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Journal articles on the topic "Fosfotransferases"
Macri-Colucci, Alberto, and Tania Alejandra Barba-Calvillo. "hidrola Enfermedad de células I de Leroy o mucolipidosis tipo II." Lux Médica 7, no. 21 (May 31, 2012): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33064/21lm20121536.
Full textAcosta-García, Gerardo, Miguel Ángel Pantoja-Hernández, Claudia Ivonne Muñoz-Sánchez, Cristina Pérez-Pérez, Ramón Gerardo Guevara-González, Irineo Torres-Pacheco, Felipe Delgadillo-Sánchez, Mario Martín González-Chavira, and Lorenzo Guevara-Olvera. "Transformación del hongo fitopatógeno Sclerotium cepivorum Berk empleando fusión de protoplastos." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 3, no. 7 (June 19, 2018): 1333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v3i7.1341.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Fosfotransferases"
Cury, Gabriela Kampf. "Identificação de mutações no gene GNPTAB em pacientes brasileiros com mucolipidose II e III." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28699.
Full textIntroduction: Mucolipidosis II and III (MLII and MLIII) are rare lysosomal diseases caused by a deficiency of GlcNac-1-phosphotransferase (phosphotransferase), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of marker M6P, which directs several lysosomal enzymes to the lysosome. Phosphotransferase is codified by the GNPTAB and the GNPTG genes. The GNPTAB gene codifies subunits and of the enzyme; mutations in this gene cause both MLII, the most severe form, and MLIII, the most attenuated form of the disease. The GNPTG gene codifies subunit ; mutations in this gene cause MLIII. Objectives: To identify mutations in the GNPTAB gene that are present in Brazilian patients with MLII and MLIII. Methodology: Patients with a biochemical diagnosis of ML II/III were identified at the Reference Laboratory of Inborn Errors of Metabolism of HCPA, Brazil, from 1983 to 2009. Thirteen unrelated patients (MLII: 6, MLIII: 5, undefined ML: 2), born to nonconsanguineous couples and from several regions of Brazil were included in the study. Clinical information was obtained from the database of the LREIM-HCPA, and the type of ML and height of patients were obtained with the assistant physician. Peripheral blood samples were collected for extraction of genomic DNA. The 21 exons that comprise the GNPTAB gene and their respective flanking regions were amplified from the specific sequences of primers designed for this study. The sequence of the GNPTAB gene used as reference for sequencing was GenBank NM_024312.3. Results: As a result of the strategy used, it was possible to identify both pathogenic mutations in 6/13 patients and only one pathogenic mutation in five patients. In two patients, both with MLIII, no pathogenic mutations were identified. At least one non-pathogenic variant was found in all patients, and the most frequently found was c.-41-39delGGC (16/26 alleles). Mutation c.3503_3504delTC (p.L1168QfsX5) was the most frequently found pathogenic mutation in the sample studied (n= 7/26 alleles). As to codifying and noncodifying regions, four novel mutations are being described herein: c.2269_2273delGAAAC (exon 13), c.2808A>G (exon 14), c.323+20delT (intron 3), and c.365+96_97delGT (intron 4). Nonsense mutations and frameshift mutations seem to be related to the severe phenotype, while inverse mutations are related to the attenuated phenotype. Discussion/Conclusions: This is the first study of its kind conducted in Brazilian patients with ML II/III. As it is described in patients of other populations, the GNPTAB gene presented great allelic heterogeneity, and the most frequently found pathogenic mutation was c.3503_3504delTC. Thus, we suggest the DNA analysis of Brazilian patients with MLII/III to be initiated by testing this mutation. As the strategy applied herein detected 17/26 of the pathogenic alleles, new analyses should be conducted for the patients who present a partial or unestablished genotype, including the analysis of the GNPTG gene. Key words: GNPTAB. Mucolipidosis. Lysosomal Disease. M6P. I-cell Disease. Pseudo-Hurler Polydystrophy.
Moraes, Maria Carolina Strano [UNIFESP]. "TbeIF2K2, uma nova quinase de eIF2alfa associada a membrana da bolsa flagelar do trypanosoma brucei." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2007. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/23620.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O controle traducional mediado pela fosforilacao da subunidade alfa do fator de inicio de traducao 2 (eIF2a) e um ponto central para programas de expressao genica induzidos por estresse. Tripanossomatideos, importantes patogenos humanos, apresentam processos de diferenciacao desencadeados pelo contato com os distintos ambientes encontrados em seus insetos vetores e hospedeiros mamiferos, provavelmente representando situacoes de estresse. Trypanosoma brucei, o agente causador da tripanossomiase africana, codifica tres potenciais quinases de eIF2α (TbeIF2Kl-K3). Neste trabalho, nos mostramos que TbeIF2K2 e uma glicoproteina associada a membrana, expressa tanto na forma prociclica quanta na sanguinea. 0 dominio catalitico de TbeIF2K2 fosforila eIF2α de levedura e de mamiferos na Ser51. A quinase tambem fosforila a incomum forma de eIF2α encontrada em tripanossomatideos, especificamente no residuo Thr169, que corresponde a Ser51 em outros eucariotos. 0 eIF2α de T brucei, no entanto, nao e um substrato para GCN2 ou PKR in vitro. 0 dominio regulatorio putativo de TbeIF2K2 nao apresenta nenhuma similaridade de sequencia com as quinases de eIF2α conhecidas. Tanto na forma sanguinea quanto na prociclica, TbeIF2K2 esta localizada principalmente na bolsa flagelar, organela que e o local exclusivo de exo e endocitose nesses parasitas. Ela tambem pode ser detectada em compartimentos endociticos, mas nao em lisossomos, sugerindo que a quinase e reciclada entre os endossomos e a bolsa flagelar. A localizacao de TbeIF2K2 sugere que ela possa funcionar como um sensor do transporte de nutrientes ou proteinas em T brucei, um organismo que depende de mecanismos regulatorios pos-transcricionais para controlar a expressao genica em diferentes situacoes. Essa e a primeira quinase de eIF2α associada a membrana descrita em eucariotos unicelulares
Translational control mediated by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) is central to stress-induced programs of gene expression. Trypanosomatids, important human pathogens, display differentiation processes elicited by contact with the distinct physiological milieu found in their insect vectors and mammalian hosts, likely representing stress situations. Trypanosoma brucei, the agent of African trypanosomiasis, encodes three potential eIF2α kinases (TbeIF2K1-K3). We show here that TbeIF2K2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed both in procyclic and bloodstream forms. The catalytic domain of TbeIF2K2 phosphorylates yeast and mammalian eIF2α at Ser51. It also phosphorylates the highly unusual form of eIF2α found in trypanosomatids specifically at residue Thr169, that corresponds to Ser51 in other eukaryotes. T. brucei eIF2α, however, is not a substrate for GCN2 or PKR in vitro. The putative regulatory domain of TbeIF2K2 does not share any sequence similarity with known eIF2α kinases. In both procyclic and bloodstream forms TbeIF2K2 is mainly localized in the membrane of the flagellar pocket, an organelle that is the exclusive site of exo- and endocytosis in these parasites. It can also be detected in endocytic compartments but not in lysosomes, suggesting it is recycled between endosomes and the flagellar pocket. TbeIF2K2 location suggests a relevance in sensing protein or nutrient transport in T. brucei, an organism that relies heavily on posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms to control gene expression in different environmental conditions. This is the first membrane-associated eIF2α kinase described in unicellular eukaryotes.
FAPESP: 02/13783-9
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Moraes, Eduardo Cruz 1986. "Seleção de compostos como candidatos para a inibição da atividade de proteínas cinases humanas da família das Neks." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314363.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Cinases desempenham um papel importante na ativação de vias bioquímicas em células eucarióticas. Neks (NIMA related kinases) são uma família conservada de proteínas cinases relacionadas à progressão do ciclo celular e divisão celular, contendo em torno de 40% de identidade no domínio catalítico N-terminal com a proteína NIMA (Never in Mitosis, gene A) de Aspergillus nidulans. As cinases Neks são também descritas como relacionadas a patologias, particularmente câncer. Por estas características, as Neks são alvos potenciais para o tratamento de cânceres e desenvolvimento de drogas anti-câncer. Neste trabalho foram selecionados compostos em uma biblioteca de 87 compostos para os domínios de cinase mutados de hNek1, hNek2, hNek6, hNek8 e hNek9 e o domínio de cinase selvagem de hNek7, através de um ensaio de deslocamento térmico. Neste ensaio, foi identificado pelo menos um composto com um deslocamento da Tm significativo para a hNek1 ('delta'262-1258)-(T162A), E08 ('delta'Tm = 4.0ºC); outro, E04 ('delta'Tm = 6.5ºC) para a hNek6(S206A), e vários compostos para a hNek7wt e hNek2(_272-445)-(T175A). Destes compostos, B03 e F04 foram validados por docking no sítio de ligação de ATP da hNek7wt, enquanto B08 e E03 foram validados por reduzir a atividade da hNek7wt até 26,4% e 43,3%, respectivamente, na concentração de 312,5 nM. Além disso, o composto E04 foi capaz de reduzir a atividade da hNek6(S206A) pela metade com um IC50 próximo de 1,25 ?M. São necessários experimentos funcionais adicionais para validação desses dados, e estudos estruturais com resolução atômica serão importantes para caracterizar a associação de hNek1('delta'262-1258)-(T162A), hNek6(S206A) e hNek7 selvagem com esses e outros compostos
Abstract: Kinases play an important role in the activation of biochemical pathways in eukaryotic cells. Neks (NIMA related kinases) are a conserved kinase protein family related to cell cycle progression and cell division, containing about 40% identity in the N-terminal catalytic domain with the protein NIMA (Never in Mitosis, gene A) of Aspergillus nidulans. Nek kinases are also described as related to pathologies, particularly cancer. For these characteristics, Neks are potential targets for treatment of cancers and development of anti-cancer drugs. Here we screened the recombinant activation loop mutant kinase domains of hNek1, hNek2, hNek6, hNek8 and hNek9 and wild-type hNek7 against 87 compounds using thermal shift denaturation and identified at least one compound with significant Tm shift for hNek1('delta'262-1258)-(T162A), E08 ('delta'Tm = 4.0ºC), another one, E04 ('delta'Tm = 6.5ºC) for hNek6(S206A), but not for the other hNek6 variants, and several hit compounds for hNek7wt and hNek2('delta'272-445)-(T175A). From these, compounds B03 and F04 were validated by docking into the ATP-binding site of hNek7wt, while B08 and E03 were validated by reducing hNek7wt activity up to 26.4% and 43.3%, respectively, at a 312.5 nM concentration. We also found that mutant hNek6, without the activation loop conserved phosphorylation, is a better target for inhibitor stabilization than an activated more phosphorylated hNek6 kinase. Moreover, compound E04 was later confirmed to reduce hNek6(S206A) activity by half with IC50 near to 1.25 ?M. Further functional experiments in living cells are required to validate this findings, and structural studies with atomic resolution will be important to characterize the association of hNek1('delta'262-1258)-(T162A), hNek6(S206A) and wild-type hNek7 with these and other compounds
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
Jesus, Teresa Cristina Leandro de [UNIFESP]. "Proteínas quinases envolvidas na regulação do estresse em Trypanosoma." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9990.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (CNPq e INV)
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Protozoários do gênero Trypanosoma possuem um complexo ciclo de vida, alternando entre hospedeiros vertebrados e invertebrados. A adaptação a essas diversas condições ambientais necessita de rápidas mudanças na expressão gênica para preencher os requerimentos metabólicos ou morfológicos para sobrevivência. Muito pouco se sabe sobre os mecanismos que controlam estas transformações e sobre as vias de sinalização celular implicadas. Como nestes organismos o controle da expressão gênica ocorre ao nível pós transcricional, decidimos neste trabalho estudar a função de proteínas quinases envolvidas no controle da síntese protéica e no crescimento destes parasitas. Em diversos eucariotos a proteína quinase TOR (Target Of Rapamycin) está envolvida no controle da síntese protéica e crescimento celular frente à disponibilidade de nutrientes ou fatores de crescimento. Por análise de seqüências de T. brucei disponíveis nos bancos de dados do genoma desses parasitas encontramos quatro candidatos para TOR (TbTOR1, TbTOR2, TbTOR-like1 and TbTOR-like 2). Dois complexos TOR em T. brucei (TbTORC1 e TbTORC2) foram descritos previamente. No primeiro capítulo desta tese estudamos: TbTOR-like 1 e a comparamos com TbTOR2. TbTOR-like 1 não se encontra em nenhum dos complexos TORC e possui um domínio PDZ não encontrado nas outras TORs de T. brucei ou de outros eucariotos. Ela se localiza em grânulos no citosol que após estresse hiperosmótico migram para a periferia celular. Depleção de TbTOR-like 1 causa uma inibição progressiva do crescimento celular, gerando células de tamanho maior que se acumulam na fase S/G2 do ciclo celular. Estas células também apresentam um aumento no número de acidocalcissomos assim como aumentos nos níveis de polifosfato e pirofosfato. Estes dados indicam que TbTOR-like1 parece estar envolvida no controle do crescimento celular e na biogênese de acidocalcissomos respondendo a variações osmóticas do meio. No segundo capítulo da tese estudamos proteínas quinases envolvidas no controle da síntese protéica através da fosforilação da subunidade do fator de iniciação eucariótico 2 da tradução (eIF2α. Estas quinases são ativadas por distintos tipos de estresse. T. brucei codifica para três potenciais proteínas quinases de eIF2α (TbeIF2K1, K2 e K3). Estudamos mais especificamente a K2. Mostramos que ela é uma glicoproteína transmembrânica localizada na região da bolsa flagelar em ambas as formas de T. brucei e nos compartimentos endossomais de Trypanosoma cruzi. Estes compartimentos endossomais são denominados de reservossomos e se formam apenas no estágio do parasita que vive no lúmen do tubo digestivo do inseto vetor. Este fato sugere que em ambos os parasitas esta proteína quinase possa estar funcionando como um sensor no transporte de nutrientes e proteínas. De maneira geral revelamos a existência de pelo menos dois mecanismos pelos quais os tripanossomas percebem e resistem às modificações ambientais durante seu ciclo de vida.
Protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma have a complex life cycle alternating between vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. The adaptation to different environmental conditions requires rapid changes in gene expression to fill up the morphological and metabolic requirements for survival. Very little is known about the mechanisms that control these changes and the signaling pathways involved. As in these organisms the control of gene expression occurs at post-transcriptional level, in this work we decided to investigate the function of protein kinases involved in the control of protein synthesis and growth of these parasites. In several eukaryotes TOR (target of rapamycin) protein kinases are involved in protein synthesis control and cell growth in response of the availability of nutrients or growth factors. By searching T. brucei genomic database we found four candidates for TOR (TbTOR1, TbTOR2, TbTOR-like1 and TbTOR-like 2). Two TOR complexes were previously described in T. brucei (TbTORC1 and TbTORC2). In the first chapter of this thesis we study: TbTOR-like 1 and compared it with TbTOR2. TbTOR-like 1 is not present in any of the TORC complexes and has a PDZ domain not found in any of other TORs of T brucei, or other eukaryotes. It is located cytosolic granules that migrate to the cell periphery after hyperosmotic stress. Depletion TbTOR-like 1 causes a progressive inhibition of cell growth, generating enlarged cells that accumulate in S/G2 phase of the cell cycle. These cells also show increased number of acidocalcisomes and augmented levels of polyphosphate and pyrophosphate. These data indicate that TbTOR-like seems to be involved in controlling cell growth and biogenesis of acidocalcisomes responding to osmotic changes in the medium. In the second chapter of the thesis we studied protein kinases involved in protein synthesis control through the phosphorylation of the subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α).These kinases are activated by different types of stress. T. brucei encodes three potential eIF2α protein kinases (TbeIF2K1, K2 and K3). We studied more specifically the K2. We showed that it is a transmembrane glycoprotein located in the region of the flagellar pocket in both forms of T. brucei, and in the endosomal compartments of Trypanosoma cruzi. These endosomal compartments are known as reservosomes and they are formed only in the parasite’s stage that li ves in the digestive tract lumen of the insect vector. This fact suggests that in both parasites this protein kinase may be acting as a sensor in the transport of nutrients and proteins. In conclusion we revealed the existence of at least two mechanisms by which trypanosomes perceive and resist to environmental changes during their life cycle.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Velho, Renata Voltolini. "Estudo abrangente sobre a deficiência da GlcNac-1-fosfotransferase (Mucolipidoses II e III) : do diagnóstico molecular a propostas de tratamento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/119620.
Full textIntroduction: Lysosomes are acidic organelles into which many types of macromolecules including proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids are delivered for degradation. The biogenesis of lysosomes requires a continuous substitution of soluble lysosomal enzymes and lysosomal membrane proteins. The targeting of lysosomal enzymes depends on mannose 6-phosphate residues (M6P) that are recognized by M6P-specific receptors mediating their transport to lysosomes. The key role in the formation of M6P residues plays the Golgi-resident GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase complex consisting of six subunits, α2β2γ2. This enzyme complex is encoded by two genes, GNPTAB and GNPTG. Mutations in these genes result in two lysosomal storage diseases, mucolipidosis (ML) type II and III, biochemically characterized by the missorting of multiple lysosomal enzymes due to impaired formation of M6P residues, and general lysosomal dysfunction. Objectives: 1)To analyze the pathogenicity, through in vitro tests, of GNPTAB mutations previously identified in Brazilian patients with ML II and III alpha/beta: c.1208T>C, c.1514G>A, c.1723G>A, c.1759C>T, c.1931_1932CA>TG, c.2269_2273delGAAAC, c.2808A>G and c.3668_3670delCTA; 2) Characterize GNPTG mutational profile in a ML III gamma patients group; 3) Analyze the effect of gentamicin and chloramphenicol on the activity of α-mannosidase, β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidasein fibroblasts of ML III gamma patients with GNPTG nonsense mutations. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with convenience sample, including patients with a clinical and biochemical diagnosis of ML II/III. GNPTAB mutations previously identified in ML II/III alpha/beta Brazilian patients were studied in relation to mRNA and protein expression, enzyme activity and intracellular localization of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase. Patients were also evaluated to GNPTG variations and possible mRNA impacts. The ML III gamma patients group was also evaluated with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). GNPTAB and GNPTG expression studies were developed to better understand the relationship between them. Geneticin and chloramphenicol were used to treat ML III gamma fibroblasts. Results: Nonsense and frameshift mutations of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase failed to reach the Golgi apparatus due to the interrupted cooperative ER export signals localized both in the N- and C-terminal cytosolic tails and lacked proteolytic activation of the α/β-subunit precursor. In addition, luminal missense mutations of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase can also impair the transport to the Golgi apparatus, suggesting the presence of a protein contact site required for efficient ER export. The establishment of a radioactive assay to measure the activity of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase confirmed that the transport to the Golgi and proteolytic cleavage into mature α- and β-subunits is prerequisite for enzymatic activity. Regarding GNPTG analysis, molecular techniques employed allowed the identification of three new pathogenic mutations (p.F83X, p.E110X, c.233+5G>C) and another variation (c.-112C>G). After research, p.F83X was attributable to a de novo event which occurred in only one ovum, or to germline mosaicism in the mothers’ ova. The potential effect of p.E110X mutation in mRNA was investigated. However it was not possible to identify transcripts carrying this mutation since all patients appear to present only the wild type sequence, an event called mRNA editing (c.328G@T). Nevertheless, low mRNA levels confirm the GNPTG mutations pathogenicity and the patients’ diagnosis. In ML II/III alpha/beta and ML III gamma patients, low GNPTAB and GNPTG mRNA expression levels, respectively, can easily be explained by the nature of the mutations. Interestingly, it is the non-mutated gene. Divergence between results may be related to the type of sample, given that ML II and III are tissue-specific diseases. Fibroblasts from three ML III gamma patients were treated with geneticin and chloramphenicol with no effect being observed. This pilot study does not support the feasibility or effectiveness for the development of a treatment based on the use of non-antibiotic compounds acting on the read through of either ML II or III patients. Conclusions: Genetic, clinical and population characterization studies always contribute to the elucidation of disease mechanisms and concomitantly, lead to better patient care. It is very important that efforts and resources to be focused in this area for the complete understanding of ML II and III as well as the biological processes involved. This is the first study to perform molecular diagnosis in ML III gamma Brazilian patients. Also it is the first to report a de novo mutation and the occurrence of mRNA editing in ML III gamma patients.
Quiroga, Roger Diego René. "Catálisis y regulación de la riboquinasa humana : papel de los motivos conservados NXXE y GXGD en la catálisis, regulación y unión de PO4-³ y Mg+²." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/131664.
Full textLa riboquinasa humana (RK) (E.C. 2.7.15) pertenece a la superfamilia riboquinasa y cataliza la fosforilación de la D-ribosa usando MgATP como cosustrato, produciendo D-ribosa-5-P y ADP. Aunque la D-ribosa participa en importantes etapas metabólicas, los estudios cinéticos en la RK humana son escasos y preliminares. Alineamientos de secuencia por superposición estructural entre varios miembros de la superfamilia, han mostrado que existen dos motivos de secuencia muy conservados, el motivo NXXE y el motivo GXGD, que se encuentran en el sitio activo de las estructuras de los miembros de la superfamilia. Los residuos Asn y Glu del motivo NXXE estarían relacionados con la unión y uso apropiado de los iones Mg+2 y PO4-3, mientras que el residuo Asp del motivo GXGD actuaría como la base catalítica, que desprotonaría el hidroxilo del sustrato que va a ser fosforilado. En este trabajo determinamos el efecto del K2HPO4 sobre la actividad enzimática, y caracterizamos cinéticamente a la RK humana. A través de mutagénesis sitio dirigida evaluamos el papel de los residuos Asn199, Glu202 y Asp269, en la catálisis y en la unión y regulación por PO4-3 y Mg+2. Los resultados muestran que la RK humana posee una regulación compleja, en la que tanto el PO4-3 como el Mg+2 actúan como activadores, mientras que ambos sustratos y el Mn+2 libre actúan como inhibidores. La caracterización cinética de las mutantes de los motivos NXXE y GXGD muestran que las mutantes N199L y E202L muestran un descenso dramático en la kcat y un aumento de entre 50-70 veces el valor de la KM para MgATP, mientras que la mutante D269N tiene una kcat cerca de 55 veces menor que la enzima silvestre, sin cambios en los valores de KM para ambos sustratos. Sorpresivamente, ninguna de las mutantes es activada por K2HPO4 y todas requieren de una concentración de Mg+2 libre mucho mayor que la requerida por la enzima silvestre, para obtener la actividad máxima. En base al análisis de la estructuras cristalográficas de RK de E. coli (PDBID: 1RKD) y RK de H. sapiens (PDBID: 2FV7) se ha visto que la RK humana uniría al PO4-3 y al Mg+2 dentro del sitio activo, y que esta unión estaría mediada por moléculas de aguas estructurales conservadas que permitirían la formación de puentes de hidrógeno entre el PO4-3 y el Mg+2 y los residuos conservados Asn 199 y Glu202 que se ubican dentro del sitio activo de la enzima, y que forman parte del motivo NXXE. Además, estos residuos participarían en la unión de ATP al sitio activo. Por último, usando el método de acoplamiento molecular del PO4-3 fue posible inferir que el PO4-3 regulador se uniría dentro del sitio activo de la RK humana. Estos resultados demuestran que los residuos Asn199 y Glu202 juegan un rol importante en la catálisis y en la regulación por PO4-3 and Mg+2 y que aunque se ha señalado que el residuo Asp sería la base catalítica para mucho miembros de la familia riboquinasa, su rol en la RK humana no es concluyente
Ribokinase (RK) (E.C. 2.7.15) belongs to the ribokinase superfamily and catalyzes the phosphorylation of the D-ribose using MgATP as cosubstrate, producing D-ribose-5-P and ADP. Even though D-ribose acts in important metabolic steps, kinetic studies of human RK are scarce and preliminary. Structural based sequence alignments of several members of this superfamily have shown two conserved sequence motifs, the NXXE and GXGD motifs, localized at the active site of its members. It has been suggested that the Asn and Glu residues from the NXXE motif are related with Mg2+ and PO43- proper use and binding, while the Asp residue from the GXGD is proposed to act like the catalytic base withdrawing a proton in the substrate to be phophorylated. In this work we have studied the effect exerted by K2HPO4 on human RK activity, and we performed a kinetic characterization of this enzyme. Also, using site-directed mutagenesis we evaluate the role of residues Asn199, Glu202 and Asp269, in catalysis, phosphate and magnesium regulation and binding, The results shown a complex interplay of regulators of RK activity where phosphate and K+ act as activators while both substrates and free Mn2+ acts as inhibitors. Kinetic characterization of mutants of the conserved NXXE and GXGD motifs shows that N199L and E202L enzymes display a dramatic decrease in the kcat value and an increase between 50-70 times in the KM for MgATP, whereas the D269N mutant display a kcat value around 55 times lower than the wild type with almost none changes in the KM values for both substrates. Interestingly, all the mutants lack the activating effect of phosphate and require higher free Mg2+ concentrations than the wild type enzyme to obtain maximal activity. Additionally, molecular docking assays have shown that probably the regulatory PO43- binds inside the active site in human RK. Analysis of the crystallographic structures of E. coli RK (PDBid: 1RKD) and H. sapiens RK (PDBid: 2FV7) shows that PO43- and Mg2+ bind at the active site of human RK, and that several conserved water molecules facilitate interactions between PO43- and Mg2+ and the conserved residues Asn199 and Glu202 trough H bonding. In addition, these residues participate in the ATP binding in human RK active site. These results demonstrated that residues Asn199 and Glu202 play an important role in catalysis and PO43- and Mg2+ regulation and although the conserved Asp residue has been pointed out as the catalytic base in many members of the ribokinase family its role in human ribokinase is not fully understood
FONDECYT
Niechi, Gaete Ignacio Alfredo. "Relación estructura/función entre la proteína kinasa ck2 y la enzima convertidora de endotelina - 1c, y evaluación de su efecto en la progresión tumoral de células de cáncer colorrectal." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/142454.
Full textLa Enzima Convertidora de Endotelina - 1c (ECE-1c) es una metaloproteasa de membrana que participa en la síntesis de Endotelina-1 y se ha demostrado que tiene un rol en invasión en cáncer de mama, ovario y próstata. La región N-terminal de ECE-1c posee tres sitios putativos de fosforilación por la proteína kinasa CK2. En esta tesis se estudió la fosforilación de ECE-1c por CK2 y cómo esto afecta la migración e invasión celular en un modelo de cáncer de colon. La hipótesis de esta tesis fue “La proteína kinasa CK2 fosforila y estabiliza a ECE-1c, promoviendo la invasividad de células de cáncer colorrectal”. El objetivo general fue determinar si la proteína kinasa CK2 fosforila a ECE-1c en su extremo N-terminal afectando su estabilidad y si esto tiene un efecto en el potencial invasivo de células de cáncer colorrectal. Para responder a esto se plantearon los siguientes objetivos específicos: 1. Determinar si CK2 fosforila a ECE-1c en su región N-terminal in vitro y en líneas celulares de cáncer colorrectal; 2. Estudiar si CK2 regula mediante fosforilación la estabilidad ECE-1c en células no tumorales y de cáncer colorrectal; y 3. Evaluar si CK2 regula vía ECE-1c la migración e invasividad in vitro de células de cáncer colorrectal. Un análisis in silico mostró que la región N-terminal de ECE-1c contiene tres sitios putativos de fosforilación por CK2: Thr9, Ser18 y Ser20. En base a este antecedente se realizaron ensayos in vitro utilizando ATP radiactivo y la región N-terminal de ECE-1c fusionada a GST como sustrato, mostrando que CK2 es capaz de fosforilar dicha región. Estos resultados fueron confirmados al analizar los sustratos fosforilados con espectrometría de masas, mostrando que los residuos fosforilados in vitro fueron Ser18 y Ser20. Para demostrar si la fosforilación ocurre en un contexto celular, se inmunoprecipitó ECE-1 en tratamiento con el inhibidor de CK2, TBB, desde células de cáncer de colon DLD-1. La marca de fosforilación se detectó con un anticuerpo antifosfo-S/T/Y, mostrando que la inhibición de CK2 disminuye la marca de fosforilación de ECE-1 total. Posteriormente se evaluó si los niveles de ECE-1 eran afectados por la inhibición de CK2 en células embrionarias HEK-293T y de cáncer de colon DLD- 1. Tal como se esperaba, la inhibición de CK2 utilizando TBB o CX-4945 disminuyó los niveles proteicos de la ECE-1 endógena y de la región N-terminal de ECE-1c fusionada a GFP en ambas líneas celulares. Adicionalmente, se realizaron ensayos de estabilidad proteica utilizando cicloheximida y se mostró que la inhibición de CK2 con TBB disminuyó la estabilidad de la región N-terminal de ECE-1c fusionada a GFP en células embrionarias HEK-293T y de cáncer de colon DLD-1. Por otro lado, las mutantes de ECE-1c fosfomimética (DDD) y no fosforilable (AAA) por CK2 expresadas en células CHO-K1, demostraron tener mayor y menor estabilidad proteica, respectivamente. Finalmente, ensayos funcionales de migración-3D e invasión celular utilizando cámaras de transwell/matrigel, mostraron que ECE-1c es capaz de aumentar el potencial migratorio/invasivo de células de cáncer de colon DLD-1. Además, la sobreexpresión de la mutante no fosforilable por CK2 (AAA) no fue capaz de modificar la capacidad migratoria ni invasiva de esta línea celular. En conclusión, estos resultados sugieren que CK2, por fosforilación en el extremo N-terminal, aumenta la estabilidad de ECE-1c, lo que conduce a un aumento en la invasión de células de cáncer de colon. Estos hallazgos dan luces de un nuevo mecanismo por el cual CK2 promueve la progresión maligna de esta devastadora enfermedad
Endothelin Converting Enzyme - 1c (ECE-1c) is a membrane metalloprotease involved in endothelin-1 synthesis and has been shown to have a role in invasion promotion in breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. N-terminal region of ECE-1c has three putative phosphorylation sites for CK2. In this thesis, we studied whether ECE-1c phosphorylation by CK2 affects cell migration and invasion in a colon cancer model. The hypothesis of this thesis was "CK2 protein kinase phosphorylates and stabilizes ECE-1c, thereby promoting invasiveness of colorectal cancer cells." The overall objective was to determine whether CK2 protein kinase phosphorylates ECE-1c at its N-terminal affecting its stability and whether this has an effect on the invasive potential of colorectal cancer cells. In order to answer this, the following specific objectives were considered; 1. To determine whether CK2 phosphorylates ECE-1c at its Nterminal region in vitro and in colon cancer cell lines; 2. To study whether CK2 phosphorylation regulates ECE-1c stability in non-tumor and colorectal cancer cells; and 3. To evaluate whether CK2 regulates migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells via ECE-1c phosphorylation. An in silico analysis showed that the N-terminal region of ECE-1c has three putative phosphorylation sites for CK2: Thr9, Ser18 and Ser20. Based on this background, we performed an in vitro phosphorylation assay using radioactive ATP and the N-terminal region of ECE-1c fused to GST as substrate, showing that CK2 phosphorylates this region. These results were confirmed by analyzing phosphorylated substrates with mass spectrometry, showing that the phosphorylated residues were Ser18 and Ser20. To show whether phosphorylation occurs in a cellular context, we performed and immunoprecipitation assay inhibiting CK2 with TBB in DLD-1 colon cancer cells, detecting ECE-1 phosphorylation mark. Phosphorylation was detected with an antifosfo-S/T/Y antibody showing that CK2 inhibition decreases ECE-1 phosphorylation mark. Subsequently we assessed whether ECE-1 levels were affected by CK2 inhibition in HEK-293T cells and DLD-1 colon cancer cells. As expected, CK2 inhibition using TBB or CX-4945 decreased protein levels of endogenous ECE-1 and N-terminal region of ECE-1c fused to GFP in both cell lines. Additionally, assays of protein stability were performed using cycloheximide and showed that inhibition of CK2 with TBB decreased stability of the N-terminal region of ECE-1c fused to GFP in HEK-293T and DLD-1 colon cancer cells. In this context, ECE-1c mutants phosphomimetic and not phosphorylatable by CK2 expressed in CHO-K1 cells were shown to have more or less protein stability, respectively. Finally, functional assays and 3D-cell migration and invasion using Transwell chambers, showed that ECE-1c is capable of increasing the migration/invasiveness potential in DLD-1 cells. In addition, the nonphosphorylatable by CK2 mutant was not able to increase migration or invasive capacity. In conclusion, these results suggest that colon cancer cell invasion is promoted by protein kinase CK2 through the increase of endothelinconverting enzyme-1c protein stability by phosphorylation of its N-terminal end. These findings shed lights on a novel mechanism by which CK2 promotes malignant progression of this devasting disease
Conicyt; Fondecyt
Hirata, Rosario Dominguez Crespo. "Determinação das atividades da ATP:creatina-fosfotransferase (E.C. 2.7.3.2) e da L-lactato:NAD-oxidorredutase (E.C. 1.1.1.27) e de suas isoenzimas em indivíduos portadores de neoplasias gástricas." Universidade de São Paulo, 1987. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-25032008-154332/.
Full textAbstract not available
Matos, Joana Filipa Pereira de. "The role of sphingosine kinase in IL-7-mediated signaling ant T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/29929.
Full textAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in pediatric patients and is characterized by bone marrow and peripheral blood invasion from malignant lymphoblasts. Approximately 15% of children and 25% of adult ALL cases are of T-cell phenotype (T-ALL), which is associated with high risk and poorer prognosis. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) and its receptor (IL-7R) are essential for normal T-cell development and homeostasis. However, IL-7/IL-7R-mediated signaling may also partake in leukemia development, as demonstrated by the identification of IL-7Rα gainof- function mutations in around 9% of T-ALL patients. Sphingosine Kinase (SPHK) is a lipid kinase that promotes cell viability by phosphorylating sphingosine and thereby regulating the ceramide/sphingosine 1- phosphate (S1P) rheostat. Cancer cells frequently display high levels of SPHK, and SPHK expression has been correlated with cancer patients’ outcome. Previous studies have shown that increased SPHK levels are correlated with increased cell viability and inhibition of apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Here, we show that SPHK is an important player in IL-7-mediated signaling in TALL. Initially, we demonstrated that SPHK1 expression was increased in T-ALL cells compared to its normal counterparts. We then hypothesized that SPHK1 could be involved in IL-7-mediated positive effects in T-ALL cells (both IL-7-dependent and IL- 7Rα mutant), as well as in normal T-cells. We demonstrated that IL-7 activates SPHK activity without significantly impacting on its expression. SPHK inhibition completely prevented IL-7-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT and STAT5 pathways, suggesting that SPHK activity is fundamental for the activation of IL-7-dependent survival pathways. In accordance, inhibition of SPHK decreased IL-7-dependent maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell viability. In addition, SPHK was necessary for IL-7-dependent cell cycle progression, with its inhibition inducing an arrest in G0/G1. Finally, SPHK inhibition downregulated CD71 surface expression and cell size in T-ALL. In summary, our study identifies SPHK1 as an essential modulator of IL-7- mediated signaling in T-ALL, and opens new possible therapeutic approaches by using SPHK pharmacological inhibitors in the treatment of T-ALL patients.