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Journal articles on the topic 'Fossil records'
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1
Kåhrström, Christina Tobin. "Decoding fossil records." Nature Reviews Genetics 13, no. 11 (October 3, 2012): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg3348.
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Lohrmann, Volker, Michael Ohl, Peter Michalik, James P. Pitts, Laurent Jeanneau, and Vincent Perrichot. "Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of <i>Rhopalosoma</i> Cresson, 1865." Fossil Record 22, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-22-31-2019.
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Abstract. Rhopalosomatidae are a family of aculeate wasps that are ectoparasitoids of crickets as larvae and are predominantly distributed pantropically. The published fossil record of the family is scarce. Here, we report three new fossil rhopalosomatid wasp specimens from Dominican and Mexican amber. Rhopalosoma hispaniola Lohrmann sp. nov. is described and documented from Dominican amber by two separate inclusions – one of each sex. An additional fossil female Rhopalosoma is described and documented from Mexican amber but is not named due to the insufficient preservation of the fossil. The new fossils, which are morphologically intermediate between Townes' isopus and poeyi species groups, do not only represent the first fossil records of an extant genus of this peculiar family but also the first records of the family in Dominican and Mexican amber.
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Warner, Barry G., Helen J. Kubiw, and Paul F. Karrow. "Origin of a postglacial kettle-fill sequence near Georgetown, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 1965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e91-178.
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Stratigraphic relationships, radiocarbon dating, and pollen and plant macrofossil analyses establish the origin and developmental history of a kettle near Georgetown, Ontario. The early inorganic sediments contain redeposited fossils, particularly from local vegetation. Fossils in peat younger than 10 000 BP largely represent past wetland plant communities in the basin. Although the fossil record probably began about 1300 years after deglaciation of the site, an additional 1700 years passed before the dead ice block melted; only then did sedimentation and biological activity stabilize in the basin and produce an accurate fossil record of past vegetation. Truncated fossil records, illustrated further here by a pollen diagram from nearby Heart Lake, should be expected from kettle-hole deposits, and the radiocarbon ages and fossils from the earliest parts of such sequences should be interpreted with caution.
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Fikáček, Martin, Sonja Wedmann, and Heiko Schmied. "Diversification of the greater hydrophilines clade of giant water scavenger beetles dated back to the Middle Eocene (Coleoptera:Hydrophilidae:Hydrophilina)." Invertebrate Systematics 24, no. 1 (2010): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is09042.
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Fossil representatives of the hydrophilid genera Hydrochara Berthold, 1827, Hydrobiomorpha Blackburn, 1888 and Hydrophilus Geoffroy, 1762 were recorded at the lower Middle Eocene locality Grube Messel in Germany. Four morphospecies were recognised, including Hydrobiomorpha eopalpalis, sp. nov. showing sexually dimorphic maxillary palpomere 2 unknown in any recent or fossil species of the genus. These fossils are the oldest known records of the mentioned genera and indicate a minimum age of 47 million years for the divergence of the Hydrobiomorpha and Hydrophilus clades. Based on these data, we assume that the diversification of the ‘greater hydrophilines’ clade predated the lower Middle Eocene. The fossil record of the subtribe Hydrophilina is briefly reviewed, the reasons of the scarcity or absence of some genera in the fossil record are discussed, and the paleoenviromental significance of the presented fossils is discussed.
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SOHN, JAE-CHEON, CONRAD LABANDEIRA, DONALD DAVIS, and CHARLES MITTER. "An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world." Zootaxa 3286, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3286.1.1.
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In this catalog, we attempt to assemble all fossil records of Lepidoptera described formally or informally in the worldliterature. A total of 667 records dealing with at least 4,568 specimens have been compiled. They include descriptions of131 fossil genera and 229 fossil species, as well as 72 extant genera and 21 extant species to which some of these fossilssupposedly belong or show superficial similarity. Replacement names of two fossil genera are proposed to avoidhomonymy: Baltopsyche Sohn, gen. nov. for Palaeopsyche Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009 and Netoxena Sohn, gen. nov. forXena Martins-Neto, 1999. New generic combinations are proposed for: Tortrix? destructus Cockerell, 1916, Tortrixflorissantanus Cockerell, 1907, and Tortrix sp. sensu Gravenhorst (1835), all three to Tortricites Kozlov, 1988;Pterophorus oligocenicus Bigot, Nel and Nel, 1986, to Merrifieldia Tutt, 1905; Aporia sp. sensu Branscheid (1969) toPierites Heer, 1849; Noctua spp. sensu Hope (1836) and Lomnicki (1894), both to Noctuites Heer, 1849. Eleven namesimproperly proposed for lepidopteran fossils are invalidated: Baltonides roeselliformis Skalski in Kosmowska-Ceranowicz and Popiolek, 1981; Baltodines Kupryjanowicz, 2001; Barbarothea Scudder, 1890; Lepidopterites Piton,1936; Palaeozygaena Reiss, 1936; Psamateia calipsa Martins-Neto, 2002; Saxibatinca meyi Skalski in Kristensen andSkalski, 1998; Spatalistiforma submerga Skalski, 1976; Thanatites juvenalis Scudder, 1875; Tortricibaltia diakonoffiSkalski, 1976; and Zygaenites Reiss, 1936. An unnecessary subsequent type designation for Pierites Heer, 1849, isdiscussed. A total of 129 records include lepidopteran fossils which cannot be placed in any taxonomic rank. There alsoexist at least 25 fossil records which lack any evidence of the supposed lepidopteran association. Misidentified specimens,including 18 fossil genera, 29 fossil species and 12 unnamed fossils, are excluded from Lepidoptera. All the knownlepidopteran fossils are annotated by fossil type, specimen deposition, excavation locality, association with plants when present, and geological age. A bibliographic list of lepidopteran fossils is provided.
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Wesener, Thomas, and Leif Moritz. "Checklist of the Myriapoda in Cretaceous Burmese amber and a correction of the Myriapoda identified by Zhang (2017)." Check List 14, no. 6 (December 17, 2018): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/14.6.1131.
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An inventory of the Myriapoda (Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla) from Cretaceous Burmese amber, Myanmar, is presented, including the oldest and/or first fossil record for numerous orders. For millipedes (Diplopoda) 527 records, including 460 new specimens determined by us, belonging to 13 of 16 recent orders are listed: Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Platydesmida, Siphoniulida, Chordeumatida, Polydesmida, Stemmiulida, Callipodida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. For centipedes, 33 records for 4 of the 5 recent orders are listed: Scutigeromorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha and Geophilomorpha. For Symphyla, three records for both families, Scutigerellidae and Scolopendrellidae, are listed. The majority of Diplopoda records (30.5%) are Polydesmida. The record of the Polyzoniida includes first instar octopod juveniles. The checklist includes the first fossil representatives known of the Platydesmida, as well as the oldest known fossils of the Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida, Glomerida, Siphonophorida, Polyzoniida, Siphoniulida, Spirostreptida, as well as both Symphyla families. Misidentifications by Zhang (2017) are corrected; while most Chilopoda in that list are correct, almost all Diplopoda are misidentified.
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Baranov, Viktor A., Yinan Wang, Rok Gašparič, Sonja Wedmann, and Joachim T. Haug. "Eco-morphological diversity of larvae of soldier flies and their closest relatives in deep time." PeerJ 8 (November 27, 2020): e10356. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10356.
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Stratiomyomorpha (soldier flies and allies) is an ingroup of Diptera, with a fossil record stretching back to the Early Cretaceous (the Barremian, about 125 MYA). Stratiomyomorpha includes at least 3,000 species in the modern fauna, with many species being crucial for ecosystem functions, especially as saprophages. Larvae of many stratiomyomorphans are especially important as scavengers and saproxyls in modern ecosystems. Yet, fossil larvae of the group are extremely scarce. Here we present 23 new records of fossil stratiomyomorphan larvae, representing six discrete morphotypes. Specimens originate from Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, Eocene Baltic amber, Miocene Dominican amber, and compression fossils from the Eocene of Messel (Germany) and the Miocene of Slovenia. We discuss the implications of these new records for our understanding of stratiomyomorphan ecomorphology in deep time as well as their palaeoecology.
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McDonald, H. Gregory, and Richard Arnold Davis. "Fossil muskoxen of Ohio." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 1159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-167.
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Two species of muskoxen have been found as fossils in Ohio's Pleistocene deposits, the extinct Symbos cavifrons and the extant Ovibos moschatus. Symbos currently is represented by six specimens, and Ovibos, by two; all specimens are brain-cases. One of the Ovibos was found in Hamilton County, Ohio, in Wisconsinan gravels associated with the Miami Sublobe of the Huron Lobe; this new record is the southernmost for the genus. All records of Symbos in Ohio are Late Pleistocene, suggesting that the genus expanded into the region shortly after deglaciation. Both records of Ovibos from the state are associated with the glacial margin.
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Rosina, Valentina V., and Michael Rummel. "The new Early Miocene bat records from the Molasse sites of South Germany." Fossil Imprint 73, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2017): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2017-0013.
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Abstract Fossil bats are described from deposits of the Upper Freshwater Molasse of the Forsthart and Rembach sites in East Bavaria of South Germany (MN 4). The material comprises 13 fragments, representing at least six different species, all belonging to Vespertilionidae. A fossil form from Rembach, close to the Oriental clade of Hesperoptenus, represents the first and oldest fossil record of this clade in Europe. The assignment of bat records to extant Oriental clades Hesperoptenus and Submyotodon in Rembach, as well as different forms of Miostrellus in Forsthart indicate considerable diversity in Early Miocene vespertilionid bats, and have exciting palaeobiogeographic implications. Fossils are discussed in regards to taxonomic, stratigraphic and palaeoecological significance.
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Graham, Shirley A. "Fossil Records in the Lythraceae." Botanical Review 79, no. 1 (February 8, 2013): 48–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12229-012-9116-1.
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Borkent, A., and R. Szadziewski. "The first records of fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 22, no. 4 (1991): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631291x00255.
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AbstractThe first fossil Corethrellidae, represented by two male adult Corethrella, are described. One, C. prisca sp. n., is from Saxonian amber collected in East Germany and is of Miocene age (22 Ma). The other, C. nudistyla sp. n., is from Dominican Republic amber and is 15-40 million years old. The family Corethrellidae, because of its phylogenetic position, is presumably of at least Jurassic age. The fossils are typical members of the genus Corethrella and belong to a clade which is the sister group of a single species in New Zealand.
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Goedert, James L. "Giant late Eocene marine birds (Pelecaniformes: Pelagornithidae) from northwestern Oregon." Journal of Paleontology 63, no. 6 (November 1989): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000036647.
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Fossil bird bones from the late Eocene Keasey Formation and the latest Eocene Pittsburg Bluff Formation in northwestern Oregon are the earliest records of the pelecaniform family Pelagornithidae for the Pacific Basin. These fossils also represent the first late Eocene records of the family from the Northern Hemisphere, the second late Eocene record worldwide, and indicate that these animals were among the largest of flying birds. Unfortunately, the fragmentary condition of these fossils and the currently confused state of pelagornithid systematics prevents the assignment of these specimens to new species at this time.
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Shavrin, Alexey V., and Shûhei Yamamoto. "Unexpected palaeodiversity of omaliine rove beetles in Eocene Baltic amber (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae)." ZooKeys 863 (July 11, 2019): 35–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.863.34662.
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Fossil records of the subfamily Omaliinae are fragmentary and most of them are less informative compression fossils. Baltic amber from the mid-Eocene of northern Europe is one of the most important sources of insect fossils, but only two reliably placed omaliines have been described. Here, we provide a general overview of this subfamily in Baltic amber. In total, five new extinct species of four genera in three tribes are described and illustrated:Geodromicusbalticussp. nov.(Anthophagini),Eusphalerumkantisp. nov.(Eusphalerini),Paraphloeostibamorosasp. nov.,Phyllodrepadaedalisp. nov., andPh.icarisp. nov.(Omaliini). Additionally, we report on four species belonging toEusphalerum, which remain unnamed, from the same amber deposit. The records ofEusphaleruminclude the first fossils of the tribe Eusphalerini, while that ofGeodromicusmay represent the second and the first definitive fossil record of the genus and tribe Anthophagini. Our discoveries highlight the unexpected palaeodiversity of Omaliinae in Baltic amber, further reinforcing the coexistence of thermophilous and temperate-loving beetles in Baltic amber and potentially indicating wetland and riparian habitats of amber-producing forests.
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Hill, RS, and SS Whang. "A new species of Fitzroya (Cupressaceae) from oligocene sediments in north-western Tasmania." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 6 (1996): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960867.
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Vegetative twigs from Oligocene sediments in north-western Tasmania are assigned to a new fossil species of Fitzroya, F. tasmanensis. These twigs differ from extant F. cupressoides in leaf shape and stomatal orientation and morphology. This is the first fossil record of Fitzroya from outside the current range of the genus (South America). Previous fossil records of Fitzroya from South America are almost certainly erroneous. These fossils occur in sediments with leaves and cupules of Nothofagus subgenus Nothofagus, which is also restricted to South America today. This suggests that some current plant associations in southern South America provide good analogues for vegetation in Oligocene Tasmania.
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Smiley, Tara M. "Detecting diversification rates in relation to preservation and tectonic history from simulated fossil records." Paleobiology 44, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2017.28.
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AbstractFor mammals today, mountains are diverse ecosystems globally, yet the strong relationship between species richness and topographic complexity is not a persistent feature of the fossil record. Based on fossil-occurrence data, diversity and diversification rates in the intermontane western North America varied through time, increasing significantly during an interval of global warming and regional intensification of tectonic activity from 18 to 14 Ma. However, our ability to infer origination and extinction rates reliably from the fossil record is affected by variation in preservation history. To investigate the influence of preservation on estimates of diversification rates, I simulated fossil records under four alternative diversification hypotheses and six preservation scenarios. Diversification hypotheses included tectonically controlled speciation pulses, while preservation scenarios were based on common trends (e.g., increasing rock record toward the present) or derived from fossil occurrences and the continental rock record. For each scenario, I estimated origination, extinction, and diversification rates using three standard methods—per capita, three-timer, and capture–mark–recapture (CMR) metrics—and evaluated the ability of the simulated fossil records to accurately recover the underlying diversification dynamics. Despite variable and low preservation probabilities, simulated fossil records retained the signal of true rates in several of the scenarios. The three metrics did not exhibit similar behavior under each preservation scenario: while three-timer and CMR metrics produced more accurate rate estimates, per capita rates tended to better reproduce true shifts in origination rates. All metrics suffered from spurious peaks in origination and extinction rates when highly volatile preservation impacted the simulated record. Results from these simulations indicate that elevated diversification rates in relation to tectonic activity during the middle Miocene are likely to be evident in the fossil record, even if preservation in the North American fossil record was variable. Input from the past is necessary to evaluate the ultimate mechanisms underlying speciation and extinction dynamics.
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Santucci, Vincent L. "Preserving fossils in the national parks: A history." Earth Sciences History 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 245–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-36.2.245.
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ABSTRACT The fossil record preserved throughout the National Park Service spans more than a billion years and is documented in at least 267 park units. The discovery, collection, study, and resource management of fossils from localities which are currently within parks sometimes predate the establishment of the National Park Service and many of the parks. Public education and interpretation at parks such as Agate Fossil Beds and Tule Springs Fossil Beds national monuments and many other designated areas include information on the rich history of paleontological field work by notable paleontologists undertaken prior to the areas being preserved as national park areas. Another important historical aspect for several dozen parks involves the conservation efforts undertaken by the public and interest groups to preserve and protect these important fossil localities. The evolution of the science and methodologies in paleontology is reflected in the resource management undertaken by the National Park Service and documented in park resource management records and archives, scientific publications, and agency policy. Today the National Park Service celebrates fossils by coordinating the National Fossil Day partnership which helps to promote the scientific and educational value of fossils.
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Riquelme, Francisco, and Miguel Hernández-Patricio. "The millipedes and centipedes of Chiapas amber." Check List 14, no. 4 (August 10, 2018): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/14.4.637.
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An inventory of fossil millipedes (class Diplopoda) and centipedes (class Chilopoda) from Miocene Chiapas amber, Mexico, is presented, with the inclusion of new records. For Diplopoda, 34 members are enumerated, for which 31 are described as new fossil records of the orders Siphonophorida Newport, 1844, Spirobolida Bollman, 1893, Polydesmida Leach, 1895, Stemmiulida Pocock, 1894, and the superorder Juliformia Attems, 1926. For Chilopoda 8 fossils are listed, for which 3 are new records of the order Geophilomorpha Pocock, 1895 and 2 are of the order Scolopendromorpha Pocock, 1895.
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Donovan, Stephen K. "Drilling Predation in the Fossil Records." Ichnos 12, no. 1 (January 2005): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940590914651.
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Santos, Rodolfo Otávio, Michel Laurin, and Hussam Zaher. "A review of the fossil record of caecilians (Lissamphibia: Gymnophionomorpha) with comments on its use to calibrate molecular timetrees." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 4 (November 3, 2020): 737–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa148.
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Abstract Gymnophiona, popularly known as caecilians, the most poorly known major taxon of extant amphibians, are elongate and limbless tetrapods, with compact ossified skulls and reduced eyes, mainly adapted to fossorial life as adults. Caecilians are poorly represented in the fossil record, but despite the scarcity of fossil specimens described (only four named taxa, in addition to indeterminate fragmentary material), their fossils play a key role in our knowledge of the origin and evolution of Lissamphibia, as well as contribute directly to a better understanding of the phylogeny, taxonomy and biogeography of extant gymnophionan taxa. These records are scattered throughout geological time (from the Jurassic to the sub-Recent) and space (North and South America and Africa). Here, we revisit the caecilian fossil record, providing a brief description of all known extinct taxa described so far, along with general remarks about their impact on systematics, time range, and geographical distribution of the clade, as well as prospects for future research. Possible calibration constraints based on the caecilian fossil record are provided.
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Baas, Pieter, Steven R. Manchester, Elisabeth A. Wheeler, and Rashmi Srivastava. "Fossil wood with dimorphic fibers from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India – the oldest fossil Connaraceae?" IAWA Journal 38, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170162.
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Wood of Connaroxylon dimorphum (Connaraceae, Oxalidales) from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India (KPg Boundary 65–67 MY BP) is described. It is characterized by parenchyma-like fiber bands alternating with normal fibers, septate and nonseptate fibers, vessel-ray pits with strongly reduced borders, uniseriate rays of square and upright cells, and radial tubules in the center of ray cells that are arranged in a herringbone pattern. The overall wood anatomy strongly resembles Melastomataceae p. p., Lagerstroemia p. p. (Lythraceae) and Connarus (Connaraceae). However, the shared radial tubules of Connarus and the fossil strongly tilt the evidence of botanical affinities towards this genus. This would represent the second and by far the oldest fossil wood record of the Connaraceae, also considerably older than the earliest fossil records of the family’s other plant parts, and one of the oldest fossils of the order Oxalidales.
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Harms, Danilo, and Jason A. Dunlop. "The fossil history of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones)." Fossil Record 20, no. 2 (August 9, 2017): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-215-2017.
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Abstract. Pseudoscorpions, given their resemblance to scorpions, have attracted human attention since the time of Aristotle, although they are much smaller and lack the sting and elongated tail. These arachnids have a long evolutionary history but their origins and phylogenetic affinities are still being debated. Here, we summarise their fossil record based on a comprehensive review of the literature and data contained in other sources. Pseudoscorpions are one of the oldest colonisers of the land, with fossils known since the Middle Devonian (ca. 390 Ma). The only arachnid orders with an older fossil record are scorpions, harvestmen and acariform mites, plus two extinct groups. Pseudoscorpions do not fossilise easily, and records from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic consist almost exclusively of amber inclusions. Most Mesozoic fossils come from Archingeay and Burmese ambers (Late Cretaceous) and those from the Cenozoic are primarily from Eocene Baltic amber, although additional fossils from, for example, Miocene Dominican and Mexican ambers, are known. Overall, 16 of the 26 families of living pseudoscorpions have been documented from fossils and 49 currently valid species are recognised in the literature. Pseudoscorpions represent a case of morphological stasis and even the Devonian fossils look rather modern. Indeed, most amber fossils are comparable to Recent groups despite a major gap in the fossil record of almost 250 Myr. Baltic amber inclusions indicate palaeofauna inhabiting much warmer climates than today and point to climatic shifts in central Europe since the Eocene. They also indicate that some groups (e.g. Feaellidae and Pseudogarypidae) had much wider Eocene distributions. Their present-day occurrence is relictual and highlights past extinction events. Faunas from younger tropical amber deposits (e.g. Dominican and Mexican amber) are comparable to Recent ones. Generally, there is a strong bias in the amber record towards groups that live under tree bark, whereas those from litter habitats are underrepresented. We also discuss challenges in interpreting fossils: their cryptic morphology warranting novel techniques of morphological reconstruction, the massive gap in the fossil record between the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic, and problems with the classification of (historically) old amber material. Finally, we discuss aspects of the palaeoecology and biology of the fossils compared with the Recent fauna, such as phoresy.
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Moldovan, O. T., S. Constantin, C. Panaiotu, R. D. Roban, P. Frenzel, and L. Miko. "Fossil invertebrates records in cave sediments and paleoenvironmental assessments – a study of four cave sites from Romanian Carpathians." Biogeosciences 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2016): 483–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-483-2016.
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Abstract. Fossil invertebrates from cave sediments have been recently described as a potential new proxy for paleoenvironment and used in cross-correlations with alternate proxy records from cave deposits. Here we present the results of a fossil invertebrates study in four caves from two climatically different regions of the Romanian Carpathians, to complement paleoenvironmental data previously reported. Oribatid mites and ostracods are the most common invertebrates in the studied cave sediments. Some of the identified taxa are new to science, and most of them are indicative for either warm and/or cold stages or dry and/or wetter oscillations. In two caves the fossil invertebrates records indicate rapid climate oscillations during times known for a relatively stable climate. By corroborating the fossil invertebrates' record with the information given by magnetic properties and sediment structures, complementary data on past vegetation, temperatures and hydraulic regimes could be gathered. This paper analyzes the potential of fossil invertebrate records as a paleoenvironmental proxy, potential problems and pitfalls.
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Moldovan, O. T., S. Constantin, C. Panaiotu, R. D. Roban, P. Frenzel, and L. Miko. "Fossil invertebrates records in cave sediments and paleoenvironmental assessments: a study of four cave sites from Romanian Carpathians." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 11 (June 15, 2015): 8849–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-8849-2015.
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Abstract. Fossil invertebrates from cave sediments have been recently described as a potential new proxy for paleoenvironment and used in cross-correlations with alternate proxy records from cave deposits. Here we present the results of a fossil invertebrates study in four caves from two climatically different regions of the Romanian Carpathians, to complement paleoenvironmental data previously reported. Oribatid mites and ostracods are the most common invertebrates in the studied cave sediments. Some of the identified taxa are new for science, and most of them are indicative for either warm/cold stages or dry/wetter oscillations. In two caves the fossil invertebrates records indicate rapid climate oscillations during times known for a relatively stable climate. By corroborating the fossil invertebrates' record with the information given by magnetic properties and sediment structures, complementary data on past vegetation, temperatures, and hydraulic regimes could be gathered. This paper analyses the potential of fossil invertebrate records as a paleoenvironmental proxy, potential problems and pitfalls.
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DOWELD, ALEXANDER B. "Styrax carranzae, a new name for extant Styrax lanceolatus P.W. Fritsch non Engelhardt (Styracaceae)." Phytotaxa 460, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.3.7.
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In revising fossil records of the genus Styrax Linnaeus (1753: 444) for the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI, 2014 onwards) with the aim of listing all fossil plant species (Doweld 2015, 2016a), it became apparent that a few fossil-species are later illegitimate homonyms of the extant species of Styrax, and their nomenclature was recently resolved by proposing new replacement names for them (Doweld 2016b). However, an additional case of the homonymy of an extant species by a preoccupied name in fossils remained unsettled.
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Dyke, Gareth J., and Cyril A. Walker. "New records of fossil birds from the Pliocene of Kallo, Belgium." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Monatshefte 2005, no. 4 (April 25, 2005): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpm/2005/2005/233.
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Hopkins, Melanie J., David W. Bapst, Carl Simpson, and Rachel C. M. Warnock. "The inseparability of sampling and time and its influence on attempts to unify the molecular and fossil records." Paleobiology 44, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 561–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2018.27.
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AbstractThe two major approaches to studying macroevolution in deep time are the fossil record and reconstructed relationships among extant taxa from molecular data. Results based on one approach sometimes conflict with those based on the other, with inconsistencies often attributed to inherent flaws of one (or the other) data source. Any contradiction between the molecular and fossil records represents a failure of our ability to understand the imperfections of our data, as both are limited reflections of the same evolutionary history. We therefore need to develop conceptual and mathematical models that jointly explain our observations in both records. Fortunately, the different limitations of each record provide an opportunity to test or calibrate the other, and new methodological developments leverage both records simultaneously. However, we must reckon with the distinct relationships between sampling and time in the fossil record and molecular phylogenies. These differences impact our recognition of baselines and the analytical incorporation of age estimate uncertainty.
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Boessenecker, Robert W., and Morgan Churchill. "The oldest known fur seal." Biology Letters 11, no. 2 (February 2015): 20140835. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0835.
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The poorly known fossil record of fur seals and sea lions (Otariidae) does not reflect their current diversity and widespread abundance. This limited fossil record contrasts with the more complete fossil records of other pinnipeds such as walruses (Odobenidae). The oldest known otariids appear 5–6 Ma after the earliest odobenids, and the remarkably derived craniodental morphology of otariids offers few clues to their early evolutionary history and phylogenetic affinities among pinnipeds. We report a new otariid, Eotaria crypta , from the lower middle Miocene ‘Topanga’ Formation (15–17.1 Ma) of southern California, represented by a partial mandible with well-preserved dentition. Eotaria crypta is geochronologically intermediate between ‘enaliarctine’ stem pinnipedimorphs (16.6–27 Ma) and previously described otariid fossils (7.3–12.5 Ma), as well as morphologically intermediate by retaining an M 2 and a reduced M 1 metaconid cusp and lacking P 2–4 metaconid cusps. Eotaria crypta eliminates the otariid ghost lineage and confirms that otariids evolved from an ‘enaliarctine’-like ancestor.
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Porter, Susannah M. "Insights into eukaryogenesis from the fossil record." Interface Focus 10, no. 4 (June 12, 2020): 20190105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2019.0105.
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Eukaryogenesis—the process by which the eukaryotic cell emerged—has long puzzled scientists. It has been assumed that the fossil record has little to say about this process, in part because important characters such as the nucleus and mitochondria are rarely preserved, and in part because the prevailing model of early eukaryotes implies that eukaryogenesis occurred before the appearance of the first eukaryotes recognized in the fossil record. Here, I propose a different scenario for early eukaryote evolution than is widely assumed. Rather than crown group eukaryotes originating in the late Paleoproterozoic and remaining ecologically minor components for more than half a billion years in a prokaryote-dominated world, I argue for a late Mesoproterozoic origin of the eukaryotic crown group, implying that eukaryogenesis can be studied using the fossil record. I review the proxy records of four crown group characters: the capacity to form cysts as evidenced by the presence of excystment structures; a complex cytoskeleton as evidenced by spines or pylomes; sterol synthesis as evidenced by steranes; and aerobic respiration—and therefore mitochondria—as evidenced by eukaryotes living in oxic environments, and argue that it might be possible to use these proxy records to infer the order in which these characters evolved. The records indicate that both cyst formation and a complex cytoskeleton appeared by late Paleoproterozoic time, and sterol synthesis appeared in the late Mesoproterozioc or early Neoproterozoic. The origin of aerobic respiration cannot as easily be pinned down, but current evidence permits the possibility that it evolved sometime in the Mesoproterozoic.
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Badgley, Catherine, Anna Kay Behrensmeyer, William S. Bartels, and Thomas M. Bown. "Preservational, paleoecological, and evolutionary patterns in the Wyoming-Montana Paleogene and Siwalik Neogene records." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200005736.
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The Paleocene to early Eocene sequence of Wyoming-Montana and the Miocene to Pleistocene Siwalik record of Pakistan are exceptionally long, continental sequences, each containing a rich and well documented fossil record, especially of mammals. The two sequences are broadly similar in tectonic setting and sedimentary environment, in duration and facies changes, and in diversity of fossils. Each contains a paleoclimatic record in stable isotopes and, in the Paleogene, floras. Comparison of these two sequences has focused our attention on the interaction of tectonic, climatic, sedimentologic, and taphonomic factors that produce a particular fossil record and on the co-occurring ecological and evolutionary changes that result in a historical series of biotas, each the product of local and global events.In the Paleogene record, the geographic scope of the record encompasses much of the floodbasin, and the spatial distribution of paleoenvironments formed fairly straightforward gradients from channel to distal floodplain. The Siwalik record has a smaller window onto a larger, heterogeneous fluvial system often with multiple, contemporaneous river systems that differ in magnitude. The spatial distribution of paleoenvironments was a mosaic without long proximal to distal gradients. In both records, major facies changes are correlated with striking changes in fossil productivity.The overall pattern of fossil preservation by depositional environment differs substantially in the two areas. The Siwalik sequence has a greater variety of depositional environments that produce fossils throughout the section. The primary productive environment in the older part of the Paleocene record declined in productivity upsection, while a previously unproductive facies became the major source of fossils. Much of the record represents attritional accumulation in each area, but a significant portion is transported. The taphonomic processes that created fossil concentrations led to better taxonomic resolution for most Paleogene localities than in most Siwalik localities.In each record, both aquatic and terrestrial components of the vertebrate faunas are correlated with facies. Since facies varied in productivity over time, some changes in faunal composition may have resulted from change in the prevalence or productivity of particular facies. At least one faunal turnover coincided with major facies changes in each sequence.For mammals in each record, immigration rather than speciation in situ was the primary means of appearance of new species. Episodes of immigration were not closely followed by extinctions of resident species. Mean species longevity appears to have been more than twice as great in the Neogene than in the Paleogene record. Changes in faunal composition and species richness occurred during times of global climatic change; causal connections are still being explored. Changes in species richness did not track changes in relative abundance of taxa or changes in size within lineages or faunas. In terms of guild structure, the herbivore guild had high relative generic diversity through most of both sequences. The Paleogene record had a more even distribution of taxa in the five principal guilds, while the Siwalik record was heavily dominated by the herbivore guild. Size distributions differed substantially, reflecting the early and late windows into the mammalian radiation, rather than sampling bias.
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Kaulfuss, Uwe, and Gennady M. Dlussky. "Early Miocene Formicidae (Amblyoponinae, Ectatomminae, ?Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, and Ponerinae) from the Foulden Maar Fossil Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic relevance." Journal of Paleontology 89, no. 6 (November 2015): 1043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2015.62.
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AbstractThe fossil record of Australasian Formicidae is extremely sparse. It currently comprises two ants in the subfamilies Ponerinae and Dolichoderinae from Plio/Pleistocene strata in Victoria, Australia, 14 as-yet undescribed ants from Cape York amber, and one ant in the subfamily Amblyoponinae from the early Miocene Foulden Maar in southern New Zealand. Here, we report on a diverse myrmecofauna preserved as compression fossils from Foulden Maar and describe Amblyoponinae gen. et sp. indet.,Rhytidoponera waipiatan. sp.,Rhytidoponera gibsonin. sp.,Myrmecorhynchus novaeseelandiaen. sp., andAustroponera schneiderin. sp. Further isolated wings are designated as Formicidae sp. A, B, and C, the former resembling a member of subfamily Dolichoderinae. Fossils ofAustroponeraandMyrmecorhynchusare reported for the first time, whereasRhytidoponera waipiatan. sp. andR.gibsonin. sp. are the first Southern Hemisphere fossil records of this genus.The fossil taxa from Foulden Maar establish the subfamilies Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Ponerinae and, possibly, Dolichoderinae in the Australasian region in the early Miocene and provide evidence that the few native ants in the extant New Zealand fauna are the surviving remnant of taxonomically different, possibly more diverse, warm-temperate to subtropical myrmecofauna.
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Benton, M. J., and M. J. Simms. "Testing the marine and continental fossil records." Geology 23, no. 7 (1995): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0601:ttmacf>2.3.co;2.
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HARLEY, MADELINE M. "A summary of fossil records for Arecaceae." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 151, no. 1 (May 2006): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2006.00522.x.
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Scott, Eric, and Kathleen B. Springer. "First records ofCanis dirusandSmilodon fatalisfrom the late Pleistocene Tule Springs local fauna, upper Las Vegas Wash, Nevada." PeerJ 4 (June 21, 2016): e2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2151.
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Late Pleistocene groundwater discharge deposits (paleowetlands) in the upper Las Vegas Wash north of Las Vegas, Nevada, have yielded an abundant and diverse vertebrate fossil assemblage, the Tule Springs local fauna (TSLF). The TSLF is the largest open-site vertebrate fossil assemblage dating to the Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age in the southern Great Basin and Mojave Desert. Over 600 discrete body fossil localities have been recorded from the wash, including an area that now encompasses Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument (TUSK). Paleowetland sediments exposed in TUSK named the Las Vegas Formation span the last 250 ka, with fossiliferous sediments spanning ∼100–13 ka. The recovered fauna is dominated by remains ofCamelopsandMammuthus, and also includes relatively common remains of extinctEquusandBisonas well as abundant vertebrate microfaunal fossils. Large carnivorans are rare, with onlyPuma concolorandPanthera atroxdocumented previously. Postcranial remains assigned to the speciesCanis dirus(dire wolf) andSmilodon fatalis(sabre-toothed cat) represent the first confirmed records of these species from the TSLF, as well as the first documentation ofCanis dirusin Nevada and the only known occurrence ofSmilodonin southern Nevada. The size of the recovered canid fossil precludes assignment to other Pleistocene species ofCanis. The morphology of the felid elements differentiates them from other large predators such asPanthera,Homotherium, andXenosmilus, and the size of the fossils prevents assignment to other species ofSmilodon. The confirmed presence ofS. fatalisin the TSLF is of particular interest, indicating that this species inhabited open habitats. In turn, this suggests that the presumed preference ofS. fatalisfor closed-habitat environments hunting requires further elucidation.
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Carbot-Chanona, Gerardo, Gustavo Rivera-Velázquez, Eduardo Jiménez-Hidalgo, and Víctor Hugo Reynoso. "The fossil record of turtles and tortoises (Testudines) of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean Islands, with comments on its taxonomy and paleobiogeography: a bibliographic review." Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 37, no. 3 (November 4, 2020): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cgeo.20072902e.2020.3.1581.
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Testudines is the crown-group that includes all living forms of turtles and their closest relatives. This group is known from the late Triassic and persists to this day. The fossil record of Testudines in Mexico is scarce and has been previously compiled in several papers. Here we present an update including all osteological and ichnological records from México and Central America. In Mexico, the Testudines fossil record extends from the Late Triassic to the Pleistocene, being widely abundant during the Pleistocene. Kinosternon and Gopherus are the best represented taxa, known from the late Miocene (Hemphillian) to the late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean). Fossil turtles are well represented in Mexico, excluding the states of Campeche, Mexico City, Colima, Guerrero, Queretaro, Quintana Roo and Sinaloa. On the contrary, the ichnological records are only known in Coahuila, Puebla and Zacatecas. In Central America there are records of fossil turtles in El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama, the latter being the country holding most records. Finally, nine new species have been described in the region, six for Mexico (Notoemys tlaxiacoensis, Yelmochelys rosarioae, Mexichelys coahuilaensis, Gopherus donlaloi, G. auffenbergi and G. pargensis, of which G. auffenbergi is synonymous with G. berlandieri and G. pargensis is considered a nomen vanum) and three in Central America (Rhinoclemmys nicoyama from Costa Rica, and Rhinoclemmys panamaensis and Staurotypus moschus from Panama).
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Agnihotri, Deepa, Jorge F. Genise, Anju Saxena, and A. K. Srivastava. "Palliedaphichnium gondwanicum new ichnogenus new ichnospecies, a millipede trace fossil from paleosols of the upper Permian Gondwana sequence of India." Journal of Paleontology 95, no. 5 (May 27, 2021): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2021.38.
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AbstractThe new invertebrate trace fossil from paleosols of the Bijori Formation, Palliedaphichnium gondwanicum new ichnogenus new ichnospecies, which belongs to an upper Permian Gondwana sequence of India, makes a significant contribution to the meager records of invertebrate trace fossils from Permian and Indian paleosols. This trace fossil attributed to Diplopoda and composed of tunnels and chambers filled with pellets is also an important addition to the scarce record of Permian millipedes. The abundance of plant remains in the same paleosol indicates that these millipedes probably fed on leaf litter as other fossil and extant representatives. Chambers and abundant pellets in burrows indicate adverse conditions on the surface, at least seasonally. This finding contributes to the emerging scenario of invertebrate ichnofaunas from paleosols and points to a successive dominance of millipedes during the Paleozoic, crayfishes and earthworms in the Mesozoic, and insects in the Cenozoic.UUID: http://zoobank.org/4378c739-9bd1-4382-b084-e2176045e209
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Walker, Ian R., and Rolf W. Mathewes. "LATE-QUATERNARY FOSSIL CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM HIPPA LAKE, QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, BRITISH COLUMBIA, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TOCORYNOCERAZETT." Canadian Entomologist 120, no. 8-9 (September 1988): 739–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent120739-8.
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AbstractChironomid stratigraphic analyses of sediment from Hippa Lake, Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C., revealed a fossil chironomid record unlike that reported for deeper lakes of southwestern British Columbia, but similar to an arctic Alaskan sequence. Little evidence of trophic succession or climatic change was noted.Chironomids, includingCorynoceranr.ambiguaZett., rapidly colonized the lake. Because the known adults ofCorynoceraZett. are brachypterous, the early arrival ofC. nr.ambiguaat Hippa Lake suggested either that this species survived in a Queen Charlotte glacial refugium, that chironomids can disperse very rapidly, even without active flight, or the existence of a previously undescribedCorynoceraspecies with well-developed wings.Elsewhere, fossils of theC.ambiguagroup are commonly associated with fossil oospores ofCharaValliant andNitellaAgardh. North American records are inconsistent, although similar correlations existed in some coastal lakes of British Columbia.
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Kopperud, Bjørn Tore, Scott Lidgard, and Lee Hsiang Liow. "Text-mined fossil biodiversity dynamics using machine learning." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1901 (April 24, 2019): 20190022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0022.
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Documented occurrences of fossil taxa are the empirical foundation for understanding large-scale biodiversity changes and evolutionary dynamics in deep time. The fossil record contains vast amounts of understudied taxa. Yet the compilation of huge volumes of data remains a labour-intensive impediment to a more complete understanding of Earth's biodiversity history. Even so, many occurrence records of species and genera in these taxa can be uncovered in the palaeontological literature. Here, we extract observations of fossils and their inferred ages from unstructured text in books and scientific articles using machine-learning approaches. We use Bryozoa, a group of marine invertebrates with a rich fossil record, as a case study. Building on recent advances in computational linguistics, we develop a pipeline to recognize taxonomic names and geologic time intervals in published literature and use supervised learning to machine-read whether the species in question occurred in a given age interval. Intermediate machine error rates appear comparable to human error rates in a simple trial, and resulting genus richness curves capture the main features of published fossil diversity studies of bryozoans. We believe our automated pipeline, that greatly reduced the time required to compile our dataset, can help others compile similar data for other taxa.
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Calder, W. John, and Bryan Shuman. "Detecting past changes in vegetation resilience in the context of a changing climate." Biology Letters 15, no. 3 (March 2019): 20180768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0768.
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Anthropogenic climate change is continuously altering ecological responses to disturbance and must be accounted for when examining ecological resilience. One way to measure resilience in ecological datasets is by considering the amount and duration of change from a baseline created by perturbations, such as disturbances like wildfire. Recovery occurs when ecological conditions return to equilibrium, meaning that no subsequent changes can be attributed to the effects of the disturbance, but climate change often causes the recovered state to differ from the previous baseline. The palaeoecological record provides an opportunity to examine these expectations because palaeoclimates changed continuously; few periods existed when environmental conditions were stationary. Here we demonstrate a framework for examining resilience in palaeoecological records against the backdrop of a non-stationary climate by considering resilience as two components of (i) resistance (magnitude of change) and (ii) recovery (time required to return) to predicted equilibrium values. Measuring these components of resilience in palaeoecological records requires high-resolution fossil (e.g. pollen) records, local palaeoclimate reconstructions, a model to predict ecological change in response to climate change, and disturbance records measured at the same spatial scale as the ecological (e.g. vegetation history) record. Resistance following disturbance is measured as the deviation of the fossil record from the ecological state predicted by the palaeoclimate records, and recovery time is measured as the time required for the fossil record to return to predicted values. We show that some cases may involve nearly persistent equilibrium despite large climate changes, but that others can involve a shift to a new state without any complete recovery.
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Shukla, Anumeha, and R. C. Mehrotra. "The oldest fossil of Duabanga from Kutch, western India." IAWA Journal 38, no. 4 (December 6, 2017): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20170180.
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ABSTRACTThe systematics of a fossil wood assigned to Duabangoxylon (family Lythraceae) is described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Kutch, Gujarat, western India considered to be late Maastrichtian to early Danian in age. This fossil is the oldest record of Duabanga as its previous records are not older than Eocene. As the intertrappean flora of Kutch is poorly known, the present fossil not only enriches this flora but also helps in the reconstruction of palaeoclimate.
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Moura, Geraldo Jorge Barbosa, and Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque. "The First Report on the Medicinal Use of Fossils in Latin America." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/691717.
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There have been very few ethnopharmacological studies performed on the traditional use of fossil species, although a few records have been conducted in Asia, Africa, and Europe. This study is the first ever to be performed on the use of Testudine (turtle) fossils for folk medicine in Latin America. An investigation was conducted in the Araripe Basin, which is one of the most important fossil-bearing reserves in the world due to the diversity, endemism, and quality of preservation of its fossils. We propose the formalization of a new discipline called ethnopaleontology, which will involve the study of the dynamic relationship between humans and fossils, from human perception to direct use.
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Geiger, Daniel L., and Lindsey T. Groves. "Review of fossil abalone (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Haliotidae) with comparison to Recent species." Journal of Paleontology 73, no. 5 (September 1999): 872–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000040713.
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Compared to their Recent counterparts, fossil abalone are rare and poorly known. Their taxonomy is problematic, because most of the 35 fossil species have been described from single specimens and shell characteristics of Recent species are extremely plastic. Thus, the use of fossil species in phylogeny is questionable. Abalone first appear in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichian) with one species each in California and the Caribbean, are unknown in the Paleocene, and appear again in the late Eocene and Oligocene of New Zealand and Europe. They are regularly found from the late Miocene to the Recent in tropical to temperate regions worldwide. Most records are from intensely studied areas: SW North America, Caribbean, Europe, South Africa, Japan, and Australia. Despite their highest present-day diversity being found in the Indo-Pacific, their scarcity in the fossil record in this region is remarkable. The family may have originated in the central Indo-Pacific, Pacific Rim, or Tethys. An extensive list of all known fossil records including new ones from Europe and western North America is given. Fossil and Recent abalone both apparently lived in the shallow, rocky sublittoral in tropical and temperate climates. No on-shore/off-shore pattern is detected.
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HAKIM, MARINA, DIYING HUANG, and DANY AZAR. "First lepidopsocid from the mid Miocene Dominican amber (Psocodea: Trogiomorpha: Lepidopsocidae)." Palaeoentomology 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.1.1.8.
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Lepidopsocids are well diversified in recent fauna, but fossil records remain very scarce. Echmepteryx (Loxopholia) dominicanus sp. nov. from Dominican amber is herein described and illustrated. This species is attributed to subfamily Lepidopsocinae Enderlein, 1903 and assigned to genus Echmepteryx Aaron, 1886. This new record is the second oldest lepidopsocid. It is also the first species in this family to be described from Dominican amber and the only fossil record of Lepidopsocinae.
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Zhi–chen, Song, Wang Wei–ming, and Huang Fei. "Fossil Pollen Records of Extant Angiosperms in China." Botanical Review 70, no. 4 (October 2004): 425–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0006-8101(2004)070[0425:fproea]2.0.co;2.
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Vidal, G. "The early fossil and geological records-An overview." Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 26, no. 3-5 (October 1996): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02459754.
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Xu, Xiao-Ting, Wei-Yu-Dong Deng, Zhe-Kun Zhou, Torsten Wappler, and Tao Su. "The first Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Eocene of the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau." Fossil Record 24, no. 2 (August 17, 2021): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-24-263-2021.
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Abstract. The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) played a crucial role in shaping the biodiversity in Asia during the Cenozoic. However, fossil records attributed to insects are still scarce from the QTP, which limits our understanding on the evolution of biodiversity in this large region. Fulgoridae (lanternfly) is a group of large planthopper in body size, which is found primarily in tropical regions. The majority of the Fulgoridae bear brilliant colors and elongated heads. The fossil records of Fulgoridae span from the Eocene to Miocene in the Northern Hemisphere, and only a few fossil species from Neogene deposits have been reported in Asia so far. Here, we report a new fossil record of Fulgoridae from the middle Eocene Lunpola Basin, central QTP. The specimen is in lateral compression, with complete abdomen, thorax, and part of the wings preserved, while most of the head is missing. It belongs to the “lower Fulgoroidea” judging by several strong lateral spines on the hind tibia and a row of teeth at the apex of the second metatarsomere. This fossil specimen is assigned to Fulgoridae by comparison with nine families of the “lower Fulgoroidea”. The specimen represents the earliest Fulgoridae fossil record in Asia and was considered a new morphotaxon based on the peculiar legs and wings. Based on the modern distribution of fulgorid and other paleontological evidence, we suggest a warm climate with relatively low elevation during the middle Eocene in the central QTP. Therefore, this new fossil record not only provides important information on insect diversity in the middle Eocene, but also gives new evidence on the paleoenvironment in the core area of the QTP from the perspective of an insect.
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Tarasov, Sergei, Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello, Frank-Thorsten Krell, and Dimitar Dimitrov. "A review and phylogeny of Scarabaeine dung beetle fossils (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with the description of twoCanthochilumspecies from Dominican amber." PeerJ 4 (May 11, 2016): e1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1988.
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Despite the increasing rate of systematic research on scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), their fossil record has remained largely unrevised. In this paper, we review all 33 named scarabaeine fossils and describe two new species from Dominican amber (Canthochilum allenisp.n.,Canthochilum philipsivieorumsp.n.). We provide a catalogue of all fossil Scarabaeinae and evaluate their assignment to this subfamily, based primarily on the original descriptions but also, where possible, by examining the type specimens. We suggest that only 21 fossil taxa can be reliably assigned to the Scarabaeinae, while the remaining 14 should be treated as doubtful Scarabaeinae. The doubtful scarabaeines include the two oldest dung beetle fossils known from the Cretaceous and we suggest excluding them from any assessments of the minimum age of scarabaeine dung beetles. The earliest reliably described scarabaeine fossil appears to beLobateuchus parisii, known from Oise amber (France), which shifts the minimum age of the Scarabaeinae to the Eocene (53 Ma). We scored the best-preserved fossils, namelyLobateuchusand the twoCanthochilumspecies described herein, into the character matrix used in a recent morphology-based study of dung beetles, and then inferred their phylogenetic relationships with Bayesian and parsimony methods. All analyses yielded consistent phylogenies where the two fossilCanthochilumare placed in a clade with the extant species ofCanthochilum, andLobateuchusis recovered in a clade with the extant generaAteuchusandAphengium. Additionally, we evaluated the distribution of dung beetle fossils in the light of current global dung beetle phylogenetic hypotheses, geological time and biogeography. The presence of only extant genera in the late Oligocene and all later records suggests that the main present-day dung beetle lineages had already been established by the late Oligocene–mid Miocene.
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Cui, Qiao-Yu, Marie-José Gaillard, Boris Vannière, Daniele Colombaroli, Geoffrey Lemdahl, Fredrik Olsson, Blas Benito, and Yan Zhao. "Evaluating fossil charcoal representation in small peat bogs: Detailed Holocene fire records from southern Sweden." Holocene 30, no. 11 (July 14, 2020): 1540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683620941069.
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In this study, we assess how representative a single charcoal record from a peat profile in small bogs (1.5–2 ha in area) is for the reconstruction of Holocene fire history. We use high-resolution macrocharcoal (>250 μm) analysis of continuous series of 2 cm3 samples from two small bogs in southern Sweden. We compare (1) duplicate charcoal records from the same core, (2) duplicate charcoal records from profiles in the same site (10 m apart), and (3) charcoal records from two sites within the same region (15 km apart). Comparisons are made for charcoal counts and area expressed as accumulation rates. The results suggest that (a) charcoal counts and area are highly correlated in all records; (b) duplicate charcoal records within the same core are very similar, although some charcoal peaks are found in only one of the two records; (c) although long-term trends in fire regimes are similar between duplicate charcoal records from nearby profiles within the same site and between charcoal records from sites within the same region, some individual charcoal peaks/fire events are asynchronous between records. The known historical fires of the town of Växjö (1570 and 1612 CE) are recorded at the two study sites, which indicates a macrocharcoal source area of minimum 15 km in diameter. The 2 cm3 peat samples contained relatively low amounts of macrocharcoal; we therefore recommend to analyse larger samples from small peat bogs with comparable peat accumulation rates. This will improve the reliability of the macrocharcoal record and its interpretation.
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Pasini, Giovanni, Gary C. B. Poore, and Alessandro Garassino. "A new ghost shrimp (Axiidea, Callianopsidae) from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Hadjoula, Lebanon." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 297, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0922.
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Cretacalliax levantina n. gen., n. sp. (Callianopsidae Manning & Felder, 1991), a new ghost shrimp from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Hadjoula (Lebanon) is described. This species represents the oldest representative of the family notably enlarging its fossil record, and increasing the scarce knowledge about the presence and diversity of the axiidean ghost shrimps from the Konservat Lagerstätten of Lebanon. The fossil records of Callianopsidae are reviewed.
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Poinar, Jr., George, and Andris Bukej. "First records of weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Quaternary Colombian copal." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 43, no. 1 (July 30, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v43i1.6654.
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Three new weevil species, Stenommatus copalicus sp. nov. (Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae), Conotrachelus dysaethrius sp. nov. and Cydianerus eukrinus sp. nov. are described and figured from Quaternary Colombian copal. Keys to recent and fossil species of New World Stenommatus, recent and fossil species of Conotrachelus with broken carinae of the 2nd and 5th elytral intervals and a body size greater than 7.0 mm, and recent and fossil species of New World Cydianerus, are provided. These are the first records of Curculionidae from Colombian copal and the first records of the genera Stenommatus and Cydianerus in Colombia.
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Girard, Vincent, Simona Saint Martin, Eric Buffetaut, Jean-Paul Saint Martin, Didier Néraudeau, Daniel Peyrot, Guido Roghi, Eugenio Ragazzi, and Varavudh Suteethorn. "Thai amber: insights into early diatom history?" BSGF - Earth Sciences Bulletin 191 (2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bsgf/2020028.
Full textAbstract:
The origin of the diatoms still remains enigmatic. Their fossil record is scarce until the Late Cretaceous and great divergences exist between molecular data and the earliest fossil evidence. While molecular data indicate an origin during the Triassic or Early Jurassic, early fossil evidence is only from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous. The discovery of diatoms in French mid-Cretaceous amber by the end of the 2000s already suggested a potential bias in the diatom fossil record as it made older many diatom lineages, the record of which hitherto began at the end of the Cretaceous. The Jurassic/Early Cretaceous fossil record of diatoms is extremely sparse and any new occurrence is important for retracing the evolutionary, palaeogeographical and palaeoenvironmental history of diatoms. Thai amber has yielded a new diatom specimen that has been attributed to the genus Hemiaulus. Fossil assemblages and sedimentological data indicate that Thai amber and its Hemiaulus specimen are Late Jurassic in age. This discovery represents the oldest hitherto known specimen of Hemiaulus and so extends the fossil record of the bipolar diatoms and of the genus Hemiaulus by several dozens of millions of years and brings closer the fossil evidence and molecular data (that estimated an origin of the bipolar diatoms about 150 Ma ago). It reinforces the hypothesis of a pre-Cretaceous fossil diatom records and also supports an origin of the diatoms in shallow coastal environments.