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Journal articles on the topic 'Fossil Angiosperms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Wang, Xin. "A Novel Early Cretaceous Flower and Its Implications on Flower Derivation." Biology 11, no. 7 (2022): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11071036.

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Background: The origin and early evolution of angiosperms, by far the most important plant group for human beings, are questions demanding answers, mainly due to a lack of related fossils. The Yixian Formation (Lower Cretaceous) is famous for its fossils of early angiosperms, and several Early Cretaceous angiosperms with apocarpous gynoecia have been documented. However, a hypanthium and an inferior ovary are lacking in these fossil angiosperms. Methods: The specimen was collected from the outcrop of the Yixian Formation in Dawangzhangzi in the suburb of Lingyuan, Liaoning, China. The specimen

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2

Feild, Taylor S., Garland R. Upchurch, David S. Chatelet, et al. "Fossil evidence for low gas exchange capacities for Early Cretaceous angiosperm leaves." Paleobiology 37, no. 2 (2011): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10015.1.

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The photosynthetic gas exchange capacities of early angiosperms remain enigmatic. Nevertheless, many hypotheses about the causes of early angiosperm success and how angiosperms influenced Mesozoic ecosystem function hinge on understanding the maximum capacity for early angiosperm metabolism. We applied structure-functional analyses of leaf veins and stomatal pore geometry to determine the hydraulic and diffusive gas exchange capacities of Early Cretaceous fossil leaves. All of the late Aptian—early Albian angiosperms measured possessed low vein density and low maximal stomatal pore area, indic

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3

Friis, Else Marie, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen, and Peter R. Crane. "Diversity in obscurity: fossil flowers and the early history of angiosperms." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1539 (2010): 369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0227.

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In the second half of the nineteenth century, pioneering discoveries of rich assemblages of fossil plants from the Cretaceous resulted in considerable interest in the first appearance of angiosperms in the geological record. Darwin's famous comment, which labelled the ‘rapid development’ of angiosperms an ‘abominable mystery’, dates from this time. Darwin and his contemporaries were puzzled by the relatively late, seemingly sudden and geographically widespread appearance of modern-looking angiosperms in Late Cretaceous floras. Today, the early diversification of angiosperms seems much less ‘ra

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Bateman, Richard M. "Hunting the Snark: the flawed search for mythical Jurassic angiosperms." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 1 (2019): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz411.

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Abstract Several recent palaeobotanical studies claim to have found and described pre-Cretaceous angiosperm macrofossils. With rare exceptions, these papers fail to define a flower, do not acknowledge that fossils require character-based rather than group-based classification, do not explicitly state which morphological features would unambiguously identify a fossil as angiospermous, ignore the modern conceptual framework of phylogeny reconstruction, and infer features in the fossils in question that are interpreted differently by (or even invisible to) other researchers. This unfortunate situ

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Chopparapu, Chinnappa, Rajanikanth Annamraju, Pauline Sabina Kavali, and ConfiguraçõesSarah Gonçalves Duarte. "Angiosperms from the Early Cretaceous sediments of India." Geologia USP. Série Científica 20, no. 4 (2020): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v20-171976.

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This study presents the first report of angiosperm macrofossil assemblage from the Early Cretaceous sediments of India, containing a fruit, a spike, a petal, leaves, and an axis from the Krishna Godavari Basin. This assemblage provides clues to angiosperm evolution and ecology during the Early Cretaceous of India. The described enigmatic forms are comparable to fruits of Trapa, and palm leaves and spikes of Potamogeton. The fossil material also includes ribbon-like leaves with a small axis; fossil remains suggest affinity with the monocotyledon group and support recent morphological and molecu

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Herman, A. B., V. V. Kostyleva, P. A. Nikolskii, A. E. Basilyan, and A. E. Kotel’nikov. "New data on the late cretaceous flora of the New Siberia island, New Siberian Islands." Стратиграфия 27, no. 3 (2019): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-592x27353-69.

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New plant fossils collected in 2016 from the Derevyannye Gory Formation on the New Siberia Island are studied. Thirty species of fossil plants are identified and illustrated. They belong to liverworts, ferns, ginkgoaleans, conifers and angiosperms. Sixteen of them have not beed found in the New Siberia Flora before. A new angiosperm species Dalembia (?) gracilis Herman is described. The New Siberia Flora is characterised by a moderately high taxonomic diversity, predominance of conifers and angiosperms with large-leafed platanoids and trochodendroids being the most abundant among angiosperms,

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7

Han, Lei, Ya Zhao, Ming Zhao, Jie Sun, Bainian Sun, and Xin Wang. "New Fossil Evidence Suggests That Angiosperms Flourished in the Middle Jurassic." Life 13, no. 3 (2023): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13030819.

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Angiosperms are a group of plants with the highest rate of evolution, the largest number of species, the widest distribution and the strongest adaptability. Needless to say, angiosperms are the most important group for the humans. The studies on the origin, evolution and systematics of angiosperms have been the major challenges in plant sciences. However, the origin and early history of angiosperms remains poorly understood and controversial among paleobotanists. Some paleobotanists insist that there were no angiosperms in the pre-Cretaceous age. However, this conclusion is facing increasing c

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Romero, Edgardo J., and Ricardo Palma. "Early angiosperm fossil leaves in Chubut Group, Cretaceous, Argentina." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008108.

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The oldest angiosperm leaves from Patagonia were reported from Baquero Formation (Barremian-Aptian) in a mesofitic flora of more than one hundred gymnosperm and fern species. The next younger records are from the Chubut Group, a thick assemblage of pyroclastic sediments, with sand and conglomerate facies and frequent paleosols. In the Sierra de San Bernardo area sediments are mainly tufaceous and fluvial, deposited under an arid climate in shallow lakes and swamps of the alluvial plains. The sea was hundreds of kilometers to the West. Four Formations were described: Matasiete (Aptian), Castill

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Santos, Artai A., and Xin Wang. "Pre-Carpels from the Middle Triassic of Spain." Plants 11, no. 21 (2022): 2833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11212833.

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In stark contrast to the multitude of hypotheses on carpel evolution, there is little fossil evidence testing these hypotheses. The recent discovery of angiosperms from the Early Jurassic makes the search for precursors of angiosperm carpels in the Triassic more promising. Our light microscopic and SEM observations on Combina gen. nov., a cone-like organ from the Middle Triassic of Spain, indicate that its lateral unit includes an axillary anatropous ovule and a subtending bract, and the latter almost fully encloses the former. Such an observation not only favors one of the theoretical predict

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10

Wang, Xin. "Origin of Angiosperms: Problems, Challenges, and Solutions." Life 13, no. 10 (2023): 2029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13102029.

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Angiosperms are frequently assumed to constitute a monophyletic group. Therefore, the origin of angiosperms is a key question in systematic botany since the answer to this question is hinged with many questions concerned with angiosperm evolution. Previously, the lack of fossil evidence undermines the robustness of related hypotheses, and explains the instability of the systematics of angiosperms in the past century. With increasing evidence of early angiosperms, the origin and early evolution of angiosperms become approachable targets. However, reaching a strict consensus is still a mission i

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Doyle, James A. "Significance of molecular phylogenetic analyses for paleobotanical investigations on the origin of angiosperms." Journal of Palaeosciences 50, no. (1-3) (2001): 167–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2001.1821.

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Molecular phylogenetic analyses have provided increasing evidence that angiosperms are not related to Gnetales, thus contradicting the anthophyte hypothesis based on morphological cladistic analyses and throwing the question of angiosperm relatives back to paleobotanists. Previous analyses of gene sequences based on a molecular clock conflicted with the fossil record in indicating a Late Palaeozoic or Triassic origin of the angiosperms, but closer examination suggests that these dates were biased by the use of herbaceous taxa with accelerated rates of molecular evolution. Despite uncertainty o

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Liu, Zhong-Jian, Ye-Mao Hou, and Xin Wang. "Zhangwuia: an enigmatic organ with a bennettitalean appearance and enclosed ovules." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 108, no. 4 (2017): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000257.

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ABSTRACTThe feature distinguishing typical angiosperms from gymnosperms is that their ovules are enclosed before pollination. Bennettitales were formerly related to angiosperms because of the flower-like organisation of the former's reproductive organs. There is little information on how the naked ovules of Bennettitales became enclosed in angiosperms because fossil evidence for such a transition, if it exists, has not been described. Here, we report a reproductive organ, Zhangwuia gen. nov., from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. Like many Bennettitales, the arrangement of the fol

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Harris, Elisha B., and Nan Crystal Arens. "A mid-Cretaceous angiosperm-dominated macroflora from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah, USA." Journal of Paleontology 90, no. 4 (2016): 640–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.44.

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AbstractAngiosperms first appeared in the fossil record as pollen during the Valanginian–Hauterivian; they spread out of the tropics in the Aptian and Albian, and radiated in the Late Cretaceous. Despite these general patterns, details of the taxonomic, geographic, and ecological evolution of Cretaceous angiosperms are relatively poorly known because only a handful of Early and mid-Cretaceous macrofloras have been reported. This is the first detailed report of a fossil leaf flora from the Cedar Mountain Formation from the mid-Cretaceous of the Western Interior. We describe a flora that is over

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McKenna, Duane D., Andrea S. Sequeira, Adriana E. Marvaldi, and Brian D. Farrell. "Temporal lags and overlap in the diversification of weevils and flowering plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 17 (2009): 7083–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810618106.

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The extraordinary diversity of herbivorous beetles is usually attributed to coevolution with angiosperms. However, the degree and nature of contemporaneity in beetle and angiosperm diversification remain unclear. Here we present a large-scale molecular phylogeny for weevils (herbivorous beetles in the superfamily Curculionoidea), one of the most diverse lineages of insects, based on ≈8 kilobases of DNA sequence data from a worldwide sample including all families and subfamilies. Estimated divergence times derived from the combined molecular and fossil data indicate diversification into most fa

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Monga, Priyanka, Gaurav Srivastava, Madhav Kumar, and R. C. Mehrotra. "Further palynological investigation of coaliferous sequences of Tura Formation of Nangwalbibra, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya: inferences on palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate." Journal of Palaeosciences 63, no. (1-2) (2014): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2014.322.

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The coal and carbonaceous shales collected from the Tura Formation (late Palaeocene) of Nangwalbibra, East Garo Hills, Meghalaya, have been analysed for palynological study to deduce palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate. The palynoflora represented by pteridophytic spores and angiospermic pollen grains shows similarity with other contemporaneous deposits of the Garo, Khasi and Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya. The palynoassemblage dominated by angiosperms depicts subtropical to tropical vegetation during the late Palaeocene in the region. The fossil pollen grains show their similarity with modern plan

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Philippe, Marc, and Dmitri Gromyko. "The Putative Jurassic Angiosperm Wood Suevioxylon Zonatum Revisited." IAWA Journal 28, no. 1 (2007): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001622.

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As the phylogeny and evolution of angiosperms is being completely rewritten by molecular data, there is renewed interest in the earliest fossil record of the group. A putative Jurassic Angiosperm wood, Suevioxylon zonatum Kräusel is revisited. We reinvestigated the type material (specimen and five thin sections) with light microscopy and SEM. This reappraisal indicates that Suevioxylon zonatum is actually a poorly preserved softwood and not an angiosperm.

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17

Bao, Tong, Bo Wang, Jianguo Li, and David Dilcher. "Pollination of Cretaceous flowers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 49 (2019): 24707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1916186116.

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Insect pollination of flowering plants (angiosperms) is responsible for the majority of the world’s flowering plant diversity and is key to the Cretaceous radiation of angiosperms. Although both insects and angiosperms were common by the mid-Cretaceous, direct fossil evidence of insect pollination is lacking. Direct evidence of Cretaceous insect pollination is associated with insect-gymnosperm pollination. Here, we report a specialized beetle-angiosperm pollination mode from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (99 mega-annum [Ma]) in which a tumbling flower beetle (Mordellidae), Angimordella burmitin

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18

Biffin, Ed, Timothy J. Brodribb, Robert S. Hill, Philip Thomas, and Andrew J. Lowe. "Leaf evolution in Southern Hemisphere conifers tracks the angiosperm ecological radiation." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1727 (2011): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0559.

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The angiosperm radiation has been linked to sharp declines in gymnosperm diversity and the virtual elimination of conifers from the tropics. The conifer family Podocarpaceae stands as an exception with highest species diversity in wet equatorial forests. It has been hypothesized that efficient light harvesting by the highly flattened leaves of several podocarp genera facilitates persistence with canopy-forming angiosperms, and the angiosperm ecological radiation may have preferentially favoured the diversification of these lineages. To test these ideas, we develop a molecular phylogeny for Pod

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Boura, A., G. Saulnier, D. De Franceschi, et al. "An early record of a vesselless angiosperm from the middle Cenomanian of the Envigne valley (Vienne, Western France)." IAWA Journal 40, no. 3 (2019): 530–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-40190238.

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ABSTRACTThousands of silicified wood fragments were recently collected from the middle Cenomanian of Vienne in western France at less than 10 km away from a historical locality where in 1870 the French geologist Alphonse Le Touzé de Longuemar reported silicified wood. The plant assemblage is very diverse, and includes several species of ferns, conifers, and angiosperms. We describe and discuss the systematic affinities of a new vesselless angiosperm. Many of its characters are shared by extant and fossil Winteraceae. Nevertheless, the absence of uniseriate rays makes the anatomy of these speci

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Bechtel, Achim, and Doris Groß. "Insights into floral and climatic changes from biomarker and isotopic composition of land plant organic matter – A review." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 85, no. 1 (2024): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2024.85.1.67.

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Biomarkers and isotopic composition of coal and plant tissue enable insights into floral assemblage and paleoenvironment. Abundance, distribution, and d13C values of leaf wax lipids (i.e. n-alkanes) differ between angiosperm and gymnosperm plants. Terpenoid hydrocarbons are used to assess the contributions of gymnosperms versus angiosperms. The influence of varying contributions of angiosperms and gymnosperms on d13C of coal can be overcome by the analyses of fossil wood remains for their isotopic composition. Angiosperms and gymnosperms show similar H-isotope fractionation between n-alkanes a

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Jud, Nathan A., Michael D. D’Emic, Scott A. Williams, Josh C. Mathews, Katie M. Tremaine, and Janok Bhattacharya. "A new fossil assemblage shows that large angiosperm trees grew in North America by the Turonian (Late Cretaceous)." Science Advances 4, no. 9 (2018): eaar8568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aar8568.

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The diversification of flowering plants and marked turnover in vertebrate faunas during the mid-Cretaceous transformed terrestrial communities, but the transition is obscured by reduced terrestrial deposition attributable to high sea levels. We report a new fossil assemblage from multiple localities in the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation in Utah. The fossils date to the Turonian, a severely underrepresented interval in the terrestrial fossil record of North America. A large silicified log (maximum preserved diameter, 1.8 m; estimated height, ca. 50 m) is

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Wheeler, Elisabeth A., Peter K. Brown, and Allan J. Koch. "Late Paleocene woods from Cherokee Ranch, Colorado, U.S.A." Rocky Mountain Geology 54, no. 1 (2019): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24872/rmgjournal.54.1.33.

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ABSTRACT Fossil woods are common in the Late Cretaceous through early Eocene rocks of the Denver Basin, Colorado. The overwhelming majority of these woods are dicotyledonous angiosperms. A new locality for fossil woods, Cherokee Ranch, in the upper D1 stratigraphic sequence (Denver Formation) is described, and evidence for it being late Paleocene is reviewed. Most Cherokee Ranch woods resemble previously described Denver Basin angiosperm woods, but there is one new type of wood attributed to the family Lauraceae. A new genus, Ubiquitoxylon, is proposed for woods with the combination of feature

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Kinlaw, C. S., D. E. Harry, and R. R. Sederoff. "Isolation and characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase cDNAs from Pinusradiata." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 9 (1990): 1343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-178.

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Three alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) cDNAs were isolated from Pinusradiata. Two of the cDNAs appear to correspond to alleles of one ADH locus, and the third cDNA appears to correspond to a second ADH locus. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the coding region of ADH genes from the following species were compared: Pinusradiata, Zeamays, Hordeumvulgare, Triticumaestivum, Oryza sativa, Pisumsativum, and Arabidopsisthaliana. A phylogenetic tree was constructed of coding sequences of pine and angiosperm ADH genes. This tree shows three plant ADH clusters: monocot, dicot, and pine. The distance bet

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Hochuli, Peter A., and Susanne Feist-Burkhardt. "A boreal early cradle of Angiosperms? Angiosperm-like pollen from the Middle Triassic of the Barents Sea (Norway)." Journal of Micropalaeontology 23, no. 2 (2004): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.23.2.97.

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Abstract. The origin of flowering plants is still a matter of dispute. Several lines of evidence suggest that their origin may go back to the Triassic. This paper reports on pollen grains with angiosperm-like morphologies from marine Middle Triassic sediments of the Boreal Realm (Norwegian Arctic, Barents Sea area). The morphology of these pollen grains is comparable to forms recorded from the Early Cretaceous, which are generally attributed to angiosperms. The new finds of angiosperm-like pollen are the earliest in the fossil record so far and show an astonishing high diversity. In contrast t

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Sharma, B. D., D. R. Bohra, and O. P. Suthar. "Some interesting plant fossils from the Mesozoic of the Rajmahal Hills, India." Journal of Palaeosciences 50, no. (1-3) (2001): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2001.1823.

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Description is given of some interesting plant fossils preserved as petrifactions in the Rajmahal Hills, Jharkhand. These are either new and reponed for the first time or an additional information is given on already known earlier description. The fossil taxa belong to algae, lichen, gymnosperms and angiosperms.

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Kvaček, Jiří, and Jakub Sakala. "Late Cretaceous flora of James Ross Island (Antarctica) – preliminary report." Czech Polar Reports 1, no. 2 (2011): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2011-2-9.

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Fossil plants from Late Cretaceous strata (Hidden Lake Formation and Santa Marta Formation) of James Ross Basin exposed in the northern part of the James Ross Island are preliminary described. Both formations contain plant mega fossils, petrified wood, and charcoalified mesofossils. Fossil plants from the Hidden Lake Formation are represented by leaf impressions of pteridophytes (Microphyllopteris, Delosorus, Lygodium), conifers (Elatocladus, Brachyphyllum, Pagiophyllum, Araucaria, Podozamites vel Lindleycladus), Bennettitales vel Cycadales (Zamites vel Dioonites sp.) and angiosperms (Cinnamom

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Lupia, Richard, Scott Lidgard, and Peter R. Crane. "Comparing palynological abundance and diversity: implications for biotic replacement during the Cretaceous angiosperm radiation." Paleobiology 25, no. 3 (1999): 305–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730002131x.

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The Cretaceous radiation of angiosperms initiated a major reorganization of terrestrial plant communities as dominance by pteridophytic and gymnospermic groups eventually gave way to dominance by angiosperms. Previously, patterns of biotic replacement have been assessed using measures based on taxonomic diversity data. However, using measures of both abundance and diversity to investigate replacement patterns provides more information about macroecological change in the fossil record than either can provide alone. Analyses of an updated and expanded database of North American palynological sam

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Masterson, Jane. "The geological history of polyploidy in woody angiosperms." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200007632.

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Polyploidy, the condition where an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes, is a common and important evolutionary phenomenon in flowering plants (angiosperms). Estimates of the percentage of angiosperms (approximately 250-300,000 living species) derived from polyploids range from 47-90%. The historical development of polyploidy is currently very poorly understood and whether polyploidy is a major causal factor in angiosperm diversification is widely debated.Many questions about the base chromosome number of angiosperms (important for establishing the extent of polyploidy) and

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Condamine, Fabien L., Daniele Silvestro, Eva B. Koppelhus, and Alexandre Antonelli. "The rise of angiosperms pushed conifers to decline during global cooling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 46 (2020): 28867–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2005571117.

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Competition among species and entire clades can impact species diversification and extinction, which can shape macroevolutionary patterns. The fossil record shows successive biotic turnovers such that a dominant group is replaced by another. One striking example involves the decline of gymnosperms and the rapid diversification and ecological dominance of angiosperms in the Cretaceous. It is generally believed that angiosperms outcompeted gymnosperms, but the macroevolutionary processes and alternative drivers explaining this pattern remain elusive. Using extant time trees and vetted fossil occ

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Sakala, Jakub, and Radek Vodrážka. "A new species of Antarctoxylon: a contribution to the early angiosperm ecosystem of Antarctica during the late Cretaceous." Antarctic Science 26, no. 4 (2013): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410201300076x.

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AbstractA new species of Antarctoxylon is described from the Coniacian Hidden Lake Formation of James Ross Island as A. mixai Sakala, sp. nov. This angiosperm fossil wood shows a unique combination of features in having indistinct growth ring boundaries, scalariform perforation plates with about 30 bars and rays both narrow (1–6-seriate) and very wide (up to 18-seriate). Its systematic affinities and exact living relative at the specific, generic or even familial level cannot be specified. Along with Weinmannioxylon nordenskjoeldii from James Ross Island and the angiosperm woods from the Willi

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Heřmanová, Zuzana, Jiří Kvaček, and Else Marie Friis. "Plant mesofossils from the Late Cretaceous Klikov Formation, the Czech Republic." Fossil Imprint 77, no. 2 (2021): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2021.018.

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Late Cretaceous mesofossils are described from the Zliv-Řídká Blana locality in the South Bohemian Basins, the Czech Republic. Angiosperm remains dominate the fossil assemblage both in terms of taxonomic diversity and quantitatively, with about 65 different species based on about 1,000 specimens of flowers, fruits and seeds. There are surprisingly few nonangiosperm species in the flora, with only four specimens assigned to bryophytes, ferns and conifers. There are no megaspores of Selaginellales or Salviniales, which are otherwise common in many Cretaceous mesofossil floras. Among angiosperms,

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Friis, Else Marie, Peter R. Crane, and Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen. "Multiparted, apocarpous flowers from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America and Portugal." Fossil Imprint 76, no. 2 (2020): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2020.023.

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Three new genera, Atlantocarpus, Lambertiflora and Mugideiriflora, are described from the Early Cretaceous of North America and Portugal based on floral structures with multicarpellate and apocarpous gynoecia that have been studied using scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy. Lambertiflora and Mugideiriflora have numerous perianth parts in several series, as well as many stamens and many carpels borne on a short conical receptacle. Atlantocarpus has many carpels arranged spirally on an elongated receptacle. Perianth and stamens are not preserved in

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Gomez, Bernard, Véronique Daviero-Gomez, Clément Coiffard, Carles Martín-Closas, and David L. Dilcher. "Montsechia, an ancient aquatic angiosperm." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 35 (2015): 10985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509241112.

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The early diversification of angiosperms in diverse ecological niches is poorly understood. Some have proposed an origin in a darkened forest habitat and others an open aquatic or near aquatic habitat. The research presented here centers on Montsechia vidalii, first recovered from lithographic limestone deposits in the Pyrenees of Spain more than 100 y ago. This fossil material has been poorly understood and misinterpreted in the past. Now, based upon the study of more than 1,000 carefully prepared specimens, a detailed analysis of Montsechia is presented. The morphology and anatomy of the pla

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Near, Thomas J., and Michael J. Sanderson. "Assessing the quality of molecular divergence time estimates by fossil calibrations and fossil–based model selection." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1450 (2004): 1477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1523.

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Estimates of species divergence times using DNA sequence data are playing an increasingly important role in studies of evolution, ecology and biogeography. Most work has centred on obtaining appropriate kinds of data and developing optimal estimation procedures, whereas somewhat less attention has focused on the calibration of divergences using fossils. Case studies with multiple fossil calibration points provide important opportunities to examine the divergence time estimation problem in new ways. We discuss two cross–validation procedures that address different aspects of inference in diverg

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Zhi–chen, Song, Wang Wei–ming, and Huang Fei. "Fossil Pollen Records of Extant Angiosperms in China." Botanical Review 70, no. 4 (2004): 425–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0006-8101(2004)070[0425:fproea]2.0.co;2.

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Gottschling, M., and H. H. Hilger. "First fossil record of transfer cells in angiosperms." American Journal of Botany 90, no. 6 (2003): 957–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3732/ajb.90.6.957.

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Ahrens, Dirk, Julia Schwarzer, and Alfried P. Vogler. "The evolution of scarab beetles tracks the sequential rise of angiosperms and mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1791 (2014): 20141470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1470.

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Extant terrestrial biodiversity arguably is driven by the evolutionary success of angiosperm plants, but the evolutionary mechanisms and timescales of angiosperm-dependent radiations remain poorly understood. The Scarabaeoidea is a diverse lineage of predominantly plant- and dung-feeding beetles. Here, we present a phylogenetic analysis of Scarabaeoidea based on four DNA markers for a taxonomically comprehensive set of specimens and link it to recently described fossil evidence. The phylogeny strongly supports multiple origins of coprophagy, phytophagy and anthophagy. The ingroup-based fossil

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Sgorbati, Sergio, Marco D'Antraccoli, Sandra Citterio, Rodolfo Gentili, and Lorenzo Peruzzi. "Was Charles Darwin right in his explanation of the ‘abominable mystery’?" Italian Botanist 5 (March 13, 2018): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/ib.5.24699.

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The site and time of origin of angiosperms are still debated. The co-occurrence of many of the early branching lineages of flowering plants in a region somewhere between Australia and the SW Pacific islands suggests a possible Gondwanan origin of angiosperms. The recent recognition of Zealandia, a 94% submerged continent in the east of Australia, could explain the discrepancy between molecular clocks and fossil records about the age of angiosperms, supporting the old Darwinian hypothesis of a “lost continent” to explain the “abominable mystery” regarding the origin and rapid radiation of flowe

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Sgorbati, Sergio, Marco D'Antraccoli, Sandra Citterio, Rodolfo Gentili, and Lorenzo Peruzzi. "Was Charles Darwin right in his explanation of the ‘abominable mystery’?" Italian Botanist 5 (March 13, 2018): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.5.24699.

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The site and time of origin of angiosperms are still debated. The co-occurrence of many of the early branching lineages of flowering plants in a region somewhere between Australia and the SW Pacific islands suggests a possible Gondwanan origin of angiosperms. The recent recognition of Zealandia, a 94% submerged continent in the east of Australia, could explain the discrepancy between molecular clocks and fossil records about the age of angiosperms, supporting the old Darwinian hypothesis of a “lost continent” to explain the “abominable mystery” regarding the origin and rapid radiation of flowe

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Shields, Oakley. "The origin and initial radiation of angiosperms In relation to anthophytes." Journal of Palaeosciences 42, no. 1-3 (1993): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1993.1142.

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Autapomorphics indicate the angiosperms form a monophyletic group. Analysis of Aptian-Cenomanian macrofossils establishes that Chloranthaceae holds a central position in the initial radiation of dicots. While Palmae was basal to monocot initial radiation in the Maastrichtian. By tracing their fossil pollen back in time, two lines probably arose from two different species of Monocrinopollis (Crinopolles Group) in the Norian (Upper Triassic) The Crinopolles Group were extinct angiosperms that evolved directly from Steevesipollenites (Gnetales). The origin and initial radiation of angiosperms occ

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Crepet, William L. "The Fossil Record of Angiosperms: Requiem or Renaissance?1." Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 95, no. 1 (2008): 3–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2007065.

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Doyle, James A. "Molecular and Fossil Evidence on the Origin of Angiosperms." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 40, no. 1 (2012): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-042711-105313.

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Pant, D. D., and Rita Singh. "Possible fossil sporae dispersae of hepaticae and anthocerotales in the fossil records." Journal of Palaeosciences 39, no. (1-3) (1990): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.1990.1679.

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The paper attempts to find the characters which can distinguish the spores of Hepaticae and Anthocerotales from iso- or micro-spores of pteridophytes and pollen grains of gymnosperms and angiosperms for the identification of possible fossil Sporae dispersae of bryophytes reported from different geological horizons. The problem was approached by looking for characters in fossil spores which are (i) exclusively bryophytic, (ii) prevailingly bryophytic, and (iii) closely matching characters of in situ spores of fossil bryophytes in a first-hand comparison. Our account also takes into consideratio

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Doweld, Alexander B. "Boreocarya and Globocarya, new names in the extinct Juglandaceae of Northern Eurasia." Acta Palaeobotanica 56, no. 2 (2016): 519–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acpa-2016-0010.

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Abstract Sphaerocarya Dorofeev 1970, being a junior homonym of extant angiosperms Sphaerocarya Wallich 1827 (Santalaceae) and Sphaerocarya Dalzell ex de Candolle 1857 (Olacaceae), is replaced by a new name, Globocarya Doweld nom. nov. (fossil Juglandaceae). The aberrant fossil species Sphaerocarya uralensis Dorofeev is re-classified and segregated into a new distinct genus, Boreocarya Doweld, gen. nov.

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LIMA, FLAVIANA J. DE, ANTÔNIO A. F. SARAIVA, MARIA A. P. DA SILVA, RENAN A. M. BANTIM, and JULIANA M. SAYÃO. "A new angiosperm from the Crato Formation (Araripe Basin, Brazil) and comments on the Early Cretaceous Monocotyledons." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 86, no. 4 (2014): 1657–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420140339.

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The Crato Formation paleoflora is one of the few equatorial floras of the Early Cretaceous. It is diverse, with many angiosperms, especially representatives of the clades magnoliids, monocotyledons and eudicots, which confirms the assumption that angiosperm diversity during the last part of the Early Cretaceous was reasonably high. The morphology of a new fossil monocot is studied and compared to all other Smilacaceae genus, especially in the venation. Cratosmilax jacksoni gen. et sp. nov. can be related to the Smilacaceae family, becoming the oldest record of the family so far. Cratosmilax ja

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Nunes, Cristina I., Roberto R. Pujana, Ignacio H. Escapa, María A. Gandolfo, and N. Rubén Cúneo. "A new species of Carlquistoxylon from the Early Cretaceous of Patagonia (Chubut province, Argentina): the oldest record of angiosperm wood from South America." IAWA Journal 39, no. 4 (2018): 406–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170206.

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ABSTRACTAn angiospermous wood from the Lower Cretaceous (upper Albian) of the Cerro Barcino Formation, Chubut Group, central Patagonia, Argentina, is described. Its estimated minimum diameter is 40 cm and it is significant as the oldest known angiosperm wood for South America.It has indistinct growth ring boundaries, vessels solitary and in radial multiples, simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, vessel-ray parenchyma pits oval to horizontally elongated, heterocellular rays, non-septate fibres, axial parenchyma absent, and abundant tyloses. Because this Albian wood has non-sept

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Guleria, J. S., R. K. Hemanta Singh, R. C. Mehrotra, I. Soibam, and Rajkumar Kishor. "Palaeogene plant fossils of Manipur and their palaeoecological significance." Journal of Palaeosciences 54, no. (1-3) (2005): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2005.69.

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The paper describes for the first time some Palaeogene plant fossils from Manipur, Northeast India. The fossils were recovered from the late Eocene and early Oligocene sediments in the vicinity of the boundary of the Disang and Barail Groups of rocks of the Imphal Valley and its adjoining areas. All the fossils belong to Angiosperms and represent monocots and dicots. The assemblage consists of mainly dicotyledonous leaves, two types of palm leaves, a fruiting shoot, a leguminous fruit and a bark. The fossil leaves show a rich morphological diversity and indicate the existence of warm and humid

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Agarwal, A. "Angiospermous fossil fruits/seeds during Tertiary in India." Journal of Palaeosciences 57, no. (1-3) (2008): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2008.234.

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A number of fossil fruits/seeds are known from the different Tertiary sediments in India ranging from the Maastrichtian-Danian (Palaeocene) to the Pliocene-Pleistocene. Present account embodies the listing of some well-known fossil fruits/seeds from the Indian Tertiary and an attempt has been made to throw light on their palaeoecological, palaeophytogeographical and the evolutionary significance. Most of the known monocot fossils belong particularly to the family Arecaceae from the Maastrichtian-Danian Deccan Intertrappean beds of India. In the dicots, quite a few fossil fruits/seeds of family

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Boyce, C. Kevin. "The Fossil Record of Plant Physiology and Development—What Leaves Can Tell Us." Paleontological Society Papers 14 (October 2008): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001650.

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Plants provide unmatched opportunities to evaluate long debated evolutionary patterns in terms of the detailed biology of the fossil organisms. Leaves serve here as an example of how those advantages can be exploited. Over the history of vascular plants, three important transitions in leaf evolution—the origin of laminate leaves, the progressive loss of seed plant morphological diversity, and the evolution of more angiosperm-like leaves—also represent major shifts in leaf development and physiology. These transitions often occurred in parallel in different lineages, such as the evolution of ma

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Coiro, Mario, Guillaume Chomicki, and James A. Doyle. "Experimental signal dissection and method sensitivity analyses reaffirm the potential of fossils and morphology in the resolution of the relationship of angiosperms and Gnetales." Paleobiology 44, no. 3 (2018): 490–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2018.23.

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AbstractThe placement of angiosperms and Gnetales in seed plant phylogeny remains one of the most enigmatic problems in plant evolution, with morphological analyses (which have usually included fossils) and molecular analyses pointing to very distinct topologies. Almost all morphology-based phylogenies group angiosperms with Gnetales and certain extinct seed plant lineages, while most molecular phylogenies link Gnetales with conifers. In this study, we investigate the phylogenetic signal present in published seed plant morphological data sets. We use parsimony, Bayesian inference, and maximum-

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