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Journal articles on the topic 'Fossil species'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

DOWELD, ALEXANDER B. "Styrax carranzae, a new name for extant Styrax lanceolatus P.W. Fritsch non Engelhardt (Styracaceae)." Phytotaxa 460, no. 3 (2020): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.460.3.7.

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In revising fossil records of the genus Styrax Linnaeus (1753: 444) for the International Fossil Plant Names Index (IFPNI, 2014 onwards) with the aim of listing all fossil plant species (Doweld 2015, 2016a), it became apparent that a few fossil-species are later illegitimate homonyms of the extant species of Styrax, and their nomenclature was recently resolved by proposing new replacement names for them (Doweld 2016b). However, an additional case of the homonymy of an extant species by a preoccupied name in fossils remained unsettled.

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2

Donoghue, Philip C. J., and Ziheng Yang. "The evolution of methods for establishing evolutionary timescales." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1699 (2016): 20160020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0020.

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The fossil record is well known to be incomplete. Read literally, it provides a distorted view of the history of species divergence and extinction, because different species have different propensities to fossilize, the amount of rock fluctuates over geological timescales, as does the nature of the environments that it preserves. Even so, patterns in the fossil evidence allow us to assess the incompleteness of the fossil record. While the molecular clock can be used to extend the time estimates from fossil species to lineages not represented in the fossil record, fossils are the only source of

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NICOLI, LAURA. "The fossil record of Ceratophrys Wied-Neuwied (Anura: Ceratophryidae): a revision and update of fossil South American horned frogs." Zootaxa 4658, no. 1 (2019): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.2.

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Ceratophrys is the most diverse and widely distributed genus of Ceratophryidae, the clade of South American horned frogs. Numerous anuran fossil remains, including several fossil species, have been assigned to this genus. However, this seemingly extensive fossil record is problematic because several of the fossils are not properly identified and most of the taxonomic assignations are not justified. The present study traces all the fossil material attributed to Ceratophrys, clarifying, when possible, institutional allocations. Each of the remains was examined and its taxonomic assignation revis

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Puttick, Mark N. "Partially incorrect fossil data augment analyses of discrete trait evolution in living species." Biology Letters 12, no. 8 (2016): 20160392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2016.0392.

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Ancestral state reconstruction of discrete character traits is often vital when attempting to understand the origins and homology of traits in living species. The addition of fossils has been shown to alter our understanding of trait evolution in extant taxa, but researchers may avoid using fossils alongside extant species if only few are known, or if the designation of the trait of interest is uncertain. Here, I investigate the impacts of fossils and incorrectly coded fossils in the ancestral state reconstruction of discrete morphological characters under a likelihood model. Under simulated p

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Thuy, Ben, and Lea D. Numberger-Thuy. "The Northernmost Occurrence of the Tropical-Subtropical Brittle Star Ophiocoma (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from a Late Cretaceous Rocky Shore in Southern Sweden." Taxonomy 3, no. 3 (2023): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/taxonomy3030020.

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In spite of considerable progress during the last few years, the fossil record of the ophiuroids, or brittle stars, is still poorly known, especially with respect to taxa restricted to specific environments. Here, we describe new ophiuroid fossils collected from an Upper Cretaceous rocky shore in Ivö Klack, southern Sweden, consisting of fully disarticulated skeletal remains retrieved from the sediments deposited between boulders and hummocks. The fossils are identified as a new species of the extant ophiocomid genus Ophiocoma. In a critical revision of the ophiocomid fossil record, we show th

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Martinetto, Edoardo, Cesare Ravazzi, Guido Roghi, Giorgio Teruzzi, Raymond Van der Ham, and Roberto Zorzin. "Neotypification of the name Juglandites bergomensis, basionym of the fossil-species Juglans bergomensis (Juglans sect. Cardiocaryon, Juglandaceae)." Phytotaxa 234, no. 3 (2015): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.3.9.

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Juglans bergomensis is the name of a fossil-species belonging to Juglans sect. Cardiocaryon that is based on the basionym Juglandites bergomensis, whose type material, represented by a single fruit, is missing. However, the type locality can be indicated with certainty in the Early Pleistocene brown coal bearing sediments of Leffe, in northern Italy, which yielded several other fossil fruits with characters corresponding to the missing holotype. In the same site fruits of Juglandaceae of different fossil-species occurred. We select a specimen from a collection stored in Padua, with dimensions

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Tumpeesuwan, Sakboworn, Mongkol Udchachon, Komsorn Lauprasert, et al. "The Richest Diversity and Highest Abundance of Freshwater Bivalve Fossils from the New Fossil Locality of the Early Cretaceous Sao Khua Formation at Roi Et Province, Northeastern Thailand." Tropical Natural History 24 (October 28, 2024): 137–52. https://doi.org/10.58837/tnh.24.1.261318.

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A new fossil freshwater bivalves locality in the Sao Khua Formation was discovered at the top of a small hill named Phu Kum Khao in the Pho Chai District, Roi Et Province, northeastern Thailand. The fossils bed is a mud-nodule conglomeratic sandstone of the Sao Khua Formation and has proved to be both of high abundance and species diversity (6,637 specimens of nine species). The most abundant species is Pseudohyria (Matsumotoina) somanai Tumpeesuwan, Sato, and Nakhapadungrat, 2010, which is not only the dominant species of the Sao Khua Formation but also the index fossil representative of the

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SOHN, JAE-CHEON, CONRAD LABANDEIRA, DONALD DAVIS, and CHARLES MITTER. "An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world." Zootaxa 3286, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3286.1.1.

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In this catalog, we attempt to assemble all fossil records of Lepidoptera described formally or informally in the worldliterature. A total of 667 records dealing with at least 4,568 specimens have been compiled. They include descriptions of131 fossil genera and 229 fossil species, as well as 72 extant genera and 21 extant species to which some of these fossilssupposedly belong or show superficial similarity. Replacement names of two fossil genera are proposed to avoidhomonymy: Baltopsyche Sohn, gen. nov. for Palaeopsyche Sobczyk and Kobbert, 2009 and Netoxena Sohn, gen. nov. forXena Martins-Ne

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9

Torres, Jesús M., Concepción Borja, Luis Gibert, Francesc Ribot, and Enrique G. Olivares. "Twentieth-Century Paleoproteomics: Lessons from Venta Micena Fossils." Biology 11, no. 8 (2022): 1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081184.

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Proteomics methods can identify amino acid sequences in fossil proteins, thus making it possible to determine the ascription or proximity of a fossil to other species. Before mass spectrometry was used to study fossil proteins, earlier studies used antibodies to recognize their sequences. Lowenstein and colleagues, at the University of San Francisco, pioneered the identification of fossil proteins with immunological methods. His group, together with Olivares’s group at the University of Granada, studied the immunological reactions of proteins from the controversial Orce skull fragment (VM-0),

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Peng, Yuan, Rixin Jiang, Chao Shi, Xiaoxuan Long, Michael S. Engel, and Shuo Wang. "A New Subgenus and Species of Priochirus from Mid-Cretaceous Kachin Amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae)." Insects 13, no. 6 (2022): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13060513.

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As one of the largest families of beetles (Coleoptera), the Staphylinidae (rove beetles and their relatives) are rich not only in extant species but also in a comparatively robust fossil record. Despite this preponderance of available fossil material, fossils of the diverse subfamily Osoriinae remain rare. Here, we describe a new ososriine species, Priochirus trisclerite sp. nov., from the mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar. The new specimen is similar to the only other definitive fossil of the genus, Priochirus thayerae Yamamoto 2019, and both are placed in the extinct subgenus Eopriochirus subg

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Sun, Jiarui, Xiaokang Liu, Yunfei Huang, et al. "Automatic identification and morphological comparison of bivalve and brachiopod fossils based on deep learning." PeerJ 11 (October 11, 2023): e16200. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16200.

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Fossil identification is an essential and fundamental task for conducting palaeontological research. Because the manual identification of fossils requires extensive experience and is time-consuming, automatic identification methods are proposed. However, these studies are limited to a few or dozens of species, which is hardly adequate for the needs of research. This study enabled the automatic identification of hundreds of species based on a newly established fossil dataset. An available “bivalve and brachiopod fossil image dataset” (BBFID, containing >16,000 “image-label” data pairs, taxon

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Yudha, Donan Satria, Muhammad Ageng Prabowo, Rusyad Adi Suriyanto, and Didit Hadi Barianto. "The Diversity of Ray-finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) in Plio-Pleistocene Java." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.43694.

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Java has been known in the world of Paleontology as a contributor to the findings of Homo erectus fossils, but there are still other fossil findings that have not been identified until now, especially fossil fishes of the subclass Actinopterygii. This research was conducted to recognize the diversity of the actinopterygians fishes in Plio-Pleistocene of Java and to determine the diagnostic characters of each taxon group of fossils in the Plio-Pleistocene of Java. The study was carried out using comparative anatomical methods with present-day specimens and fossil findings collection of the Labo

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Schram, Frederick R., Cees H. J. Hof, Royal H. Mapes, and Polly Snowdon. "Paleozoic cumaceans (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Peracarida) from North America." Contributions to Zoology 72, no. 1 (2003): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-07201001.

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Three new species of malacostracans are described from North America in the Upper Mississippian Into Formation of Arkansas, and the Pennsylvanian Eudora Shale of southeastern Kansas. These appear to be the oldest fossils attributed to the Cumacea and are only the third collection of fossil cumaceans anywhere to be described. Previously depicted forms occur in the Permian and Jurassic of Europe. We herein double the number of described fossil cumacean species and suggest some necessary adjustments to the higher taxonomy of the group to accommodate apomorphic features of the fossil and Recent fo

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Gut, Carolin, Jasna Vukić, Radek Šanda, Timo Moritz, and Bettina Reichenbacher. "Identification of past and present gobies: distinguishing Gobius and Pomatoschistus (Teleostei: Gobioidei) species using characters of otoliths, meristics and body morphometry." Contributions to Zoology 89, no. 3 (2020): 282–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-bja10002.

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Gobies (Gobiidae + Oxudercidae) are among the largest groups of extant marine fishes. Fossils of gobies are abundant since the Miocene, and many species have been reported so far. However, delimitation of fossil goby species is challenging because molecular markers and diagnostic traits such as the disposition of sensory head papillae are lost. This study provides, for the first time, an actualistic framework for the identification of fossil goby species. We focus on characters that can in principle be recognized in fossils, and evaluate their ability to discriminate between extant goby specie

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15

Conran, John G., Raymond J. Carpenter, and Gregory J. Jordan. "Early Eocene Ripogonum (Liliales: Ripogonaceae) leaf macrofossils from southern Australia." Australian Systematic Botany 22, no. 3 (2009): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb08050.

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We present evidence that fossil leaves from an early Eocene estuarine mudstone deposit at Lowana Road in western Tasmania include the oldest records of the extant monocot genus, Ripogonum (Ripogonaceae). These fossils are similar to the extant eastern Australian and Papua New Guinean R. album R.Br. and New Zealand R. scandens J.R. et G.Forst., and are described as a new species, R. tasmanicum Conran, R.J.Carp. & G.J.Jord. The venation, cuticular and other leaf features of this fossil are included in a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis for the genus, and character evolution is discusse

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Rule, James Patrick, Gustavo Burin, and Travis Park. "A quantitative test of the “Ecomorphotype Hypothesis” for fossil true seals (Family Phocidae)." PeerJ 12 (June 19, 2024): e17592. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17592.

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The fossil record of true seals (Family Phocidae) is mostly made up of isolated bones, some of which are type specimens. Previous studies have sought to increase referral of non-overlapping and unrelated fossils to these taxa using the ‘Ecomorphotype Hypothesis’, which stipulates that certain differences in morphology between taxa represent adaptations to differing ecology. On this basis, bulk fossil material could be lumped to a specific ecomorphotype, and then referred to species in that ecomorphotype, even if they are different bones. This qualitative and subjective method has been used oft

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Hill, RS, and SS Whang. "A new species of Fitzroya (Cupressaceae) from oligocene sediments in north-western Tasmania." Australian Systematic Botany 9, no. 6 (1996): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb9960867.

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Vegetative twigs from Oligocene sediments in north-western Tasmania are assigned to a new fossil species of Fitzroya, F. tasmanensis. These twigs differ from extant F. cupressoides in leaf shape and stomatal orientation and morphology. This is the first fossil record of Fitzroya from outside the current range of the genus (South America). Previous fossil records of Fitzroya from South America are almost certainly erroneous. These fossils occur in sediments with leaves and cupules of Nothofagus subgenus Nothofagus, which is also restricted to South America today. This suggests that some current

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Jordan, Gregory J. "A new early pleistocene species of Nothofagus and the climatic implications of co-occurring Nothofagus fossils." Australian Systematic Botany 12, no. 6 (1999): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb98025.

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A new species of Nothofagus, N. pachyphylla, is proposed based on fossils from Early Pleistocene sediments at Regatta Point, western Tasmania. This extinct species occurred for some time with its sister species, N. cunninghamii, which is still extant in Tasmania. The fossil leaves of N. cunninghamii in the Regatta Point sediments are all very small and are only consistent with leaves from cold climate extant populations of this species. The fossil leaves of other taxa in these sediments are also mostly at the small (and cool climate) end of the range of the leaves of their extant relatives. Th

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Ausich, William I., and David L. Meyer. "Hybrid crinoids in the fossil record (Early Mississippian, Phylum Echinodermata)." Paleobiology 20, no. 3 (1994): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012823.

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Potential hybrid fossil crinoids, Eretmocrinus magnificus x Eretmocrinus praegravis, are identified from the Lower Mississippian Fort Payne Formation of south-central Kentucky. These are the first fossil hybrid crinoids identified, and one of very few examples of hybrids recognized in the fossil record. Eretmocrinus magnificus x E. praegravis specimens have shapes and calyx plate sculpturing that are morphologically intermediate between well-defined, distinct parent species. Suspected hybrids occur at localities where parent species co-occur and where the parent species are the most abundant;

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Guillerme, Thomas, and Natalie Cooper. "Assessment of available anatomical characters for linking living mammals to fossil taxa in phylogenetic analyses." Biology Letters 12, no. 5 (2016): 20151003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.1003.

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Analyses of living and fossil taxa are crucial for understanding biodiversity through time. The total evidence method allows living and fossil taxa to be combined in phylogenies, using molecular data for living taxa and morphological data for living and fossil taxa. With this method, substantial overlap of coded anatomical characters among living and fossil taxa is vital for accurately inferring topology. However, although molecular data for living species are widely available, scientists generating morphological data mainly focus on fossils. Therefore, there are fewer coded anatomical charact

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Kahraman, Nurfeddin. "General properties of elmacik fossil beds and Its importance in view of anatolian paleogeography." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2016): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i2.449.

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Tefenni Basin, is located in the southwestern part of Burdur Basin. ElmacÄ±k village where paleontological excavations was made, is established at the place where ElmacÄ±k stream opens to Tefenni basin. Â Â Â Â ElmacÄ±k fossil beds, were discovered during the geomorphological studies we did in 1997. Lake containing fossil, marsh layers consisting of fillers, are located on the Formation of Burdur. These layers showing different color and texture features, are tilted 10-15 degrees to the east-southeast direction by tectonic movements affecting region. Due to subsidence and rising as a cause of

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von Salis, K. "Some fossil “living coccolithophorid” species." Journal of Nannoplankton Research 16, no. 3 (1994): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.58998/jnr2261.

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Damiano, Giuseppina, Alessandro Garassino, Stefano Scali, and Giorgio Teruzzi. "Morphometric analysis of extant Nephrops norvegicus (Linné, 1758) and Solenocera membranacea (Risso, 1826) applied to systematic palaeontology of fossil decapod crustaceans." Contributions to Zoology 72, no. 2-3 (2003): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-0720203005.

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The study of fossil decapods have shown the need for reliable statistics to document the value of the characters considered. Morphometric data, however, are usually absent in scientific papers on living decapod crustaceans since neontological systematists normally analyze internal organs and tissues not available in fossils. A series of morphometric data for two extant species have been processed statistically in order to obtain numerical models that could be applied to fossil species showing morphological affinities.

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Singh, Hukam, Pawan Kumar Singh, Mahesh Prasad, and Sanjai Kumar Singh. "Fossil Leaves Belonging to Family Annonaceae from Sub-Himalayan Zone (Siwalik) of Himachal Pradesh, India and their Climatic and Phytogeographical Implication." Journal of Palaeosciences 73, no. 2 (2024): 165–80. https://doi.org/10.54991/jop.2024.1893.

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Investigation on the fossil leaves collected from Middle Siwalik sediments of Sarkaghat area, in the Sub-Himalayan zone of Himachal Pradesh revealed the presence of four new fossil species belonging to the family Annonaceae. The fossil leaves have been identified with the extant species, Annona reticulate Linn. Polyalthia longifolia (Son.) Thw. P. siamiarum (Buchanan-Hamilton ex Hooker and Thomson and cananga odorata Hook. f. and Th. The analysis of the current distribution of fossils' nearest living relatives (NRLs) shows that these species are currently found in the evergreen forests of nort

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Jasinski, Steven E. "A new slider turtle (Testudines: Emydidae: Deirochelyinae:Trachemys) from the late Hemphillian (late Miocene/early Pliocene) of eastern Tennessee and the evolution of the deirochelyines." PeerJ 6 (February 13, 2018): e4338. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4338.

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Trachemys(Testudines: Emydidae) represents one of the most well-known turtle genera today. The evolution ofTrachemys, while being heavily documented with fossil representatives, is not well understood. Numerous fossils from the late Hemphillian Gray Fossil Site (GFS) in northeastern Tennessee help to elucidate its evolution. The fossilTrachemysat the GFS represent a new species. The new taxon,Trachemys haugrudi, is described, and currently represents the most thoroughly described fossil emydid species known. A phylogenetic analysis, including 31 species, focusing on the subfamily Deirochelyina

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Xu, Shenglan, Hanzhang Song, Helanlin Xiang, Weiqiu Liu, Cheng Quan, and Jianhua Jin. "Fossil Fruits of Ceratophyllum from the Late Eocene and Miocene of South China." Biology 11, no. 11 (2022): 1614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11111614.

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Ceratophyllum L. is a cosmopolitan genus of perennial aquatic herbs that occur in quiet freshwaters. Fossils of this genus have been widely reported from the Northern Hemisphere, most of them occurring in the temperate zone. Here, we describe two species of fossil fruits discovered from subtropical areas of China. The fossil fruit discovered in the late Eocene Huangniuling Formation of the Maoming Basin is designated as C. cf. muricatum Chamisso, and fruits discovered from the Miocene Erzitang Formation of the Guiping Basin are assigned to the extant species C. demersum L. The discovery of the

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Warnock, Rachel C. M., Tracy A. Heath, and Tanja Stadler. "Assessing the impact of incomplete species sampling on estimates of speciation and extinction rates." Paleobiology 46, no. 2 (2020): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2020.12.

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AbstractEstimating speciation and extinction rates is essential for understanding past and present biodiversity, but is challenging given the incompleteness of the rock and fossil records. Interest in this topic has led to a divergent suite of independent methods—paleontological estimates based on sampled stratigraphic ranges and phylogenetic estimates based on the observed branching times in a given phylogeny of living species. The fossilized birth–death (FBD) process is a model that explicitly recognizes that the branching events in a phylogenetic tree and sampled fossils were generated by t

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Gabrielyan, Ivan, Merine Sargsyan, and Arpine Achoyan. "Fossil remains of the genus Crataegus (Rosaceae, Amygdaloideae) from south-eastern Armenia." Acta Palaeobotanica 64, no. 2 (2024): 351–59. https://doi.org/10.35535/acpa-2024-0012.

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As a result of the research, we determined the sectional affiliation of fossil remains of the genus Crataegus from the Early Pleistocene of the south-eastern part of Armenia, in the middle reaches of the Vorotan River. Plant fossils and imprints help to establish the distribution of species over the Earth’s surface during different geological periods. Of particular interest are the findings of species of the genus Crataegus, which is considered to be systematically very complex due to its inherent hybridization, apomixis, and polyploidy. In the modern flora of Armenia, the genus Crataegus is r

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Deza, Anthony, Edwin Cadena, and Jean-Noël Martinez. "Pleistocene Fossil Turtles (Testudinoidea, Cryptodira) from the Talara Tar Seeps, Peru." Revista Peruana de Biología 26, no. 2 (2019): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v26i2.15118.

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A description of Pleistocene fossil turtles discovered in the Talara Tar Seeps, Tablazos deposits of the northern coast of Peru is provided in this paper. The specimens are mostly fragmentary plates of carapaces and plastra of turtles belonging to two cryptodiran families of the superfamily Testudinoidea, identified to genus level based on measurements and comparisons with extant and fossil taxa and identification of mosaic diagnostic features. Turtles of the Geoemydidae family are the most abundant, with fossil remains attributed to Rhinoclemmys (indeterminate species). Less abundant fossil r

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Barido-Sottani, Joëlle, Gabriel Aguirre-Fernández, Melanie J. Hopkins, Tanja Stadler, and Rachel Warnock. "Ignoring stratigraphic age uncertainty leads to erroneous estimates of species divergence times under the fossilized birth–death process." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1902 (2019): 20190685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0685.

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Fossil information is essential for estimating species divergence times, and can be integrated into Bayesian phylogenetic inference using the fossilized birth–death (FBD) process. An important aspect of palaeontological data is the uncertainty surrounding specimen ages, which can be handled in different ways during inference. The most common approach is to fix fossil ages to a point estimate within the known age interval. Alternatively, age uncertainty can be incorporated by using priors, and fossil ages are then directly sampled as part of the inference. This study presents a comparison of al

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dos Reis, Mario, Philip C. J. Donoghue, and Ziheng Yang. "Neither phylogenomic nor palaeontological data support a Palaeogene origin of placental mammals." Biology Letters 10, no. 1 (2014): 20131003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.1003.

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O'Leary et al . (O'Leary et al. 2013 Science 339 , 662–667. ( doi:10.1126/science.1229237 )) performed a fossil-only dating analysis of mammals, concluding that the ancestor of placentals post-dated the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary, contradicting previous palaeontological and molecular studies that placed the ancestor in the Cretaceous. They incorrectly used fossil ages as species divergence times for crown groups, while in fact the former should merely form minimum-age bounds for the latter. Statistical analyses of the fossil record have shown that crown groups are significantly older than

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Scott, Eric, and Kathleen B. Springer. "First records ofCanis dirusandSmilodon fatalisfrom the late Pleistocene Tule Springs local fauna, upper Las Vegas Wash, Nevada." PeerJ 4 (June 21, 2016): e2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2151.

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Late Pleistocene groundwater discharge deposits (paleowetlands) in the upper Las Vegas Wash north of Las Vegas, Nevada, have yielded an abundant and diverse vertebrate fossil assemblage, the Tule Springs local fauna (TSLF). The TSLF is the largest open-site vertebrate fossil assemblage dating to the Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age in the southern Great Basin and Mojave Desert. Over 600 discrete body fossil localities have been recorded from the wash, including an area that now encompasses Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument (TUSK). Paleowetland sediments exposed in TUSK nam

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PERIS, DAVID, JOSEF JELÍNEK, SIMONE SABATELLI, et al. "Cretabaltoraea volsella gen. et sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) from Cretaceous Kachin amber and its relationship with Eocene Baltoraea (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)." Mesozoic 1, no. 3 (2024): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/mesozoic.1.3.10.

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Here we describe Cretabaltoraea volsella Peris, Jelínek & Audisio gen. et sp. nov. of the family Nitidulidae (Coleoptera). As implied by its generic name, the new species is described after a fossil specimen preserved in the Upper Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar. This new species is rather similar to the two fossil nitidulid species of Baltoraea Kurochkin & Kirejtshuk, 2010, previously described from the Eocene Baltic amber. The comparison between this group of fossils and the study of Baltoraea simillima Kurochkin & Kirejtshuk, 2010 using CT-scanning suggest that Cre

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Poinar Jr, George O. "New fossil nematodes in Dominican and Baltic amber." Nematology 14, no. 4 (2012): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854111x612199.

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Four new species of fossil mermithids (Nematoda: Mermithidae) are described from amber: Heydenius arachnius n. sp. from a spider (Arachnida: Araneae) in Dominican amber, H. phasmatophilus n. sp., from a walking stick (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) in Baltic amber, H. podenasae n. sp. from a moth (Lepidoptera) in Baltic amber and H. trichorosus n. sp. from a caddis fly (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Baltic amber. With previous descriptions of fossil mermithids from Diptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Hemiptera, there are now representatives of seven insect orders as hosts of fossil mermithids. Wit

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Archibald, S. Bruce, and Robert A. Cannings. "Fossil dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands, western North America." Canadian Entomologist 151, no. 6 (2019): 783–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2019.61.

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AbstractWe describe the first dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) from the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands of far-western North America from nine fossils. Six are assigned to five species in four new, named genera of Aeshnidae: Antiquiala snyderaenew genus and species, Idemlinea versatilisnew genus and species, Ypshna brownleeinew genus and species, Ypshna latipennatanew genus and species, and Eoshna thompsonensisnew genus and species; we treat one as Aeshnidae genus A, species A; one is assigned to Gomphidae: Auroradraco eosnew genus and species; and we treat a ninth, fragmentary fossil of unkn

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Barden, Phillip, Brendon Boudinot, and Andrea Lucky. "Where Fossils Dare and Males Matter: combined morphological and molecular analysis untangles the evolutionary history of the spider ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera : Dolichoderinae)." Invertebrate Systematics 31, no. 6 (2017): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is16067.

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The distinctive ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr, 1862 had been thought to be endemic to Australasia for over 150 years, but enigmatic Neotropical fossils have challenged this view for decades. The present study responds to a recent and surprising discovery of extant Leptomyrmex species in Brazil with a thorough evaluation of the Dominican Republic fossil material, which dates to the Miocene. In the first case study of direct fossil inclusion within Formicidae Latreille, 1809, we incorporated both living and the extinct Leptomyrmex species. Through simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphologica

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Near, Thomas J., and Michael J. Sanderson. "Assessing the quality of molecular divergence time estimates by fossil calibrations and fossil–based model selection." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1450 (2004): 1477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1523.

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Estimates of species divergence times using DNA sequence data are playing an increasingly important role in studies of evolution, ecology and biogeography. Most work has centred on obtaining appropriate kinds of data and developing optimal estimation procedures, whereas somewhat less attention has focused on the calibration of divergences using fossils. Case studies with multiple fossil calibration points provide important opportunities to examine the divergence time estimation problem in new ways. We discuss two cross–validation procedures that address different aspects of inference in diverg

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Martin, Anthony J., Dorothy Stearns, Meredith J. Whitten, Melissa M. Hage, Michael Page, and Arya Basu. "First known trace fossil of a nesting iguana (Pleistocene), The Bahamas." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0242935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242935.

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Most species of modern iguanas (Iguania, Iguanidae) dig burrows for dwelling and nesting, yet neither type of burrow has been interpreted as trace fossils in the geologic record. Here we describe and diagnose the first known fossil example of an iguana nesting burrow, preserved in the Grotto Beach Formation (Early Late Pleistocene, ~115 kya) on San Salvador Island, The Bahamas. The trace fossil, located directly below a protosol, is exposed in a vertical section of a cross-bedded oolitic eolianite. Abundant root traces, a probable land-crab burrow, and lack of ghost-crab burrows further indica

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Krell, Frank-Thorsten. "The fossil record of Mesozoic and Tertiary Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera : Polyphaga)." Invertebrate Systematics 14, no. 6 (2000): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it00031.

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Lack of characters, similarity of stem species of adelphotaxa and the necessity to know the extant world fauna of the studied group of fossils are the main difficulties in palaeontology of beetles. The paucity of characters of most of the fossils of supposed Scarabaeoidea prevents their inclusion in a reliable phylogenetic analysis. Only rarely can an autapomorphy of Scarabaeoidea be seen in a fossil classified as a member of this group. Therefore, the classification of Mesozoic and Tertiary fossils is often tentative. Based on a critical literature review of all recorded fossil Scarabaeoidea

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Miller, Kelly B., and Sara H. Lubkin. "Calicovatellus petrodytes, a new genus and species of primitive vatelline diving beetle (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Vatellini) from the Miocene Barstow Formation, southern California, USA." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 4 (2001): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000016991.

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Relatively few fossil dytiscids have been described. This is unfortunate since fossils can provide useful phylogenetic and evolutionary information including unique character combinations not present in extant taxa and minimum ages for divergences. However, even when fossils are found, important characters are often not visible since they may be poorly preserved or obscured. The fossil insects present in calcareous nodules from the Miocene Barstow Formation of the Calico Mountains in Southern California are exceptionally well preserved (Palmer, 1957). The original organisms are replaced by sil

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Tsai, Cheng-Hsiu, and Gerald Mayr. "A phasianid bird from the Pleistocene of Tainan: the very first avian fossil from Taiwan." Journal of Ornithology 162, no. 3 (2021): 919–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-021-01886-w.

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AbstractTaiwan accommodates more than 600 avian species, including about 30 endemic ones. As yet, however, no fossil birds have been scientifically documented from Taiwan, so that the evolutionary origins of this diversified avifauna remain elusive. Here we report on the very first fossil bird from Taiwan. This Pleistocene specimen, a distal end of the left tarsometatarsus, shows diagnostic features of the galliform Phasianidae, including an asymmetric plantar articular facet trochlea metatarsi III. Our discovery of a Pleistocene phasianid from Taiwan opens a new perspective on studies of the

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Ramirez, Jamie, Agnieszka Bugaj-Nawrocka, Artur Taszakowski, and Christiane Weirauch. "New species and reclassification of the fossil assassin bug Koenigsbergia (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Phimophorinae)." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 82 (May 13, 2024): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.82.e114213.

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The assassin bug genus Koenigsbergia Popov, 2003 is currently monotypic and represented by a female holotype from Baltic Amber (~33.9–55.8 MYA). The genus was originally described within Phymatinae (Phymatine Complex or phymatine clade). However, our literature review reveals that the amber fossil likely belongs to the subfamily Phimophorinae, which is distantly related to the phymatine clade. The recent acquisition of one male and one nymph of Koenigsbergia provides the opportunity to reevaluate the systematic placement of this genus. We here examine the new fossils, concluding that the adult

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Moser, Marina, Roger A. Burks, Jonah M. Ulmer, John M. Heraty, Thomas van de Kamp, and Lars Krogmann. "Taxonomic description and phylogenetic placement of two new species of Spalangiopelta (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae: Ceinae) from Eocene Baltic amber." PeerJ 9 (May 25, 2021): e10939. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10939.

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Spalangiopelta is a small genus of chalcid wasps that has received little attention despite the widespread distribution of its extant species. The fossil record of the genus is restricted to a single species from Miocene Dominican amber. We describe two new fossil species, Spalangiopelta darlingi sp. n. and Spalangiopelta semialba sp. n. from Baltic amber. The species can be placed within the extant genus Spalangiopelta based on the distinctly raised hind margin of the mesopleuron. 3D models reconstructed from µCT data were utilized to assist in the descriptions. Furthermore, we provide a key

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Kolesnikov, Vasiliy B., Dmitry D. Vorontsov, Evgeny E. Perkovsky, and Pavel B. Klimov. "An exceptionally well-preserved Eocene fossil mite, Histiogaster altilis sp. n. (Acari: Astigmata), from tree sap: Evidence of morphological and ecological niche conservatism, with a review of fossil Astigmata." Acarologia 65, no. 1 (2025): 213–41. https://doi.org/10.24349/c35e-8bmj.

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We describe Histiogaster altilis sp. nov. (Acari: Astigmata: Acaridae), a newly identified species of mite from Eocene Rovno amber (34–37 Ma), based on both male and female specimens. The exceptional preservation of the fossils, coupled with advanced amber preparation and imaging techniques—including high-resolution microscopy, differential interference contrast (DIC) with transmitted light, and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) equipped with a super-resolution detector—enabled detailed examination of nearly all diagnostic features. These data allowed us to perform a comprehensive comp

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GUINOT, GUILLAUME, SYLVAIN ADNET, KENSHU SHIMADA, et al. "On the need of providing tooth morphology in descriptions of extant elasmobranch species." Zootaxa 4461, no. 1 (2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4461.1.8.

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Elasmobranchii is a clade of chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes) that comprises sharks, skates and rays represented today by approximately 1,200 species. Chondrichthyans have a long evolutionary history dating back to the Late Ordovician (ca. 450 million years ago [Mya]) based on isolated dermal denticles (Janvier 1996). Other remains such as articulated skeletons and teeth are known from the Lower Devonian (ca. 410 Mya: Mader 1986; Miller et al. 2003). The fossil record of modern elasmobranchs (Neoselachii) can be traced back to the Early Permian (ca. 290 Mya) and is represented by isolate

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Han, Zhuochen, Hui Jia, Xiangning Meng, et al. "A New Clue for the Late Eocene Freshwater Ecosystem of Central China Evidenced by New Fossils of Trapa L. and Hemitrapa Miki (Lythraceae)." Biology 11, no. 10 (2022): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11101442.

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Both Trapa L. and the extinct Hemitrapa Miki are aquatic plants in the family Lythraceae, with abundant fossil records in Eurasia and North America in the Cenozoic. However, documented materials are mainly based on fruit and pollen grains without reliable leaf fossils. Here, we report fossil leaves, fruit, and roots of Trapa and fruit of Hemitrapa from the late Eocene of Weinan, the Weihe Basin of central China. The fossil leaves are identified as a new species, Trapa natanifolia Z. C. Han et H. Jia sp. nov., which represents the earliest known record of a Trapa leaf fossil. It is remarkably s

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Singh, Sanjai Kumar, and Mahesh Prasad. "Record of fossil leaves of Ziziphus and Lagerstroemia from Mahuadanr Valley, Jharkhand, India and their ecological implications." Journal of Palaeosciences 59, no. (1-3) (2010): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2010.188.

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A study based on the fossil leaf assemblage collected from the Late Tertiary sediments of Mahuadanr Valley revealed the occurrence of two new extant species Ziziphus funiculosa (Rhamnaceae) and Lagerstroemia macrocarpa (Lythraceae) of the Dicotyledon in the area during Late Tertiary Period. Present day distribution of these modem comparable species of the fossils indicates that both the taxa presently distributed in the moist deciduous forests ofthe northeast India, central and south India, which suggests that such type offorest was flourishing in and around the fossil locality during the sedi

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KATO, MOE. "Crinoids lived around the Cretaceous seeps: the second example from cold-seep deposit in the Yezo Group in Hokkaido, Japan." Zoosymposia 15, no. 1 (2019): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.15.1.10.

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Cold seep deposits are characterized by authigenic carbonates with very low δ13C signatures and specific fossils of chemosynthetic community members. These members are mainly composed of mollusks, whereas only a few occurrences of fossil echinoderms from cold seep deposits have been reported. The information of paleoecology of fossil echinoderms in or near cold seep environments is also sporadic. Allochthonous columnal fossils of an Isocrinina crinoid species were found in a boulder of Cretaceous cold seep carbonate from the Yezo Group in northern Hokkaido. The stable carbon isotope of the fos

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Fikáček, Martin, Sonja Wedmann, and Heiko Schmied. "Diversification of the greater hydrophilines clade of giant water scavenger beetles dated back to the Middle Eocene (Coleoptera:Hydrophilidae:Hydrophilina)." Invertebrate Systematics 24, no. 1 (2010): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is09042.

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Fossil representatives of the hydrophilid genera Hydrochara Berthold, 1827, Hydrobiomorpha Blackburn, 1888 and Hydrophilus Geoffroy, 1762 were recorded at the lower Middle Eocene locality Grube Messel in Germany. Four morphospecies were recognised, including Hydrobiomorpha eopalpalis, sp. nov. showing sexually dimorphic maxillary palpomere 2 unknown in any recent or fossil species of the genus. These fossils are the oldest known records of the mentioned genera and indicate a minimum age of 47 million years for the divergence of the Hydrobiomorpha and Hydrophilus clades. Based on these data, we

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Arroyo-Cabrales, Joaquín, and Oscar J. Polaco. "FOSSIL BATS FROM MESOAMERICA." Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 66, no. 1 (2008): 155–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13415140.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Recent bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) represent one of the most diverse mammalian orders, with more than 1,000 species, but the fossil record is poorly known. To date, records are for 41 species from 17 Mesoamerican localities in México (15) and Central America (2). This number corresponds to 24.8% of the 165 currently-known living bats for the region, pertaining to six out of eight known families. Most of the records are from Rancholabrean age deposits, with only one extinct species known for Pliocene sediments and two Pleistocene extinct vampir

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