." In Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Management Research (AICMaR 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aicmar-18.2019.5.

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Jaunzems, Andrejs, and Ilze Balode. "Comparison of backward and forward linkages for industries in the Baltic States and Finland." In 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev2018.17.n050.

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Albay, Fe Zinnia, Conrado M. Gempesaw, J. Richard Bacon, and Levsiri Munasinghe. "A forward and backward linkage agricultural production simulation model." In the 27th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/224401.224758.

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Turdalieva, Ainura. "Input-Output Analysis of the Kyrgyzstan Economy (2005-2010)." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.00984.

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Structural changes in economy become the important goal of economic development in the developing countries. During the ongoing globalization process, the successful execution of special analysis and approaches caused the growing interest in macroeconomic planning and development policies. In this context, input-output analysis is emerging as an alternative research method among the other economic planning methods. Given paper based on input-output analysis and used input-output tables prepared for the years 2005 and 2010 by The National Statistical Committee of Kyrgyz Republic. İntersectoral relations, forward and backward linkages, industrial structure dependency, production techniques, efficiency of input usage were calculated in this paper. The results are as follows: for five years economy has been functioning in poor conditions; together with the lack of interaction between sectors, economy is not integrated; there were external dependence in production structure. It is notable that for achieving economic growth, economy needed investments to stimulate the production capacity, which strengthening inter-sectoral relationship and stable macroeconomic planning.
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Bozdağ, Emre Güneşer, and Sıtkıcan Saraçoğlu. "Analysis of Competitiveness of Turkey and Commonwealth of Independent States in their Automotive Market." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00679.

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Automotive sector is a driving sector for countries due to forward and backward linkages and employment and value added it creates. Starting from this point, this study aims to analyze the competitiveness of CIS and Turkey automotive sector in their market. The competitiveness of the countries should be assessed with their production potential. The countries subject to the study are thirteen Eurasian countries, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The data from UNCTAD for 1995-2011 period for these countries and Liesner Index (RCAL), Balassa Index (RCA), Relative Trade Advantage Index (RTA) and Relative Competitiveness Index (RC) are used and the rank correlation between the outcomes are checked via Spearman Rank Correlation coefficient. According to the outcomes, Belarus, Turkey and Uzbekistan have higher comparative advantage compared to the other countries. The cooperation of these countries with Russia and Ukraine on production and trade of automotive sector will enhance their comparative advantage against third countries.
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Özdil, Tuncer, Ainura Turdalieva, and Cengiz Yılmaz. "Comparing the Turkish and Russian Economies by the Using of Input-Output Analysis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02319.

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Nowadays, progress in information technologies and globalization, influenced disappearing the borders between countries in economic terms; and the competition has spread worldwide and became influential on all countries and territories. In this process, countries have joined forces to create a stronger competitive environment. The results obtained from comparative study of the production structures is extremely important to countries for achieving economic cooperation to increase mutual economic interests, the relations between their countries’ economies and planning. The purpose of this paper is to describe the production structures of Turkey and Russian economies. The comparative analysis of the similarities and differences in the production structures of both countries made by input-output approach. Given research based on analysis of input-output tables prepared by the Statistics Committees of two countries. For the study purpose forward and backward linkages, key sectors, efficiency in intermediate product usage, production techniques, external trade and production structure were calculated and compared on sectoral and macro-level. The results, obtained from the analysis, allow giving recommendations to further development of economic relations between countries.
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Ohashi, Toshiro, and Akito Sugawara. "Traction Force Measurement During Collective Cell Migration Measured by Multichannel Micropillar Device." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2013-73163.

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Cell migration is essential for a variety of biological and pathological processes such as wound healing, inflammation and tumor metastasis. However, the mechanical environment within a group of cells during collective migration has not been well characterized. In this study, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) multichannel device was fabricated using standard photolithography and soft lithography techniques and was used to monitor cellular traction forces during migration. A migration rate of 5.7 μm/h was measured in microchannels and leading cells in the moving front of the migration generated traction forces with a maximum magnitude of 14 nN at their front side. Traction forces generated by cells behind the leading cells directed forces backward at both the front and rear sides. However, traction forces generated by cells behind the second row had forces in random directions and with smaller magnitudes compared to those on the front and the second row. It is assumed that cells on the front line generated large traction forces and migrated actively as single cells, pulling adjacent cells forward, whereas the cell movement after the third row was restricted by mechanical linkages between their neighboring cells.
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Mimura, Masato, Shinsuke Sakai, and Tatsuya Kawahara. "Forward-Backward Attention Decoder." In Interspeech 2018. ISCA: ISCA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/interspeech.2018-1160.

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Bennett, Gary L. "Looking Backward, Looking Forward." In SPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INT.FORUM-STAIF 2003: Conf.on Thermophysics in Microgravity; Commercial/Civil Next Generation Space Transportation; Human Space Exploration; Symps.on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion (20th); Space Colonization (1st). AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1541372.

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Pain, R. "Lepton forward-backward asymmetries." In Proceedings of the XXVI international conference on high energy physics. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.43524.

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Reports on the topic "Forward and backward linkages"

1

Bagwell, Kyle, and Robert Staiger. Backward Stealing and Forward Manipulation in the WTO. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w10420.

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Steedly, W., and R. Moses. Exponential Modeling Using Combined Forward and Backward Prediction. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada212317.

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Rangel, Antonio. Forward and Backward Intergenerational Goods: A Theory of Intergenerational Exchange. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7518.

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Mitchener, Kris James, and Christoph Trebesch. Sovereign Debt in the 21st Century: Looking Backward, Looking Forward. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28598.

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Head, Tim. Top Quark Spin Correlations and Leptonic Forward-Backward Asymmetries at D0. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1127933.

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Serbo, V. V. Measurement of the polarized forward-backward asymmetry of b quarks at SLD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/296741.

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Hong, Ziqing. Forward-Backward Asymmetry of Top Quark Pair Productionn at the Fermilab Tevatron. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1248218.

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Becker, U., S. C. Nahn, J. P. Rodin, and B. Smith. Effect of N{sub 2} contamination in L3 forward/backward muon chambers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/137158.

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Williams, D. The Left-Right Forward-Backward Asymmetry for B Quarks at the SLD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1454119.

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Williams, David C. The left-right forward-backward asymmetry for B quarks at the SLD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10162400.

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