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1
Prasad, Girijesh. "Performance monitoring and control for economical fossil power plant operation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264537.
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Nsanzubuhoro, Christa. "Optimisation of feedwater heaters and geothermal preheater in fossil-geothermal hybrid power plant." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31128.
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Sufficient energy supply is a fundamental necessity for the stimulation of socio-economic advancement. However, the current rapid rise in urbanisation has resulted in the significant increase in energy demands. Consequently, the current conventional energy supply systems are facing numerous challenges in meeting the world's growing demand for energy sustainably. Thus, there is an urgent and compelling need to develop innovative, more effective ways to integrate sustainable renewable energy solutions into the already existing systems or better yet, create new systems that all together make use of renewable energy. This research aims to investigate and establish the optimum working conditions of a feedwater heater and geothermal preheater in a power plant that makes use of both renewable and non-renewable energy resources, where renewable energy (geothermal energy) is used to boost the power output in an environmentally sustainable way. Henceforth, a simplified model of a Rankine cycle with single reheat and regeneration and another model with a geothermal preheater substituting the low-pressure feedwater heater were designed. The Engineering Equations Solver (EES) software was used to perform an analysis of the thermodynamic performance of the two models designed. The models were used to analyse the energetic and exergetic effects of replacing a low-pressure feedwater heater with a geothermal preheater sourcing heat from a low temperature geothermal resource (temperature generally < 150°C). The results of this research work reveal that the replacement of the low-pressure feedwater heater with a geothermal preheater increases the power generated since less heat is bled from the low-pressure turbine (allowing more heat energy from the steam to be converted into mechanical energy in the turbine). Applying the principle of the Second Law of thermodynamics analysis, the Number of Entropy Generation Units (EGU) and Entropy Generation Minimisation (EGM) analysis were employed to optimise the designed hybrid system. The feedwater heaters and geothermal preheater were modelled as counter-flow heat exchangers and a downhole co-axial heat exchanger, respectively. The feedwater heaters were optimised by means of the method of Number of Entropy Generation Units whereas the geothermal preheater was optimised by means of the Entropy Generation Minimisation analysis method. Owing to the optimisation of these components, the operating conditions of the boiler and turbines were secondarily improved. Overall, this research emphasises the impact renewable energy has on major power plant systems that are in operation and run on non-renewables.
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Vedin, Felix. "System analysis of a fossil free steel manufacturing plant powered by an offshore wind power farm." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299938.
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Major changes are taking place in the Sweden’s electricity system and steel industry. Through political agreements, the current government has set national goals of 100% renewable electricity generation and a net zero GHG emissions industry by 2040. This will be achieved by increasing renewable power generation, mainly wind power. In the steel industry, the steel manufacturing groups are beginning to transition to an electricity-based steel manufacturing processes to reduce their GHG emissions. The Swedish steel manufacturing group SSAB and the mining group LKAB, together with Vattenfall, are developing an alternative steel production process free from fossil-based sources. It is called HYBRIT, an alternative technique to reduce iron ore with hydrogen gas, instead of coal which is used today. By producing hydrogen with electrolysis, applying hydrogen reduction technology, and replacing coal powered blast furnaces with electrified arc furnaces for melting the steel, it is possible to create a green and environmentally friendly steel industry. This technique was simulated in a computer model where electricity flows and system component capacity requirements were calculated. The simulation was made of an existing steel manufacturing plant in Oxelösund. A hypothetical case was made where the plant has a fully incorporated HYBRIT steel production chain. Its main power source was a nearby offshore wind power farm which is a planned project by Svea Vind Offshore. Previous studies have simulated HYBRIT steel manufacturing in computer models. However, no similar studies have been made on how these systems operate with variable availability of renewable power. From two studied wind power farm layouts, the results found a relationship between the needed electrolysis capacity as a function of the concentration recycled steel used in the process and the yearly steel production demand. Using the stated goal of SSAB where they use 50% recycled steel as a reference, it was calculated that 286 – 309 MW electrolysis unitsis needed for a yearly steel production of 1.6 million tonnes.Det sker stora förändringar inom Sveriges elkraftsystem och stålindustri. Den nuvarande regeringen har genom politiska överenskommelser satt nationella mål på 100% förnybar elproduktion, och nollnetto GHG utsläpp inom industrin, tills 2040. Det ska nås genom att öka förnyelsebar elproduktion, huvudsakligen vindkraft. I stålindustrin har ståltillverkningskoncernerna börjat övergå till en elektrifierad ståltillverkningsprocess för att minska utsläppen. Den svenska stålkoncernen SSAB, och gruvdriftskoncernen LKAB, tillsammans med Vattenfall utvecklar en alternativ ståltillverkningsprocess som är fri från fossila källor. Det heter HYBRIT, och är en alternativ metod för att reducera järnmalm med vätgas, i stället för kol som används idag. Genom att producera vätgas med elektrolys, installera vätgasreduktionsteknik, och ersätta de koldrivna masugnarna med eldrivna ljusbågsugnar för att smälta stålet, är det möjligt att skapa en grön och miljövänlig stålindustri. Denna teknik simulerades i en datormodell där elektricitetsflöden och begränsningarna på kapaciteten på systemkomponenterna beräknades. Simuleringen gjordes på ett existerande stålverk i Oxelösund. Ett hypotetiskt fall sattes upp där verket har inkorporerat hela HYBRIT stålproduktionskedjan. Den huvudsakliga kraftkällan var en närliggande havsbaserad vindkraftspark som är ett föreslagit projekt av Svea Vind Offshore. Tidigare studier har simulerat ståltillverkning med HYBRIT teknik i datamodeller. Men, det finns ingen liknade studie som har studerat hur dessa system fungerar med en varierande tillgänglighet på förnyelsebar effekt. Utifrån två studerade vindkraftsparkdesigner blev resultatet en relation mellan den behövda elektrolyskapaciteten som en funktion av andelen återvunnet stål i processen samt det årliga stålproduktionsbehovet. Genom att använda SSAB:s framtida mål där de använder 50% återvunnet stål som referens, beräknades det att 286 – 309 MW elektrolysenheter behövs för en årlig produktion på 1.6 millioner ton stål.
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Grove, Elmi. "Feasibility study on the implementation of a boiling condenser in a South African fossil fuel power plant." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61293.
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The South African electricity mix is highly dependent on subcritical coal-fired power stations.
The average thermal efficiency of these power plants is low. Traditional methods to increase
the thermal efficiency of the cycle have been widely studied and implemented. However,
utilising the waste heat at the condenser, which accounts for the biggest heat loss in the cycle,
presents a large potential to increase the thermal efficiency of the cycle. Several methods can
be implemented for the recovery and utilisation of low-grade waste heat.
This theoretical study focuses on replacing the traditional condenser in a fossil fuel power
station with a boiling condenser (BC), which operates in a similar manner to the core of a
boiling water reactor at a nuclear power plant (Sharifpur, 2007). The system was theoretically
tested at the Komati Power Station, South Africa's oldest power station. The power station
presented an average low-grade waste heat source. The BC cycle was theoretically tested with
several working fluids and numerous different configurations. Several of the theoretical
configurations indicated increased thermal efficiency of the cycle. The BC cycle configurations
were also tested in two theoretical scenarios.
Thirty configurations and 103 working fluids were tested in these configurations. The
configuration that indicated the highest increase in thermal efficiency was the BC cycle with
regeneration (three regenerative heat exchangers) from the BC turbine. A 2.4% increase in
thermal efficiency was obtained for the mentioned theoretical implementation of this
configuration. The working fluid tested in this configuration was ethanol. This configuration
also indicated a 7.6 MW generating capacity.
The increased thermal efficiency of the power station presents benefits not only in increasing
the available capacity on South Africa's strained grid, but also environmental benefits. The
mentioned reduction of 7.6 MW in heat released into the atmosphere also indicated a direct environmental benefit. The increase in thermal efficiency could also reduce CO2 emissions
released annually in tons per MW by 5.74%.
The high-level economic analysis conducted, based on the theoretically implemented BC cycle
with the highest increase in thermal efficiency, resulted in a possible saving of R46 million per
annum. This translated to a saving of R19.2 million per annum for each percentage increase
in thermal efficiency brought about by the BC cycle.
The theoretical implementation of the BC, with regeneration (three regenerative heat
exchangers) from the BC turbine and ethanol as a working fluid, not only indicated an increase
in thermal efficiency, but also significant economic and environmental benefits.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
5
Cardenas, Nicolas. "Feasibility study into the use of digital image correlation for creep strain monitoring of fossil power plant welds." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29595.
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The life span of high temperature power plant pipework is principally a function of material creep damage - an irreversible plastic deformation of the material when subjected to temperatures and loads beyond a certain threshold. Within Eskom, the South African parastatal power utility, creep damage is primarily quantified by way of Metallographic Replication (replicas). This is a quasi NonDestructive Examination (NDE) technique that looks at the microstructure of the sample in question. Although well-known and used extensively, replicas, as with any technology, have their shortcomings. Extracting of replicas and their subsequent analysis are manual processes that inherently suffer from subjectivity. Furthermore, storage and archiving of vast quantities of physical replica slides for future reference is cumbersome - a challenge that digitisation can address. The aforementioned vulnerability to analysis subjectivity and benefits of digitisation are areas which a technology known as Digital Image Correlation (DIC) - a non-contact, full field, deformation measurement technique - can potentially address. Some research has been done on using DIC for power plant creep measurement; however literature quantifying its performance in this specific application is scarce. This study thus looks into setting up a DIC system optimised for measuring strain in an area of the pipework welds known as the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) - the weakest part of the weldment. The achievable accuracy is established and the major parameters that affect DIC accuracy are investigated, elucidating the trade-offs between optimising each. In addition, two scenarios exist for the acquisition of DIC measurement data from a plant: when the plant is operating (online); or when the plant is shut down for maintenance (offline). The encumbrance of imaging a hot surface makes the former scenario the more demanding, and was thus investigated. This data was subsequently used to substantiate whether DIC has the potential to be used online (i.e. at elevated temperatures) or is limited to use during shut downs.
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CAMARGO, IARA M. C. de. "Estudo da influencia do coeficiente de particao de metais no solo de Figueira, Parana, no calculo de risco a saude humana, utilizando o modelo c-soil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11356.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
7
Yunt, Mehmet 1975. "Steam temperature regulation in fossil power plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/89876.
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Latchman, Drupatie. "Carbon Dioxide Capture From Fossil Fuel Power Plants Using Dolomite." Scholar Commons, 2010. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1693.
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The main objective of this research is to develop a simple and cost effective separation method that captures carbon dioxide from power plant flue gas, as a pure stream that can be stored using regenerable dolomite (calcium magnesium carbonate) as the sorbent. The developed dolomite sorbent was evaluated for carbon dioxide capture capacity using muti-cycle tests of cyclical carbonation/calcination experiments in the thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) model SDT 600. The variables controlled in the experiment were weight of calcium oxide and sintering time of the sample. The dolomite materials investigated were from two sources Alfa Aesar and Specialty Minerals. The prepared sorbent, after conditioning, is in the oxide form and can adsorb CO2 to form the carbonate and be regenerated back to the oxide.
The results showed that the dolomite sorbent developed can be used for reversible CO2 capture. The data from 8 multi-cycle TGA experiments show that the reversible capacity reduced in the first few cycles; however it stabilized to an average value of 34 percent after an average of 10 cycles and an average conditioning time of 15 hours. Data from two multi-cycle TGA experiments show that the dolomite sorbent is capable of an average stabilized conversion of 65% in an average of 13 cycles at a conditioning time of 87 hours.
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Třináctý, Jiří. "Parní turbína pro fosilní elektrárnu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231811.
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This thesis deals with design is condensing steam turbines burning fossil fuels with nominal capacity of the generator of 250 MW with steam reheating and regenerative eight uncontrolled extraction points. The turbine consists of two bodies: a combined high-intermediate pressure section and low pressure parts with dual way outlet down into the water-cooled condenser. Work includes calculating thermal scheme for 100% and 75% capacity, specific heat consumption calculation and design of the flow HP-MP body. Further strength control and basic engineering design of high-medium- work completed by longitudinal section. Achievements are at the end of work compared with work 3a and the conclusion summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the concept.
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May, John R. (John Robert) 1978. "Sustainability of electricity generation using Australian fossil fuels." Monash University, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9537.
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Tolvanen, Merja. "Mass balance determination for trace elements at coal-, peat- and bark-fired power plants /." Espoo [Finland] : VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2004. http://www.vtt.fi/inf/pdf/publications/2004/P524.pdf.
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Versteeg, Peter L. "Advanced Amine and Ammonia Systems for Greenhouse Gas Control at Fossil Fuel Power Plants." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/120.
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In an effort to lower future CO2 emissions, a wide range of technologies are being developed to scrub CO2 from the flue gases of fossil fuel-based electric power and industrial plants. This thesis models two leading post-combustion CO2 capture technologies, a chilled ammonia-based CO2 capture process and an advanced amine-based CO2 capture process, and presents performance and cost estimates of these systems on pulverized coal and natural gas combined cycle power plants.
The process modeling software package Aspen Plus® was used to develop performance and cost estimates for the chilled ammonia-based CO2 capture technology and general response surface equations were created for the model. Assumptions about plant financing and utilization, as well as uncertainties in cooling costs and chemical reaction rates that affect absorber cost were found to produce a wide range of cost estimates for ammonia-based CO2 capture systems. With uncertainties included, costs for a supercritical power plant with ammonia-based CO2 capture ranged from $80/MWh to $160/MWh, with the 95% confidence interval ranging from $95/MWh to $143/MWh (with all costs in constant 2007 US dollars).
For the advanced amine-based CO2 capture technology, an existing amine-based response surface model developed using Protreat® simulations was modified to match the performance and cost characteristics of a modern amine-based system. The response surface models of both technologies were incorporated into the Integrated Environmental Control Model for use in developing performance and cost estimates of pulverized coal and natural gas combined cycle power plants with these technologies. The baseline costs for a supercritical power plant with advanced amine-based CO2 capture was $105/MWh and for the natural gas combined cycle power plant with advanced amine-based CO2 capture was $85/MWh.
Both post-combustion CO2 capture technologies are then compared in terms of performance and cost for different ranges of fuel type, fuel cost, plant size, and CO2 capture system train size. A probabilistic cost difference analysis is also used to compare these technologies. The aminebased CO2 capture system is found to have a higher revenue requirement in all the case studies and only a 2% chance of having a lower revenue requirement than the advanced amine system in the probabilistic cost difference. Combined, these results suggest that the advanced amine system will have a cost advantage over the ammonia system in most cases, in the absence of significant new improvements in the ammonia system design. Finally, the importance of these estimates for policy makers is discussed.
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Jarvis, Christina M. "An evaluation of the wildlife impacts of offshore wind development relative to fossil fuel power production." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.67 Mb., 123 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1430770.
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PESSOA, JOAO S. "Projeto piloto do etanol - PPE. Alternativa energetica para substituicao parcial ou total do oleo combustivel em plantas de geracao termoeletrica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11185.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
15
Seres, Stephen. "The power generation sector's demand for fossil fuels : a quantitative assessment on the viability of carbon fees for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31535.
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The demand for fossil fuels by Ontario's conventional steam power generation sector is examined. It is hypothesised that the enactment of a carbon fee policy will induce a change in the relative prices of the three fuels used in this sector (coal, natural gas and heavy fuel oil). This would lead to substantial interfuel substitution and greenhouse gas abatement. The demand share equations for the three fuels are derived from the translog functional form and set in a simulation model to estimate the value of a carbon fee necessary, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in compliance with the Kyoto Protocol. Results suggest that a fuel specific carbon fee policy would be successful in achieving the desired emissions reduction at a negligible net cost to society.
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Hahn, Wolfgang Anton. "An investigation into the influences on equipment life cycle and materials behaviour during life extension period in fossil fuelled and nuclear fuelled power plants." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647387.
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Low pressure steam turbine last stage blade behaviour was investigated and researched over duration of this PhD project period. The aim of the research was to enhance the life of last stage blades by investigation and mitigation of the accumulative damage throughout the life of the turbine blade. The research was mainly broken down in to three main themes covering erosion, High Cycle Fatigue in industrial service and High Cycle Fatigue under laboratory conditions. The three themes were then further analysed during the research analysis for correlation and the extent of accumulative damage contribution during each stage. An accumulative damage model was constructed together with mathematical expressions for each stage of accumulative damage. The erosion damage model was constructed first and separately, followed by a separate damage model for crack initiation and propagation. After this a combined damage model was constructed to represent accumulative damage throughout the turbine blade lifecycle. After the damage mechanisms were researched and understood, a damage mitigation model was constructed consisting of primary damage mechanisms and secondary damage mechanisms. The primary damage mechanisms were then investigated further and a life extension technique developed to increase turbine blade life by reducing damage rates per turbine start, giving more starts life capability to the last stage blades. The secondary mitigation mechanisms was not covered in this project and regarded as future work under the low pressure turbine life extension possibilities. The research work also gave a spin off which allowed the author to conduct and finish a separate piece of work of designing the problem out through redesigning the turbine blade and condenser space in conjunction with leading experts from the industry.
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ZANCHETA, MARCIO N. "As consequencias socio, economico e ambientais da troca do oleo combustivel por gas natural, na usina termoeletrica Piratininga." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11355.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
18
Kastis, Stelios, and Vaggelis Kitsios. "The energy system of Greece : A Techno-economic and Environmental Approach." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för bygg- energi- och miljöteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23879.
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The human effort to continuously improve their standard of living in conjunction with the rapid growth of world‟s population, the reckless and the wasteful misuse of energy reserves threaten to lead mankind in an energy deadlock. In an effort to realize the size of the waste of our planet‟s available energy resources, we only need to point out that people have spent the last century stocks of raw materials and energy, which were saved and produced during the lifetime of our planet. The management of the energy systems in a proper and best way is considered to be essential worldwide. In this project the energy system of Greece is studied. The power production systems used in different sectors of life were analyzed. The study emphasized in the electricity production from different sources. Lignite electricity power plants were first introduced in the country followed by the gas power plants and Renewable Energy Sources (RES) installations. The deregulation of electricity market formed the new energy scenery of the country. Electricity grid reinforcements with smart metering and energy storage proved to be necessary in order the RES to be fully penetrated to the national grid, so as Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions to be reduced as much as possible. The further expansion of RES could help to cope with the barriers of the country‟s electrification due to singularity of hundred islands that are not yet interconnected to the mainland. Analytical theory methods and numerical skills used to derive the appropriate data and results. Installed capacity of the power sources was verified as well as costs and polluted emissions per unit and type of sources involved. Weaknesses and abnormalities of the electric system were pointed out. Proved gains from the RES use were verified for ensuring the sustainability of the country‟s energy system
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ALY, OMAR F. "Estudo para conversao de partes poluentes dos gases de combustao de termoeletrica a oleo em materia prima para fertilizante." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10869.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, Sao Paulo
20
Raab, Andreas Franz Alois [Verfasser], Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Strunz, Antonello [Gutachter] Monti, and Olav B. [Gutachter] Fosso. "Operational planning, modeling and control of virtual power plants with electric vehicles / Andreas Franz Alois Raab ; Gutachter: Antonello Monti, Olav B. Fosso ; Betreuer: Kai Strunz." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/115618522X/34.
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Strader, Katherine C. "Phase Transformation Behavior and Stress Relief Cracking Susceptibility in Creep Resistant Steels." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408973568.
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Poiencot, Brandon Keith. "Preliminary Feasibility of Transporting and Geologically Sequestering Carbon Emissions in the Florida Pan-Handle." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/593.
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According to the United States Department of Energy, fossil-fueled power plants account for 78% of stationary source CO2 emission in the United States and Canada. This has led electric utilities across the globe to research different alternatives for energy. Carbon sequestration has been identified as a bridge between fossil fuels and clean energy.
This thesis will present research results regarding the transportation costs of CO2 and the suitability of geology in the Florida Pan-Handle for sequestration infrastructure. The thesis will utilize various evaluation tools including GIS, numerical models, and optimization models.
Analysis performed for this thesis and review of published literature produced estimated carbon storage capacities for two areas in and near the Florida Pan-Handle. These areas were labeled Disposal Area 1 and Disposal Area 3. Disposal Area 1 was estimated to contain capacity for the storage of 5.58 gigatonnes of CO2. Disposal Area 3 was estimated to contain capacity for the storage of 2.02 gigatonnes of CO2. Transportation scenarios were analyzed over a 25 year period and the capacities above are sufficient to store the CO2 emissions from the Pan-Handle network of power plants for the study period.
Four transportation routing scenarios were investigated using transportation costs from the Poiencot and Brown CO2 pipeline capital cost model. The scenarios (models) consisted of the Right-Of-Way, Solo-Funded, Piece-Wise, and Authority models. Each presents a different method for the overall funding of the Florida Pan-Handle CO2 network and produced different total levelized and mean unit costs. The cheapest network on a mean unit cost basis was the network for Disposal Area 1 in the Authority Model, producing a mean unit cost of $0.64 per tonne of CO2.
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Chou, Chih-Hung, and 周志鴻. "The Impact Factors of Thermal Efficiency of Taipower's Fossil Fuel Power Plant : Taichung Thermal Power Plant." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89408865349209564065.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班經營管理組
97
The coal-fired power plants provide over 30% of the capacity of Taipower. Effectively enhancimg the efficiency of power plants can help reduce both the cost of power generation and the greenhouse gas emissions. In this research we collect and analyze the operational data of coal-fired steam turbine power units No.1~No.8 of Taichung Power Plant, in order to establish a multiple regression model of thermal efficiency. This research provides suggestions for Taipower company to improve its thermal efficiency. Our major empirical findings are: (1) The temperature of main steam, re-heat steam pressure drop and pressure of main steam significantly increase the thermal efficiency. (2) The temperature of the air inlet, temparture of the water inlet, in-plant electricity usage, re-heat steam temperature and exhaust pressure significantly worsen the thermal efficiency. Therefore, the Taipower caompany should select appropriate locations of fire-power plants, keep lodaings at the rated levels, reduce generation-irrelevant in-plant electricity usage, promote trainings of operating personnel, and improve the functions of boliers, etc., in order to enhance its thermal efficiency.
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HUNG, WEN-CHIN, and 洪文慶. "Transient Stability Analysis in a Power System of Fossil Plant." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04218765882998034915.
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碩士中原大學
電機工程研究所
95
Abstract In order to move toward the liberalization of petroleum market, the electric power quality has played an important role such that the refinery performance can be significantly increased. This also motivated the research of this thesis. This report summarizes the study results for the power system operation problems for Tao Yuan refinery of Chinese Petroleum Corporation”. The major contents and achievements include（1）device modeling, parameter check, and data file setup for all study cases,（2）power flow analysis, short-circuit current calculation,system stability simulation for different system load and generation conditions. Form the study results,concluding remarks and recommendations on system operation and planning are given. They are valuable for the authority to prepare the preventive strategies and corrective actions. Key Words：Power flow, Fault current, Transient stability.
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Sue, Deng-Chern, and 蘇燈城. "Application of Exergy Analyses for Performance Improvement of Fossil Power Plant Systems." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42960233222392394241.
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博士國立臺北科技大學
機電科技研究所博士班
93
This paper presents the engineering design and theoretical exergetic analyses of four combustion gas turbine based power generation systems. Exergy analyses for the power generation systems are performed based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The results show the exergy analyses can predict the plant system efficiency more precisely. The plant efficiency for partial load operation is lower than full load operation. Increasing the pinch points will decrease the combined cycle power plant’s efficiency. This thesis analyzes inlet air-cooling and fuel preheating for improving the plant performance and reducing the fuel consumption. Both methods can effectively improve the power output and efficiency of the overall plant. To evaluate the energy utilization, one combined cycle unit and one cogeneration system, consisting of gas turbine generators (GTG), heat recovery steam generators (HRSG), one steam turbine generator (STG) with steam extracted for process from the cogeneration STG have been analyzed. The energy utilization diagrams are based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics for power generation systems. The exergy loss in the system can be calculated and shown graphically during the design stages. The ambient temperature directly affects the power output of GTG. The condenser pressure and partial load operation impact the CCPP efficiency significantly. Because of the increasing fuel costs, high efficiency steam cycles are being planned in Taiwan area. The major reasons are higher fuel price, the premium that competition has placed on operating efficiency, and the inverse relationship between thermal efficiency and the emission levels of supercritical units. The new coal-fired power plants are designed as supercritical units with 800 MW or larger capacity (steam design conditions: 24.2 MPa/566℃/593℃). The modern supercritical plant efficiency is at least 5% higher than the subcritical units. By the way, the renewable sources of energy such as wind powers are being planned and erected in Taiwan. A brief discussion of uses for the energy of the blowdown fluid is discussed. The advantages of fuel cells and the integrated gasification of coal are outlined. The analytical results are used for engineering design and component selection.
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Kuo, Wen-hsiu, and 郭紋秀. "Combination of Life Cycle Assessment with Decomposition Analysis：Case Study of Fossil Power Plant." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/06192697386808833723.
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碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
97
Life cycle assessment was applied in this study to explore the environmental impacts caused by fossil-power plants in Taiwan. We used three models including Eco-Indicator 95, EPS 2000 and CML 2 from the SimaPro 7.1 program to compare the environmental impacts generated from various fossil fuels in power generation. In addition, the application of decomposition method was used to identify the major factors affecting CO2 emissions from the sector of power generation and results were comparied with other countries. We hope that results of this study can be of value for relevant study in life cycle assessment and how to reduce CO2 emissions for domestic power sector. The results showed that different types of fuels have similar influence on the environment categories. Major impact categories in Eco-Indicator 95 model include heavy metals, greenhouse and energy resources. The abiotic stock resource and human health were the mainly impact categories in EPS 2000 model categories. In the CML 2 model, the major impact category was marine aquatic ecotoxicity. Also, we analyzed the electricity consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth changes from 1971 to 2006 in Taiwan, Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Netherlands, New Zealand, China, Britain, the United States and the Czech Republic. The results indicated that the power sector is an important source of CO2 emissions for all countries. New Zealand has the fastest growth rate in electricity CO2 emission coefficient and total CO2 emissions intensity; China has the fastest growth rate in per capita CO2 emissions of electricity; Korea has the fastest growth rate in per capita electricity consumption and electricity intensity; Australia's per capita CO2 emissions of electricity was the largest comparied to other countries. Results from decomposition analysis indicated that GDP per capita was the major incremental factor to cause the increase of CO2 emissions for most countries. The electricity CO2 emission coefficient and electricity intensity were the mainly factors in reducing CO2 emission. Furthermore, the largest incremental of CO2 emissions was found in China, while Italy had the best performance with a total reduction up to 1.55 million tons during 1990 to 2005.
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Foong, Wai Kuan. "Ant colony optimisation for power plant maintenance scheduling." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/47786.
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Maintenance of power plants is aimed at extending the life and reducing the risk of sudden breakdown of power generating units. Traditionally, power generating units have been scheduled for maintenance in periods to ensure that the demand of the system is fully met and the reliability of the system is maximized. However, in a deregulated power industry, the pressure of maintaining generating units is also driven by the potential revenue received by participating in the electricity market. Ideally, hydropower generating units are required to operate during periods when electricity prices are high and to be able to be taken offline for maintenance when the price is low. Therefore, determination of the optimum time periods for maintenance of generating units in a power system has become an important task from both a system reliability and an economic point of view. Due to the extremely large number of potential maintenance schedules, a systematic approach is required to ensure that optimal or near-optimal maintenance schedules are obtained within an acceptable timeframe. Metaheustics are high-level algorithmic frameworks that aim to solve combinatorial optimisation problems with a large search space in a reasonable computational run time. Inspired by the foraging behavior of ant colonies, Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) is a relatively new metaheuristic for combinatorial optimisation. The application of ACO to a number of different applications has provided encouraging results when applied to scheduling, including the job-shop, flow-shop, machine tardiness and resource-constrained project scheduling problems. In this thesis, a formulation is developed that enables ACO to be applied to the generalized power plant maintenance scheduling optimisation (PPMSO) problem. The formulation caters for all constraints generally encountered as part of real-world PPMSO problems, including system demands and reliability levels, precedence rules between maintenance tasks, public holidays and minimum outage durations in the case of shortening of maintenance tasks. As part of the formulation, a new heuristic and a new local search strategy have been developed. The new ACO-PPMSO formulation has been tested extensively on two benchmark PPMSO problems from the literature, including a 21-unit and a 22-unit problem. It was found that the ACOPPMSO formulation resulted in significant improvements in performance for both case studies compared with the results obtained in previous studies. In addition, the new heuristic formulation was found to be useful in finding maintenance schedules that result in more evenly spread reserve capacity and resource allocations. When tested using a modified version of the 21-unit and the 22-unit problems, the new local search strategy specifically designed for duration shortening was found to be effective in searching locally for maintenance schedules that require minimal shortening of outage duration. The ACO-PPMSO formulation was also successfully able to cater for all constraints as specified in both original and the modified versions of the two benchmark case studies. In order to further test the ACO-PPMSO formulation developed, it was first applied to a scaled-down version of the Hydro Tasmania hydropower system (five power stations) and then to the full system (55 generating units). As part of the studies, the ACO-PPMSO formulation was linked with the simulation model used by Hydro Tasmania to assess the impact of various maintenance schedules on the total energy in storage of the system at the end of the planning horizon, the total thermal generation, the total number of days where the reliability level is not met, as well as the total unserved energy throughout the planning horizon. A number of constraints were considered, including the anticipated system demands, a 30% capacity reliability level, the minimum and maximum durations between related maintenance tasks, the precedence constraints and the minimum outage duration of each task in the case of shortening of maintenance tasks. The maintenance schedule was optimised for the maximum end-of-horizon total energy in storage, the minimum thermal generation and the minimum total outage durations shortened and deferred, under 77 different inflow conditions. The optimal maintenance schedule obtained compared favourably with that obtained by Hydro Tasmania over many years based on experience. Specifically, the ACO-PPMSO schedule results in higher end-of-horizon total energy in storage and satisfies both hard and soft constraints, which overall equates to over $0.5 million dollars of savings when compared to the schedule obtained using the practitioners’ experience and engineering judgment. The ACO-PPMSO algorithm was also shown to be a useful decision-making tool for scheduling maintenance under different circumstances when tested with four scenarios commonly encountered in practical maintenance scheduling problems. In conclusion, the ACO-PPMSO formulation developed, tested and applied as part of this thesis research provides a powerful and flexible means of obtaining optimal or near-optimal maintenance schedules for power plants.http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1294672
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007
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Liang, Shun-Chin, and 梁舜欽. "The Study of Automatic Design for the Coal Conveyor Control System at the Fossil Power Plant." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48569163566943038332.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
工業教育學系
88
Abstract With the economic promotion and the upgrading of industrial framework, the trends of automatic production is inevitable. The PLC has an important role in the field of factory automation, because its performance is excellent and it has high stability. It is usual thing with PLC(Programmable Logic Controller), to construct a DCS (Distributed Control System) and control the local devices. The popularization PC has reduced its prices to an acceptable level. The high-speed computation of a PC, made it able to analyses the amount of signals which are captured from the local PLC. Most of the MMI (Man Machine Interface) automation software packages for the PC have powerful function and excellent performance, but the cost of software is too expensive for most small and medium sized enterprises to be able to afford. Using the visual programming developer to develop the graphic control system, is not only the future trend and the best solution for factory automation. Moreover, it also reduces the cost of maintenance and enhances the competition in industry. With this is mind, different types of automatic technology were discussed, taking the example of coal conveyor control system at the Fossil Power Plant. First of all, using the principle of DCS to construct the hardware platform, six I/O stations of PLC were built to control and supervise the local equipment which were situated in a vast coal yard. Connecting the I/O stations via the PLC net modules to form a PLC net system which can transmit and receive data between the master station and local stations. Secondly, the MMI has been used in this thesis was developed by the Borland C++ Builder under the windows 95/NT operating system, and made up of many graphic components which were created to represent the local equipment at the coal yard. The MMI are not limited by the brand of PLC. Any communication component can be used to incorporated into the MMI, and this makes it independent of device. Finally, the purpose of Management Support System for Coal Pile was to design a computerized recording and management system to support the operation of a coal yard. It is able to simplify their complicated records and to keep their data accurate. The aim of this study proposed an effective way towards industrial automation that will benefit local small or medium-sized enterprises most.
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Hsiao, Po-Hsiang, and 蕭柏翔. "Application of Fuzzy Multiple Objective Linear Programming on Aggregate Emission Control for Regional Fossil Power Plant Operations." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09372871901911850792.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
工業管理系所
97
This study develops a fuzzy multiple objective linear programming model to formulate the reduction problem of CO2 emission control for regional fossil power plant operations. Regulated by aggregate emission, the proposed model attempts to analyze the total generation cost under the limitations of energy demand and CO2 emission with specific fossil power plants. A fossil power plant with four generation units in the Southern Taiwan is used to test the proposed model. Upon the designated scenarios, the tested results show that the total generation costs may vary due to load variation. Regarding the cost-effectiveness, the tested results also demonstrate the alternatives of low carbon fuel, scrubbing equipment, and purchasing emission allowance under aggregate emission control regulation in adjustments for the specific fossil power plant. The proposed model and the tested results obtained herein provide utility planners with further insight into the systematic analysis and potentials for the cost effectiveness of mathematical applications.
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QIU, YU-WEN, and 邱昱文. "The analysis of the costs and effects of the on-line cleaning system for a condenser in a fossil power plant." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05702748130624308687.
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Govender, Indran. "A comparative environmental analysis of fossil fuel electricity generation options for South Africa." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2004.
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M.Sc.The increased demand for electricity in South Africa is expected to exceed supply between 2004 and 2007. Electricity supply options in the country would be further complicated by the fact that older power stations would reach the end of their design life beyond the year 2025. In light of this and considering the long lead times required for the commissioning of new plants, new power supply options need to be proactively investigated. The environmental impacts associated with coal-fired generation of electricity have resulted in increased global concern over the past decade. To reduce these impacts, new technologies have been identified to help provide electricity from fossil fuels. The alternatives considered are gas-fired generation technologies and the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC). This study attempts to document and understand the environmental aspects related to gas-fired and IGCC electricity generation and evaluate their advantages in comparison to conventional pulverised coal fired power generation. The options that could be utilised to make fossil fuel electricity generation more environmentally friendly, whilst remaining economically feasible, were also evaluated. Gas-fired electricity generation is extremely successful as electricity generation systems in the world due to inherently low levels of emissions, high efficiencies, fuel flexibility and reduced demand on finite resources. Associated benefits of a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) are lower operating costs due to the reduced water consumption, smaller equipment size and a reduction in the wastewater that has to be treated before being returned to the environment. A CCGT plant requires less cooling water and can be located on a smaller area than a conventional Pulverised Fuel (PF) power station of the same capacity. All these factors reduce the burden on the environment. A CCGT also employs processes that utilises the energy of the fuel more efficiently, with the current efficiencies approaching 60%. Instead of simply being discharged into the atmosphere, the gas turbines’ exhaust gas heat is used to produce additional output in combination with a Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) and a steam turbine. Furthermore, as finite resources become increasingly scarce and energy has to be used as wisely as possible, generating electricity economically and in an ecologically sound manner is of the utmost importance. The clean, reliable operation of gas-fired generation systems with significantly reduced noise levels and their compact design makes their operation feasible in heavily populated areas, where electricity is needed most. At the same time, energy can be consumed in whatever form needed, i.e. as electricity, heat or steam. The dependence of the South African economy on cheap coal ensures that it will remain a vital component of future electricity generation options in the country. This dominance of coal-fired generation in the country is responsible for South Africa’s title as the largest generator of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions on the continent and the country could possibly be requested to reduce its CO2 emissions at the next international meeting of signatories to the Kyoto Protocol. Carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by utilising gas-fired generation technologies. However, the uncertainty and costs associated with natural gas in South Africa hampers the implementation of this technology. There are currently a number of initiatives surrounding the development of natural gas in the country, viz. the Pande and Temane projects in Mozambique and the Kudu project in Namibia, and this is likely to positively influence the choice of fuel utilised for electricity generation in the future. The economic viability of these projects would be further enhanced through the obtaining of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) credits for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions reduction. Alternatively, more efficient methods of generating electricity from coal must be developed and implemented. IGCC is capable of achieving this because of the high efficiencies associated with the combined cycle component of the technology. These higher efficiencies result in reduced emissions to the atmosphere for an equivalent unit of electricity generated from a PF station. An IGCC system can be successful in South Africa in that it combines the benefits of utilising gas-fired electricity generation systems whilst utilising economically feasible fuel, i.e. coal. IGCC systems can economically meet strict air pollution emission standards, produce water effluent within environmental limits, produce an environmentally benign slag, with good potential as a saleable by-product, and recover a valuable sulphur commodity by-product. Life-cycle analyses performed on IGCC power plants have identified CO2 release and natural resource depletion as their most significant positive lifecycle impacts, which testifies to the IGCC’s low pollutant releases and benign by-products. Recent studies have also shown that these plants can be built to efficiently accommodate future CO2 capture technology that could further reduce environmental impacts. The outstanding environmental performance of IGCC makes it an excellent technology for the clean production of electricity. IGCC systems also provide flexibility in the production of a wide range of products including electricity, fuels, chemicals, hydrogen, and steam, while utilizing low-cost, widely available feedstocks. Coal-based gasification systems provide an energy production alternative that is more efficient and environmentally friendly than competing coalfuelled technologies. The obstacle to the large-scale implementation of this technology in the country is the high costs associated with the technology. CDM credits and by-products sales could possible enhance the viability of implementing these technologies in South Africa.
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WU, TSUNG-HSI, and 巫宗席. "Application of fuzzy multiple objective linear programming on aggregate emission control for fossil power plants and generator operation efficiency plan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44113784297882014174.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
工業管理系所
98
The problem of green house effect (GHE) has become a formal international regulation and will be legalized in Taiwan in the near future. As CO2 emitted from fossil power plants is significant in the past decade and will be continued in the near future, the difficulties of abatement are expected. The new regulation of GHE consists of aggregate emission control in terms of caps or capture, and allows emission trading with flexible adjustment mechanisms. Approaches of flexible adjustment mechanisms include emissions trading, joint abatements, efficiency improvement, plant renewal, use of fuel with low carbon or carbonless. However, a further study for their cost-effectiveness is needed. As such, the economic performance of efficiency improvement and use of gas power plants currently acted as a guideline in Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) must be evaluated. This study targets at constructing a fuzzy multiple objective model for analyzing the cost effectiveness of regional generation mix with environmental regulation on the perspective of aggregate emission control and unit CO2 emission. Results obtained herein provide utility planners with further insight into the systematic analysis and potentials for the cost effectiveness of mathematical applications.
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ZHANG, YI-FENG, and 張翊峰. "Fuel alternatives for fossil power plants in Taiwan: an analysis from the environmental perspective." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25296209588216957623.
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Yang, Ying-Hsien, and 楊英賢. "Life Cycle Assessment and Uncertainty Analysis for Fossil-Fired Power Plants and Fuel Selection." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30051825990193848008.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
96
Life cycle assessment (LCA) can be applied as a methodology to analyze and to improve the life cycle of products under various boundaries, data qualities, and impact assessment. However, uncertain problems related to data quality, assessment methods and LCA procedures are frequently occurred. The aims of this study are focused on LCA by applying Eco-indicator 95 and using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to compare the uncertainties of various power plants and to simulate options for fuel selection. Numerical methods applied in this study include contribution analysis, perturbation analysis, MC uncertainty analysis and optimization. The first part of LCA study was conducted to compare results of various fossil power plants with a functional unit (MWh) and different boundaries. Then, the perturbation analysis was applied to evaluate alternative fuel mixes regarding environmental and economic aspects. The third part was based on the results of LCA and MC simulations to explore better fuel mixes for fossil power plant operations. Significant results include the followings: 1.In general, the traditional steam turbine powers have more stable quality regarding energy intensity and carbon dioxide emission factors. The combined cycle, the gas turbine and diesel generation have higher degrees of uncertainties due to shorter period operations and smaller generation scales. 2.Resulted from Eco-indicator 95 analysis indicate that coal-fired steam turbine power plants has the highest global warming potential (GWP=894 kgCO2-eq.), followed by gas turbine(850 kgCO2-eq.) and oil-fired steam turbine (725 kgCO2-eq.); In terms of acidification, diesel generation has the highest at 3.2 kgSO2-eq. followed by oiled fired combined cycle. 3.Results of fuel selection analysis indicated that by substituting gas-fired combined cycle for coal-fired steam turbine can improve the most in the environment aspect when considering different conditions of LCA boundaries. Regarding economic and environmental aspects, the best selection is the gas-fired combined cycle substituted for oil-fired steam turbine. 4.Regarding the acidification reduction, results of simulations have shown that by increasing 15 % of fuel cost would reduce the acidification effect from 1.39 to 1.24 kg SO2-eq./MWh. The reduction benefit is around 9.4-10.5% more than the reference year. 5.Considering the environmental and economical impacts, results indicated that the ratio of coal-fired steam turbine should be reduced. 6.The MC simulations and optimization model were constructed for carbon dioxide minimization; results suggest that if the fuel price were increased by 12.5-12.8%, and CO2 reduction effect would be around 16-20 kg/MWh, and CO2 reduction would be achieved by 2.85-3.89 %. 7.Results of simulations for both carbon dioxide and acidification improvement indicated that by lowering 6-7% of coal-fired steam turbine, the fuel price would be increased by 12.5-12.8%, which would generate most significant reductions for both carbon dioxide and acidification.
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chen, jiun-kai, and 陳俊凱. "Analysis of Life Cycle Assessment with Eco-efficiency : Cases Study of Fossil Power Plants." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38286563835951964459.
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碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
97
Electricity is an important element for our daily life. Right now, fossil-fired power plants is the main scheme of generating electricity in Taiwan and steam turbine and combined cycle are still dominant.This study used Life Cycle Assessment with two models, including Eco-Indicator 99 and IMPACT 2002+ from SimaPro 7.1 to analyze major environmental impacts of various types of fossil-fired power plants. Also, IMPACT2002+ was applied to compare potential environmental impacts among clean coal technology facilities (IGCC, supercritical Pulverized Coal and ultra-supercritical Pulverized Coal). Furthemore, Eco-efficiency analysis was used to analyze differences and trends of two fossil-fired power plants(Talin and Tungshiau). Results of LCA analyses indicated that the resource damage was the major environmental impact category by Eco-Indicator99, while the clime change was the most environmental burden by IMPACT 2002+. Over all, the gas combined cycle was the best choice either by results of Eco-Indicator 99 or IMPACT 2002+ for the reason that natrual gas is cleaner than coal and oil. Results of IMPACT2002+ indicated that IGCC was the best compared to supercritical and ultra-supercritical PC. Also, IGCC could have more future advantages due to multiple fuel fesibility. The results of Eco-efficiency analysis demonstrated that some generators of Talin power plant have operated over 30 years so the heat rate efficiency and environmental indicators became worse. On the other hand , the Tungshiau power plant , except NO. 3 generator ,has shown better environmental efficiency because of shifting to natural gas.
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Ihnen, Jeffrey L. "Rankine cycle efficiency at high temperatures and pressures for fossil and biomass fired power plants." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35142775.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1995.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-62).
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Liu, Jia-You, and 呂佳祐. "Application of fuzzy multiple objective linear programming on aggregate emission control for fossil power plants." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72431994389603077605.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
工業管理系所
97
As the agreement of green house regulation achieved internationally, an issue on reducing CO2 for fossil power plants which emit a considerable ratio each year becomes critical. Impacts are expected for those fossil power plants without reduction action plans. To achieve cost-effectiveness and the lowest cost with CO2 reduction goals, fossil power plants must consider mitigation alternatives in terms of emission trading, joint implementation, and clean development mechanism called as flexible mechanism. This study focuses on CO2 reduction issue for the operation of current fossil power plants. A fuzzy multiple objective linear programming model is formulated to analyze cost-effectiveness regarding with alternatives of low carbon fuel, scrubbing equipment, and purchasing emission allowance under aggregate emission control regulation. Factors considers in the proposed model are CO2 emission regulation, current emission status, and reduction alternatives. The proposed model was examined via tests on a fossil power plant in southern Taiwan. The results obtained herein provide utility planners with further insight into the systematic analysis and potentials for the cost effectiveness of mathematical applications.
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Yi-Hui, Lee, and 李依慧. "A Study of Cost Analysis of Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Plants Complying with Environmental Regulations in Taiwan." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00511536233533574075.
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碩士逢甲大學
土木及水利工程研究所
87
The recent rapid economic development and enhancement of living standards in Taiwan have resulted in significant increases in energy demand. The energy consumption is increasing at 6.3% per year, according to the Energy Commission in the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Republic of China. The Commission further predicts that the energy consumption will increase 64% by the year 2010 from the level in 1997. The electricity generating capacity increased from 16,600 Mega Watts (MW) in 1987 to over 28,390 MW in 1997 (an increase of about 5.5% per year). Nuclear, hydro, oil, and coal power plant generating capacities accounted for 31%, 15%, 30%, and 24%, respectively, in 1987. The respective distribution changed to 18%, 15%, 17%, and 29% by 1997, with additional 9% from cogeneration and 12% from natural gas. Taiwan has very limited energy resources and is densely populated. Therefore, it is pertinent to have a strategy for sustainable development of energy production and environmental protection. This study analyzes the life-cycle costs of electricity generation for fossil fuel-fired power plants (coal, oil, and gas) while complying with environmental regulations. The analysis includes net present values of capital costs, non-fuel operating and maintenance costs, delivered fuel costs, depreciation, corporation tax, and investment incentives. The study further adopts gray system theory to model the uncertainties of escalation rates of fuel prices. The analysis results suggest the following: ˙Breakeven fuel price: Delivered oil or gas prices have to decline further when the capacity factor of the power plants goes up to stay competitive with coal-fired power plants ˙Allowable capital cost increases in coal-fired power plant: Coal-fired power plants still have much room to install economically air pollution control devices to meet more stringent emission limitations ˙Early replacement of existing power plants: Most of existing power plants using oil or gas as fuel can be economically replaced by coal-fired power plants, particularly at high capacity factors, before the existing plants reach their retirement age
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Gouveia, Pedro José Silva Ferreira de Nóbrega. "Has the time for renewables finally arrived? – An event study on EPA’s Clean Power Plan." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16790.
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The recent proposals presented by EPA aimed to reduce the dependency of fossil fuels and to lower current emissions levels, hoping to gradually shift electric generation units to renewable energy sources. Actually, the Final Rule Proposal announcement day exhibited a negative Abnormal Return on Fossil Fuels but the following days had positive Abnormal Returns, mostly due to legislative change perceived by financial markets which eased up implementation periods of the proposed measures in the Final Rule when compared to the Draft Rule. Oppositely, Renewables and Solar Portfolios exhibited negative Cumulative Abnormal Returns over the period surrounding the Final Rule.
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Henning, Petrus Francois Joubert. "Dynamic modelling of an induced draft fan." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4294.
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M.Ing.The performance and reliability of induced draft fans are of ever growing concarn in industry, especially in the power generation industry. The reliability and plant efficiency depend on the design conditions of all plant components. Induced draft fans handle high temperature flyash-laden flue gas, and are often plagued by mass-flow deficiencies and excessive vibration in fossil fuel powerplants [1]. In this research an existing induced-draft fan is analysed to investigate the occurrence of high stresses forming on the impeller, as these stresses lead to cracks appearing on the centre plate of the impeller. The basic approach used to address this problem is implementing the Finite Element Method starting with different cantilever beam configurations to simulate the connection of the blade with the centre plate. Geometries are kept constant to facilitate in the practical set-up implementation stage of the dissertation. The practical set-up is used to verify the results obtained from the Finite Element Method program, and it serves as a benchmark test for evaluating the further use of the chosen Finite Element Method program. A simplified Finite Element Method model is presented for the induced draft fan. Static and frequency analyses are done to determine the characteristics of the fan structure. Lastly an advanced dynamic analysis is done on the specific fan. Different ramp force functions are used to simulate different start-up curves for the fan. A conclusion will be drawn from the dissertation, and recommendations will be made for similar future research work.
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"Impact matrix construction for determining siting options for electricity generation systems." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14323.
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M.Sc.This report details the identification of potential sites suitable for both renewable and non-renewable electricity generating technologies in South Africa. Eskom through its Integrated Electricity Planning Process (IEP) determines future-planning scenarios based on demand and supply side options, while considering expected growth in demand for electricity. Site suitability can have a significant influence on the viability of options selected through IEP ...
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Stutz, Kathleen. "Model validation for aqua ammonia scrubber process and, Exploratory research into alklytin pollutants : alklytin method evaluations /." 2006. http://etd1.library.duq.edu/theses/available/etd-12072006-190448/.
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Janse, van Rensburg Jacobus Johannes. "Advanced modelling of porous screens in aerodynamic diffusers using variable resistance factors." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/247.
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Thesis (M. Tech. Mechanical engineering -- Vaal University of TechnologyStrict emission legislation has forced industry in general to seriously consider the negative impact it has on the environment, specifically concerning emissions from burning fossil fuel into the atmosphere. In cases where emission levels exceed the allowable limit, companies are forced to operate at lower operating conditions and these load losses can result in a significant loss of revenue. This has forced companies to improve their ash filtering capabilities by optimising electrostatic precipitation systems. One of the main factors impacting on the efficiency of such a system is the distribution of the flow across the collection plates. The design of the inlet diffuser plays a major role in the ultimate distribution of the flow through the precipitator. Porous screens are positioned in the diffuser in order to distribute the flow across the total flow area with the aim to achieve a uniform distribution of the flow. CFD is widely used in industry to simulate the flow through precipitators in order to optimise the flow distribution and thus increase the efficiency of the system. It was found however that the current methods used to simulate these screens in CFD models were not well researched and employed fixed resistance values that could not reliably compensate for changes in the resistance coefficient due to a change in the angle of incidence. This study investigates advanced numerical methods for the simulation of porous screens in applications where the angle of incidence changes continuously across the face of the screen. New methods are introduced where the resistance of the screen is calculated as a function of the changing angle of incidence. The methods currently used are also investigated and compared with results from the new methods. Extensive experimental work was required to supply empirical data for the validation of the numerical methods that are proposed. For this reason, the first part of this study focused on the design construction and commissioning of a low speed wind tunnel. Results are presented and discussed for flow profiles through wide-angle diffusers at different angles and also for a number of different screens positioned in the centre of the diffuser. This study also investigates the sensitivity of a CFD simulation code to factors such as numerical discretisation schemes, turbulence models and solution relaxation specifically for wide-angle diffusers. These factors were tested for diffusers at different angles and included tests on open diffusers and also with screens positioned inside the diffuser. It was concluded that the current methods used are not adequate to capture the true flow profiles for a range of different screen geometries. Although the proposed models did improve on the limitations of the current methods, it was found that the applicability of these models is still limited and that further research would be required to develop numerical methods that are valid for a wide range of applications.
Vaal University of Technology, The National Research Foundation (NRF) and Eskom TSI