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Marques, Dinamar Maria Ferreira. "Desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para mensuração da participação do agronegócio na economia: uma aplicação para o estado de Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3156.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This master thesis analyzes the representativity of the value added of the agribusiness and their aggregates in the Goiás’s economy. First, we sought to build a Input-Output Table, based on the Table of Resources and Uses of Goiás/2008. From the results of the Input-Output Table, it was possible to determine the relevance of each agregate in relation to the agribusiness sector. Moreover, with the results of the Input-Output Table it was possible to calculate the multiplier effects on employment and income, indexes of forward and backward linkages, identifying the key sectors for the economic development of Goiás state. Finally, we analyzed the transactions of Goiás with the rest of the world and with other Brazilian states. The results showed that the share of agribusiness accounted for over a quarter of the value of all economic activities that form Goiás’s GDP (27.6%), reaching an amount of R$ 18,161 billions in 2008.
Este trabalho analisa a representatividade do valor adicionado do agronegócio e seus agregados na economia goiana. Primeiramente, para atingir os objetivos propostos, buscou-se construir uma Matriz de Insumo e Produto (MIP), com base na Tabela de Recursos e Usos de Goiás/2008 (TRU). A partir dos resultados da MIP, foi possível determinar a relevância de cada agregado do agronegócio em relação ao setor. Ademais, com os resultados da MIP foi possível calcular os multiplicadores de impacto no emprego e na renda, os índices de ligação para frente e para trás (forward e backward linkages), identificando os setores-chave para o desenvolvimento da economia goiana. Por fim, analisou-se as transações de Goiás com o resto do mundo e com as demais unidades da Federação. Os resultados revelaram que a participação do agronegócio representou mais de um quarto do valor de todas as atividades econômicas que formam a estrutura produtiva goiana (27,6%), e atingiu um montante de R$ 18,161 bilhões em 2008.
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Helsel, Jolien A. "Essays on the spatial analysis of manufacturing employment in the U.S." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1216145972.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 22, 2009). Advisor: Marvin Troutt. Keywords: manufacturing; spatial analysis; cluster; input-output; forward linkage; backward linkage; key sector; geostatistics; kriging; Kaldor's laws; spatial autocorrelation. Includes bibliographical references.
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LIU, Zhuomin. "Testing backward linkages of FDI in China." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2005. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/econ_etd/19.
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Inward FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) affects productivity of local industries through three channels- direct effects, horizontal spillovers, and vertical linkages. This study focuses on the backward linkages of FDI in the 28 two-digit manufacturing sectors in China, as well as their horizontal and forward linkage effects. Two related tests, firm level pooled data test 1999-2002 and industrial level panel data test 1994-2003 are conducted to investigate whether backward linkages from multinational buyers brings productivity gain to local suppliers. Firm level tests provide convincing evidence that increase backward linkage of FDI will lead to productivity gains. This includes not only total factor productivity, but also labor productivity. Industry level tests, when conducted with and without time dummy variables, give different results: estimations with time dummy variables give little or sometimes negative results on the coefficients of backward linkage, while those without time dummy variables give positive and significant findings. Our estimation results also suggest positive effects of horizontal spillovers for both tests. Forward linkage is found to be negative in general. In sum, among the three spillover channels, backward linkage and horizontal spillovers are found to be beneficial to local industries, which is consistent with previous studies and the Chinese government’s incentives to attract more foreign direct investment.
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Dey, Palash-Kishore, and Md-Tawfique-Hasan Sumon. "Effects of the Post Multi-Fiber Agreement on Bangladesh Readymade Garments Sector." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1202.
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The thesis “Effects of the Post Multi-fiber Agreement on Bangladesh Ready Made Garments Sector” is a part of our M.Sc. in Business Administration Program. The thesis paper on this topic is done under the supervision of Mr. Göran Alsén, Professor of Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) Ronneby, Sweden. In our country garment industry has been playing most vital role in our national economy, foreign exchange earnings, employment, growth in other sector and most prominently women employment. In the first chapter we tried to focus on the historical background of Multi Fiber Agreement, the growth of Bangladesh Garments Manufacturer and Exporter Association (BGMEA).In 1983 the total members of BGMEA were 143 with narrow export volume but in 2007 we see the total members are 4637.They contribute 75.64% of our total export (BGMEA, 2007). People who are directly involved with this sector became worried because of phase out of quota system from January 2005.But if we observe the current scenario it is very much positive for our national economy. It’s true that competition grew high but at the same time we can say that our garments industry did not lose its market reputation compared to that of other rival competitors like China, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam etc. It’s very obvious that we have great problem with the backward linkage industry. As a result we are facing huge competition among the competitors. We have to face huge competition with the other competitors as long as we could set up our backward linkage industry. Under these circumstances, our Government is taking necessary steps to remove this problem. It is now simply a matter of time. But we hope we will get rid of this problem very soon. In this thesis paper we have tried to analyze the performance of five different RMG companies and we have also tried to examine the impact of withdrawal of quota system. Based on these five RMG factories we observe that our RMG industry is performing well after Post MFA. In addition, if we look our total exports we see that approximately 74.93% of our total export is from RMG sector. It is very promising sector compared to other export items. Thus we can say that to survive in this competitive sector our RMG sector should take some more necessary steps like improving employee efficiency, ensuring more training facility, emphasizing on backward linkage industry etc. To attract foreign investors these are very important.
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Gross, Warren Jeffrey. "VLSI architectures for the forward-backward algorithm." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0002/MQ45609.pdf.
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Georgi, Marc. "Zentrumsmannigfaltigkeiten und Verzweigungen in Forward-Backward-Delay-Gleichungen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2007/208/index.html.
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Giannakopoulou, Karamouzi Iris. "Forward-backward : the odyssey as a design interface." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118505.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: S.M. in Architecture Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2018
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 141-149).
The Odyssey, one of the two Homeric poems, the other being the Iliad, stands as an exemplary invention of the ancient Greek oral tradition. Odysseus's nostos, his returning journey to his homeland, Ithaca, still echoes today, as an inexhaustible source of imagination and creativity. This project postulates that in the instance of the Odyssey, Homer blends imagination with reality, history with myth, the humans with the gods, and the living with the dead. In doing so, he offers us, an affective experience of the known and the unknown territories of the Cosmos; a poetic world of sounds, images, tastes and emotions; a 'synesthetic' experience that puts into question the platonic modes of thinking that supplemented the Homeric period. This work wishes to explore the Odyssey as interface for contemporary design, looking into significant shifts in epochs, such as the one from orality to literacy and further on to what the cultural theorist Gregory Ulmer coins as electracy which describes the technological, ideological and institutional apparatus of the contemporary digital epoch. As such, what specifically interests me in the myth of Odysseus, as a creative invention of the oral tradition, are the underlying logics and characteristics of this interface, which not only allow insight into the shift from an oral to a literate ontology, but are also suggestive as we look into contemporary digital design thinking, making and doing. My exploration in this project, takes the form of a 'forward-backward' exploration between Ulmer's theories and the interface of the Odyssey, as well as a 'forward-backward' oscillation between different epochs, aspired to creatively engage with the myth of Odysseus in search of latent design intelligences for the contemporary epoch.
by Iris Giannakopoulou Karamouzi.
S.M. in Architecture Studies
S.M.inArchitectureStudies Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture
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Wang, Xince. "Quasilinear PDEs and forward-backward stochastic differential equations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17383.
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In this thesis, first we study the unique classical solution of quasi-linear second order parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs). For this, we study the existence and uniqueness of the $L^2_{\rho}( \mathbb{R}^{d}; \mathbb{R}^{d}) \otimes L^2_{\rho}( \mathbb{R}^{d}; \mathbb{R}^{k})\otimes L^2_{\rho}( \mathbb{R}^{d}; \mathbb{R}^{k\times d})$ valued solution of forward backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) with finite horizon, the regularity property of the solution of FBSDEs and the connection between the solution of FBSDEs and the solution of quasi-linear parabolic PDEs. Then we establish their connection in the Sobolev weak sense, in order to give the weak solution of the quasi-linear parabolic PDEs. Finally, we study the unique weak solution of quasi-linear second order elliptic PDEs through the stationary solution of the FBSDEs with infinite horizon.
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Gentile-Ludecke, Simona. "Backward Linkages and Knowledge Transfer. Evidence from the Polish Automotive Sector." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509065.
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The main focus of this study is on the impact of vertical knowledge transfer from Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) to indigenous Polish suppliers. It concentrates on the type of knowledge transferred by foreign subsidiaries and acquired by local suppliers as well as to the extent to which vertical linkages increase the capacity of local firms helping them to create new knowledge. The data analysed were collected through a mail survey and semi-structured interviews with two groups of firms: foreign subsidiaries and locallyowned suppliers in the Polish automotive sector. Using firm-level data both the type and extent of knowledge transferred by foreign subsidiaries and acquired by suppliers are analysed. The context of influencing factors such as inter-firm relationships and firm-level characteristics was taken into consideration. Furthermore, the impact of knowledge acquisition on local firms' capabilities and potential for new knowledge creation IS investigated. Using a sample of 64 companies (23 foreign subsidiaries and 41 locally owned suppliers) empirical evidence shows that foreign subsidiaries transfer knowledge to their Polish suppliers, and that locally owned suppliers, particularly those with a higher degree of technological penetration, are able to create new knowledge as result of their business interaction with foreign owned customers. The type of knowledge most frequently transferred/acquired comprises organisational and managerial know-how as well as product technology support. Looking at influential factors, empirical evidence shows that (a) subsidiary characteristics (autonomy in supply related decisions, role, age) influence the transfer of knowledge to suppliers, and also relationship characteristics (quality of relationship between subsidiary and local firms) playa relevant role in stimulating the transfer process; (b) relationship characteristics (length and quality of relationship) influence the acquisition of knowledge by domestic suppliers; (c) knowledge acquisition influences positively the performance improvement of locally owned suppliers; (d) locally owned suppliers characteristics (R&D intensity) and relationship characteristics (quality of relationship) have a positive influence on the creation of new knowledge. The key contributions of this study are twofold: it provides a comprehensive view of buyer-supplier knowledge transfer, taking both foreign subsidiaries and locally owned suppliers into account, and it proposes a framework that links knowledge transfer to absorption and impact on firms' competitiveness and innovativeness.
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Dupuis, Grace. "Top quark forward-backward asymmetry in R-parity violating supersymmetry." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114564.
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The interaction of bottom squark-mediated top quark pair production, occuring in the R-parity violating minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), is proposed as an explanation of the anomalously large forward-backward asymmetry (FBA) observed at the Tevatron. It is found that this model can give a good fit to top quark data, both the inclusive and invariant mass-dependent asymmetries, while remaining consistent with the total and differential production cross-sections. The model faces very strict constraints from atomic parity violation (APV), resulting from contributions to the effective down quark-Z vertex, but this constraint may be weakened by the additional diagram which is included when top squark mixing is accounted for, and can be satisfied for suitable values of the top squark mass and mixing angle. The model is also challenged by large contributions to flavour-changing neutral currents, however these may be avoided in scenarios admitting heavy first and second generation squarks.Ce travail propose comme explication à l'asymétrie avant-arrière, anormalement large, observée au Tevatron, le processus de production de quark top par échange de squark bottom qui s'inscrit dans le Modèle Standard Supersymétrique Minimal, avec violation de R-parité. Les resultats démontrent une bonne concordance entre les données d'asymétrie du quark top, tout en restant en accord avec la section efficace totale de production et la section efficace differentielle. Le modèle développé est fortenant contraint par les données de violation de la parité atomique, resultant des contributions au couplage effectif entre le quark down et le boson Z, mais il est possible de limiter cet effet, en prenant en considération le mélange du squark top. Ce modèle est aussi contraint par les contributions importantes aux courants neutres de changement de saveur. Cependant, si les squarks de troisième génération sont légers, ces contributions peuvent être évitées.
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Taheri, Shahnaz. "Nonconvex variational problems, heat flows and forward-backward diffusion equations." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441611.
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Amjad, Muhammad Sohail. "Forward-Backward asymmetry in top pair production at the ILC." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949818.
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This thesis is done in the framework of the ILC. The determination of the electroweak couplings of the top quark, is one of the tasks at the ILC. The thesis is dedicated to the measurement of the Forward-backward asymmetry in top quark pairs, at 500 GeV, using two beam polarization configurations, in the fully hadronic decay channel. The top quark almost exclusively decays to a b quark and a W boson. The 6 jet final state is analyzed using full detector simulation. Two jets with highest b-tag are taken as b jets and the remaining four jets are used to reconstruct the W s. The identification of the top and anti-top quarks is done by using the vertex charge of the b quark. Precisions on the production cross sections are also calculated. This thesis also includes a chapter on the optimization of the Si-W Electromagnetic calorimeter of the International Large Detector (ILD), one of the two detectors at the ILC. The ECAL of ILD, will consist of alternate layers of Silicon and Tungsten, where Silicon layers are active layers, while Tungsten is passive material. The Silicon layers are divided into wafers, surrounded by guard rings, to avoid the leakage currents. The analysis is focused to optimize the guard ring size. The thesis is divided into 6 chapters. The first chapter gives a brief over view of the Standard Model. The second chapter is dedicated to the theoretical aspects of the top quark physics at the ILC. A detailed description of the ILD and its sub-detectors is given in the 3rd chapter. The 4th chapter presents the studies of the optimization of Si-W ECAL guard ring size. The 5th chapter contains the details of analysis of tt production at ILC, and measurement of the AFBt . The last chapter contains the summary of the results.
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Nödtvedt, Sebastian. "CM model view transformations To support runtime forward/backward compatibility." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-442392.
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The task to implement a solution of handling updates and version discrepancies within a testbeds Configuration Management. The Ericsson 5G testbed is built to support deployment of higher layer functions in a cloud environment. The benefits of using cloud deployments is mainly that it enables elastic application that can grow and shrink its footprint in runtime to adjust the capacity according to the traffic load. Schema data associated with different versions of a document-oriented database within a cloud environment provides dynamic properties but what remains static and cumbersome is updating parts of the system. If one can resolve this is then newer versions of functions can be instantiated in runtime and in parallel with older versions which partially can remove the need for application and system upgrades. However, this puts completely new demands on the architecture and how supportfunctions are designed. One such support function is the configuration managementfunction which in the current 5G testbed system is seen as an infrastructure function that can be replaced and upgraded independently of other running traffic applications.This requires handling of forward and backwards compatibility between the configuration management function and traffic functions that consume the configuration data. In this report a prototype was constructed and tested, the prototype consists of mainly two core components. Firstly a Wizard which handles two different versions of a model and generates a transformation schema, this is then passed to the Transformation which does the needed data transformation for compatibility. The Wizard starts by ensuring the required data is compatible and additionally acts as ainteractive tool for a operator, providing a overview and insight into the datatransformation. A solution within the frames of being a proof of concept was successfully implemented and demonstrated, inherent limitations where taken into account in the design. In conclusion a feasible solution is possible to implement for resolving version management within a system like the 5G testbed, which reduces a otherwise slow and error prone manual process.
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Alkhatatneh, Taher Ata. "Technology transfer from foreign firms to local suppliers through backward linkages in Jordan." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/17517/.
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This study is an attempt to understand the phenomenon of technology transfer. The study examines the extent of technology transfer from foreign firms to their local suppliers in Jordan, and also investigates the factors that affect the extent of technology transfer. In this study, an effort was made to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of technology transfer to local suppliers, how foreign manufacturing companies are supporting their local suppliers, and what types of assistance are provided to local suppliers. Furthermore, this study has explored the obstacles to the formation of backward linkages with local firms. These findings are based on an administrated questionnaire to a sample of 223 foreign firms operating in Jordan and semi-structured interviews conducted with purchasing managers. A total of 93 usable responses were collected, a response rate of 51%. For the purpose of data analysis the study utilises descriptive statistics and multivariate statistics (i.e. multiple regression and correlation analysis). The results show that the overall level of backward linkages and technology transfer is low. A number of factors affect this transfer, including market orientation, experience of the firm in host country, ownership structure, size of firms, the level of autonomy granted to firms, origin of firms, and geographical proximity. There is a significant relationship between types of industries and the extent of technology transfer. In addition, the findings reveal that most obstacles to the formation of backward linkages with local firms are the lack of local inputs and the poor quality of the locally available inputs; in particular, the specialised intermediates and components. A distinguishing feature of this study is that it extends previous studies in understanding the phenomenon of technology transfer and the factors that affect this transfer. The results suggest that creation of backward linkages and transfer of technology requires the availability of local suppliers with good quality, sufficient quantity, and competitive cost compared to their previous suppliers. This finding, therefore, raises implications for future technology transfer researchers and, by drawing off backward linkages and technology transfer literature, overcomes some of the deficiencies of previous research relating to backward linkages and technology transfer.
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Mufti, Salman. "The effect of forward and backward reasoning on managerial decision making." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86609.
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Reasoning is the cognitive process used to solve problems and make decisions. This study examined the effect of forward and backward reasoning strategies used by expert managers to make a decision in an unfamiliar problem situation. Expert managers (n = 114) were randomly assigned to one of two reasoning strategy groups: Forward (n = 59) and backward (n = 55). Based on their experience and education, the managers were also categorized into two levels of expertise: Senior managers (n = 26) and middle managers (n = 88). All managers were asked to read a business case study, write their responses using a forward or backward reasoning template, and to identify their reasoning preference. Independent coders were used to code the responses and statistical procedures of ANOVA, binary logistic regression, MANCOVA, and discriminant analysis were used to analyze the coded data. The results showed that senior managers reported a strong preference for backward reasoning while middle managers did not have a specific reasoning preference. Both senior and middle managers in the forward reasoning group, made a risk-averse decision while both senior and middle managers in the backward reasoning group made a risk-taking decision, which resulted in a superior decision outcome. The results also indicated that reasoning strategy specifically influenced the decision outcome through the four factors of decision analysis: Strategic decision, alternatives, criteria, and action plans, with criteria and alternatives emerging as the most important predictors of reasoning strategy. Overall, these findings support cognitive science research in other domains that experts in familiar situations use forward reasoning but in unfamiliar situations revert to backward reasoning, which results in better outcomes. This study has provided further evidence that the common dimensions of expertise are generalizable and replicable in the domain of management.Le raisonnement est le processus cognitif servant à solutionner des problèmes et à prendre des décisions. Cette étude a examiné l'effet des stratégies de raisonnement en chaînage avant et arrière (forward or backward reasoning) utilisées par des gestionnaires spécialisés pour prendre une décision en situation de problème inhabituel. Nous avons divisé au hasard les gestionnaires (n = 114) en deux groupes de stratégie de raisonnement : en chaînage avant (n = 59) et en chaînage arrière (n = 55). De plus, nous les avons regroupés en deux niveaux d'expertise selon leur expérience et leur éducation : les gestionnaires supérieurs (n = 26) et intermédiaires (n = 88). Nous leur avons tous demandé de lire une analyse de rentabilisation et de rédiger leurs réponses à l'aide d'un modèle de raisonnement en chaînage avant ou arrière, puis de préciser leur préférence. Nous avons fait appel à des codeurs indépendants pour traiter les réponses et procédures statistiques d'analyse de variance (ANOVA), de régression logistique binaire et d'analyse de covariance à variables multiples (MANCOVA); de plus, nous avons procédé à une analyse discriminante des données codées. Les résultats ont montré que les gestionnaires supérieurs ont exprimé une nette préférence pour le raisonnement en chaînage arrière (backward reasoning), alors que les gestionnaires intermédiaires n'ont rapporté aucune préférence particulière. Les gestionnaires supérieurs et intermédiaires du groupe de raisonnement en chaînage avant (forward reasoning) ont pris une décision prudente, tandis que les gestionnaires supérieurs et intermédiaires de l'autre groupe ont pris une décision impliquant un risque, ce qui a entraîné un résultat décisionnel supérieur. Les résultats ont aussi indiqué que la stratégie de raisonnement a particulièrement influencé le résultat décisionnel par l'entremise des quatre facteurs d'analyse des décisions : stratégie,
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Head, Timothy. "Top quark spin correlations and leptonic forward-backward asymmetries at D0." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/top-quark-spin-correlations-and-leptonic-forwardbackward-asymmetries-at-d0(a07247a9-4eac-4bc4-8c1f-48c9316e90aa).html.
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The top quark is the heaviest fundamental particle. Its correspondingly short lifetime implies that it will decay before top flavoured hadrons can form. This provides an opportunity to study the properties of a quark without the effects of hadronisation, which is unique in the standard model.Using data recorded by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, and corresponding to \unit[5.4]{fb^{-1}} of proton-antiproton collisions two analyses of the production and decay mechanism of top quarks are presented in this thesis. In the standard model the directions of the spin of top quarks produced in pairs by the strong interaction are expected to be correlated. In the first analysis, the strength of the correlation is extracted from the angles of the two leptons in the top quark and antiquark rest frames, yielding a correlation strength C=0.10\pm0.45. This is in agreement with the NLO QCD prediction within two standard deviations, but also in agreement with the no correlation hypothesis.In the second analysis, forward-backward asymmetries in top quark-antiquark production are measured using the charged leptons from top quark decays. We find that the angular distributions of \ell^{\mathrm{-}} relative to antiprotons and \ell^{+} relative to protons are in agreement with each other. Combining the two distributions and correcting for detector acceptance we obtain the forward-backward asymmetry \al=\left(5.8\pm5.1\mathrm{(stat)}\pm1.3\mathrm{(syst)}\right)\%, compared to the standard model prediction of \al\mathrm{(predicted)}=\left(4.7\pm0.1\right)\%.
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Culverwell, Malaika. "Foreign direct investment and corporate corporate linkages with local suppliers : an exploration of backward linkages in the mining industry in Chile." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415180.
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Brown, Ross C. "Foreign direct investment and regional economic development : backward electronics linkages in Scotland and Singapore." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1996. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21237.
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This thesis examines the material linkages generated by electronics foreign direct investment (FDI) in Scotland and Singapore. The reason for undertaking the research owes to the general perception that FDI has not developed strong local supply linkages in Scotland. Given that linkages between multinationals and local suppliers constitute the most important long-term benefit from FDI -in terms of additional employment, technology and skills- this seems worrying for Scotland's long-term economic development. Although FDI has become the standard vehicle ameliorating the industrial restructuring process in less favoured regions, our understanding of linkages remains poor. Recent theoretical discourses within the spatial literature claim organisational change within multinationals is improving the prospects for localised linkages. Critics of this scenario point out that linkage formation in less favoured regions remains weak. In order to assess these diverging claims, empirical informa tion collected using intensive research techniques examines the extent, nature, and quality of linkages generated by a small sample of electronics multinationals in Scotland and Singapore. Findings from empirical material point towards quite low linkage formation in both regions. Although higher linkage levels were found in Singapore, this mainly owed to FDI in Singapore's higher value supply sectors. On the whole linkages tend to be concentrated in low value supply areas such as fabricated metal and plastic parts, particularly in Scotland. These rather limited linkages effects go against the claims made by the localisation school mentioned above. The key causal factors inhibiting local linkage development were examined by scrutinising various plant-level characteristics such as procurement autonomy and design. Inter-plant sourcing differentials reveal that truncated plant autonomy in key areas of decision making responsibility, particularly design, play a significant part in preventing linkage development. In this respect, Singapore's policies towards developing more autonomous design-intensive FDI seems to facilitate local linkage development. In order to to maximise its regional economic potential, the thesis concludes with the need for greater policy intervention towards FDI and ends with specific policy recommendations aimed at increasing linkages in Scotland.
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Esser, Mareike [Verfasser], and Ellen [Akademischer Betreuer] Baake. "Recombination models forward and backward in time / Mareike Esser ; Betreuer: Ellen Baake." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1129874222/34.
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Boudinov, Edouard. "Measurement of the strange quark forward-backward asymmetry around the Z0 peak." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/83185.
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Fromm, Alexander. "Theory and applications of decoupling fields for forward-backward stochastic differential equations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17115.
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Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Theorie der sogenannten stochastischen Vorwärts-Rückwärts-Differentialgleichungen (FBSDE), welche als ein stochastisches Anologon und in gewisser Weise als eine Verallgemeinerung von parabolischen quasi-linearen partiellen Differentialgleichungen betrachtet werden können. Die Dissertation besteht aus zwei Teilen: In dem ersten entwicklen wir die Theorie der sogenannten Entkopplungsfelder für allgemeine mehrdimensionale stark gekoppelte FBSDE. Diese Theorie besteht aus Existenz- sowie Eindeutigkeitsresultaten basierend auf dem Konzept des maximalen Intervalls. Es beinhaltet darüberhinaus Werkzeuge um Regularität von konkreten Problemen zu untersuchen. Insgesamt wird die Theorie für drei Klassen von Problemen entwickelt: In dem ersten Fall werden Lipschitz-Bedingungen an die Parameter des Problems vorausgesetzt, welche zugleich vom Zufall abhängen dürfen. Die Untersuchung der beiden anderen Klassen basiert auf dem ersten. In diesen werden die Parameter als deterministisch vorausgesetzt. Gleichwohl wird die Lipschitz-Stetigkeit durch zwei verschiedene Formen der lokalen Lipschitz-Stetigkeit abgeschwächt. In dem zweiten Teil werden diese abstrakten Resultate auf drei konkrete Probleme angewendet: In der ersten Anwendung wird gezeigt wie globale Lösbarkeit von FBSDE in dem sogenannten nicht-degenerierten Fall untersucht werden kann. In der zweiten Anwendung wird die Lösbarkeit eines gekoppelten Systems gezeigt, welches eine Lösung zu dem Skorokhod''schen Einbettungproblem liefert. Die Lösung wird für den Fall einer allgemeinen nicht-linearen Drift konstruiert. Die dritte Anwendung führt auf Lösbarkeit eines komplexen gekoppelten Vorwärt-Rückwärts-Systems, aus welchem optimale Strategien für das Problem der Nutzenmaximierung in unvollständingen Märkten konstruiert werden. Das System wird in einem verhältnismäßig allgmeinen Rahmen gelöst, d.h. für eine verhältnismäßig allgemeine Klasse von Nutzenfunktion auf den reellen Zahlen.This thesis deals with the theory of so called forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDE) which can be seen as a stochastic formulation and in some sense generalization of parabolic quasi-linear partial differential equations. The thesis consist of two parts: In the first we develop the theory of so called decoupling fields for general multidimensional fully coupled FBSDE in a Brownian setting. The theory consists of uniqueness and existence results for decoupling fields on the so called the maximal interval. It also provides tools to investigate well-posedness and regularity for particular problems. In total the theory is developed for three different classes of FBSDE: In the first Lipschitz continuity of the parameter functions is required, which at the same time are allowed to be random. The other two classes we investigate are based on the theory developed for the first one. In both of them all parameter functions have to be deterministic. However, two different types of local Lipschitz continuity replace the more restrictive Lipschitz continuity of the first class. In the second part we apply these techniques to three different problems: In the first application we demonstrate how well-posedness of FBSDE in the so called non-degenerate case can be investigated. As a second application we demonstrate the solvability of a system, which provides a solution to the so called Skorokhod embedding problem (SEP) via FBSDE. The solution to the SEP is provided for the case of general non-linear drift. The third application provides solutions to a complex FBSDE from which optimal trading strategies for a problem of utility maximization in incomplete markets are constructed. The FBSDE is solved in a relatively general setting, i.e. for a relatively general class of utility functions on the real line.
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Williams, David C. (David Charles). "The left-right forward-backward asymmetry for B quarks at the SLD." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17362.
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Palfrey, Simon D. "Forward and backward voices : political analogy and indecorum in Shakespeare's late romances." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241349.
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Ahmouda, Ibrahim. "An empirical analysis of foreign direct investment in Libya : locational determinants and local backward linkages." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2015. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/25437/.
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The role of foreign direct investment (FDI) has been increasingly important as a mean of transferring technology and innovation from developed countries to developing ones. It has made a significant contribution to development and economic growth in host countries by allocating resources from wealthy countries to be transferred to those experiencing scarcity, allowing host countries to invest in activities beyond their domestic saving capabilities. Understanding the relationships of foreign investment with domestic suppliers, and what determines investment location choices, can help dictate the consequences of implementing passive, as opposed to active, FDI policies by host country governments, as well as providing the tools for FDI agencies to formulate their strategies. The main focus of this research is to determine the factors that most encourage and discourage FDI in Libya, to identify the different requirements of each type of FDI by applying different characteristics, like nationality, industry type, and ownership, and to examine the relationship between the foreign companies and the domestic suppliers. To capture these relationships in sufficient depth, the host countries’ locational determinants were analysed, these influenced the choice of FDI. These locational determinants, such as economic and investment policy, market conditions, facility and utility, financial and legal and institutions were developed based on an extensive review of the relevant theoretical and empirical literature. Primary data were collected by means of a survey questionnaire from 74 foreign-owned and joint venture companies and 20 face-to-face interviews with senior managers of these companies, and Libyan government senior officials, in order to gain a more in-depth understanding of their responses and to investigate the difficulties and challenges facing government bodies tasked to improve the Libyan business environment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation was used for unidimensionality conditions. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), chi-square and cross-tabulation tools, then, were applied as statistic tools, while a thematic technique was employed to conduct an interpretative analysis of the interviews. The research found that in the sample, six out of eleven determinant factors were considered as encouraging incentives (economic situation, market conditions, natural resources, tax exemptions, skilled labour and semi-skilled labour), these are needed for FDI in Libya, in line with the literature. The remaining five factors (government regulation, domestic infrastructure, and research development as well as financial, legal and judiciary systems), were found to be discouraging factors. When applying moderators to the model, the result reported that factors encouraging/discouraging FDI were different in all groups. Results also showed that there are many challenges facing Libyan policy-makers aiming to reform the business environment in order to make it more attractive for FDI. In general, foreign companies have developed limited backward linkages with domestic suppliers which need to be improved and made more competitive in order to be of real benefit to local companies. The policy implication of this finding is that for Libya to be a more attractive market for future FDI, urgent and decisive reforms are needed in the issues which inhibited FDI inflows, and the incentives provided should be restricted to and designed for targeted specific FDI only, in order to gain desirable benefits and promote the spillover.
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Pfeffer, Sarah Elisabeth [Verfasser]. "Forward and backward walking: Locomotion and navigation in Cataglyphis fortis / Sarah Elisabeth Pfeffer." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1127743376/34.
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Gonzalo, San Martin. "The cross section and forward backward asymmetry for Z - u + u at ALEPH." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267246.
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Pantuzi, André Valdir [UNESP]. "Desempenho de um algoritmo backward-forward sweep de cálculo de fluxo de potência." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87260.
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Neste trabalho investigou-se o desempenho de um algoritmo de cálculo de fluxo de potência trifásico baseado em um método de varredura chamado backward forward sweep. O estudo desenvolveu-se para sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica radiais e/ou radiais fracamente malhados, sendo que o foco principal foi a avaliação do processo de convergência e exatidão do método de fluxo de potência. Para tal finalidade investigou-se variadas situações de redes, tais como: barras conectadas com linhas longas e linhas curtas, presença de reguladores de tensão, presença de geração distribuída, presença de linhas com representação shunt, sistemas com carregamento leve, carregamento médio e carregamento pesado, desequilíbrio de cargas entre as fases (a, b e c), influência de modelos de cargas (potência constante, admitância constante e corrente constante) etc. O método backward-forward sweep é bem conhecido e discutido na literatura, porém uma análise de desempenho com todos os detalhes de modelos existentes nas redes de distribuição não é encontrada. Encontram-se análises com modelos isolados, ou seja, considerando somente redes fracamente malhadas, ou com barras com tensão controlada, ou com modelos de transformadores etc. Muitos destes estudos apresentaram resultados apenas para redes de pequeno porte, pois na maioria dos casos o objetivo principal era validar os modelos. Neste trabalho buscou-se desenvolver um estudo completo de desempenho e confiabilidade de uma implementação do método backward-forward sweep. Assim foram utilizadas redes de distribuição reais e fictícias encontradas na literatura, com as mais variadas topologias, incluindo ramais monofásicos (MRT), diferentes níveis de carregamento, cargas desequilibradas e diversos modelos de componentes de rede.
At this work an algorithm of calculation on three-phase power flow was investigated based on a sweeping method called backward forward sweep. The study was developed for radial electric power distribution networks and/or weakly interconnected radial ones, and the main focus was the evaluation of the convergence process and accuracy of the method of power flow. For such a purpose it was investigated varied situations of networks, such as: connected bars with long lines and short lines, voltage regulators presence, distributed generation presence, lines with representation shunt, systems with light, medium and heavy loading, unbalanced of loads among the phases (a, b and c) and influence of loads models (constant power, constant current and constant admittance). The method backward-forward sweep is very known and discussed in the literature, however an analysis with all the details of existent models in the distribution networks is not found. They are analyses with isolated models, in other words, considering only networks weakly interconnected, or with bars with controlled voltage, or with models of transformers. Many of these studies presented resulted just for networks of small load, because in most of the cases the main objective was to validate the models. In this work it was looked for to develop a complete study and reliability of an implementation of the method backward-forward sweep. Like this real and fictitious distribution networks were used found in the literature, with the most varied topologies, including monophase extensions (MRT), different loading levels, unbalanced loads and several models of networks components.
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Pantuzi, André Valdir. "Desempenho de um algoritmo backward-forward sweep de cálculo de fluxo de potência /." Ilha Solteira : [s.n], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87260.
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Orientador: Antonio Padilha FeltrinBanca: Sergio Azevedo de Oliveira
Banca: José Aquiles Baesso Grimoni
Resumo: Neste trabalho investigou-se o desempenho de um algoritmo de cálculo de fluxo de potência trifásico baseado em um método de varredura chamado backward forward sweep. O estudo desenvolveu-se para sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica radiais e/ou radiais fracamente malhados, sendo que o foco principal foi a avaliação do processo de convergência e exatidão do método de fluxo de potência. Para tal finalidade investigou-se variadas situações de redes, tais como: barras conectadas com linhas longas e linhas curtas, presença de reguladores de tensão, presença de geração distribuída, presença de linhas com representação shunt, sistemas com carregamento leve, carregamento médio e carregamento pesado, desequilíbrio de cargas entre as fases (a, b e c), influência de modelos de cargas (potência constante, admitância constante e corrente constante) etc. O método backward-forward sweep é bem conhecido e discutido na literatura, porém uma análise de desempenho com todos os detalhes de modelos existentes nas redes de distribuição não é encontrada. Encontram-se análises com modelos isolados, ou seja, considerando somente redes fracamente malhadas, ou com barras com tensão controlada, ou com modelos de transformadores etc. Muitos destes estudos apresentaram resultados apenas para redes de pequeno porte, pois na maioria dos casos o objetivo principal era validar os modelos. Neste trabalho buscou-se desenvolver um estudo completo de desempenho e confiabilidade de uma implementação do método backward-forward sweep. Assim foram utilizadas redes de distribuição reais e fictícias encontradas na literatura, com as mais variadas topologias, incluindo ramais monofásicos (MRT), diferentes níveis de carregamento, cargas desequilibradas e diversos modelos de componentes de rede.
Abstract: At this work an algorithm of calculation on three-phase power flow was investigated based on a sweeping method called backward forward sweep. The study was developed for radial electric power distribution networks and/or weakly interconnected radial ones, and the main focus was the evaluation of the convergence process and accuracy of the method of power flow. For such a purpose it was investigated varied situations of networks, such as: connected bars with long lines and short lines, voltage regulators presence, distributed generation presence, lines with representation shunt, systems with light, medium and heavy loading, unbalanced of loads among the phases (a, b and c) and influence of loads models (constant power, constant current and constant admittance). The method backward-forward sweep is very known and discussed in the literature, however an analysis with all the details of existent models in the distribution networks is not found. They are analyses with isolated models, in other words, considering only networks weakly interconnected, or with bars with controlled voltage, or with models of transformers. Many of these studies presented resulted just for networks of small load, because in most of the cases the main objective was to validate the models. In this work it was looked for to develop a complete study and reliability of an implementation of the method backward-forward sweep. Like this real and fictitious distribution networks were used found in the literature, with the most varied topologies, including monophase extensions (MRT), different loading levels, unbalanced loads and several models of networks components.
Mestre
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Miller, William Leonard. "Comparison of forward and backward scattered light in pre and postsurgical photorefractive keratectomy /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487857546388124.
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Aaltonen, T., V. M. Abazov, B. Abbott, B. S. Acharya, M. Adams, T. Adams, J. P. Agnew, et al. "Combined Forward-Backward Asymmetry Measurements in Top-Antitop Quark Production at the Tevatron." AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627069.
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The CDF and D0 experiments at the Fermilab Tevatron have measured the asymmetry between yields of forward- and backward-produced top and antitop quarks based on their rapidity difference and the asymmetry between their decay leptons. These measurements use the full data sets collected in proton-antiproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s = 1.96 TeV. We report the results of combinations of the inclusive asymmetries and their differential dependencies on relevant kinematic quantities. The combined inclusive asymmetry is A(FB)(t (t) over bar) = 0.128 +/- 0.025. The combined inclusive and differential asymmetries are consistent with recent standard model predictions.
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Nand, Ambrita. "Looking backward, moving forward| The experiences of Indo-Fijian immigrant women in California." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10011672.
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This study helps address gaps in knowledge concerning the lives of Indo-Fijian immigrant women in California and offers a space for their voices to be heard. The subsequent chapters investigate the lives of five Indo-Fijian immigrant women and their experiences upon migrating to Modesto, California. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected through participant-observations, semi-structured in-depth interviews and informal conversations. The data are presented as anthropological silhouettes, a form of life-writing (the recording of events and experiences of a life), which explores each individual woman’s experience with life in Fiji to her eventual migration and transition to life in California. The study reveals heterogeneity amongst the women’s experiences and perspectives as well as commonalities that arise in their collective experiences as Indo-Fijian immigrant women residing in the city of Modesto. Overall, the anthropological silhouettes reveal that migration has led to shifts in the women’s identities and their prescribed gender roles. Furthermore, despite some of the challenges that came with immigrating, the women have experienced social, political and economic mobility since arriving to California. All five women have accepted the United States as their adopted homeland, and as a result, have no plans of re-migrating to Fiji.
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Kulkarni, Sarika Carmichael Gregory R. "Assessment of source-receptor relationships of aerosols an integrated forward and backward modeling approach /." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/392.
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Sprague, Edwin S. "Relationship between forward and backward running speed while wearing a lateral protective knee brace." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/917040.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the McDavid Knee Brace on forward and backward running kinematics and ground reaction forces. The subjects were 10past history of knee problems or any other physical disabilities that could affect their performance. The subjects were unpaid volunteers. Stride length and stride frequency values were determined during forward and backward treadmill run under each experimental condition (with a brace and without a brace). An ANOVA indicated no significant knee brace effect for either forward or backward treadmill running stride length or stride frequency. In the second phase of this study, ground reaction forces were determined for each experimental condition. The ground reaction peak forces under each experimental condition were not significantly different during either forward or backward running. Other statistical analysis of other dependent variables of forward and backward running indicated no significant bracing effect for ankle, knee and hip angular acceleration, angular displacement and angular velocity. Within the limitation of this study it is concluded that the McDavid Knee Brace had no effect on forward or backward running kinematics or ground reaction forces.School of Physical Education
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Cao, Cheng. "Analysis of Concordance and Discordance in Genetic Association Studies via Forward-Backward Scoring Scheme." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595377667847233.
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Kulkarni, Sarika. "Assessment of source-receptor relationships of aerosols: an integrated forward and backward modeling approach." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/392.
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This dissertation presents a scientific framework that facilitates enhanced understanding of aerosol source - receptor (S/R) relationships and their impact on the local, regional and global air quality by employing a complementary suite of modeling methods. The receptor - oriented Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) technique is combined with Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), a trajectory ensemble model, to characterize sources influencing the aerosols measured at Gosan, Korea during spring 2001. It is found that the episodic dust events originating from desert regions in East Asia (EA) that mix with pollution along the transit path, have a significant and pervasive impact on the air quality of Gosan. The intercontinental and hemispheric transport of aerosols is analyzed by a series of emission perturbation simulations with the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM), a regional scale Chemical Transport Model (CTM), evaluated with observations from the 2008 NASA ARCTAS field campaign. This modeling study shows that pollution transport from regions outside North America (NA) contributed ∼ 30 and 20% to NA sulfate and BC surface concentration. This study also identifies aerosols transported from Europe, NA and EA regions as significant contributors to springtime Arctic sulfate and BC. Trajectory ensemble models are combined with source region tagged tracer model output to identify the source regions and possible instances of quasi-lagrangian sampled air masses during the 2006 NASA INTEX-B field campaign. The impact of specific emission sectors from Asia during the INTEX-B period is studied with the STEM model, identifying residential sector as potential target for emission reduction to combat global warming. The output from the STEM model constrained with satellite derived aerosol optical depth and ground based measurements of single scattering albedo via an optimal interpolation assimilation scheme is combined with the PMF technique to characterize the seasonality and regional distribution of aerosols in Asia. This innovative analysis framework that combines the output from source - oriented chemical transport models with receptor models is shown to reduce the uncertainty in aerosol distributions, which in turn leads to better estimates of source - receptor relationships and impact assessments of aerosol radiative forcing and health effects due to air pollution.
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ZHANG, NAN. "FORWARD AND BACKWARD GRATING-ASSISTED DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS IN SILICON FOR WAVELENGTH MULTIPLEXING ADD-DROP APPLICATIONS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1155661792.
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Zhao, Shuang. "FORWARD AND BACKWARD EXTENDED PRONY (FBEP) METHOD WITH APPLICATIONS TO POWER SYSTEM SMALL-SIGNAL STABILITY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1480948469362031.
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Scott, Janine Mary. "Teaching sequences of behaviors to humans by forward chaining, backward chaining, and whole task training." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5614.
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The three most common training methods of teaching sequences of behaviors are forward chaining, backward chaining and whole task training. In chaining methods, training involves gradually teaching the sequence by teaching increasingly longer subsequences until the entire sequence has been learned. In forward chaining, training involves gradually teaching the sequence from the beginning. Backward chaining involves gradually teaching the sequence from the end. Training is continued in this manner until the entire sequence is learned. Whole task training does not involve gradual learning. Instead, on each trial, the sequence is attempted in its entirety. Trials of this kind continue until the sequence is learned. It has been hypothesized that backward chaining is the superior method to teach sequences of behaviors because reinforcement is given at the end of each subsequence (Martin & Pear, 1988; Gilbert, 1962a & b). An example of this reinforcement would be the ball going through the hoop at the end of the sequence of behaviors involved in making a basketball shot. Random chaining consisted of teaching randomly chosen behaviors within the subsequences. Component behaviors were placed next to each other within the subsequence according to sequence order. Random-2 chaining was similar to random chaining except that the component behaviors were taught within the subsequences in the order in which they were selected. The final subsequence is an exception as it is the sequence taught in sequence order. Random-3 chaining was similar to random-2 chaining except component behaviors were selected with replacement. For each subsequence, selection starts fresh and the required number of behaviors are selected out of the eight possible behaviors. Whole task training produced more true errors than each chaining method except random-3 chaining. Random-3 chaining produced more true errors than forward, backward, random and random-2 chaining. No significant differences were found between random-3 chaining and whole task training. The results clearly did not support the hypothesis that backward chaining is superior to other training methods for the sequence of behaviors taught in the experiments. The discussion involves an analysis of the training methods into a number of factors which may influence their effectiveness and some suggestions for future research. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Bondareva, Anna. "Segmentace trhu rodinných domů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77790.
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The main goal of this thesis is to test the possibility of forward and backward segmentation on the single-family housing market, to reveal, describe and develop a profile of segments and to suggest marketing recommendations. Data from primary research is encoded in MS Excel and processed in the statistical analysis program SPSS Statistics 19 for Windows. The output of the thesis reveals three forward segments and three backward segments of the market. Based on certain specifics shown by each of the monitored segments, I suggested numerous marketing recommendations.
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Mjimba, Vuyo. "The nature and determinants of backward linkages in emerging mineral commodity sectors : a case study of gold mining in Tanzania." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.551625.
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In a world in which the routes to industrialisation through import-substituting and labour-intensive manufactures are constrained, this thesis interrogates an alternative industrialisation route; industrialisation through backward linkages into the commodities sector. This is in line with conventional economic wisdom that since the 1950s has argued that diversification from primary commodities through industrialisation can be a route to sustainable economic growth and development. This study interrogates the determinants of industrialisation through backward linkages in a case study of the large-scale gold mining industry of Tanzania, focusing on the exploration and production sub-chains of the industry's value chain. The study findings show three important issues (i) the two sub-chains are dominated by Multinational Corporations, (ii) the exploration sub-chain utilises comparatively more domestic linkages compared to the production sub-chain and, (iii) most importantly, in both sub-chains domestic linkages are marginal. Domestic inputs are limited to simple and low cost supplies such as food and beverages whereas high value inputs are imported, with very limited or no domestic value addition. The study finds that although the marginal domestic linkages can be attributed to the MNCs' practices of utilising long-established relations with foreign goods and services suppliers, Tanzania's capability deficits (infrastructure and human capital) and a weak and sometimes contradictory policy environment significantly contribute to the nature and extent of linkages in the sub-chains. Despite the capability deficits, the government of Tanzania has maintained a 'non- interventionist' policy regime in addressing market deficits that are limiting the development and deepening of domestic linkages into industry. Given that some market deficits cannot be addressed by the private sector, the study concludes that Tanzania could benefit from state intervention that confers systematic efficiency and competitiveness to the domestic manufacturing and services industry; in other words Tanzania and other Sub-Saharan African commodity producers have a case for industrial policy.
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Ndunda, Titus Munyasya [Verfasser]. "Backward Linkages from MNCs and Production Capability Accumulation by Recipient Firms : Comparative Case Study of Kenya and Malaysia / Titus Munyasya Ndunda." Flensburg : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Flensburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226109977/34.
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Dahms, Derick. "Investigating the relevance of selected aspects of integrated reporting in the banking industry / Derick Dahms." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8661.
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The relevance and reliability of annual financial reports as a basis for making decisions about an organisation came in dispute after a series of corporate collapses. Sustainability reports have similarly suffered weaknesses and stakeholders are unable to form a comprehensive picture of an organisation’s performance and its ability to create and sustain value.
Integrated reporting incorporates concise and material information from financial statements and the sustainability report and other sources to enable stakeholders to evaluate the organisation’s performance and to make an informed assessment about its ability to create and sustain value.
The focus of this study was to investigate the opinion of employees as stakeholders of a South African bank and their perception of the relevance of the elements in an integrated report, if they had to assess the ability of an organisation to sustain value in the future.
A literature study was conducted to address the concept of integrated reporting and the integrated report as well as relevant aspects. Based on the literature study, integrated reporting should enable stakeholders to assess the ability of the organisation to create and sustain value over the short-, medium- and long-term. Special attention has been given to the elements to be included in an integrated report as suggested by the IRC SA’s framework and employees as stakeholders of organisations. The latter has been used as basis of the empirical study that was conducted.
The empirical study focused on the opinion of employees regarding the relevance of the eight elements in an integrated report as stakeholders of a South African bank and it was conducted by means of a self-completion questionnaire. The internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by calculating Cronbach alpha coefficients and it had acceptable reliability.
Frequency distributions, mean values and standard deviations were calculated as well as independent t-tests and Anovas to determine the differences between the means of different groups within the selected demographic variables and the constructs. Furthermore, effect size values (d-values) were used to indicate if there were practical significant differences between any demographical variables regarding the constructs and individual questions.
In the final chapter, conclusions were drawn based on the literature and empirical study. It was evident from the empirical study that most of the respondents found the elements to be either moderately or totally relevant to be included in a report, if the ability of an organisation has to be assessed to sustain value in the future. Recommendations were provided on three elements (business model, remuneration policies and analytical commentary) and the report was concluded by recommending possible future research that could be conducted based on this study.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Ludwig, Stephan Ernst [Verfasser], and Willi [Akademischer Betreuer] Jäger. "Optimal portfolio allocation of commodity related assets using a controlled forward-backward algorithm / Stephan Ernst Ludwig ; Betreuer: Willi Jäger." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1177148420/34.
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Collins, William James. "A measurement of the forward-backward asymmetry of e'+e'- -> Z'0 -> bb using electrons at OPAL." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309334.
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Oravcová, Lenka. "Determinanty cien automobilov." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-205901.
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The aim of the thesis Determinants of car prices is to create econometric model for price predictions of new and used cars. The prediction is based on the data provided by website of Slovak retailer of new and used cars. The model should detect statistically significant variables and determine their impact on final price. In the first part of this study, there is theoretical description of automobile industry and factors influencing price of car. The second part is devoted on developing the predictive model, suitable transformation of explanatory variables, interpretation of results and the car price classification in form of decision tree.
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Davies, Julia Ann. "A measurement of the cross-section and forward-backward asymmetry of the #tau# lepton using the DELPHI detector at LEP." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295825.
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Fromm, Alexander [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Imkeller, Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Ankirchner, and Anthony [Akademischer Betreuer] Réveillac. "Theory and applications of decoupling fields for forward-backward stochastic differential equations / Alexander Fromm. Gutachter: Peter Imkeller ; Stefan Ankirchner ; Anthony Réveillac." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1065723083/34.
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Manai, Arij. "Some contributions to backward stochastic differential equations and applications." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1022.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des équations différentielles stochastiques rétrogrades (EDSR) et leurs applications. Dans le chapitre 1, on étudie le problème de maximisation de l'utilité de la richesse terminale où le prix de l'actif peut être discontinue sous des contraintes sur les stratégies de l'agent. Nous nous concentrons sur l'EDSR dont la solution représente l'utilité maximale, ce qui permet de transférer des résultats sur les EDSR quadratiques, en particulier les résultats de stabilité, au problème de maximisation d'utilité. Dans le chapitre 2, nous considèrons le problème de valorisation d'options Américaines des points de vue théorique et numérique en s'appuyant sur la représentation du prix de l'option comme solution de viscosité d'une équation parabolique non linéaire. Nous étendons le résultat prouvé dans [Benth, Karlsen and Reikvam 2003] pour un put ou call Américain à un cas plus général dans un cadre multidimensionnel. Nous proposons deux schémas numériques inspirés par les processus de branchement. Nos expériences numériques montrent que l'approximation du générateur discontinu, associé à l'EDP, par des polynômes locaux n'est pas efficace tandis qu'une simple procédure de randomisation donne de très bon résultats. Dans le chapitre 3, nous prouvons des résultats d'existence et d'unicité pour une classe générale d'équations progressives-rétrogrades à champs moyen sous une condition de monotonicité faible et une hypothèse non-dégénérescence sur l'équation progressive et nous donnons une application dans le domaine de stockage d'énergie dans le cas où la production d'électricité est imprévisibleThis thesis is dedicated to the study of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) and their applications. In chapter 1, we study the problem of maximizing the utility from terminal wealth where the stock price may jump and there are investment constraints on the agent 's strategies. We focus on the BSDE whose solution represents the maximal utility, which allows transferring results on quadratic BSDEs, in particular the stability results, to the problem of utility maximisation. In chapter 2, we consider the problem of pricing American options from theoretical and numerical sides based upon an alternative representation of the value of the option in the form of a viscosity solution of a parabolic equation with a nonlinear reaction term. We extend the viscosity solution characterization proved in [Benth, Karlsen and Reikvam 2003] for call/put American option prices to the case of a general payoff function in a multi-dimensional setting. We address two new numerical schemes inspired by the branching processes. Our numerical experiments show that approximating the discontinuous driver of the associated reaction/diffusion PDE by local polynomials is not efficient, while a simple randomization procedure provides very good results. In chapter 3, we prove existence and uniqueness results for a general class of coupled mean-field forward-backward SDEs with jumps under weak monotonicity conditions and without the non-degeneracy assumption on the forward equation and we give an application in the field of storage in smart grids in the case where the production of electricity is unpredictable
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Nsupila, Maybin. "Orchestrating backward linkages from the extractive sector to other productive value adding sectors : a case study of the mining and the manufacturing industries in Zambia." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20982.
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The quest for natural resource-based industrialisation has continued in many countries, particularly in Sub Sahara Africa. Zambia, a resource rich country, mainly dependent on copper for its exports, has been trying to industrialise with limited success. Recently, there has been renewed emphasis on leveraging the growth recorded in the mining industry to develop other economic sectors. However, the focus of the discourse has mainly been on building effective fiscal linkages. In this thesis, I argue that beyond fiscal linkages, Zambia can develop the local manufacturing industry through backward linkages from mining to manufacturing given the huge manufactured input demand in the mining sector. I investigate factors driving linkage development and establish that government, lead mining companies, local manufacturing firms, private sector associations and donors all have roles to play in the process. While government has the responsibility of putting in place the appropriate policy and regulatory framework to encourage local procurement, as well as create a conducive environment for attracting investment and fostering development of manufacturing firms, lead mining firms could contribute by ensuring they make it easy and provide adequate procurement opportunities to local manufacturing firms. They could also contribute by using part of their profits to implement development activities and corporate social responsibility programmes geared towards building capacities of suppliers to meet their drivers of procurement decisions. Further, local manufacturing firms can play a role by adopting strategies that help them upgrade capabilities to meet the key supply requirements for the mining industry. Associations too can play a significant role. Among other things, the Zambia Chamber of Mines can contribute to this effort by ensuring that a common approach with regard to local procurement is adopted by the mining firms thus making easy for local manufacturers to do business with the mines. The Zambia Association of Manufacturers can play the role of policy advocacy, coordinate the response and engagement from the manufacturers as well as stage activities that facilitate the building of business relations with mining firms. Donors can work with government in improving the policy environment, support local companies' capacity upgrading efforts as well as work with associations in their advocacy and other activities geared towards increasing valued-added local procurement.
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Carpentier, Florence. "Modélisations de la dispersion du pollen et estimation à partir de marqueurs génétiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20101.
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La dispersion du pollen est une composante majeure des flux de gènes chez les plantes, contribuant à la diversité génétique et à sa structure spatiale. Son étude à l'échelle d'un épisode de reproduction permet de comprendre l'impact des changements actuels (fragmentation, anthropisation....) et de proposer des politiques de conservation. Deux types de méthodes basées sur les marqueurs microsatellites estiment la fonction de dispersion du pollen: (i) les méthodes directes (e.g. mating model) basées sur l'assignation de paternité et nécessitant un échantillonnage exhaustif (position et génotype des individus du site étudié, génotypes de graines échantillonnées sur des mères); (ii) les méthodes indirectes (e.g. TwoGener), nécessitant un échantillonnage réduit (génotypes des graines, génotypes et positions des mères) et résumant les données en indices génétiques. Nous proposons la formalisation statistique de ces deux types de méthodes et montrons qu'elles utilisent des fonctions de dispersion différentes: les méthodes directes estiment une fonction forward potentielle (déplacement du pollen depuis le père), les méthodes indirectes une fonction backward intégrative (de la fécondation jusqu'à l'existence du père). Nous explicitons le lien entre fonctions backward et forward, des hypothèses menant à leur équivalence, et des contraintes affectant les fonctions backward. Nous développons enfin une méthode de calcul bayésien approché qui permet (i) une estimation forward, (ii) avec des intervalles de crédibilité, (iii) à partir d'un jeu de données non exhaustif et d'informations partielles (e.g. positions sans génotype) et (iv) l'utilisation de différents modèles de dispersionPollen dispersal is a major component of gene flow in plants. It determines to genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure.Studying it at the scale of a single reproduction event enables to understand the impact of current changes (fragmentation, anthropization ...) and to propose conservation practices.Two types of methods, based on microsatellite markers, estimate pollen dispersal functions : (i) direct methods (e.g. mating model) based on paternity assignment require exhaustif sampling (position and genotype of individuals in the study plot, genotypes of seeds harvested on mothers); (ii) indirect methods (e.g. TwoGener), require a weaker sampling (seeds genotypes, genotypes and positions of their mothers) and summarize data through genetic indices.We propose a statistical formalization of both types of methods and show that they rely on different dispersal functions : the direct methods estimate a potential forward function (pollen transfer from the father), whereas the indirect methods estimate an integrative backward one (from fecondation to father existence). We exhibit the link between forward and backward functions, assumptions leading to their equivalence and constrains affecting the backward functions.Finally, we develop an Approximate Bayesian Computation method, which enable (i) a forward estimation, (ii) with credibility intervals, (iii) from a non exhaustive dataset and partial information (e.g. positions without genotypes) and (iv) the use of different dispersal models