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Journal articles on the topic 'Forward gain'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Hurding, Roger. "Healing today: a forward gain?" Contact 133, no. 1 (January 2000): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13520806.2000.11758899.

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2

Xie, Ya-Ming, Wei Tan, and Zhi-Guo Wang. "Anomalous forward scattering of dielectric gain nanoparticles." Optics Express 23, no. 3 (January 27, 2015): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.002091.

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3

Shahraki, Hamed, Ahmad Hakimi, Kambiz Afrooz, and Mohammad Mahdi Pezhman. "High gain dual-band distributed amplifier using new composite right/left-handed transmission line." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2018): 1118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078718001265.

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AbstractIn this paper, a high-gain dual-band distributed amplifier (DBDA) based on the metamaterial transmission line (TL) is proposed. To have two separate frequency bands in the distributed amplifiers, the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) TLs are used instead of conventional TLs. Although both forward and reverse gains of the distributed amplifiers are available in this case, they suffer from their low gains. In this paper, to increase the DBDA power gain, a new circuit architecture for the CRLH TL is introduced. By using the proposed CRLH TL, a lower wave attenuation coefficient at the forward band of the DBDA is achieved than the conventional structures, which causes a higher forward power gain. Simulation results also show that the power gain of the proposed DBDA is about 28.5 dB at the desired frequency bands, and good agreement between the measurement and simulation results confirms the accuracy of the design method.
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4

Carradice, Duncan. "Using forward genetics to gain new insights into haematopoiesis." Pathology 42 (2010): S31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01268031-201042001-00064.

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5

Carradice, Duncan. "Using forward genetics to gain new insights into haematopoiesis." Pathology 42 (2010): S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01268031-201042001-00073.

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6

Burg, Avraham. "The Way Forward." Journal of Palestine Studies 44, no. 4 (2015): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2015.44.4.48.

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This article argues for an unorthodox reading of Israel's current political situation. Rather than examine the immediate results of the March 2015 elections, it lays out the ramifications of the country's current predicament in light of the complex relations between the Jewish majority and Palestinian Arab minority. The author contends that despite the seeming stranglehold that extremist nationalism exerts on the political process, there is true potential for Palestinian citizens of Israel (PCI) to gain full and equal citizenship, on a par with that of their Jewish counterparts. He argues further that the PCI may be poised to lead the Palestinian national movement in advancing a political resolution to the conflict with Israel.
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7

Ren, Zhijie, Jasper Goseling, Jos H. Weber, and Michael Gastpar. "Maximum Throughput Gain of Compute-and-Forward for Multiple Unicast." IEEE Communications Letters 18, no. 7 (July 2014): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2014.2323242.

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8

Song, Youngpil, Hyundong Shin, and Een-Kee Hong. "MIMO Cooperative Diversity with Scalar-Gain Amplify-and-Forward Relaying." IEEE Transactions on Communications 57, no. 7 (July 2009): 1932–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2009.07.070099.

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9

Sun, C. J., T. A. Grotjohn, C. J. Huang, D. K. Reinhard, and C. C. W. Yu. "Forward-bias stress effects on BJT gain and noise characteristics." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 41, no. 5 (May 1994): 787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.285032.

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10

Giacomini, Julian, Pablo Costa, António Andrade, Luciano Schuch, and Mário Martins. "Development Of A Boost-forward Dc-dc Converter For High-voltage Gain Applications." Eletrônica de Potência 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2017.2.2675.

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11

Shen, Fei, Ning An, Yifei Tao, Hongping Zhou, Zhaoneng Jiang, and Zhongyi Guo. "Anomalous forward scattering of gain-assisted dielectric shell-coated metallic core spherical particles." Nanophotonics 6, no. 5 (December 9, 2016): 1063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0141.

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AbstractWe have investigated the scattering properties of an individual core-shell nanoparticle using the Mie theory, which can be tuned to support both electric and magnetic modes simultaneously. In general, the suppression of forward scattering can be realized by the second Kerker condition. Here, a novel mechanism has to be adopted to explain zero-forward scattering, which originates from the complex interactions between dipolar and quadrupolar modes. However, for lossy and lossless core-shell spherical nanoparticles, zero-forward scattering can never be achieved because the real parts of Mie expansion coefficients are always positive. By adding proper gain in dielectric shell, zero-forward scattering can be found at certain incident wavelengths, which means that all electric and magnetic responses in Mie scattering can be counteracted totally in the forward direction. In addition, if the absolute values of dipolar and quadrupolar terms are in the same order of magnitude, the local scattering minimum and maximum can be produced away from the forward and backward directions due to the interacting effect between the dipolar and quadrupolar terms. Furthermore, by adding suitable gain in shell, super-forward scattering can also be realized at certain incident wavelengths. We also demonstrated that anomalously weak scattering or superscattering could be obtained for the core-shell nanoparticles with suitable gain in shell. In particular, for such a choice of suitable gain in shell, we can obtain zero-forward scattering and anomalously weak scattering at the same wavelength as well as super-forward scattering at another wavelength. These features may provide new opportunities for cloaking, plasmonic lasers, optical antennas, and so on.
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12

Mousa, M. E., M. A. Ebrahim, and M. A. Moustafa Hassan. "Stabilizing and Swinging-Up the Inverted Pendulum Using PI and PID Controllers Based on Reduced Linear Quadratic Regulator Tuned by PSO." International Journal of System Dynamics Applications 4, no. 4 (October 2015): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsda.2015100104.

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The inherited instabilities in the Inverted Pendulum (IP) system make it one of the most difficult nonlinear problems in the control theory. In this research work, Proportional –Integral and Derivative (PID) Controller with a feed forward gain is used with Reduced Linear Quadratic Regulator (RLQR) for stabilizing the Cart Position and Swinging-up the Pendulum angle. Tuning the Controllers' gains is achieved by using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Technique. Obtaining the combined PID controllers' gains with a feed forward gain and RLQR is a multi-dimensions control problem. The Proposed Controllers give minimum Settling Time, Rise Time, Undershoot and Over shoot for both the Cart Position and the Pendulum angle. A disturbance with different amplitudes is applied to the system, and the results showed the robustness of the systems based on the tuned controllers. The overall results are promising.
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13

Chakraborty, Avik. "LEARNING, THE FORWARD PREMIUM PUZZLE, AND MARKET EFFICIENCY." Macroeconomic Dynamics 13, S1 (May 2009): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100509080109.

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The Forward Premium Puzzle is widely considered to indicate inefficiency in the foreign exchange market. This paper proposes a resolution of the puzzle using recursive least squares learning. Risk-neutral agents learn the unknown parameters, underlying the exchange rate generation process, using constant-gain recursive least squares. Simulations using plausible model parameter values replicate the anomaly along with other observed empirical features of the forward and spot exchange rate data. Estimates of parameter values from data support the model assumptions and justify the use of constant-gain learning. The conclusion is that the puzzle is not necessarily a reflection of inefficiency.
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14

HA, Dac-Binh, Vo Nguyen Quoc BAO, Xuan-Nam TRAN, and Tuong-Duy NGUYEN. "Cognitive Fixed-Gain Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks under Interference Constraints." IEICE Transactions on Communications E96.B, no. 1 (2013): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e96.b.375.

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15

Laguarta, F., G. Merkle, J. Heppner, R. Corbalán, and R. Vilaseca. "Standing-Wave Forward-Backward Gain Asymmetry in Optically Pumped Gas Lasers." Physical Review Letters 57, no. 7 (August 18, 1986): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.57.831.

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16

Zhang, Zongsheng, Qihui Wu, and Jinlong Wang. "ARQ Protocols in Cognitive Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks: Opportunities Gain." Radioengineering 24, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/re.2015.0296.

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17

Min Dong, M. Hajiaghayi, and B. Liang. "Optimal Fixed Gain Linear Processing for Amplify-and-Forward Multichannel Relaying." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 60, no. 11 (November 2012): 6108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2012.2210711.

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18

Dey, Utpal, Souvik Agasti, and Jan Hesselbarth. "High-Gain Dielectric Endfire Antenna by Forward Scattering of Dielectric Spheres." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 19, no. 12 (December 2020): 2310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2020.3031015.

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19

Vien, N. H., and H. H. Nguyen. "Performance Analysis of Fixed-Gain Amplify-and-Forward Relaying With MRC." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 59, no. 3 (March 2010): 1544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2010.2040755.

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20

Conforti, E., C. M. Gallep, S. H. Ho, A. C. Bordonalli, and Sung-Mo Kang. "Carrier reuse with gain compression and feed-forward semiconductor optical amplifiers." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 50, no. 1 (2002): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.981250.

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21

Engstrom, Stephen M., and Ryan M. Nunley. "Gain sharing in bundled payment TJA: Is it the way forward?" Seminars in Arthroplasty 29, no. 1 (March 2018): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.sart.2018.04.007.

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22

CHEN, ZHIQIANG, JIPING NING, and QUN HAN. "INFLUENCE OF PUMP DIRECTION IN ALL-OPTICAL GAIN-CLAMPED FIBER RAMAN AMPLIFIER." Modern Physics Letters B 21, no. 20 (August 30, 2007): 1307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984907013596.

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The influence of pump direction in all-optical gain-clamped fiber Raman amplifier using the directional couplers in feedback loop is demonstrated. The isolator direction decided the lasing direction in feedback loop. The comparison of performance in two lasing directions for both schemes is shown. It is concluded that the forward pumping configuration with forward lasing has better gain clamping performance and noise performance.
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23

Krishnaswami, Sumi, Anant K. Agarwal, Craig Capell, Jim Richmond, Sei Hyung Ryu, John W. Palmour, S. Balachandran, et al. "1000 V, 30 A SiC Bipolar Junction Transistors and Integrated Darlington Pairs." Materials Science Forum 483-485 (May 2005): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.483-485.901.

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1000 V Bipolar Junction Transistor and integrated Darlington pairs with high current gain have been developed in 4H-SiC. The 3.38 mm x 3.38 mm BJT devices with an active area of 3 mm x 3 mm showed a forward on-current of 30 A, which corresponds to a current density of 333 A/cm2, at a forward voltage drop of 2 V. A common-emitter current gain of 40 was measured on these devices. A specific on-resistance of 6.0 mW-cm2 was observed at room temperature. The onresistance increases at higher temperatures, while the current gain decreases to 30 at 275°C. In addition, an integrated Darlington pair with an active area of 3 mm x 3 mm showed a collector current of 30 A at a forward drop of 4 V at room temperature. A current gain of 2400 was measured on these devices. A BVCEO of 1000 V was measured on both of these devices.
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24

Bouzerara, Lyes, Tahar Belaroussi, and Boualem Amirouche. "Low-voltage, low-power and high gain cmosota using active positive feedback with feed forward and FDCM techniques." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 15, no. 1 (2002): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0201093b.

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A low voltage, high dc gain and wideband load compensated cas code operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), using an active positive feedback with feed forward technique and frequency-dependent current mirrors (FDCM), is presented and analyzed. Such techniques stand as a powerful method of gain bandwidth and phase margin enhancements. In this paper, a frequency-dependent current mirror, whose input impedance increases with frequency, is used to form the feed forward path at the input of the current mirror with a feed forward capacitor. By using these techniques, the gain bandwidth product of the amplifier is improved from 115 MHz to 194 MHz, the phase margin is also improved from 85? to 95? and the gain is enhanced from 11 dB to 93 dB. This amplifier operates at 2.5 V power supply voltage drives a capacitive load of 1pF and gives a power dissipation of 7 mW. The predicted performance is verified by simulations using HSPICE tool with 0.8 fim CMOS AMS parameters.
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25

Sharma, Ayushi. "COVID-19: Positive Impacts and Way Forward." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i2.1878.

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BACKGROUND COVID-19 or coronavirus disease 2019 has penetrated all across the world. There are some positive connotations which needs to be analyzed in order gain some insight. SUMMARY COVID-19 is a dreaded disease outbreak turned pandemic of the century which have huge negative impact on the lifestyle of the human population. The devastation that caused by the disease outbreak is tremendous and may take years to heal. But there is other side of the story. Many unexpected effects were seen after mitigation measures were enforced. The effects that we experience would have taken years if such drastic measures were not undertaken. From cleaner environment to reduction in traffic accidents, from positive behavioral changes to accelerated science and technology actions there are many positives which are attached to COVID-19 effects. CONCLUSION Although these measures cannot be continued for long term another sustainable strategy and policies are needed in order to maintain the gains that we got unexpectedly. More study needs to be done in order to plan about how these effects can be sustained.
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26

Supin, Alexander Ya, Paul E. Nachtigall, and Marlee Breese. "Forward-masking based gain control in odontocete biosonar: An evoked-potential study." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2432–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3089589.

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27

Sainath, B., and N. B. Mehta. "Generalizing the Amplify-and-Forward Relay Gain Model: An Optimal SEP Perspective." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 11, no. 11 (November 2012): 4118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2012.092112.120211.

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28

Maletić, N., M. Čabarkapa, and N. Nešković. "Performance of fixed-gain amplify-and-forward nonlinear relaying with hardware impairments." International Journal of Communication Systems 30, no. 6 (December 22, 2015): e3102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dac.3102.

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29

Vad, János, Gábor Halász, and Tamás Benedek. "Efficiency gain of low-speed axial flow rotors due to forward sweep." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 229, no. 1 (October 6, 2014): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650914552817.

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30

Darlow, Brian A., and Gil Binenbaum. "Oxygen, weight gain, IGF-1 and ROP: not a straight-forward equation." Acta Paediatrica 107, no. 5 (October 30, 2017): 732–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.14114.

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31

Wang, Kang, Ming Cheng, Haotian Shi, Linfeng Yu, Chukun Huang, Senbiao Qin, Yi Zhang, Li Kai, and Junqiang Sun. "Demonstration of Forward Brillouin Gain in a Hybrid Photonic–Phononic Silicon Waveguide." ACS Photonics 8, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 2755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00880.

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32

Assaad, Rida, and Jose Silva-Martinez. "Recent Advances on the Design of High-Gain Wideband Operational Transconductance Amplifiers." VLSI Design 2009 (July 28, 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/323595.

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Feed-forward techniques are explored for the design of high-frequency Operational Transconductance Amplifiers (OTAs). For single-stage amplifiers, a recycling folded-cascode OTA presents twice the GBW (197.2 MHz versus 106.3 MHz) and more than twice the slew rate (231.1 V/s versus 99.3 V/s) as a conventional folded cascode OTA for the same load, power consumption, and transistor dimensions. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of the recycling folded-cascode is equivalent to that of a telescopic OTA. As for multistage amplifiers, a No-Capacitor Feed-Forward (NCFF) compensation scheme which uses a high-frequency pole-zero doublet to obtain greater than 90 dB DC gain, GBW of 325 MHz and better than phase margin is discussed. The settling-time- of the NCFF topology can be faster than that of OTAs with Miller compensation. Experimental results for the recycling folded-cascode OTA fabricated in TSMC 0.18 m CMOS, and results of the NCFF demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the feed-forward schemes.
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33

Ma, Liang Shun, Kuang Rong Hao, and Yong Sheng Ding. "Forward Kinematics of Six-DOF Parallel Robot Based on Adaptive Differential Evolution." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 1674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.1674.

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Parallel robot inverse kinematics solution is relatively easier to obtain than forward kinematics forward, this paper assumes that the forward kinematics of six-DOF parallel robot is given then using the kinematics inverse solution to approximate the forward solution. To improve efficiency and stability of the approximation, an adaptive parameters differential evolution algorithm is proposed and applied to the forward kinematics problem. The experimental results show that the modified algorithm can gain the forward kinematics of parallel robot efficiently.
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34

Marchand, R., R. Fedosejevs, and I. V. Tomov. "Quenching of the forward Stokes by phase matching." Canadian Journal of Physics 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p86-135.

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Quenching of the forward Stokes by phase matching in a Raman-active medium is revisited. A parameter range is identified where the small signal gain of the forward Stokes is a decreasing function of the pump intensity. The relevance of this effect to the reduction of the troublesome second Stokes in a Raman laser-pulse compressor is also discussed.
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35

DIMYATI, K., S. W. HARUN, S. Z. MUHD-YASSIN, M. K. ABD-RAHMAN, and H. AHMAD. "COMPACT AND EFFICIENT Er–Yb-DOPED FIBER AMPLIFIER." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 17, no. 02 (June 2008): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863508004111.

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A compact and efficient optical amplifier is demonstrated using an erbium–ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (EYDFA) with a double-pass configuration. It uses only 3 m of doped fiber with 20 mW pump power. This forward-pumped amplifier achieves a maximum low signal gain of 37 dB and a corresponding noise figure of 5.5 dB. Compared with the backward-pumping double-pass EYDFA, the gain obtained is 7 dB higher, with a lower noise figure of 5.5 dB. In addition, the gain obtained in this study is 17 dB higher than that of a conventional forward-pumping single-pass amplifier, while its noise figure is only 0.5 dB higher. These results show that the forward-pumped double-pass design holds great promise in the development of practical and cost-efficient optical amplifiers which can be pumped by using LEDs or low cost laser diodes.
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36

Ding, Haiyang, Jianhua Ge, Daniel Benevides da Costa, and Zhuoqin Jiang. "Diversity and Coding Gains of Fixed-Gain Amplify-and-Forward with Partial Relay Selection in Nakagami-m Fading." IEEE Communications Letters 14, no. 8 (August 2010): 734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2010.08.100530.

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37

Stanko, Brian B., Thomas L. Zeller, and Matthew F. Melena. "Human Asset Accounting And Measurement: Moving Forward." Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) 12, no. 2 (March 29, 2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jber.v12i2.8522.

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Changes in the accounting profession and in the way organizations are managed and operated over the past several decades have led to the identification of a new factor that makes up a substantial part of the value of an organization: human capital. The value that employees add to organizations, however, has been difficult to measure because of the many elements that comprise it and aspects of human nature and free will that are involved. Many models have been proposed to capture the value that organizations gain from employees, but none have succeeded in full. Additionally, strict financial reporting regulations would require an accurate and uniform method of accounting for human capital in order to give much relevance to the data collected. Despite its complex nature, the field of human asset accounting continues to gain momentum and is headed in the right direction. The development of a universal method of accounting for human capital would provide a much more exact valuation of organizations and have deep benefits for owners, managers, investors, accountants, and human resource employees. This paper examines the history of human asset accounting and its feasibility in current financial reporting environments. Additionally, it demonstrates the importance of human asset accounting, different approaches toward human asset accounting, and how beneficial an accurate method could prove to be in financial reporting. Finally, the paper recommends that, as a precursor to measurement, the development of general quantitative and qualitative human capital disclosures, with real company examples, be included in a companys sustainability reporting.
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38

Chen, Min-Shin, and Chung-yao Kao. "Control of Linear Time-Varying Systems Using Forward Riccati Equation." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2801290.

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This paper presents a new state feedback control design for linear time-varying systems. In conventional control designs such as the LQ optimal control, the state feedback gain is calculated off-line by solving a Differential Riccati Equation (DRE) backwards with the boundary condition set at some future time. The apparent disad-vantage of using a backward DRE is that future information of the system matrices is required to find the state feedback gain at every time instant. In this paper, an inversion state transformation is applied to the system so that the DRE associated with the transformed system becomes forward in the sense that its boundary condition is set at the initial time of operation (t = t0). As a result, the forward DRE can be calculated on-line without using future information of the system matrices.
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39

Xiang Zhou, M. Feuer, and M. Birk. "A simple feed-forward control algorithm for fast dynamic gain profile control in a multiwavelength forward-pumped Raman fiber amplifier." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 18, no. 9 (May 2006): 1004–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2006.873555.

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40

Wang, Jian-feng, ZhangZai-xuan, Bi-zhi Dai, Chen-xia Li, and Kim Insoo S. "Threshold level and gain of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering in a forward pumped s-band discrete DCF fibers Raman amplifier." Optoelectronics Letters 2, no. 3 (May 2006): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03033545.

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41

Dong, Wei, and Elizabeth S. Olson. "Middle Ear Forward and Reverse Transmission in Gerbil." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 5 (May 2006): 2951–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01214.2005.

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The middle ear transmits environmental sound to the inner ear. It also transmits acoustic energy sourced within the inner ear out to the ear canal, where it can be detected with a sensitive microphone as an otoacoustic emission. Otoacoustic emissions are an important noninvasive measure of the condition of sensory hair cells and to use them most effectively one must know how they are shaped by the middle ear. In this contribution, forward and reverse transmissions through the middle ear were studied by simultaneously measuring intracochlear pressure in scala vestibuli near the stapes and ear canal pressure. Measurements were made in gerbil, in vivo, with acoustic two-tone stimuli. The forward transmission pressure gain was about 20–25 dB, with a phase–frequency relationship that could be fit by a straight line, and was thus characteristic of a delay, over a wide frequency range. The forward delay was about 32 μs. The reverse transmission pressure loss was on average about 35 dB, and the phase–frequency relationship was again delaylike with a delay of about 38 μs. Therefore to a first approximation the middle ear operates similarly in the forward and reverse directions. The observation that the amount of pressure reduction in reverse transmission was greater than the amount of pressure gain in forward transmission suggests that complex motions of the tympanic membrane and ossicles affect reverse more than forward transmission.
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42

Cheng, Wei Jun. "Dual-Hop Amplify-and-Forward Variable Gain Relaying over Mixture Gamma Fading Channels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.767.

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In this paper, we present the end-to-end performance of a dual-hop amplify-and-forward variablegain relaying system over Mixture Gamma distribution. Novel closed-form expressions for the probability density function and the moment-generation function of the end-to-end Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are derived. Moreover, the average symbol error rate, the average SNR and the average capacity are found based on the above new expressions, respectively. These expressions are more simple and accuracy than the previous ones obtained by using generalized-K (KG) distribution. Finally, numerical and simulation results are shown to verify the accuracy of the analytical results.
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43

Jennings, Skyler G., Elizabeth A. Strickland, and Michael G. Heinz. "Precursor effects on behavioral estimates of frequency selectivity and gain in forward masking." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3081383.

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44

Farhadi, Golnaz, and Norman Beaulieu. "On the performance of amplify-and-forward cooperative systems with fixed gain relays." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 7, no. 5 (May 2008): 1851–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2008.070688.

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45

Zhang, Xiao Juan, and Yi Gong. "On the Diversity Gain in Dynamic Decode-and-Forward Channels with Imperfect CSIT." IEEE Transactions on Communications 59, no. 1 (January 2011): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2010.110910.090207.

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46

Lee, Jung-Hwan. "Effect of forward common emitter current gain on emitter area in NPN transistors." Journal of the Korea Industrial Information Systems Research 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9723/jksiis.2014.19.2.037.

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47

Tran, Thanh-Nam, and Miroslav Voznak. "HD/FD and DF/AF with Fixed-Gain or Variable-Gain Protocol Switching Mechanism over Cooperative NOMA for Green-Wireless Networks." Sensors 19, no. 8 (April 18, 2019): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19081845.

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This article studied the application of multiple protocol switching mechanism (PSM) over cooperating Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) networks to minimize the probability of outage and maximize the system throughput and energy efficiency (EE). This study investigated six scenarios: (1) a cooperative NOMA system with half-duplex (HD) and decode-and-forward (DF) protocols at the relay; (2) a cooperative NOMA system with full-duplex (FD) and DF protocols at the relay; (3) a cooperative NOMA system with HD and amplification amplify-and-forward (AF) with fixed-gain (FG) protocols at the relay; (4) a cooperative NOMA system with HD and amplification AF with variable-gain (VG) protocols at the relay; (5) a cooperative NOMA system with FD and amplification AF with FG protocols at the relay; (6) a cooperative NOMA system with FD and amplification AF with VG protocols at the relay. Based on the results of analysis and simulations, the study determined the transmission scenario for best system performance. This paper also proposed a mechanism to switch between HD/FD and DF/AF with FG/VG protocols in order to improve the quality of service (QoS) for users with a weak conditional channel. This mechanism can be deployed in future 5G wireless network sensors. Finally, EE was also assessed in relation to future green-wireless networks (G-WNs).
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48

Straube, Andreas, Albert F. Fuchs, Susan Usher, and Farrel R. Robinson. "Characteristics of Saccadic Gain Adaptation in Rhesus Macaques." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 874–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.2.874.

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Straube, Andreas, Albert F. Fuchs, Susan Usher, and Farrel R. Robinson. Characteristics of saccadic gain adaptation in rhesus macaques. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 874–895, 1997. We adapted the saccadic gain (saccadic amplitude/target step amplitude) by requiring monkeys to track a small spot that stepped to one side by 5, 10, or 15° and then, during the initial targeting saccade, jumped either forward or backward by a fixed percentage of the initial step. Saccadic gain increased or decreased, respectively, as a function of the number of adapting saccades made in that direction. The relation between gain and the number of adapting saccades was fit with an exponential function, yielding an asymptotic gain and a rate constant (the number of saccades to achieve 63% of the total change in gain). Backward intrasaccadic target jumps of 15, 30, and 50% of the initial target step reduced the asymptotic gain by an average of 12.2, 23.1, and 36.4%, respectively, with average rate constants of 163, 368, and 827 saccades, respectively. During 50% backward jumps, some saccades, especially those to larger target steps, became slower and lasted longer. Forward intrasaccadic jumps of 30% increased the asymptotic gain by 23.3% (average rate constant of 1,178 saccades). After we had caused adaptation, we induced recovery of gain toward normal by requiring the animal to track target steps without intrasaccadic jumps. Recovery following forward adaptation required about one third fewer saccades than the preceding gain increase. Recovery following backward adaptation required about the same average number of saccades as the preceding gain decrease. The first saccades of recovery were slightly less adapted than the last saccades of adaptation, suggesting that a small part of adaptation might have been strategic. After 50% backward jumps had reduced saccadic gain, the hypometric primary saccades during recovery were followed by hypometric corrective saccades, suggesting that they too had been adapted. When saccades of only one size underwent gain reduction, saccades to target steps of other amplitudes showed much less adaptation. Also, saccades in the direction opposite to that adapted were not adapted. Gain reductions endured if an adapted animal was placed in complete darkness for 20 h. These data indicate that saccadic gain adaptation is relatively specific to the adapted step and does not produce parametric changes of all saccades. Furthermore, adaptation is not a strategy, but involves enduring neuronal reorganization in the brain. We suggest that this paradigm engages mechanisms that determine saccadic gain in real life and therefore offers a reversible means to study their neuronal substrate.
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49

Masory, O. "Improving Contouring Accuracy of NC/CNC Systems With Additional Velocity Feed Forward Loop." Journal of Engineering for Industry 108, no. 3 (August 1, 1986): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187068.

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One of the factors which affects the contouring accuracy of multi-axis NC/CNC contouring systems is axes mismatch which means that the time constants and the open-loop gains of the machine servo drives are not identical. In conventional NC/CNC system each axis is separately controlled by a closed-loop velocity controller. Therefore, a position-following error which is a function of the open-loop gain and the time constant, is generated. Since the values of these parameters are different for each axis, a contouring error is produced. By adding a velocity feed forward loop to this controller, the position-following error can be reduced, or even eliminated, and consequently the contouring error is reduced.
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Si, Dong Sen, Xiao Xu Wang, and Chen Chen. "Gain Adjustable Intelligent Tracking Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 2602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2602.

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Puts forward a Gain Adjustable Fast Intelligent Tracking (GAFIT) algorithm, and realize quick and accurate location of the goal, when the detection signal is weaker. According to the size, location and output signal of the goal in four quadrant detector, the linear probe interval is determined in the four quadrant detector. On this interval, a liner relation can be get between the spot position and the corresponding output signal. The target quick location is realized with this relation. On the other hand, the sum signal of the four quadrant detector is sampled in real-time, this sum is related to the sensor’s signal strength, then the change rate of the signal strength can be get, using adaptive learning ways to get the change trend of signal strength, and realized dynamic adjustment of the signal gain, in order to improve the signal resolution ratio when signal is weak, the tracking accuracy can be improved with this way. The experimental data show that GAIFT algorithm can rapidly locate position in the linear interval and accurately track through the dynamic change signal gain for the weaker signal. tracking precision can be improved to 0.018 degrees
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