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Girling, Maureen A., and James Greig. "A first fossil record for Scolytus scolytus (F.) (elm bark beetle): its occurrence in elm decline deposits from London and the implications for neolithic elm disease." Journal of Archaeological Science 12, no. 5 (September 1985): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(85)90063-9.
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Ibarra, David, Raquel Martín-Sampedro, Laura Jiménez-López, Juan A. Martín, Manuel J. Díaz, and María E. Eugenio. "Obtaining Fermentable Sugars from a Highly Productive Elm Clone Using Different Pretreatments." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092415.
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The interest of supplying lignocellulosic materials for producing fermentable sugars has recently emerged in order to diminish the negative environmental effects of fossil fuels. In this study, the Ulmus minor clone Ademuz, characterized for its tolerance to Dutch elm disease and its rapid growth, was evaluated as a source of fermentable sugars. For that, different pretreatments, comprising autohydrolysis, dilute acid hydrolysis, acid catalyzed organosolv, and alkaline extraction, were evaluated at two levels of severity (pretreatment temperatures at 160 °C and 180 °C, except for alkaline extraction at 80 °C and 160 °C); and the resulting pretreated materials were enzymatically hydrolyzed for fermentable sugars production. The major extraction of lignin and hemicellulose was achieved during organosolv (48.9%, lignin; 77.9%, hemicellulose) and acid hydrolysis (39.2%, lignin; 95.0%, hemicellulose) at 180 °C, resulting in the major enzymatic digestibility (67.7%, organosolv; 53.5% acid hydrolysis). Contrarily, under the most favorable conditions for autohydrolysis (180 °C) and alkaline extraction (160 °C), lower extraction of lignin and hemicellulose was produced (4.8%, lignin; 67.2%, hemicellulose, autohydrolysis; 22.6%, lignin; 33.1%, hemicellulose, alkaline extraction), leading to lower enzymatic digestibility (32.1%, autohydrolysis; 39.2%, alkaline extraction). Taking into account the sugars produced during enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated materials and the solubilized sugars from pretreatment liquors, the highest sugars (glucose and xylose) yield production (28.1%) per gram of biomass from U. minor clone Ademuz was achieved with acid catalyzed organosolv at 180 °C.
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Li, Menglu, Wei Wang, Gejirifu De, Xionghua Ji, and Zhongfu Tan. "Forecasting Carbon Emissions Related to Energy Consumption in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region Based on Grey Prediction Theory and Extreme Learning Machine Optimized by Support Vector Machine Algorithm." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092475.
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Carbon emissions and environmental protection issues have brought pressure from the international community during Chinese economic development. Recently, Chinese Government announced that carbon emissions per unit of GDP would fall by 60–65% compared with 2005 and non-fossil fuel energy would account for 20% of primary energy consumption by 2030. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is an important regional energy consumption center in China, and its energy structure is typically coal-based which is similar to the whole country. Therefore, forecasting energy consumption related carbon emissions is of great significance to emissions reduction and upgrading of energy supply in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Thus, this study thoroughly analyzed the main energy sources of carbon emissions including coal, petrol, natural gas, and coal power in this region. Secondly, the kernel function of the support vector machine was applied to the extreme learning machine algorithm to optimize the connection weight matrix between the original hidden layer and the output layer. Thirdly, the grey prediction theory was used to predict major energy consumption in the region from 2017 to 2030. Then, the energy consumption and carbon emissions data for 2000–2016 were used as the training and test sets for the SVM-ELM (Support Vector Machine-Extreme Learning Machine) model. The result of SVM-ELM model was compared with the forecasting results of SVM (Support Vector Machine Algorithm) and ELM (Extreme Learning Machine) algorithm. The accuracy of SVM-ELM was shown to be higher. Finally, we used forecasting output of GM (Grey Prediction Theory) (1, 1) as the input of the SVM-ELM model to predict carbon emissions in the region from 2017 to 2030. The results showed that the proportion of energy consumption seriously affects the amount of carbon emissions. We found that the energy consumption of electricity and natural gas will reach 45% by 2030 and carbon emissions in the region can be controlled below 96.9 million tons. Therefore, accelerating the upgradation of industrial structure will be the key task for the government in controlling the amount of carbon emissions in the next step.
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Jiang, Peng, Jun Dong, and Hui Huang. "Forecasting China’s Renewable Energy Terminal Power Consumption Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and an Improved Extreme Learning Machine Optimized by a Bacterial Foraging Algorithm." Energies 12, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071331.
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The energy consumption pattern dominated by traditional fossil energy has led to global energy resource constraints and the deterioration of the ecological environment. These challenges have become a major issue all over the world. At present, the Chinese government aims to significantly reduce the fossil energy consumption contribution in the terminal energy consumption. The development of renewable energy in the terminal energy and energy conversion links has significantly increased the proportion of clean low-carbon energy. In order to accurately get the proportion of renewable energy terminal power consumption, firstly, this paper selects a primary influencing-factors set including the gross GDP, fixed investment in renewable energy industry, total length of cross-provincial and cross-regional high-voltage transmission lines, etc. as influencing factors of China’s electricity consumption fraction produced by renewable energy based on a multitude of papers. Secondly, from the perspective of signal decomposition, the data inevitably has a lot of interference and noise. This paper uses the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm to reduce the degree of signal distortion and decomposes the signal into natural modes including several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residual term (Res); afterwards, a new extreme learning machine (ELM) forecasting model optimized by an Inverse Square Root Linear Units (ISRLU) activation function is proposed, and the ISRLU function is used to replace the implicit layer activation function in the original ELM algorithm. Then, a new bacterial foraging algorithm (BFOA) is applied to optimize the parameters of the optimized ELM forecasting model. After multiple learning and training operations, the optimal parameters are obtained. Finally, we superimpose the output of each IMF and Res training task to get the amount of China’s power consumption produced by renewable energy. Some statistical indicators including root mean squard error (RMSE) are applied to compare the accuracy of several intelligent machine forecasting algorithms. We prove that the proposed forecasting model has higher prediction accuracy and achieves faster training speed by an empirical analysis. Finally, the proposed combined forecasting algorithm is applied to predict China’s renewable energy terminal power consumption from 2018 to 2030. According to the forecasting results, it is found that China’s renewable energy terminal power consumption shows a gradual growth trend, and will exceeded 3300 billion kWh in 2030, which will represent a renewable energy terminal power ratio of about 38% in 2030.
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Lott, Terry A., Steven R. Manchester, and Sarah L. Corbett. "The Miocene flora of Alum Bluff, Liberty County, Florida." Acta Palaeobotanica 59, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 75–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2019-0003.
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Abstract The plant fossils of Alum Bluff, northwestern Florida, provide a unique insight into the rarely preserved Miocene flora of the eastern United States. A century has passed since the introductory treatment on the fossil leaf flora of Alum Bluff. More specimens have accumulated over the past two decades, allowing for an updated evaluation of the megafossil flora following a recent study of the palynoflora. The strata consisting of poorly consolidated sand and siltstones with intervening clay layers, here recognized as the Fort Preston Formation of the Alum Bluff Group, are considered to be of Barstovian age (16.3–13.6 Ma), based on co-occurring mammalian remains. Here we recognize 36 kinds of leaves and 10 kinds of fruits and seeds, giving a minimum estimate of at least one fungus, one fern, one gymnosperm, 38 angiosperms and 7 unknowns. We also report one new species and two new combinations. These taxa augment those already reported based on pollen from the same strata, allowing us to portray the vegetation as elm-hickory-cabbage palm forest occurring near the coastline in a deltaic, pro-deltaic, or intertidal shore face environment. The results of a climate analysis of the Alum Bluff flora, using leaf margin and leaf area, give estimates of 19.0°C mean annual temperature and 116.0 cm mean annual precipitation.
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Břízová, Eva, Anna Pazdur, and Natalia Piotrowska. "Upper Holocene development of vegetation and radiocarbon dating in the vicinity of the Cerhovka Brook (Bohemian-Moravian Uplands, Czech Republic)." Geochronometria 39, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s13386-012-0016-2.
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Abstract The paper reports the results of a palynological study of a newly exposed section in the peat sediments of Bezděkov site and its correlation with the previous palaeobotanical studies. The main goal was to elucidate the stratigraphic position and paleogeographic development of fossil peat bog and its environment in the Protected Landscape Area Žďárské vrchy and Železné hory in the Bohemian-Moravian Uplands. The development of peatbog vegetation, as shown by the pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating, took place in the Holocene. Pollen analyses provide evidence for occurrences of wetland assemblages with huge representation of alder wood in all the part of succession, followed by willow near the Cerhovka Brook. Alnus and Abies were the dominant trees during all the time. The deciduous forests consist of elm (Ulmus), oak (Quercus), lime tree (Tilia), maple (Acer) and hazel (Corylus). The mosaic picture of woodland and wetland, which covered this landscape during the Upper Holocene, contrasts with the present day monotonous open lowland. Sediments of the peat bog provide information on the origin and vegetation evolution of this area.
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Liu, Xiaodan, Xuping Feng, Lingxia Huang, and Yong He. "Rapid Determination of Wood and Rice Husk Pellets’ Proximate Analysis and Heating Value." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 3741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143741.
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Biomass pellets are a potential renewable and clean energy source. With the advantages of perfect combustion performance and easy storage and transport, biomass pellets have gradually replaced fossil fuels and become widely used. Rapid and accurate determination of biomass pellets’ quality is critical to efficient energy use. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with chemometric methods were utilized. The gross calorific value (CV) and ash content (Ash), volatile matter (VM) and fixed carbon (FC) were firstly measured and analyzed. LIBS spectra and their corresponding elements of biomass pellet samples were analyzed. Three quantitative analysis models for quality indexes including partial least-squares regression (PLSR), least squares-support vector machines (LS-SVM), extreme learning machines (ELM) were further built. All models performed well, especially the LS-SVM model which obtained the best determination results, with all R2 values over 0.95. Concurrently, the modeling performance of ash was slightly better than that of the other three quality indexes, which further confirmed the feasibility of using relevant elements to predict biomass quality indexes. The overall results indicated that LIBS coupled with suitable chemometrics could be an alternative promising method to determine quality indexes of biomass pellets and further improve energy utilization by using biomass materials with better quality.
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Kremenetski, Constantin V., Pavel E. Tarasov, and Aleksandr E. Cherkinsky. "Postglacial Development of Kazakhstan Pine Forests." Palynologie et changements globaux : XIVe symposium de l’Association des palynologues de langue française 51, no. 3 (November 30, 2007): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/033138ar.
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ABSTRACT Fossil pollen records from two peatlands and two lakes in Kazakhstan provide radiocarbon-dated evidence of vegetation change since 13 000 BP. During the Lateglacial open spruce (Picea obovata) forests started spreading along river valleys and over the Kazakhstan Foothills. By 9500 BP, the southern limit of spruce approached its present-day position. Between 9500 and 8000 BP steppe and open birch forests formed the vegetation in the south of the West Siberian Lowland. Dry steppe and semi-desert were the main types of vegetation in north Kazakhstan. From 7000 to 5500 BP Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) expanded in Kazakhstan and reached its present day southern limit. Since 5500 BP pine has formed monospecific forests in the lrtysh-Semipalatinsk area and in the northern part of the Kazakhstan Foothills. By 5000 BP lime (Tilia cordata) penetrated into the northern part of the Kazakhstan Foothills. The ranges of oak (Quercus robur), elm (Ulmus glabra) and black alder (AInus glutinosa) also expanded. The period 4500-3600 BP was characterised by a drier and more continental climate. During that time, the forested area decreased. The ranges of broadleaved trees and alder were reduced. A phase of less continental climate occurred 3300-2800/ 2700 BP. By 1500 BP the present southern limit of Scots pine was established.
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Wing, Scott L., and Guy J. Harrington. "Floral response to rapid warming in the earliest Eocene and implications for concurrent faunal change." Paleobiology 27, no. 3 (2001): 539–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2001)027<0539:frtrwi>2.0.co;2.
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During the first 10–20 Kyr of the Eocene temperatures warmed by 4–8°C in middle and high latitudes, then cooled again over the succeeding ∼200 Kyr. Major changes in the composition of marine and terrestrial faunas, including one of the largest mammalian turnover events of the Cenozoic, occurred during this temperature excursion. To better understand the effects of rapid climatic change on continental biotas, we studied 60 fossil pollen samples collected from 900 m of section spanning approximately three million years of the late Paleocene and early Eocene; the samples come from the Fort Union Formation and Willwood Formation in the Bighorn Basin of northwestern Wyoming, paleolatitude approximately 47°N. There are 40 samples from the 500 m of rock deposited during the one million year interval centered on the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, although pollen was not preserved well in rocks representing the short warm interval at the base of the Eocene.Overall, the palynoflora shows moderate change in composition and diversity. Two pollen taxa clearly expanded their ranges to include North America in the first 400 Kyr of the Eocene, Platycarya (Juglandaceae), and Intratriporopollenites instructus (cf. Tilia), but they account for less than 5% of pollen grains in the early Eocene. There are no last appearances of common taxa associated with the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. The most noticeable palynological changes are the decrease in abundance of Caryapollenites spp. and Polyatriopollenites vermontensis (Juglandaceae), and the increase in abundance of Taxodiaceae (bald cypress family), Ulmaceae (elm family), and Betulaceae (birch family), particularly Alnipollenites spp. (alder). There are 22% more species in the Eocene samples than in the Paleocene samples; mean richness of Eocene samples is 17% higher than the mean of Paleocene samples. The mean evenness of Eocene samples is higher than that of Paleocene samples, but the difference is not significant.The modest level of floral change during the late Paleocene and early Eocene contrasts with the major taxonomic turnover and ecological rearrangement of North American mammalian faunas observed at the same time. Faunal change probably resulted from intercontinental range expansion across Arctic land bridges that became habitable as a result of high-latitude warming, so it is surprising that climatically sensitive plants did not also experience a major episode of interchange. The absence of fossil plants from the temperature excursion interval itself could prevent us from recognizing a transient shift in floral composition, but it is clear that the flora did not undergo a major and permanent restructuring like that seen in the mammals. The contrast between the moderate floral response to warming and the strong faunal response is consistent with the idea that interactions between immigrant and native taxa, rather than climate directly, were the primary cause of terrestrial biotic change across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary.
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Kołaczek, Piotr, Mirosława Kupryjanowicz, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Marta Szal, Hanna Winter, Weronika Danel, Katarzyna Pochocka-Szwarc, and Renata Stachowicz-Rybka. "The Late Glacial and Holocene development of vegetation in the area of a fossil lake in the Skaliska Basin (north-eastern Poland) inferred from pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating." Acta Palaeobotanica 53, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2013-0003.
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ABSTRACT The development of vegetation in the Skaliska Basin has been reconstructed on the basis of palynological analysis and radiocarbon dating (AMS technique) of 6 sites from the late phase of the Bolling- Allerod interstadial complex to modern times. Although the area covers 90 km2, the mosaic character of habitats led to the development of different patterns of vegetation changes during the Late Glacial and Holocene. Only one site located in the eastern part of the Skaliska Basin reflected the ‘pine phase’ of Allerod, and this is the oldest data on vegetation in the Skaliska Basin. Interesting discrepancies were recorded during the Younger Dryas when patches of shrublands with Juniperus were distinct around some of the sites, while steppe with Artemisia was common in others. The beginning of the Holocene brought an expansion of birch-pine forest, but around 9600 cal. BC a cold oscillation took place which was reflected in an increase in birch in the woodlands in the western and eastern part of the Skaliska Basin. In the Preboreal chronozone elm (Ulmus) also expanded in the area but its appearance was non-synchronous. The vegetation of the Boreal chronozone was similar in the whole area and the most characteristic feature was the rapid expansion of hazel (Corylus avellana) which displaced Betula from the most of its sites. At that time a distinct redeposition of pollen material in the Parchatka river valley was detected which was probably the effect of an increase in fluvial activity of the river (humid oscillation). The following stage of vegetation development was climax woodlands with Tilia cordata, Ulmus, Quercus, Corylus avellana, and Alnus in damp places. At the beginning of the Subboreal chronozone the expansion of Quercus took place, which was subsequently replaced by Picea abies and partly Carpinus betulus. The pattern of Picea abies expansion distinctly presents two maxima which is characteristic of many sites in the north-eastern Poland. The Subatlantic chronozone is represented only by the profile from the Skaliski Forest, where, because of sandy ground, Pinus sylvestris was the dominant element. Human impact was poorly reflected through the rare occurrence of pollen grains of Cerealia type in the pollen profiles spanning the time from the Subboreal chronozone to modern times. In most profiles AMS dating produced age discrepancies, which limited the possibility of establishment of a detailed chronology. However, dates obtained from the material contaminated by mixture of glycerine, thymol and ethyl alcohol, pretreated by alcohol, showed reliable results in most cases.
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Plotnick, Roy E., Felisa A. Smith, and S. Kathleen Lyons. "The fossil record of the sixth extinction." Ecology Letters 19, no. 5 (March 2, 2016): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12589.
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VILLA, Elisa, Oscar MERINO-TOMÉ, and Jaime MARTÍN LLANEZA. "Fusulines from the Central Asturian Coal? eld (Pennsylvanian, Cantabrian Zone, Spain) and their signi? cance for biostratigraphic correlation." Spanish Journal of Palaeontology 33, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/sjp.33.1.13252.
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The Central Asturian Coalfield of the Cantabrian Zone (NW Spain) exposes a Moscovian (Middle Pennsylvanian) succession, up to 5000-m thick, which records stratigraphically signi? cant terrestrial and marine fossils such as fossil ? ora and fusulines. The present paper focuses on the fusuline-bearing limestones of this succession, which cover a time span ranging from latest Bashkirian to early Myachkovian. 36 fusuline species are described and illustrated, among them the new species Schubertella luisorum Villa. This study reveals that the composition of the Kashirian to early Myachkovian fusuline assemblages is similar to that of the Beedeina-dominated assemblages of the Donets Basin, which were interpreted by Khodjanyazova et al. (2014) as occurring during early high-stands. In parallel with this, the absence of species representing the Fusulinella-dominated assemblages of the later authors is observed, while their Hemifusulina-dominated assemblages are replaced in the Central Asturian Coalfield by monospecific associations of Hemifusulina. Biostratigraphic data inferred from these microfaunas allowed us to assign an age to several informal stratigraphic intervals known as ‘mining stratal packages’ and to propose a tentative correlation with some relevant horizons of the Donets Basin.
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Mills, Stuart J., Anthony R. Kampf, Fabrizio Nestola, Peter A. Williams, Peter Leverett, Leila Hejazi, David E. Hibbs, Maria Mrorsko, Matteo Alvaro, and Anatoly V. Kasatkin. "Wampenite, C18 H16 , a new organic mineral from the fossil conifer locality at Wampen, Bavaria, Germany." European Journal of Mineralogy 29, no. 3 (July 12, 2017): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2621.
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Visonà, Dario, Christine M. Meyzen, Paolo Nimis, and Fabrizio Nestola. "Fossil submarine hydrothermalism in metabasalts from the Gudon (Bressanone) amphibolite (Southalpine basement, Eastern Alps, NE Italy)." European Journal of Mineralogy 30, no. 2 (August 20, 2018): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2720.
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Tietje, Melanie, and Mark-Oliver Rödel. "Evaluating the predicted extinction risk of living amphibian species with the fossil record." Ecology Letters 21, no. 8 (May 22, 2018): 1135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13080.
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Środoń, Andrzej. "A fossil trace of the interglacial flora from Katowice in Silesia." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 61, no. 1 (2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1992.010.
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The age of an interglacial peat sample on the basis of the results of palaeobotanical studies, radiocarbon dating and the presence of <i>Caricoidea globosa</i> (C. et. E.M. Reid) Mai fruits was determined.
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Liow, L. H., T. Reitan, K. L. Voje, P. D. Taylor, and E. Di Martino. "Size, weapons, and armor as predictors of competitive outcomes in fossil and contemporary marine communities." Ecological Monographs 89, no. 2 (February 2019): e01354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecm.1354.
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Betancur-R, Ricardo, Guillermo Ortí, and Robert Alexander Pyron. "Fossil-based comparative analyses reveal ancient marine ancestry erased by extinction in ray-finned fishes." Ecology Letters 18, no. 5 (March 23, 2015): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12423.
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Hazra, Sunanda, and Provas Kumar Roy. "Evolutionary Oppositional Moth Flame Optimization for Renewable and Sustainable Wind Energy Based Economic Dispatch." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2019100104.
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Fossil fuel power has limited its penetration into the power system network for the intermittency and unpredictability coordination. That's why, renewable wind energy incorporating load dispatch becomes a promising system. In this regard, this article proposes an economic load dispatch (ELD) in the existence of renewable wind technology for consuming less fossil fuel energy. For the stochastic scenery of wind speed, the Weibull probability density function (PDF) is used. To boost up the convergence swiftness and advance the simulation results, opposition-based learning (OBL) is integrated with the basic moth flame optimization (MFO) technique, which depends on the social dealings of the moth in nature. The performance of OMFO is evaluated through four cases and each case consists of three different load demands. The simulation results by these methods along with various other existing algorithms in the literature are presented to demonstrate the validity and usefulness of the proposed OMFO.
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Stull, Gregory W., Neil F. Adams, Steven R. Manchester, Dan Sykes, and Margaret E. Collinson. "Revision of Icacinaceae from the Early Eocene London Clay flora based on X-ray micro-CT." Botany 94, no. 9 (September 2016): 713–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2016-0063.
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The Early Eocene (Ypresian) London Clay Formation contains one of the most important fruit and seed assemblages from the Paleogene, including a large diversity of taxa (>350 spp.) preserved as pyrite permineralizations retaining 3D structure as well as anatomical detail. Despite the importance of the flora for understanding angiosperm biogeographic and evolutionary history, the majority of the fossil material has not been revisited since the original taxonomic treatments by E.M. Reid and M.E.J. Chandler. Given subsequent advances in our understanding of angiosperm phylogeny and fruit morphology, coupled with technological advances in imaging/visualizing fossil material, many of the taxa represented in the flora deserve further study. Here we present a revision of the pantropical family Icacinaceae using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images of 21 species from the flora. Based on the results, four new combinations are made, a new fossil-genus is established for a distinctive species with affinities to the Phytocreneae, and emended diagnoses are provided for eight taxa. Of the seven genera recognized from the flora, only one, Iodes Blume, is extant. This study offers important insights on the biogeographic and evolutionary history of Icacinaceae, which is one of the most abundant and diverse components of the flora from the London Clay Formation.
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Anderson, Thane W., John V. Matthews, Robert J. Mott, and S. Henry Richard. "The Sangamonian Pointe-Fortune Site, Ontario-Québec Border." Articles 44, no. 3 (December 18, 2007): 271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032829ar.
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ABSTRACT Inter-till sediments (Units 2, 3, 4) in a sand pit located 115 km east of Ottawa, Ontario, contain a predominance of deciduous tree pollen including oak. elm, beech and hickory {Quercus, Ulmus, Fagus, and Carya) and minor amounts of basswood, ash and sweetgum (TiHa, Fraxinus and Liquidambar). Unit 4 also contains macrofossils of several plant taxa which presently do not grow much north of the site. The fossils portray an inter-glacial environment (the Sangamonian) with conditions as warm as or warmer than the present in the area. By contrast, overlying Unit 4a reveals a dominance of boreal indicators such as pollen of spruce, pine, willow and alder (Picea, Pinus, Salix and Alnus) and the beetles, Bembidion transparens, Eucnecosum, and Olophrum boréale. Unit 4a fossils indicate a climate that was colder than at present but no colder than the climate of central Québec - suggesting a correlation with the waning phase of the warm interval, or alternatively, with the St. Pierre Interstade of the St. Lawrence Lowlands. Thus the lower till is interpreted as lllinoian in age; the upper till may be Middle to Late Wisconsinan or Early to Late Wisconsinan.
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Garavelli, Anna, Rocco Laviano, and Filippο Vurro. "Sublimate deposition from hydrothermal fluids at the Fossa crater - Vulcano, Italy." European Journal of Mineralogy 9, no. 2 (June 26, 1997): 423–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/9/2/0423.
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Trotzke, Andreas. "A note on the emotive origins of syntax." Evolutionary Linguistic Theory 1, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/elt.00005.tro.
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Abstract In this note, I ask what (if any) linguistic means above the word level might have already been in place before our full-blown syntactic capacity involving recursive Merge has evolved. I argue that the ‘pre-Merge era’ might have been characterized by paratactic emotive utterances comparable to root small clauses in modern languages. At the end of this contribution, this new emotive perspective on so-called ‘living linguistic fossils’ is extended to the core syntactic property of displacement, which features an augmentation strategy in the form of multiple copies that is reminiscent of doubling and reduplication processes involved in conveying expressive meaning components.
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Barnosky, Anthony D. "“Big Game” Extinction Caused by Late Pleistocene Climatic Change: Irish Elk (Megaloceros Giganteus) in Ireland." Quaternary Research 25, no. 1 (January 1986): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(86)90049-9.
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Megaloceros giganteus, the largest Eurasian deer, inhabited Ireland from ca. 12,000 yr B.P. to the time of its extinction ca. 10,600 yr B.P. The archaeologic record documents that people arrived on the island no earlier than 9000 yr B.P., so they could not have caused the extinction in Ireland. Close stratigraphic association of the geologically youngest elk fossils with sediments indicating the onset of the Nahanagan Stadial (approximately = Younger Dryas) implicates climatic change as the exterminator. Palynologic data support the idea that extinction probably resulted when forage quantity and quality along with length of the spring green-up decreased during the Nahanagan Stadial. For M. giganteus, this meant that the energy intake required to sustain large bodies, grow enormous antlers, and build fat reserves for winter was increasingly difficult to maintain, until deaths, primarily by winterkill, outnumbered births.
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Silveira, Roberto Leal, Sebastião Gusmão, and Leonardo Avelar. "Acesso supraorbital inter-hemisférico ou frontopolar: estudo anatômico." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 2a (June 2005): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000200014.
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É proposta modificação do acesso supraorbital com a finalidade de facilitar a abordagem das regiões mediais das fossas anterior e média (região suprasselar). Ela consiste em estender a craniotomia frontal até a linha média e realizar a abordagem inter-hemisférica: acesso supraorbital inter-hemisférico ou frontopolar. Foram estudadas as bases anatômicas desse acesso em oito cabeças de cadáveres. Os resultados desse estudo demonstram que o acesso supraorbital inter-hemisférico possibilita a abordagem das estruturas mediais da base da fossas anterior e média, com retração cerebral mínima e larga exposição.
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Sudarmaji, Eka, Noer Azam Achsani, Yandra Arkeman, and Idqan Fahmi. "Decomposition Factors Household Energy Subsidy Consumption in Indonesia: Kaya Identity and LMDI Approach." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v8i2.1900.
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For decades, the subsidy had prompted excessive and wasteful while offering little motivation to boost energy efficiency or reduce domestic greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aimed to measure household subsidy energy by examining the relationship between the other ten variables. The Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) and decomposition index were deployed to recognize the determinant effects that drive household's subsidy energy consumption. This study also presented an ARDL model applied. The robustness of the Granger Causality, Long-run, and Short-run causality during 1990-2017 was assessed. Based on LMDI, we found out that Population, Income Per Capita, Ratio National Renewal Energy over Fuel Fossil, Gross Capital Stock, Urban Household Consumption, and Ratio Household Subsidy were the positive factors that aggravate the change in household energy subsidy. The negative sign of Ratio National Energy Intensity effect, Ratio Fossil Renewal Energy effect, Ratio Capital Labour substitution, and Ratio Household over Labour Force signified the decreasing significance of less household energy subsidy. On the panel ARD-ECM, we identified a negative sign speed-of-adjustment and significant at 1%. It implied that all the ten variable effects were converging in the long run after an experience shocks. The equation parameters were considered stable since the CUSUM gets inside the two critical lines. Additional RESET test of the stability to ascertain whether the estimated model was linear or correctly specified has been performed.
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Karthik, N., A. K. Parvathy, and R. Arul. "Non-convex Economic Load Dispatch using Cuckoo Search Algorithm." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v5.i1.pp48-57.
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<p>This paper presents cuckoo search algorithm (CSA) for solving non-convex economic load dispatch (ELD) problems of fossil fuel fired generators considering transmission losses and valve point loading effect. CSA is a new meta-heuristic optimisation technique inspired from the obligate brood parasitism of some cuckoo species by laying their eggs in the nests of other host birds of other species. The strength of the proposed meta-heuristic optimization technique CSA has been tested and validated on the standard IEEE 14-bus, 26-bus and 30-bus system with several heuristic load patterns. The results have indicated that the proposed approach is able to obtain significant economic load dispatch solutions than those of Firefly Algorithm (FFA) and other soft computing techniques reported in the literature.</p>
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Dumitraş, Delia-Georgeta, and Ştefan Marincea. "Sequential dehydration of the phosphate–sulfate association from Gura Dobrogei Cave, Dobrogea, Romania." European Journal of Mineralogy 33, no. 3 (June 29, 2021): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-329-2021.
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Abstract. A rich association of primary guano minerals, including taranakite, hydroxylapatite, brushite and gypsum with relicts of illite, kaolinite, alpha (low) quartz and calcite, was identified in the fossil bat guano deposit from Gura Dobrogei Cave, Dobrogea County, Romania. Gypsum and Ca phosphates developed preferentially on the carbonate bedrock or on fallen carbonate blocks in the guano mass, whereas taranakite was identified in the clay-rich, detritic sequences. The mineral species from the cave were characterized by optical methods, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry analysis. Chemically induced local dehydration of primary minerals, characterized by low temperatures (up to 100 ∘C or even lower) and critically depending on exothermal reactions in the guano mass, prompted the formation of a secondary association, consisting of francoanellite, bassanite and monetite. Topotactic substitutions were observed in the cases of francoanellite on taranakite, bassanite on gypsum and monetite on brushite. In its turn, ardealite was partially replaced by monetite and bassanite. The sequential dehydration process seems driven by the degradation of organic matter by microbial action and also, presumably, by other exothermic reactions at local scale (e.g., oxidation of ammonia, allogenic pyrite or other organic compounds).
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Atmoko, Ratri. "DINAMIKA KELOMPOK DALAM PROSES EMERGENCY DECISION MAKING (EDM): PEMBELAJARAN DARI SIMULASI TANGGAP DARURAT DI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA NUKLIR." Jurnal Perkotaan 12, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/perkotaan.v12i1.1229.
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Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is a non-fossil energy source with very high output and most sustain power plant. NPP is also classified as environmentally friendly because, in normal processes, NPP produces zero Carbon Dioxide (CO2) as the primary air pollutant. However, if there is a disaster, the impact is exceptionally terrible. Besides causing fatalities, it can also result in hazardous health problems and takes hundreds of years to recover the surrounding natural environment. Therefore, to avoid disaster, the skills of nuclear power plant operators are critical, especially in overcoming the crisis. Typical challenges in Analog System-based NPP is the synergy among operators whose numbers are higher than in digital systems. This paper reflects learning outcomes from simulation to overcome the crisis in NPP, particularly the immediacy in making the right decisions. The simulation was carried out at the Analog System-Based NPP Simulation Center in Essen, Germany, and followed by a group of students from the Human Factor Engineering Master Program, Hochschule Niederrhein, with diverse national cultural backgrounds. One result is that the unique characteristics of each nation's cultural background can affect its effectiveness in overcoming the crisis. Two different aspects are initiative and assertive behavior among people inside the group.
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Lim, Saehee, Xavier Faïn, Patrick Ginot, Vladimir Mikhalenko, Stanislav Kutuzov, Jean-Daniel Paris, Anna Kozachek, and Paolo Laj. "Black carbon variability since preindustrial times in the eastern part of Europe reconstructed from Mt. Elbrus, Caucasus, ice cores." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 5 (March 14, 2017): 3489–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3489-2017.
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Abstract. Black carbon (BC), emitted by fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, is the second largest man-made contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide (Bond et al., 2013). However, limited information exists on its past emissions and atmospheric variability. In this study, we present the first high-resolution record of refractory BC (rBC, including mass concentration and size) reconstructed from ice cores drilled at a high-altitude eastern European site in Mt. Elbrus (ELB), Caucasus (5115 m a.s.l.). The ELB ice core record, covering the period 1825–2013, reflects the atmospheric load of rBC particles at the ELB site transported from the European continent with a larger rBC input from sources located in the eastern part of Europe. In the first half of the 20th century, European anthropogenic emissions resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the ice core rBC mass concentrations with respect to its level in the preindustrial era (before 1850). The summer (winter) rBC mass concentrations increased 5-fold (3.3-fold) in 1960–1980, followed by a decrease until ∼ 2000. Over the last decade, the rBC signal for summertime slightly increased. We have compared the signal with the atmospheric BC load simulated using past BC emissions (ACCMIP and MACCity inventories) and taken into account the contribution of different geographical regions to rBC distribution and deposition at the ELB site. Interestingly, the observed rBC variability in the ELB ice core record since the 1960s is not in perfect agreement with the simulated atmospheric BC load. Similar features between the ice core rBC record and the best scenarios for the atmospheric BC load support anthropogenic BC increase in the 20th century being reflected in the ELB ice core record. However, the peak in BC mass concentration observed in ∼ 1970 in the ice core is estimated to occur a decade later from past inventories. BC emission inventories for the period 1960s–1970s may be underestimating European anthropogenic emissions. Furthermore, for summertime snow layers of the 2000s, the slightly increasing trend of rBC deposition likely reflects recent changes in anthropogenic and biomass burning BC emissions in the eastern part of Europe. Our study highlights that the past changes in BC emissions of eastern Europe need to be considered in assessing ongoing air quality regulation.
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Kim, Soohyeon, and Surim Oh. "Impact of US Shale Gas on the Vertical and Horizontal Dynamics of Ethylene Price." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 4479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174479.
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The rise of shale resources in the United States is changing the petrochemical industries. Ethylene, the first building block of petrochemical products, is becoming the first target to be hit by the shale boom, and its shifting price dynamics needs to be explored. This study analyzes the transition of ethylene prices from crude oil to natural gas (vertical price dynamics) and investigates widening gaps among regional ethylene prices (horizontal price dynamics). To do this, we detect structural changes in cointegrating relationships and derive time-varying cointegration equations. In addition, for the long- and short-run dynamics, this study established and estimated an error correction model (ECM), with controlling, time-varying cointegrations. This study develops econometric studies by applying time-varying cointegration to nonenergy uses of fossil fuels. Thereby, our results discover that the feedstock structure of US ethylene is moving from crude oil to natural gas and that the comovement of US and Japanese prices is getting intensified.
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Coelho, Ediomar Cesar, and Greice Scarduelli Ronsani. "Utilização de Energia Solar nas Indústrias." Revista de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia 14, no. 14 (May 29, 2020): 06–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1890-1793.2019v14n14p06-08.
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O presente trabalho busca apresentar a utilização da energia solar nas indústrias, as suas vantagens e desvantagens, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. A busca por fontes renováveis de energia se tornou um fator extremamente importante em âmbito mundial que tem sua matriz energética dependente de combustíveis fosseis na produção de eletricidade. A energia solar produz energia elétrica por meio de células fotovoltaicas ou aquecimento de algum fluido. O uso do Sol para gerar eletricidade se complementa a outras fontes renováveis. A energia solar nas indústrias aos poucos está se tornando uma realidade tangível, e vem crescendo devido aos fatores ambientais e econômicos. As vantagens para a indústria são – autonomia energética; planejamento orçamentário; valorização no comércio exterior; eco-friendly. Este artigo busca discorrer sobre a energia solar e o seu uso nas industrias, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. Fundamentado em uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido através do método de revisão bibliográfica narrativa, cujo embasamento teórico adotado representa uma síntese de livros, revistas acadêmicas e artigos científicos publicados por autores renomados em seus respectivos segmentos. Conclui-se que mesmo com todas as vantagens e desvantagens desta fonte de energia, ela é uma energia simples, sustentável, que permite autonomia e poupança ao longo prazo, o que torna ela um recurso valioso, que as industrias devem explorar e aproveitar de melhor maneira.
Palavras-chave: Energia Solar. Indústrias. Energias Renováveis.
Abstract
The present work seeks to present the use of solar energy in industries, its advantages and disadvantages, through a bibliographical review. The search for renewable sources of energy has become an extremely important factor in the worldwide that has its energy matrix dependent on fossil fuels in the production of electricity. Solar energy produces electricity through photovoltaic cells or heating of some fluid. The use of the Sun to generate electricity complements other renewable sources. Solar energy in industries is gradually becoming a tangible reality, and has been growing because of environmental and economic factors. The advantages for the industry are - energy autonomy; budget planning; appreciation in foreign trade; eco-friendly. This article seeks to discuss solar energy and its use in industries, through a bibliographical review. Based on an exploratory qualitative research, the present study was developed through the method of narrative bibliographic revision, whose theoretical basis adopted represents a synthesis of books, academic journals and scientific articles published by renowned authors in their respective segments. It isconcluded that even with all the advantages and disadvantages of this energy source, it is a simple, sustainable energy that allows autonomy and savings in the long term, which makes it a valuable resource, that industries should explore and enjoy the best way.
Keywords: Solar Energy. Industries. Renewable Energy.
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Borba, Luiz Edmundo Celso. "Adam Smith e o uso objetivo da economia como forma para a obtenção do direito fundamental a liberdade." Revista de Direitos e Garantias Fundamentais 18, no. 1 (June 14, 2017): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.18759/rdgf.v18i1.927.
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A contribuição de Adam Smith para o liberalismo foi grandiosa, mas ela não se circunscreve a trazer uma busca ensandecida e desarrazoada por liberdade, como se todos os custos fossem possíveis para tal intento. Adam Smith traz o nascedouro para os direitos fundamentais, ao clamar pela necessidade de reconhecimento das liberdades individuais, embora antevisse problemas para o exercício sem limites de tais faculdades. A ideia do texto está em trazer a perspectiva inicial para a construção dos direitos fundamentais, em um prisma individual e após a sua ponderação em um espectro coletivo, assim como a discussão posterior de quais deverão prevalecer.
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Fan, Xingjun, Siye Wei, Mengbo Zhu, Jianzhong Song, and Ping'an Peng. "Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 20 (October 28, 2016): 13321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13321-2016.
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Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) in smoke fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from the combustion of biomass materials (rice straw, corn straw, and pine branch) and fossil fuels (lignite coal and diesel fuel) were comprehensively studied in this work. The HULIS fractions were first isolated with a one-step solid-phase extraction method, and were then investigated with a series of analytical techniques: elemental analysis, total organic carbon analysis, UV–vis (ultraviolet–visible) spectroscopy, excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that HULIS account for 11.2–23.4 and 5.3 % of PM2.5 emitted from biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion, respectively. In addition, contributions of HULIS-C to total carbon and water-soluble carbon in smoke PM2.5 emitted from BB are 8.0–21.7 and 56.9–66.1 %, respectively. The corresponding contributions in smoke PM2.5 from coal combustion are 5.2 and 45.5 %, respectively. These results suggest that BB and coal combustion are both important sources of HULIS in atmospheric aerosols. However, HULIS in diesel soot only accounted for ∼ 0.8 % of the soot particles, suggesting that vehicular exhaust may not be a significant primary source of HULIS. Primary HULIS and atmospheric HULIS display many similar chemical characteristics, as indicated by the instrumental analytical characterization, while some distinct features were also apparent. A high spectral absorbance in the UV–vis spectra, a distinct band at λex∕λem ≈ 280∕350 nm in EEM spectra, lower H ∕ C and O ∕ C molar ratios, and a high content of [Ar–H] were observed for primary HULIS. These results suggest that primary HULIS contain more aromatic structures, and have a lower content of aliphatic and oxygen-containing groups than atmospheric HULIS. Among the four primary sources of HULIS, HULIS from BB had the highest O ∕ C molar ratios (0.43–0.54) and [H–C–O] content (10–19 %), indicating that HULIS from this source mainly consisted of carbohydrate- and phenolic-like structures. HULIS from coal combustion had a lower O ∕ C molar ratio (0.27) and a higher content of [Ar–H] (31 %), suggesting that aromatic compounds were extremely abundant in HULIS from this source. Moreover, the absorption Ångström exponents of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion were 6.7–8.2 and 13.6, respectively. The mass absorption efficiencies of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion at 365 nm (MAE365) were 0.97–2.09 and 0.63 m2 gC−1, respectively. Noticeably higher MAE365 values for primary HULIS from BB than coal combustion indicate that the former has a stronger contribution to the light-absorbing properties of aerosols in the atmospheric environment.
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Alkindi, Mohammed, Sundar Ramalingam, Khaja Moiduddin, Osama Alghamdi, Hisham Alkhalefah, and Mohammed Badwelan. "In Vitro Biomechanical Simulation Testing of Custom Fabricated Temporomandibular Joint Parts Made of Electron Beam Melted Titanium, Zirconia, and Poly-Methyl Methacrylate." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 12, 2019): 5455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245455.
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Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement has become common. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate wear response of custom-fabricated electron beam melted titanium (EBM-Ti), zirconia, and acrylic TMJ parts when subjected to biomechanical simulation testing. Eighteen prosthetic TMJ parts (condyle, glenoid fossa) were custom-fabricated using computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques based on patient’s radiographic images. Biomechanical simulation testing of TMJ parts (in different combinations) were done in a modified chewing simulator (108,000 cycles, 1 Hz frequency, 45–60 N compression, strokes-downward 0.15–0.25 s/horizontal, 0.4–0.5 s/upward, 0.25–0.45 s/displacement, 1.5–2.0 mm). Qualitative analysis using scanning electron microscopy revealed wear facets on leading edges of vertical and horizontal simulation strokes. Measurement of pre-test and post-test weights of TMJ parts revealed non-significant reduction in weights due to wear. EBM-Ti and acrylic TMJ glenoid fossae articulating against zirconia condyles during simulation testing had significantly higher wear, evidenced by greater mean reduction in weights. Based on results of this preliminary study, custom-fabricated alloplastic prosthetic TMJ are a viable alternative to stock alloplastic joints. While EBM-Ti and acrylic are suitable biomaterials for custom-fabrication, use of zirconia results in greater wear and requires further studies to optimize their role in customized alloplastic TMJ.
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Silveira, Daniel Barile da, and Carlos Henrique Miranda Jorge. "O compliance e seus reflexos no direito brasileiro." Scientia Iuris 23, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/2178-8189.2019v23n1p125.
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O presente trabalho visa analisar uma nova ferramenta no combate à corrupção no país, mal que assola e atinge todos os setores da nossa sociedade, com consequências desastrosas em diversos setores como saúde, educação, segurança pública, trazendo uma estagnação política e econômica, além do descrédito da população nas instituições. Dessa forma, inicia-se pelo histórico da ferramenta compliance trazida pela Lei 12.846/13, passando por seus reflexos em alguns ramos do Direito. Posteriormente, passa-se a análise da lei anticorrupção, trazendo os pontos positivos e críticas que advieram com sua promulgação, trazendo uma sucinta analogia com demais leis do ordenamento jurídico, analisando demais inovações junto a ela com o intuito de evitar atos ilícitos na pessoa jurídica, demonstrando a sustentabilidade que tais medidas poderiam trazer ao país caso fossem colocadas em prática, às consequências do seu descumprimento e as respectivas sanções civis e administrativas. Em conclusão, verificamos que o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro já possui diversas leis no combate as condutas ilícitas e práticas de corrupção, trazendo mais eficiência se as instituições responsáveis pelas investigações e o Poder Judiciário fossem melhores estruturados e aparelhados.
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Backes, José Licínio. "Juventudes e ensino médio: tensões e disputas pelos sentidos." Acta Scientiarum. Education 40, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 38320. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascieduc.v40i2.38320.
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O artigo objetiva contribuir para o debate sobre o sentido do ensino médio para as juventudes no contexto atual. Para tanto apresenta as tensões e disputas históricas e as mais recentes em torno do ensino médio e as articula com os resultados de uma pesquisa de campo realizada com jovens do ensino médio de uma escola particular reconhecida como sendo de qualidade. Com base nos autores utilizados e na pesquisa efetuada, questiona a qualidade do ensino médio particular e argumenta que tanto ela quanto o sentido que este possui, ainda que fossem universalizados, não serviriam para a construção de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária.
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Freire, Alessandro, Pedro Masson, and Mathieu Turgeon. "E se soubéssemos mais? Simulando os votos e as opiniões dos eleitores mais informados no Brasil." Revista de Sociologia e Política 26, no. 67 (September 2018): 39–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678987318266703.
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RESUMO Introdução Décadas de pesquisas sobre a opinião pública demonstraram que a maioria das pessoas é altamente desinformada a respeito da política. Entretanto, as consequências dessa desinformação sobre o comportamento eleitoral e sobre as atitudes dos cidadãos ainda parecem pouco claras, especialmente quando se trata de jovens democracias. Métodos Neste artigo, utilizamos simulações estatísticas de um eleitorado “completamente informado” a partir de dados do Estudo Eleitoral Brasileiro (ESEB) para responder às seguintes perguntas: (1) Como os brasileiros votariam caso fossem mais informados? (2) Como seriam as opiniões políticas dos brasileiros caso fossem mais informados? Aqui, "informação" se refere a conhecimento sobre a política e o governo de maneira geral Resultados Os resultados sugerem que os votos e as opiniões políticas dos brasileiros seriam diferentes caso eles fossem mais informados. A falta de informação parece direcionar sistematicamente as preferências coletivas, sugerindo que tais erros não são aleatórios, mas sim produto de assimetrias de informação entre os cidadãos Discussão Essas assimetrias podem ser especialmente problemáticas quando se trata de quais opiniões são levadas em consideração pelos representantes dos eleitores, ao tomarem decisões importantes. Os efeitos da desinformação política têm sido vistos sob diferentes olhares pela Ciência Política. Embora alguns teóricos argumentem que a falta de informação não tem efeitos significativos sobre a democracia, outros creem que ela pode trazer consequências notáveis para as escolhas coletivas e para as atitudes políticas dos cidadãos. Nossos resultados nos colocam ao lado do segundo grupo de pesquisadores.
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Alvaro, Bruno Gonçalves, Danielle Gallindo Silva, and Gabriela Da Costa Cavalheiro. "APRESENTAÇÃO DO DOSSIÊ TEMÁTICO "NOVAS PAISAGENS TEÓRICAS E METODOLÓGICAS NOS ESTUDOS MEDIEVAIS CONTEMPORÂNEOS'." SIGNUM - Revista da ABREM 16, no. 1 (August 7, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21572/2177-7306.2015.v16.n1.01.
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Não é novidade que a medievalística há muitos anos tem sido celeiro de experimentações teóricas das mais diversas. Partindo de discussões sobre a Memória até os Estudos de Gênero, esta área do saber influenciou e se deixou influenciar por vários debates, ora polêmicos, ora apaziguados por questões político-intitucionais. A questão é que os estudos sobre a Idade Média, em sua dimensão multi e interdisciplinar, desfrutam de diversas possibilidades investigativas, ampliadas pela vasta gama documental – seja ela textual, imagética, material – fruto de quase mil anos de intensa atividade cultural.O presente dossiê levou em consideração todo esse histórico de debates e combates e se propôs evidenciar e ampliar os temas teóricos e metodológicos atualmente debatidos nos Estudos Medievais contemporâneos, fossem eles brasileiros ou internacionais.
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Vaisi, Salah, Hooshmand Alizadeh, Werya Lotfi, and Saleh Mohammadi. "Developing the Ecological Footprint Assessment for a University Campus, the Component-Based Method." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 9928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179928.
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Global warming has become an increasing challenge due to the impact of human activities on the environment. In this regard, university campuses with various activities and departments have a great impact on the environment. Ecological Footprint Analysis (EFA) is a natural resource depletion assessment tool, with a high level of accuracy, that measures the impact of human activities on the environment. Considering the Ecological Footprint (EF) capabilities, this study developed a method to assess the environmental impacts of a university campus using component-based parameters. The goals of the study are to explore the effective components of EF and to propose some policy guidelines to diminish the human impacts on the environment on university campuses. Five components, including natural gas and electricity consumption, water and food usage, and waste production, were measured in a survey from 2013 to 2016 at the building scale. The mean EF of the campus was 16,484 global hectares (gha). Fossil fuel energy had the highest level of environmental impact with 70.73%, followed by waste production and food and water usage with 26.87%, 1.28%, and 1.12%, respectively. The results demonstrate that the EF Index (EFI) of the case study campus was −0.82, which reveals an unsustainable performance. The EF results were illustrated on an Ecological Footprint Map (EFM), which shows the east and west parts of the camps were more unsustainable.
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Bibus, Erhard, and Wolfgang Rähle. "Stratigraphische Untersuchungen an molluskenführenden Terrassensedimenten und ihren Deckschichten im mittleren Neckarbecken (Württemberg)." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 53, no. 1 (June 1, 2003): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.53.1.06.
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Abstract. Im Rahmen geomorphologischer Untersuchungen von Flussterrassen und ihren Deckschichten werden im mittleren Neckarraum drei neue Aufschlüsse beschrieben und die darin enthaltenen fossilen Molluskenfaunen vorgestellt. In zwei Fällen (Heilbronn-Böckingen und Obereisesheim) handelt es sich bei den fossilführenden Sedimenten um Sande, Kiese und Hochflutlehme, welche die vorletztkaltzeitlichen Schotter der 5-7 m-Terrasse i.S.v. Bibus (2002) abschließen. Die Molluskenfunde bestätigen, dass es sich im mittleren Neckarbecken bei Hochflutsedimenten auf der 5-7 m-Terrasse um warmzeitliche Bildungen handelt, welche in das Eem gestellt werden müssen. Die gleiche Höhenlage der Vorkommen belegt, dass es nach dem Eem im Heilbronner Raum zu keiner großräumigen Tektonik gekommen ist. In Bietigheim-Bissingen wurden Mittelterrassenschotter (Basis ca. 20 m über Enzniveau) sowie deren Deckschichten untersucht. Die überaus artenreiche Molluskenfauna mit Theodoxus serratiliniformis, Cochlostoma scalarinum saueri u.a. beweist, dass es sich dabei um ein Äquivalent derjenigen Schotter handelt, deren Molluskenfauna bereits 1914 von Geyer veröffentlicht wurde, und die seitdem zu den bedeutendsten Fundstellen mittelpleistozäner Mollusken in Deutschland zählt. Aufgrund der terrassenmorphologischen Situation sowie zusätzlicher Nachweise chronostratigraphisch aussagekräftiger Molluskenarten, war es erstmals möglich, eine genauere Altersbestimmung durchzuführen. Alle bisher vorliegenden Daten sprechen dafür, dass es sich bei den molluskenführenden Mittelterrassenschottern von Bietigheim-Bissingen um Bildungen der fünftletzten Warmzeit (OIS 13, Cromer IV i.S.v. Zagwijn 1989) handelt.
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Dalla Corte, Tiago, and Thaís Dalla Corte. "Crise, conceito, qualidade e constitucionalização no Brasil – A democracia no século XXI." Dimensões 1, no. 40 (June 26, 2018): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.23871/dimensoes-n40-18230.
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Apesar da democracia não ser a forma de governo que convém a todos os países e, supostamente, estar em declínio, ela é a preponderante no mundo. Desde seu surgimento, a democracia alterou-se, não correspondendo o seu modelo antigo à democracia moderna. Em razão de um somatório de fatores inter-relacionados, a democracia esvaziou-se. Assim, a despeito de existirem atributos comuns, não há uma única forma e significado de democracia em todos os Estados, uma vez que ela formata-se a partir de processos históricos e culturais. Inclusive, muitos países que adotam a forma de governo democrática, nem sequer são democracias de fato. Nesse contexto, o conceito de democracia é dinâmico, pois altera-se conforme especificidades espaciais e temporais, o que ocasiona profusão e confusão em relação ao seu sentido. Por derivar da política, a democracia, em sua essência, é conflituosa. Ainda, por ser variável, é possível a manipulação de sua utilização com o intuito de mascarar intenções hegemônicas como se fossem decorrentes do poder do povo. A Constituição de cada Estado será a responsável por definir a democracia em seu ordenamento jurídico, pois separada da Constituição ela é, apenas, um conceito incompleto e inseguro. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho, por meio do método histórico, objetiva investigar a democracia no que se refere à sua crise, à sua definição, à sua qualidade e à sua constitucionalização no Brasil. Como resultados desta pesquisa, conclui-se que a democracia liberal no século XXI encontra-se em desilusão, sendo que seu conceito liberal não é compatível com os problemas da modernidade, o que reflete na ausência de sua qualidade.
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Cardoso Squeff, Tatiana, Lúcia Souza D'Aquino, and Maria Luiza B. Targa. "O IMPÉRIO DAS MEDIDAS PROVISÓRIAS E A PROTEÇÃO DO MERCADO NO BRASIL EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA." Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 9–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/rchdcp-v11n2-art2235.
Full textAbstract:
Durante a pandemia de Covid-19 e diante da crise por ela gerada, nada mais natural que um governo atue na tentativa de conter não só o alastramento do vírus na sociedade, mas igualmente para mitigar as consequências diretas e indiretas por ele causadas nas mais diversas áreas, com especial atenção àquelas mais vulneráveis. O caso do Brasil não seria diferente se as medidas arquitetadas no âmbito do Poder Executivo não fossem largamente voltadas para setores e pessoas físicas e jurídicas que não necessariamente deveriam ser “socorridas” da forma como restou estipulado. Em vista disso, esse texto tem como objetivo discutir quatro Medidas Provisórias - MPs 925, 948, 958 e 966 - publicadas pelo Executivo brasileiro voltadas a proteção do mercado em detrimento da defesa do consumidor durante a pandemia, a fim de expor, a partir do método indutivo-dedutivo e de uma análise analítico-descritiva, o seu teor e verificar as suas incongruências, em especial, frente ao texto constitucional. Ao cabo, atento à Constituição de 1988 e à condição por ela reconhecida para a proteção da dignidade humana daquele que consome, conclui-se que o Poder Executivo deveria pugnar pela sua defesa em primeiro lugar mesmo em meio à crise múltipla corrente, o que não é o caso das MPs comentadas, cuja inconstitucionalidade demanda que as mesmas não sejam transformadas em Lei pelo Congresso Brasileiro
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Longo, Carlos Roberto Juliano, and Mary Murashima. "Novas fronteiras do ensino." GV-executivo 6, no. 5 (October 3, 2007): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvexec.v6n5.2007.34715.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">O uso de tecnologias de informação no contexto educacional permitiu que as fronteiras da formação executiva fossem ampliadas. Hoje é possível fornecer educação a distância para executivos espalhados por todo o país. Ao mesmo tempo em que essa prática amplia o acesso a informações e conhecimento, integra pessoas e alavanca o desenvolvimento de empresas e profissionais, ela traz também desafios que precisam ser considerados por todos os atores <span style="font-size: 10px;">envolvidos.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> </p>
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Zoia, Alceu, and Odimar João Peripolli. "Terra de negócio versus terra de trabalho: a terra como um direito para além do aparato legal." Revista HISTEDBR On-line 16, no. 69 (February 23, 2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rho.v16i69.8643924.
Full textAbstract:
O desenvolvimento capitalista transformou a terra em propriedade privada, com direitos absolutos dos proprietários sobre ela. Inclusive o direito de não produzir - reserva de valor (terra de negócio). A atual legislação, ao tratar da função social da terra, tenta romper com o conceito de propriedade como um direito sagrado e inviolável, o que tem possibilitado que muitas “cercas” fossem erguidas, impedindo o acesso e/ou a expropriação de muitos trabalhadores. Neste trabalho nos propomos trazer para a reflexão à questão da propriedade da terra enquanto um direito para além do aparato legal. O acesso à terra tem se colocado como condição indispensável para os que buscam se reproduzirem enquanto camponeses. Estamos falando de um bem voltado à produção de toda forma de vida, de outras vivências e convivências (terra de trabalho) para além daquelas impostas pelo projeto do capital. Ou seja, o direito à terra como um direito humano.
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Casanova, Marina De Bem, and Maurício Arpini Quintana. "A PROPRIEDADE INTELECTUAL NA ERA DA INFORMAÇÃO: UMA ABORDAGEM HISTÓRICA ACERCA DOS DIREITOS DO AUTOR E A SUA (IN)ADEQUAÇÃO À ATUAL SOCIEDADE EM REDE." Revista Eletrônica do Curso de Direito da UFSM 8, no. 1 (July 30, 2013): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198136948840.
Full textAbstract:
Em meio ao século XV, Johannes Gutenberg inventava a prensa móvel e, com ela, a possibilidade de que fossem realizadas incontáveis réplicas das obras. Surgia, assim, a necessidade de uma maior proteção dos direitos do autor, não por mera questão de vanglória, mas, também, pela justeza na extração de valor econômico do trabalho. Posteriormente, em 1969, com a invenção da primeira rede de computadores, a possibilidade de replicação de obras foi catapultada para um nível até então inimaginável. Não obstante tudo isso, a legislação autoral, essencialmente internacional, não apresentou grandes mudanças ao longo dos anos. Dessa forma, este artigo pretende demonstrar, por meio de um método hipotético-dedutivo, a parcial obsolescência do tratamento legal despendido aos direitos autorais, uma vez que o rigor excessivo na proteção do autor termina gerando dificuldades não só ao acesso à cultura, mas também à própria criação e desenvolvimento de novas ideias.
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Bezerra, Fernanda De Campos, Erico Da Silva Lima, and Tiago Neves Pereira Valente. "TRATAMENTO DA MASTITE BOVINA PELA HOMEOPATIA: UMA REVISÃO." Nucleus Animalium 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3738/21751463.3770.
Full textAbstract:
A preocupação dos consumidores em adquirem produtos de melhor qualidade, fez aumentar a demanda por produtos orgânicos que fossem mais saudáveis, mas a bovinocultura de leite no Brasil ainda não conseguiu se adequar a essa exigência e em muitas propriedades os antibióticos ainda são usados de forma indiscriminada e uma menor parcela utiliza a homeopatia. Entretanto, a eficácia dos medicamentos homeopáticos ainda hoje é duvidosa, sendo alvo de estudos em vários países. O objetivo dessa revisão foi abordar os últimos estudos homeopáticos na criação de bovinos no Brasil a fim de verificar a eficiência de uso do medicamento. Os defensores da homeopatia afirmam que a falta de conhecimento apropriado do médico veterinário junto com outros entraves de manejo é a causa da baixa eficácia do medicamento, enquanto para outros autores ela não apresentaria resultado nenhum. As pesquisas no campo homeopático carecem de mais investigação, de novas publicações e de divulgação.
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Soares da Silva Giacomolli, Dóris Helena. "A representação literária de La Malinche no século XX." Letras Escreve 9, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.18468/letras.2019v9n1.p143-156.
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<p>Esse artigo tem por objetivo analisar as representações de<em> Malinche</em> na literatura do século XX. <em>La Malinche</em>, batizada pelos espanhóis de Marina, chamada de <em>Doña</em> Marina e também Malinalli, tradutora indígena de Hernán Cortés, teve seu nome quase apagado para que os homens que, se valendo do direito do mais forte, tivessem os seus nomes aclamados como conquistadores, para que alcançassem títulos e fossem relembrados em datas comemorativas. Ela foi nomeada por Hernán Cortés em suas <em>Cartas de relación</em> e, principalmente, por Bernal Díaz em <em>Historia verdadera de la conquista de Nueva España</em>. Conclui-se que os escritores estudados do século XX se pautaram pelas fontes primárias e historiografia para representar sua personagem.</p>
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Paranhos, Adalberto. "Entre o trabalho e a orgia." Música Popular em Revista 1, no. 1 (October 5, 2012): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/muspop.v1i1.12874.
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Durante o primeiro governo Vargas, valores antinômicos circularam socialmente, como aqueles que envolviam o culto ao trabalho regular e metódico e sua negação. Isso se retratou inclusive na produção musical da época, que, de uma forma ou de outra, tomou parte ativa no debate que então se instalou e que oscilava entre a afirmação do batente e a glorificação da batucada. Se a condenação à ociosidade se assenta sobre bases que, no caso brasileiro, remontam aos primórdios do período colonial, ela, historicamente, jamais deixou de conviver com seu oposto. Afinal, nem todos os compositores se deixaram apanhar na rede da exaltação do trabalho propagado pela ideologia do trabalhismo, quando não por integrantes do front artístico nacional. Falas dissonantes repontaram aqui e ali, numa demonstração de que nunca se consegue calar por inteiro as divergências e as diferenças. É o que se propõe evidenciar este artigo, ao trabalhar com a canção (notadamente o samba) como documento histórico e investigar parte da produção fonográfica dos anos 1930 e 1940. Por fim, o que se constata é que, apesar da férrea censura dos organismos oficiais (particularmente do DIP – Departamento de Imprensa e Propaganda) durante o “Estado Novo”, ela não foi suficiente para que se rompessem de vez os estreitos vínculos tecidos entre o samba e a malandragem, por maiores que fossem as ambiguidades e contradições que se expressavam no interior do próprio campo da música popular brasileira.
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Bogucki, Andriy, Olena Tomeniuk, Roman Dmytruk, and Andriy Yatsyshyn. "Watershed Pleistocene loess-soil cover in the Mezhyhirtsi section (Halych-Dnister region)." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 52 (June 27, 2018): 342–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2018.52.10287.
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On the left bank of the Dnister River between the villages of Mezhyhirtsi and Dubivtsi (Halych district, Ivano-Frankivsk region, Ukraine) there are several large mechanized quarries, where raw materials (marl, limestone, gypsum) are mined for PJSC “Ivano-Frankivsk Cement”. It is quarries of limestones and marls of Dubivtsi Suite of the Upper Cretaceous in a lower part of a slope, and gypsum of Tyrassian Suite of the Neogene nearly in a watershed. The amplitude of maximum points of the relief above the Dnister River bed reaches 145 m and it varies in the range of 50-60 m above the oldest terraces of the Dnister River (Loyeva level), which are developed on it right bank (Dnister-Lukva interfluve). Well stratified thick (more than 20 m) Pleistocene loess-soil sequence covering almost all the Brunhes palaeomagnetic chron developed over the gypsum. In particular, it is worth noting that the covering series of sediments in the Mezhyhirtsi section does not lie on the alluvium of the Dnister, but directly on the bedrocks, i.e. outside the Dnister valley. The first general description of the Pleistocene loess-soil series in the Mezhyhirtsi section is given and the fossil malacofauna found in a number of horizons and sub-horizons is presented. There are almost all the stratigraphic horizons of the Pleistocene (from the upper horizon of the Upper Pleistocene loesses (MIS 2) to the palaeosol complex of Zahvizdia (MIS 17-21) and the sediments, which it was formed on) in the section. It is reasoned that the Mezhyhirtsi section requires a comprehensive study. It may become a key section for the Pleistocene of Halych-Dnister region – an area with a well-developed complex of Dnister terraces, a number of Upper and Middle Palaeolithic sites (Mezhyhirtsi, Yezupil I-IX, Kolodiiv, Mariampil I, V, Halych I, II and many others). There are many interdisciplinary studied sections of the Pleistocene deposits (for instance, the Kolodiiv section with a fossil Eem (Horokhiv) peatland or the Halych section with a 50-meter thick covering loess-soil series on the fifth (Halych) terrace of the Dnister River) in the region. The Mezhyhirtsi section is important because it contains the oldest part of the section of the Pleistocene in the Halych-Dnister region, as well as a few palaeobasins (above the Korshiv and Zahvizdia palaeosol complexes), the study of which may provide many new data for reconstruction of the palaeogeographical conditions of the Pleistocene within the Dnister valley and beyond it. Key words: Pleistocene, loess-soil series, key section, palaeobasin, the Matuyama-Brunhes boundary, Halych-Dnister region.