Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fossil Bryophytes

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fossil Bryophytes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fossil Bryophytes"

1

Tomescu, Alexandru M. F. "The Early Cretaceous Apple Bay flora of Vancouver Island: a hotspot of fossil bryophyte diversity." Botany 94, no. 9 (September 2016): 683–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0054.

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The pre-Cenozoic bryophyte fossil record is significantly sparser than that of vascular plants or Cenozoic bryophytes. This situation has been traditionally attributed to a hypothesized low preservation potential of the plants. However, instances of excellent pre-Cenozoic bryophyte preservation and the results of experiments simulating fossilization contradict this traditional interpretation, suggesting that bryophytes have good preservation potential. Studies of an anatomically preserved Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) plant fossil assemblage on Vancouver Island (British Columbia), at Apple Bay, focusing on the cryptogamic flora, have revealed an abundant bryophyte component. The Apple Bay flora hosts one of the most diverse bryophyte assemblages worldwide, with at least nine distinct moss types (polytrichaceous, leucobryaceous, tricostate), one complex thalloid liverwort, and two other thalloid plants (representing bryophyte or pteridophyte gametophytes), which contribute a significant fraction of biodiversity to the pre-Cenozoic fossil record of bryophytes. These results (i) corroborate previous observations and studies, indicating that the preservation potential of bryophytes is much better than traditionally thought; (ii) indicate that the bryophyte fossil record is incompletely explored and many more bryophyte fossils are hidden in the rock record, awaiting discovery; and (iii) suggest that the paucity of the pre-Cenozoic bryophyte fossil record is primarily a reflection of inadequate paleobryological capacity.
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2

Edwards, Dianne. "The role of Mid-Palaeozoic mesofossils in the detection of early bryophytes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1398 (June 29, 2000): 733–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0613.

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Recently discovered Silurian and Devonian coalified mesofossils provide an additional source of data on early embryophytes. Those reviewed in this paper are considered of some relevance to understanding the early history of bryophytes while highlighting the difficulties of recognizing bryophytes in often very fragmentary fossils. The first group comprises sporophytes in which terminal sporangia contain permanent dyads and tetrads. Such spores (cryptospores) are similar to those found dispersed in older Ordovician and Silurian strata, when they are considered evidence for a land vegetation of embryophytes at a bryophyte grade. The phylogenetic significance of plants, where the axes associated with both dyadand tetrad–containing sporangia are branching, a character state not found in extant bryophytes, is discussed. The second group comprises axial fossils, many with occasional stomata, in which central conducting strands include G–type tracheids and a number of novel types of elongate elements not readily compared with those of any tracheophyte. They include smooth–walled, evenly thickened elongate elements as well as those with numerous branching +/− anastomosing projections into the lumen. Some of the latter bear an additional microporate layer, but the homogenized lateral walls between adjacent cells are never perforate. Such cells, which occur in various combinations in central strands, are compared with the leptoids and hydroids of mosses, hydroids of liverworts and presumed water–conducting cells in coeval Lower Devonian plants such as Aglaophyton . It is concluded that lack of information on the chemistry of their walls hampers sensible assessment of their functions and the affinities of the plants. Finally, a minute fossil, comprising an elongate sporangium in which a central cylindrical cavity containing spores and possible elaters terminates in a complex poral dehiscence apparatus, is used to exemplify problems of identifying early bryophytes. It is concluded that further progress necessitates the discovery of pre–Upper Silurian fossils with well–preserved anatomy, as well as a re–evaluation of criteria used to assess existing and new Devonian fossils for bryophyte affinity.
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Moisan, Philippe, Sebastian Voigt, Jörg W. Schneider, and Hans Kerp. "New fossil bryophytes from the Triassic Madygen Lagerstätte (SW Kyrgyzstan)." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 187 (November 2012): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.009.

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4

Su, Danyan, Lingxiao Yang, Xuan Shi, Xiaoya Ma, Xiaofan Zhou, S. Blair Hedges, and Bojian Zhong. "Large-Scale Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal the Monophyly of Bryophytes and Neoproterozoic Origin of Land Plants." Molecular Biology and Evolution 38, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 3332–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab106.

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Abstract The relationships among the four major embryophyte lineages (mosses, liverworts, hornworts, vascular plants) and the timing of the origin of land plants are enigmatic problems in plant evolution. Here, we resolve the monophyly of bryophytes by improving taxon sampling of hornworts and eliminating the effect of synonymous substitutions. We then estimate the divergence time of crown embryophytes based on three fossil calibration strategies, and reveal that maximum calibration constraints have a major effect on estimating the time of origin of land plants. Moreover, comparison of priors and posteriors provides a guide for evaluating the optimal calibration strategy. By considering the reliability of fossil calibrations and the influences of molecular data, we estimate that land plants originated in the Precambrian (980–682 Ma), much older than widely recognized. Our study highlights the important contribution of molecular data when faced with contentious fossil evidence, and that fossil calibrations used in estimating the timescale of plant evolution require critical scrutiny.
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5

Morris, Jennifer L., Mark N. Puttick, James W. Clark, Dianne Edwards, Paul Kenrick, Silvia Pressel, Charles H. Wellman, Ziheng Yang, Harald Schneider, and Philip C. J. Donoghue. "The timescale of early land plant evolution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 10 (February 20, 2018): E2274—E2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719588115.

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Establishing the timescale of early land plant evolution is essential for testing hypotheses on the coevolution of land plants and Earth’s System. The sparseness of early land plant megafossils and stratigraphic controls on their distribution make the fossil record an unreliable guide, leaving only the molecular clock. However, the application of molecular clock methodology is challenged by the current impasse in attempts to resolve the evolutionary relationships among the living bryophytes and tracheophytes. Here, we establish a timescale for early land plant evolution that integrates over topological uncertainty by exploring the impact of competing hypotheses on bryophyte−tracheophyte relationships, among other variables, on divergence time estimation. We codify 37 fossil calibrations for Viridiplantae following best practice. We apply these calibrations in a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis of a phylogenomic dataset encompassing the diversity of Embryophyta and their relatives within Viridiplantae. Topology and dataset sizes have little impact on age estimates, with greater differences among alternative clock models and calibration strategies. For all analyses, a Cambrian origin of Embryophyta is recovered with highest probability. The estimated ages for crown tracheophytes range from Late Ordovician to late Silurian. This timescale implies an early establishment of terrestrial ecosystems by land plants that is in close accord with recent estimates for the origin of terrestrial animal lineages. Biogeochemical models that are constrained by the fossil record of early land plants, or attempt to explain their impact, must consider the implications of a much earlier, middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician, origin.
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6

Mendes, Mário Miguel, France Polette, Pedro P. Cunha, Pedro Dinis, and David J. Batten. "A new Hauterivian palynoflora from the Vale Cortiço site (central Portugal), and its palaeoecological implications for western Iberia." Acta Palaeobotanica 59, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2019-0010.

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Abstract Palynofloral assemblages are an invaluable source of information about the interactions between fossil plants and their environments. Here we describe a new Early Cretaceous palynoflora from the Lusitanian Basin in the Estremadura region of central western Portugal. A palynological assemblage of 28 genera and 40 species was extracted from 14 samples collected in the Vale Cortiço clay pit complex near the small village of Ameal (Torres Vedras Municipality). The source is a dark grey mudstone layer belonging to the lower part of the Santa Susana Formation, which is considered to be of early Hauterivian age. The palynoflora is dominated by fern spores and gymnosperm pollen. Bryophyte and lycophyte palynomorphs are also present but subordinate. Angiosperm pollen and algal or dinoflagellate cysts were not recognised in the studied samples. The palynological assemblage represents mixed conifer forest with the ground cover and understorey vegetation dominated by ferns, with patchy occurrences of bryophytes and lycophytes. A riverine environment with surrounding vegetation of open woodland and ground cover primarily of ferns is strongly indicated for the region.
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7

Wellman, Charles H., and Jane Gray. "The microfossil record of early land plants." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1398 (June 29, 2000): 717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0612.

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Dispersed microfossils (spores and phytodebris) provide the earliest evidence for land plants. They are first reported from the Llanvirn (Mid–Ordovician). More or less identical assemblages occur from the Llanvirn (Mid–Ordovician) to the late Llandovery (Early Silurian), suggesting a period of relative stasis some 40 Myr in duration. Various lines of evidence suggest that these early dispersed microfossils derive from parent plants that were bryophyte–like if not in fact bryophytes. In the late Llandovery (late Early Silurian) there was a major change in the nature of dispersed spore assemblages as the separated products of dyads (hilate monads) and tetrads (trilete spores) became relatively abundant. The inception of trilete spores probably represents the appearance of vascular plants or their immediate progenitors. A little later in time, in the Wenlock (early Late Silurian), the earliest unequivocal land plant megafossils occur. They are represented by rhyniophytoids. It is only from the Late Silurian onwards that the microfossil / megafossil record can be integrated and utilized in interpretation of the flora. Dispersed microfossils are preserved in vast numbers, in a variety of environments, and have a reasonable spatial and temporal fossil record. The fossil record of plant megafossils by comparison is poor and biased, with only a dozen or so known pre–Devonian assemblages. In this paper, the early land plant microfossil record, and its interpretation, are reviewed. New discoveries, novel techniques and fresh lines of inquiry are outlined and discussed.
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8

Heinrichs, Jochen, Dale H. Vitt, Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp, Eugenio Ragazzi, Giovanni Marzaro, David A. Grimaldi, Paul C. Nascimbene, Kathrin Feldberg, and Alexander R. Schmidt. "The Moss Macromitrium Richardii (Orthotrichaceae) with Sporophyte and Calyptra Enclosed in Hymenaea Resin from the Dominican Republic." Polish Botanical Journal 58, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pbj-2013-0022.

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Abstract Dominican amber is an important source for Early Miocene bryophytes. We report the moss Macromitrium richardii Schwägr., an extant representative of the Orthotrichaceae, from the Dominican amber collection of the American Museum of Natural History. This species is currently a widespread Neotropical epiphyte. The specimen includes several gametophytes and sporophytes, and represents the first fossil record of Orthotrichaceae. Alongside the Macromitrium shoots we observed several fragments of the liverworts Cheilolejeunea antiqua and Frullania sp. The unusual thermal behavior of the resin sample initially led to doubts about the Miocene age of the specimen, but chemical analyses of the Hymenaea resin provides evidence that the specimen represents a highly oxidized sample of Miocene Dominican amber rather than an artificially thermally-treated subfossil resin (copal). Our inclusion demonstrates the exceptional preservation potential of tree resin, but our observations also suggest that provenance (including any possibility that a modern resin has been thermally treated to make it appear older) should be scrutinized when single pieces with atypical thermal behavior and exceptionally well-preserved extant morphotypes come to light.
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9

France, Hazel. "A Survey of Bryophytes and their Management in the Ferns and Fossils House at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh." Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture, no. 17 (February 5, 2019): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/sibbaldia.2019.266.

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This paper is derived from a research project produced during the author’s studies for a BSc in Horticulture with Plantsmanship at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE). The body of work represents findings from a floristic survey of naturally occurring bryophytes in the Ferns and Fossils House at RBGE. This site merited close study due to the known presence of at least two southern hemisphere species along with many native species. Horticultural staff were interviewed about current bryophyte management within glasshouse displays. Recommendations are made for raising the status of bryophytes in botanic gardens and expanding the scope of living collections. This report includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, survey results, interview summary and conclusion.
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10

Frahm, Jan-Peter. "An evaluation of the bryophyte flora of the Azores." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 26, no. 1 (August 12, 2005): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.26.1.12.

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The diversity of bryophytes on the different islands of the Azores varies much between 104 and 324 species. Attempts have been made to explain the heterogenity of the bryoflora. There is a correlation between species numbers and age of the islands in the way that the youngest islands (Pico) has the lowest species numbers in spite of the fact that it is the highest island. The species numbers of the other islands are correlated with the maximum elevation and with the size of the islands. The liverwort-moss ratio varies between 1.21 and 1.67 and shows a distinct humidity gradient between the islands. The floristic affinities between the islands are calculated by a cluster analysis. They show no correlation with the location of the islands (nearest neighbour), size, age, elevation or species numbers, which indicates that the species composition is mainly determined by chance. Ten species (2,3%) are endemic to the Azores and 14 species (including one genus) are endemic to the Macaronesian Islands. Some of the endemics are questionable, others may occur elsewhere in the tropics under a different name, but there is fossil prove that the others are relicts from the Tertiary which survived extinction during Quaternary in Europe.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fossil Bryophytes"

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Fletcher, Benjamin James. "Environmental controls on the carbon isotope fractionation of bryophytes, and its significance for interpreting their fossil record." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434537.

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Romero, Sarmiento Maria Fernanda. "Contribution of molecular biomarkers to the knowledge of terrestrial plants development during the Palaeozoic." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10041/document.

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Le contenu en biomarqueurs aliphatiques et aromatiques de sédiments d’origine terrestre et marine de l’Ordovicien supérieur au Carbonifère inferieur a été comparé aux assemblages de palynomorphes (acritarches, prasinophytes, chitinozoaires, cryptospores, spores trilètes et mégaspores) afin de contribuer à la connaissance de l’évolution des plantes terrestres au cours du Paléozoïque. Cette étude est donc basée sur les biomarqueurs d’origine terrestre et leur attribution à une espèce de plantes. L’enregistrement des biomarqueurs dans les successions clastiques du Silurien moyen – Dévonien inferieur de Tunisie méridionale, dans le basin de Ghadamis (Gondwana) révèle la présence de rétène, cadalène, kaurane, norabiétane, tetrahydroretene, C19 isohexylalkylnaphthalene et simonellite. Les premières bryophytes et les trachéophytes du Paléozoïque (par exemple Cooksonia, lycophytes et zosterophylles) peuvent donc être considérés comme de potentiels précurseurs pour le rétène et ses composés moléculaires associés dans les sédiments du Silurien Moyen au Dévonien Inférieur. En contrepartie, la flore du Carbonifère inferieur formée principalement de lycopodes arborescents, sphenopsides et pteridospermes est proposée comme une possible source pour le phyllocladane, abiétane, ent-béyerane, bisnorsimonellite, totarane diaromatique,sempervirane diaromatique et 2-méthylrétène dans les dépôts de charbon du Carbonifère inférieur (Viséan) de Dunbar (Est Lothian, Ecosse). Parmi les autres biomarqueurs identifiés dans nos échantillons, ionène, alkyldibenzofuranes, pérylène et les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAPs) dérivés de combustion indiquent la contribution de pollens, lichens, champignons et végétation carbonisée, respectivement. La plupart des biomarqueurs identifiés ici ont été généralement associées aux conifères, qui ne se sont développés qu’après le Carbonifère supérieur. Il apparait donc que ces composés sont également caractéristiques des premières plantes terrestres
The aliphatic and aromatic biomarker content from terrestrial and marine sediments of Late Ordovician to Early Carboniferous age have been related to their palynomorph assemblages (e.g. acritarchs, prasinophytes, chitinozoans, cryptospores, trilete spores and megaspores) in order to contribute to the knowledge of land plant evolution during the Palaeozoic. This investigation is therefore focused on the land-derived biomarkers and their attributions to specific kind of plants. The biomarker record of middle Silurian – lower Devonian sediments from southern Tunisia, Ghadamis Basin (Gondwana) reveals the presence of retene, cadalene, kaurane, norabietane, tetrahydroretene, C19 isohexylalkylnaphthalene and simonellite. The early Palaeozoic bryophytes and tracheophytes (e.g. Cooksonia, lycophytes and zosterophylls) may therefore be considered as potential precursors for retene and its related molecular compounds in sediments of Middle Silurian to Early Devonian age. In contrast, the Early Carboniferous flora formed by arborescent lycopods, sphenopsids and pteridosperms have been suggested here as apossible terrestrial source for phyllocladane, abietane, ent-beyerane, bisnorsimonellite, diaromatic totarane, diaromatic sempervirane and 2-methylretene in the Lower Carboniferous (Viséan) coal deposits at Dunbar (East Lothian, Scotland). Among the other biomarkers detected in our samples, ionene, alkyldibenzofurans, perylene and combustion-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicate pollen, lichens, fungi and vegetation fire contributions, respectively. Most of the biomarkers identified here had been so far generally associated to conifers, though conifers only evolved during Late Carboniferous. Thesecompounds therefore are also characteristic of early land plants
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Books on the topic "Fossil Bryophytes"

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Dijkstra, S. J. Psilophyta et Bryophyta pro parte (incl. Palaeophyllales, Barinophytales, Thallophytales) et plantae incertae sedis. Leiden: Backhuys Publishers, 1997.

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2

The bryophytes of the Palaeozoic and the Mesozoic. Berlin: J. Cramer, 1987.

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3

Lévesque, P. E. M. Guide to the identification of plant macrofossils in Canadian peatlands. Ottawa, Ont: Land Resource Research Centre, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1988.

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4

Oostendorp, Cora. The Bryophytes of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic (Bryophytorum Bibliotheca, Vol 34) (Bryophytorum Bibliotheca, Vol 34). Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fossil Bryophytes"

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TAYLOR, T. "Hornworts and Bryophytes." In Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, 161–77. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-373972-8.00005-x.

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Tomescu, Alexandru M. F., Benjamin Bomfleur, Alexander C. Bippus, and Adolfina Savoretti. "Why Are Bryophytes So Rare in the Fossil Record? A Spotlight on Taphonomy and Fossil Preservation." In Transformative Paleobotany, 375–416. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813012-4.00016-4.

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