Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fossil Paleobotany Paleobotany

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Academic literature on the topic 'Fossil Paleobotany Paleobotany'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fossil Paleobotany Paleobotany"

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Stokstad, E. "PALEOBOTANY: Fossil Plant Hints How First Flowers Bloomed." Science 296, no. 5569 (May 3, 2002): 821a—821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.296.5569.821a.

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Weber, Reinhard, and Sergio R. S. Cevallos-Ferriz. "Perfil actual y perspectivas de la paleo botánica en México." Botanical Sciences, no. 55 (April 25, 2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1458.

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As n interdisciplinar science, paleobotany-deals with geology and botany. The number of outcrops with fossil plants, in a wide sense, in Mexico surpasses significantly the number -insufficient - of paleobotanist in the country. Following a stratigraphic sequence seven Mexican fossil floras are characterized underlying their research and problematic status. These floras correspond to those of the Matzitzi (Permian) and Santa Clara (Late Triassic) Formations, the Consuelo (Middle Jurassic) Group, the Cerro del Pueblo and Olmos (Late Cretaceous) Formations, and the Ahuehuetes locality and El Cien Formation (Tertiary). Paleobotany has no substitute for the complete understanding of plants, their evolutionary history and extinctions. It gives information about diversity, distribution and interactions that override results obtained on extrapolations based on observations of extant plants and ecosystems. Mexico has a great potential and peculiar geographic location to contribute important paleobotanical information essential for the large synthesis of plant history at a world-wide level.
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Sprinkel, Douglas, Mary Beth Bennis, Dale Gray, and Carole Gee. "Stratigraphic Setting of Fossil Log Sites in the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) near Dinosaur National Monument, Uintah County, Utah, USA." Geology of the Intermountain West 6 (October 31, 2019): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31711/giw.v6.pp61-76.

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The outcrop belt of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation in the northeastern Uinta Basin and southeastern flank of the Uinta Mountains is particularly rich in dinosaurian and non-dinosaurian faunas, as well as in fossil plants. The discovery of several well-preserved, relatively intact, fossil logs at several locations in Rainbow Draw and one location in Miners Draw, both near Dinosaur National Monument (Utah), has provided an opportunity to study the local paleobotany, stratigraphy, and sedimentology of the Morrison Formation in northeastern Utah.
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King, Olivia Anne, Randall F. Miller, and Matt Ryan Stimson. "Ichnology of the Devonian (Emsian) Campbellton Formation, New Brunswick, Canada." Atlantic Geology 53 (February 8, 2017): 001–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4138/atlgeol.2017.001.

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The Campbellton Formation has long been known to yield a fossil assemblage of Devonian (Emsian) fish and eurypterids at its westernmost exposure near Campbellton and Atholville, and a well described flora and early land animal fauna toward its easternmost exposure near Dalhousie Junction. Although the body fossil assemblage (paleobotany, vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology), paleoecology and paleoenvironmental context of the formation have been extensively studied, ichnofossils are rare and have not been described previously. Fossils from the vertebrate and eurypterid bearing ‘Atholville Beds’ contain a low diversity ichnofossil assemblage represented by three ichnotaxa:Monomorphichnus, ?Taenidium and Helminthoidichnites. Monomorphichnus is proposed here as being produced by the produced by the activity of the eurypterid Pterygotus anglicus.
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CLEAL, CHRISTOPHER J. "THE PALEOBOTANICAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF CHARLES JAMES FOX BUNBURY (1809–1886)." Earth Sciences History 37, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-37.1.88.

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ABSTRACT During the 1850s, Charles James Fox Bunbury, 8th Baronet Bunbury, was Britain's leading paleobotanist, who published a series of papers on fossil floras of Carboniferous, Jurassic and Neogene age. He also planned a major synoptic review of paleobotany, to rival Brongniart's Histoire de végétaux fossiles. He was financially comfortably-off, and well-connected with the scientific community in the London of his day. However, he failed to fulfil his ambitions in this field due to a combination of a lack of experience, and that on the death of his father he had to take over the running of the family estate. Today he is mainly remembered as the author of a number of names of still widely used fossil-taxa. Nevertheless, he fulfilled an important role in maintaining paleobotanical interest in Britain during the middle part of the nineteenth century.
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Currano, Ellen D. "Ancient Bug Bites on Ancient Plants Record Forest Ecosystem Response to Environmental Perturbations." Paleontological Society Papers 19 (October 2013): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600002722.

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Leaf-compression fossils with insect feeding traces are unique in providing rich, direct evidence of two levels in a fossil food web. Plant-insect associations dominate terrestrial trophic interactions, emphasizing the need to understand their ecological and evolutionary history. This paper first discusses methods of recognizing insect herbivore damage on fossil leaves and quantifying fossil insect herbivory. By conducting an unbiased insect damage census, damage frequency (percent of leaves with insect feeding damage), percent of leaf surface area removed by insects, and damage diversity (the number of discrete damage morphotypes, or DTs, found on a fossil flora or individual host plant) can all be measured. Three examples of responses of past plant-insect trophic interactions to environmental stresses are examined. In the first case study, late Oligocene fossil floras from Ethiopia document forest response to local perturbation and key characteristics to recognize disturbance in the plant fossil record. The second case study considers the terrestrial ecosystem response to the catastrophic global perturbation at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary. In the third case study, the impact of past global warming events—including the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum—on insect herbivory is discussed. Productive avenues for further research include: insect damage studies conducted outside the North American Cretaceous and Paleogene, actualistic and taphonomic studies of insect herbivory, and tighter collaboration across paleobotany, paleoentomology, botany, and entomology.
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Rushing, Ann E., and Shripad N. Agashe. "Paleobotany. Plants of the past, Their Evolution, Paleoenvironment and Application in Exploration of Fossil Fuels." Bryologist 100, no. 4 (1997): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3244424.

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Stockey, Ruth A., Georgia L. Hoffman, and Gar W. Rothwell. "Paleobotany and paleoecology of Gao Mine, a late Paleocene fossil locality near Red Deer, Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 50, no. 3 (March 2013): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2012-0073.

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In addition to having a rich assemblage of mammalian fossils, the Gao Mine locality in the Paskapoo Formation of south-central Alberta has yielded numerous plant specimens of late Paleocene (late Tiffanian or Ti5) age. The plant fossils are preserved in siltstones and fine-grained sandstones interpreted as overbank sediments that were deposited on an aggrading floodplain. The assemblage is dominated by the cupressaceous conifer Metasequoia foxii and the cercidiphyllaceous dicot Joffrea speirsiae, including their well-preserved seedlings. The flora also contains foliage of the ferns Onoclea and Speirseopteris and the woody dicots Palaeocarpinus, Aphananthe/Celtis, Aesculus, Beringiaphyllum, ?Trochodendron, and Wardiaphyllum, as well as seedlings of unknown dicotyledonous angiosperms. Metasequoia foxii and Speirseopteris are unique to the floras of Gao Mine and the nearby Munce’s Hill site (Tiffanian Ti4). The remainder of the taxa are common in late Paleocene floras of North Dakota, Montana, and Wyoming, all USA. The floras of the nearby Joffre Bridge Roadcut and Blindman River sites (both Tiffanian Ti3) are more diverse, but both of those sites encompass a wider range of depositional environments and may include higher percentages of allochthonous material. Most of the Gao Mine material is autochthonous. The seedlings were buried in place, along with the surrounding leaf litter, preserving a record of the local plant community.
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Hoffman, Georgia L., and Ruth A. Stockey. "Geological setting and paleobotany of the Joffre Bridge Roadcut fossil locality (Late Paleocene), Red Deer Valley, Alberta." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-095.

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The Joffre Bridge Roadcut locality (Paskapoo Formation) in south-central Alberta yields plant, mammal, fish, and insect fossils. A Late Paleocene (Tiffanian) age is indicated by mammalian fossils, supported by magnetostratigraphy and palynostratigraphy. This paper summarizes the flora (28 taxa have been identified to date) and describes the sedimentology to provide a paleoenvironmental context. Outcrops at the site are limited, but seven stratigraphic units are recognized and are interpreted to represent five environments of deposition: flood plain, fluvial channel, abandoned channel, swamp, and crevasse splay. The flood-plain mudstones lack identifiable plant material due to bioturbation and pedogenesis. They are capped by a thin, clay-rich paleosol with scattered vertebrate bones. An upward-fining sequence, interpreted as fluvial channel and channel abandonment sediments, rests directly on the paleosol and includes remains of riparian trees. Carbonaceous mudstone, interpreted as a swamp facies, includes remains of only five taxa (taxodiaceous conifers and riparian trees). Light-coloured mudstones on top of the swamp facies include a more diverse assemblage (aquatic and understory plants, taxodiaceous conifers, and riparian trees). Those beds are interpreted as the distal margin of an encroaching crevasse splay. Overlying sediments coarsen upward and are unfossiliferous, except for one occurrence of articulated fish skeletons from a mass-death event. The most productive beds for plant fossils are the top of the channel-abandonment sequence, the swamp horizon, and the base of the crevasse splay. Those beds have also yielded some insect, fish, and mammal remains.
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Friis, Else Marie, Federica Marone, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen, Peter R. Crane, and Marco Stampanoni. "Three-dimensional visualization of fossil flowers, fruits, seeds, and other plant remains using synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM): new insights into Cretaceous plant diversity." Journal of Paleontology 88, no. 4 (July 2014): 684–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/13-099.

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The application of synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) to the study of mesofossils of Cretaceous age has created new possibilities for the three-dimensional visualization and analysis of the external and internal structure of critical plant fossil material. SRXTM provides cellular and subcellular resolution of comparable or higher quality to that obtained from permineralized material using thin sections or the peel technique. SRXTM also has the advantage of being non-destructive and results in the rapid acquisition of large quantities of data in digital form. SRXTM thus refocuses the effort of the investigator from physical preparation to the digital post-processing of X-ray tomographic data, which allows great flexibility in the reconstruction, visualization, and analysis of the internal and external structure of fossil material in multiple planes and in two or three dimensions. A review of recent applications in paleobotany demonstrates that SRXTM will dramatically expand the level of information available for diverse fossil plants. Future refinement of SRXTM approaches that further increases resolution and eases digital post-processing, will transform the study of mesofossils and create new possibilities for advancing paleobotanical knowledge. We illustrate these points using a variety of Cretaceous mesofossils, highlighting in particular those cases where SRXTM has been essential for resolving critical structural details that have enhanced systematic understanding and improved phylogenetic interpretations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fossil Paleobotany Paleobotany"

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Blake, Bascombe Mitchel. "Carboniferous paleobotany and paleoclimatology of the central Appalachian Basin, West Virginia, U.S.A." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10655.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 240 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Currano, Ellen Diane. "Variations in insect herbivory on angiosperm leaves through the late Paleocene and early Eocene in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA /." View online, 2008. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideFiles/ETD-2863/Thesis_Currano_final.pdf.

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Tomescu, Alexandru Mihail Florian. "Late Ordovician - Early Silurian terrestrial biotas of Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania : an investigation into the early colonization of land /." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1108479418.

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Huerta, Mariana Angelica. "Postglacial vegetation, fire, and climate history of Blacktail Pond, Northern Yellowstone National Park, WY." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/huerta/HuertaM0508.pdf.

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Previous studies in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) suggest intensification of the summer-dry and summer-wet patterns in Yellowstone during the early Holocene when increased summer insolation caused atmospheric circulation patterns to strengthen. To examine this hypothesis further, pollen and high-resolution charcoal records were analyzed from Blacktail Pond to reconstruct fire and vegetation histories near the present transition between summer-wet and summer-dry conditions. The site currently lies in Pseudotsuga parkland with Artemisia steppe at lower elevations around the pond. The site supported sparse tundra prior to 12,000 cal yr B.P. and fires were uncommon. Between 12,000 and 11,000 cal yr B.P, fire activity increased and Picea-Pinus parkland was established. These changes are consistent with increasing temperature and moisture. Between 11,000 and 7600 cal yr B.P., pollen evidence of a Pinus-Picea-Abies forest is consistent with increased winter moisture, while high fire activity at this time indicates that summers had lower effective moisture than at present. Between 7600 and 4000 cal yr B.P., vegetation around the site shifted to parkland dominated by Pinus, Picea, Pseudotsuga, and Artemisia indicating that effective winter moisture decreased. Fire activity continued to be high during this time suggesting summers maintained low effective moisture. The development of Artemisia steppe around the site over the last 4000 years indicates that effective winter moisture decreased, while decreased fire activity indicates that effective summer moisture increased during this time. Winter conditions during the early Holocene that resemble a summer-wet site along with summer conditions at the same time resembling a summer-dry site could be a result of the geographical setting of Blacktail Pond near the boundary between these two precipitation regimes. Poaceae/Artemisia pollen ratios were used to infer wet/dry climate oscillations during the late Holocene. The fluctuations correspond well with other paleoclimate data from northern Yellowstone National Park (Gennett and Baker, 1986; Hadly, 1996; Meyer et al., 1995), and suggest that conditions were drier from 3775-3125, 2475-2225, 1700- 675, and 425-75 cal yr B.P.
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Greenwood, David Robert. "The foliar physiognomic analysis and taphonomy of leaf beds derived from modern Australia rainforest." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg8165.pdf.

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Demko, Timothy Michael. "Taphonomy of fossil plants in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187397.

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Fossil plants in the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation are preserved in fluvial channel, overbank, and lacustrine deposits. Plant-bearing units in these deposits are classified into seven types based on these depositional environments or subenvironments. Taphonomic characteristics of these assemblages, and of individual plant fossils within them, indicate that most plant fossils have either not been transported far from their growth sites or are preserved in situ. One particular deposit in the central part of Petrified Forest National Park preserves fossil plants in three associations: (1) allochthonous logs in basal lags in a channel-fill/lateral accretion deposits; (2) autochthonous horsetail trunks and parautochthonous horsetail leaves in a crevasse-splay deposits; and (3) parautochthonous and autochthonous cycadaceous, fern and other types of leaves, and erect and prostrate trunks in a paludal/distal splay deposits. Exposures of contemporaneous high-sinuosity channel and overbank deposits in this area enabled the reconstruction of the local paleogeography, paleohydrology, and paleoecology at a high resolution. Fossil plant assemblages of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation are concentrated in the lower members of the formation. The lower part of the Chinle Formation was deposited in an incised valley system. Depositional, hydrological, and near-surface geochemical conditions in the incised valley system were conducive to preservation of terrestrial organic material, even though regional conditions were characterized by seasonal/monsoonal precipitation and groundwater conditions. Fossil plant assemblages preserved in these types of fully terrestrial incised valley-fills are taphonomically biased towards riparian wetland environments.
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Grigg, Laurie Davis. "Millennial-scale vegetation and climate variations in the Pacific Northwest during the last glacial period (60,000-16,000 cal yr B.P.) /." view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9998032.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-250). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Crifo, Camilla. "VARIATIONS IN ANGIOSPERM LEAF VEIN DENSITY HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERPRETING LIFE FORM IN THE FOSSIL RECORD." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1375987428.

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Itzstein-Davey, Freea. "Changes in the abundance and diversity of the Proteaceae over the Cainozoic in south-western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0040.

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South-western Australia is a globally significant hotspot of plant species diversity, with high endemism and many rare plant species. Proteaceae is a major component of the south-western flora, though little is known about how its diversity developed. This prompted the present study to investigate changes in the abundance and diversity of Proteaceae, in south-western Australia, by concurrently studying three sediment sequences of different ages over the Cainozoic and a modern pollen rain study. Modern pollen-vegetation relationships in the two Proteaceae species rich nodes of the northern and southern sandplains were quantified. It was found that Proteaceous genera can contribute up to 50% of the total pollen rain. Banksia/Dryandra pollen was the most abundant with Isopogon, Petrophile and Lambertia also commonly noted. The vegetation and environmental setting during three pivotal periods of the Cainozoic: Holocene, Pliocene and Eocene, were investigated. Eocene sediment from Lake Lefroy confirmed the presence of a Nothofagus dominated rainforest in the Middle to Late Eocene. At this time Proteaceae species were at least as diverse as today, if not more so, contributing up to a maximum of 42% of the total pollen rain. Taxa recorded included: Banksieaeidites arcuatus, Propylipollis biporus, Proteacidites confragosus, Proteacidites crassus, Proteacidites nasus and Proteacidites pachypolus. Several taxa remain undescribed and unnamed. This study also identified that Proteaceae pollen representation varies across small lateral distances. Thus as samples varied spatially and temporally, single core samples are not sufficient to identify spatial patterns in Proteaceae or other low pollen producing taxa. Some 7.91 cm of laminated Pliocene sediment from Yallalie, south-western Australia, was also examined. It covers 84 years of record and confirmed other regional reports that south-western Australia was covered by a rich vegetation mosaic consisting of heathy and wet rainforest elements. Although Proteaceae species were a consistent component of the pollen counts, diversity and abundance (maximum of 5%) was low throughout the studied section. Banksia/Dryandra types were most commonly noted. A 2 m core was retrieved from Two Mile Lake, near the Stirling Ranges and provided an early Holocene vegetation history. Geochemical and palynological evidence recorded little change, suggesting the environment of deposition was relatively uniform. Proteaceae species were noted throughout the core, though in low numbers, at a maximum of 3.5 % of the total pollen rain. Banksia/Dryandra was the most abundant while Isopogon, Lambertia, Petrophile and Franklandia were also noted. A regression model was developed through the modern pollen rain study to predict the number of Proteaceae in the vegetation. This was also applied to the fossil pollen records. The estimated number of Proteaceae species in the Eocene suggests a maximum of 20 and a minimum of 10 taxa. For the Pliocene record, an estimated 7 - 9 species was found and for the Holocene pollen, between 7 - 8 were present. Thus the Eocene was similar in Proteaceae diversity to today. The results from the Pliocene and Holocene suggest that Proteaceae diversity was lower than today. Findings of this research indicate that Proteaceae species are an important and consistent component of vegetation in south-western Australia over the Cainozoic. It is likely that both changing pollination mechanisms and changes in associated vegetation are important in the determining the dispersal of Proteaceaous pollen. By understanding how the vegetation has changed and developed in south-western Australia, present vegetation can be managed to include intra-specific variation and ensure the majority of species are conserved for present and future generations to enjoy.
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Schmidt, Isabela Degani. "Variação das frequências estomáticas em folhas de glossopteris no permiano da Bacia do Paraná (Formação Rio Bonito) e sua relação com níveis paleoatmosféricos de CO2." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115526.

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Está demonstrado em plantas atuais que níveis atmosféricos de CO2 e frequência estomática estão inversamente correlacionados. A utilização de dados estomáticos na calibração das curvas de CO2 paleoatmosférico do Fanerozoico tem sido eficiente não apenas para o Cenozoico, mas também apresenta excelente correspondência desde o Eodevoniano. Cutículas de glossopterídeas provenientes das jazidas de carvão de Faxinal (RS) e Figueira (PR), incluídas em níveis estratigráficos distintos da Formação Rio Bonito (Sakmariano e Artinskiano respectivamente), viabilizaram análises para floras desenvolvidas sob a vigência de megaciclo icehouse. Cabe ressaltar que o uso de glossopterídeas, classificadas dentro do grupo extinto das Pteridospermophyta, esbarra na impossibilidade de se estabelecer um equivalente ecológico atual, dada a ausência de relações taxonômicas, estruturais e ecológicas com grupos viventes. Portanto, optou-se por uma abordagem proposta por outros autores como alternativa para diferentes grupos de pteridospermas, que consistiu em comparar entre si resultados de análises estomáticas na morfo-espécie Glossopteris communis Feistmantel procedente de distintos níveis associados a carvões na Bacia do Paraná. O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi estabelecer possíveis relações entre os padrões estomáticos calculados e flutuações nos teores de CO2 paleoatmosférico. A metodologia consistiu em resgatar mecanica e quimicamente as cutículas da rocha matriz, clareá-las em solução de Schulze e montá-las em lâminas de gelatina glicerinada para observação em microscopia de luz transmitida. A observação deu-se com auxílio de filtro de contraste por interferência diferencial e as contagens foram feitas com o auxílio de programa para análise de imagens. As técnicas de estudo compreenderam cálculos de densidade estomática (DE- número de estômatos por unidade de área da folha) e índice estomático (IE- percentual de estômatos sobre o total de células epidérmicas). Os resultados obtidos foram de DE média= 234,73 e IE médio= 15,7 para a jazida de Faxinal (Sakmariano) e de DE média= 284,14 e IE= 18,9 para a jazida de Figueira (Artinskiano). Esses valores enquadram-se dentro da curva global de CO2 atmosférico para o Fanerozoico (modelo GEOCARB). As frequências estomáticas mais baixas das folhas do Faxinal com relação àquelas de Figueira foram relacionadas a processo de reversão temporária da tendência global de baixos teores de CO2 atmosférico para a base do Permiano. Essa reversão é atribuída à provável influência de fatores paleoecológicos locais relativos à grande extensão das turfeiras na parte sul da bacia, responsável pela emissão em larga escala de gases-estufa. Além disso, a flora de Faxinal está preservada em uma camada de tonstein, registro de atividade vulcânica que poderia ter afetado os níveis de CO2. Por outro lado, as turfeiras de registro muito esparso ocorrentes no nordeste da bacia, em intervalo mais jovem, por sua pequena extensão e ausência de indícios de vulcanismo, não alteraram o padrão paleoatmosférico. Estudos focados no final do Paleozoico têm especial relevância porque, nesse intervalo vigoravam, nas diferentes paleolatitudes, condições ambientais análogas àquelas ocorrentes na atualidade, como a existência de calotas de gelo nos pólos e períodos de aquecimento global.
In extant plants stomatal frequency and the concentration of the atmospheric CO2 have been shown to correlate inversely. The use of stomatal data to calibrate phanerozoic paleoatmospheric CO2 curves has been considered a reliable technique not only for the Cenozoic estimates but also for results obtained since the Early Devonian. Glossopterid cuticles from Faxinal and Figueira coalfields (respectively in Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná States) from distinct stratigraphic levels in the Rio Bonito Formation allowed stomatal counting for floras developed under icehouse megacycle. However, it is important to highlight that the efficiency of Glossopteris, classified in the extinct group of Pteridospermophyta, is restricted as paleo-CO2 proxy for the Paleozoic due to the difficulty of establishing a nearest living equivalent for it, given the lack of taxonomic, structural and ecological relationships with extant groups. Thus it was here adopted an alternative approach proposed by different authors analyzing other groups of pteridosperms, which consists in comparing results obtained from the morphospecies Glossopteris communis Feistmantel between two different coal levels in the Paraná Basin. The general aim of this study was to establish possible relations between the calculated stomatal patterns and the fluctuation in the paleoatmospheric CO2 levels. The methodology consisted in mechanically and chemically isolating the cuticles from the matrix rock, bleaching them with Schulze solution and then mounting glycerin jelly slides for observation in transmitted light microscopy. The microscopic observation was made using a differential interference contrast filter and the counting was carried out with the help of software for image analysis. The study techniques included the calculation of stomatal densities (SD- number of stomata per foliar area unit) and of stomatal indices (SI- a ratio of the number of the stomata to the total number of epidermal cells). The results were mean SD= 234.73 and mean SI= 15.7 in Faxinal coalfield (Sakmarian) and mean SD= 284.14 and SI= 18.9 in Figueira coalfield (Artinskian). These values agree with the curve of global atmospheric CO2 for the Phanerozoic (GEOCARB model). The lower stomatal frequencies detected at the climax of the coal interval (Faxinal coalfield, Sakmarian) when compared to the higher ones obtained in leaves from a younger interval (Figueira coalfield, Artinskian) could be attributed to temporarily high levels of atmospheric CO2. Therefore, the occurrence of an extensive peat generating event at the southern part of the basin and the consequent greenhouse gases emissions from this environment may have been enough to reverse regionally and temporarily the reduction trend in atmospheric CO2. Additionally, the Faxinal flora is preserved in a tonstein layer, which is a record of a volcanic activity that could also imply a rise in atmospheric CO2. During the Artinskian, the scarce generation of peat mires, as revealed by the occurrence of thin and discontinuous coal layers, and the lack of volcanism evidences would be insufficient to affect the general low CO2 trend. Studies focused in the Late Paleozoic are especially relevant because of the presently shared icehouse climate with glacial-interglacial cyclicity which includes times of global warming.
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Books on the topic "Fossil Paleobotany Paleobotany"

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L, Taylor Edith, Krings Michael, and ScienceDirect (Online service), eds. Paleobotany: The biology and evolution of fossil plants. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Academic Press/Elsevier, 2009.

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Plant fossils. New York: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2012.

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R, Jennings James. Guide to Pennsylvanian fossil plants of Illinois. Champaign, IL (615 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign 61820): Illinois State Geological Survey, 1990.

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4

Agashe, Shripad N. Paleobotany: Plants of the past, their evolution, paleoenvironment, and application in exploration of fossil fuels. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1995.

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M, Anderson John, ed. Molteno ferns: Late Triassic biodiversity in southern Africa. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), 2008.

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6

Givulescu, Răzvan. Flora fosilă a Miocenului superior de la Chiuzbaia (județul Maramureș). București: Editura Academiei Române, 1990.

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L, Stone John, ed. Some late pleistocene diatoms of the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. Berlin: J. Cramer, 1986.

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8

Chochieva, K. I. Iskopaemye Taxodiaceae Kolkhidy. Tbilisi: "Met͡s︡niereba", 1985.

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Sergeevna, Trifonova Irina, ed. Diatomovye vodorosli--indikatory prirodnykh usloviĭ vodoemov v golot͡s︡ene. Leningrad: Izd-vo "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1985.

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M, Sreelatha P., ed. Oamaru diatoms. Berlin: J. Cramer, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fossil Paleobotany Paleobotany"

1

Grega, Lisa, Adam Novotny, Christopher Stabile, Mackenzie L. Taylor, Charles P. Daghlian, and Jeffrey M. Osborn. "Aerodynamics of Fossil Pollen." In Transformative Paleobotany, 253–69. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813012-4.00013-9.

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Tomescu, Alexandru M. F., Benjamin Bomfleur, Alexander C. Bippus, and Adolfina Savoretti. "Why Are Bryophytes So Rare in the Fossil Record? A Spotlight on Taphonomy and Fossil Preservation." In Transformative Paleobotany, 375–416. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813012-4.00016-4.

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Walker, Christopher, Carla J. Harper, Mark C. Brundrett, and Michael Krings. "Looking for Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Fossil Record." In Transformative Paleobotany, 481–517. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813012-4.00020-6.

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Heinrichs, Jochen, Kathrin Feldberg, Julia Bechteler, Ledis Regalado, Matthew A. M. Renner, Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp, Carsten Gröhn, Patrick Müller, Harald Schneider, and Michael Krings. "A Comprehensive Assessment of the Fossil Record of Liverworts in Amber." In Transformative Paleobotany, 213–52. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813012-4.00012-7.

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Schwendemann, Andrew B. "Leaf Venation Density and Calculated Physiological Characteristics of Fossil Leaves From the Permian of Gondwana." In Transformative Paleobotany, 613–28. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813012-4.00025-5.

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Friis, Else Marie, Peter R. Crane, and Kaj R. Pedersen. "Fossil Seeds With Affinities to Austrobaileyales and Nymphaeales From the Early Cretaceous (Early to Middle Albian) of Virginia and Maryland, USA." In Transformative Paleobotany, 417–35. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813012-4.00017-6.

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TAYLOR, T. "Introduction to Paleobotany, How Fossil Plants are Formed." In Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants, 1–42. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-373972-8.00001-2.

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Graham, Alan. "Methods, Principles, Strengths, and Limitations." In Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of North American Vegetation (North of Mexico). Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113426.003.0007.

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Abstract:
Methods of paleovegetation analysis can be grouped into two broad categories. Those that use plant microfossils for reconstructing terrestrial vegetation, past environments, migrations, and evolutionary histories constitute a part of paleopalynology that includes the study of pollen, spores, other acid-resistant microscopic structures, and phytoliths (distinctive, microscopic silicate particles produced by vascular plants). Those that use plant megafossils such as leaves, cuticles, cones, flowers, fruits, and seeds constitute paleobotany. Two important subdisciplines of paleobotany are dendrochronology (fossil woods) and analysis of packrat middens. The latter are sequences of nesting materials, constructed by packrats of the genus Neotoma, preserved in arid environments of the American southwest. The study of fossil fruits and seeds is a specialized field within paleobotany, and it is also used in studies on Quaternary vegetational history in the preparation of seed diagrams accompanying pollen and spore profiles from bog and lake sequences. In 1916 Swedish geologist Lennart von Post demonstrated that pollen grains and spores were abundantly preserved in Quaternary peat deposits and could be used to trace recent forest history and climatic change (Davis and Faegri, 1967). The term palynology was subsequently introduced by Hyde and Williams in 1944 to include all studies concerned with pollen and spores. Paleopalynology has come to denote the study of acid-resistant microfossils generally, while pollen analysis designates those investigations dealing specifically with the Quaternary. In the early 1950s researchers in the petroleum industry began to routinely apply paleopalynology to problems of stratigraphic correlation and the reconstruction of depositional environments in Tertiary and older strata (Hoffmeister, 1959). This added a practical dimension to a mostly academic pursuit and fostered interest in applied palynology and its use as a paleoecological research tool. This important development is reflected in the increased number of publications after about 1955. As the history of other innovations might predict, there was a period of exuberant claims, isolated specialization, and exaggerated charges of deficiency in the method; but for palynology this seemingly inevitable period was mercifully brief. The different terminology, principles, and techniques involved in megafossil paleobotany and paleopalynology still result in specialization, but this limitation is frequently overcome by coordinated or collaborative projects, and an increasing number of practitioners work in both disciplines.
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9

Morey, Elsie Darrah. "Carl Rudolf Florin (1894–1965): A pioneer in fossil-conifer studies." In Historical Perspective of Early Twentieth Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America. Geological Society of America, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/mem185-p119.

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Morey, Elsie Darrah, and Paul C. Lyons. "Correspondence and plant-fossil exchanges between William C. Darrah and European paleobotanists (1932–1951)." In Historical Perspective of Early Twentieth Century Carboniferous Paleobotany in North America. Geological Society of America, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/mem185-p35.

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