Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Foucault, Michel, 1926-1984 – Et la norme (Philosophie)'
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Baron, Marine. "Norme et volonté chez Michel Foucault." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H213.
Full textIn Discipline and Punish, Michel Foucault highlights the fact that the sentences handed down against convicts, that were formerly exercising directly on their bodies, are now exercised on their souls, and more precisely on their will. To change the individual by the norm by exerting an influence on his own will, which is nevertheless commonly associated with an irreducible character, is the paradoxical challenge of the normative power, at least of the relations or relations of power defined by Foucault. Through a sociological and psychological approach, the individual is apprehended by the judicial authority as if it were largely the result of determinism. It is by changing his environment that one could change his behavior, that one would make his out -of-the-ordinary will a normed will. However, these attempts presented as remedies have a mixed effectiveness. Prison, for example, which maintains mechanisms of exclusion and forgetfulness of individuals can only fail to normalize individual wishes because it cultivates within it the "deviant wills", as if to perpetuate illegalisms necessary to preserve power relations within society. But how can the norm affect individual will? It seems that the thought of Michel Foucault highlighting the failures of the action of the normative power on the individual will has found in this certain current legal answers, for example in the recent establishment of procedures of the plea-guilty, by the setting, eventually forgotten, of an age of sexual consent or by multiplying alternatives to prison
Fontaine, Mathieu. "Michel Foucault, une pensée de la résistance." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCH028/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on Michel Foucault’s thought of resistance. There is a dual idea: on the one hand, to offer a critical and systematic study of the Foucaldian use of resistance, in order to shed light on the important analyses, theses and concepts of his work; on the other hand, to understand how Foucault renews the thought of resistance in his contemporary context, and in an explicit or implicit discussion with Marxism, Sartre, Deleuze or the Frankfurt School. The challenge is to show that it is in virtue of some thought on resistance, and on some visible but decisive aporias, such as a normless or subject-deprived resistance, that Foucault redirects his methodological eye towards an analysis of power, government and subjectivity. At least three specific resistances can thereby be distinguished: a literary resistance against the anthropological illusion, a collective resistance against political norms - sovereign, disciplinary, bio-political powers -, and finally an ethical and subjective resistance to what, in itself, accepts, desires and reestablishes ways to govern oneself. Besides, Foucault’s relationship to Nietzsche is subject to a specific attention: it is about showing how Foucault frees his genealogical work, whose inspiration is of resistance, from a Nietzschean philosophy focused on the will to power, that is to say the overtaking of resistances. In that, it is possible to show that the Foucaldian resistance, which is played at the crossroad of thought, freedom, and truth, constitutes a privileged way to philosophically answer to the critics of historicism, relativism, or nihilism addressed to Foucault
Varin, Héloïse. "L'anormalité foucaldienne et le dépistage prénatal : l'exemple de la trisomie 21 au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26643.
Full textTeillet, Arnaud. "Une fabrique du sujet contemporain : normes éducatives et dispositifs néolibéraux." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100155.
Full textThe neoliberal project, as developed theoretically in the inter-war years, and as applied politically from the late 1970s, identified as one of the conditions for its success and perpetuation the production of an original subject, capable of constantly adapting to new competitive economic and social configurations. In this context, education, insofar as it allows early action on subjectivations, is a major issue. New educational standards, espousing the economic logic of neoliberal rationality, have imposed, since the 1980s, reforms to school systems as well as reconfigurations to parental experiences. The common objective of all education becomes to transform the young individual, assimilated to an (economic) potential to be developed, into a productive, flexible, efficient and creative subject. Taken over by the self-help practices of a "culture of positivity" in constant expansion since the 1980s, and by the technological knowledge of neuroscience, contemporary childhoods have been disrupted. This work aims to report on the emergence of these new educational standards, and the childhoods they help to qualify and produce
Adorno, Francesco. "Vérité et sujet chez Michel Foucault." Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA080974.
Full textThe works of foucault bring about an ensemble of problems in which we tried to treat in this work. From one period to another, we encounter a diversity of tone, style and subject among the works the destination and purpose seem uncertain. In particular, two moments reflect this discontinuity: between l'archeologie du savoir et surveiller et punir, foucault changes or seems to change methods; between la volonte de savoir et l'usage des plaisirs et le souci de soi, the project even of a story of sexuality seems to orient itself in a different way. In our opinion, the changes which accent foucault's path represent different moments of the same questioning that can be explained in different ways, but does not constitute less of a coherent path. In our opinion, foucault's fundamental problem was always disecting the processes of subject formation, and making clearer the knowledge which discreetly participates in his constitution. This hypothesis is based on the research of "literary" works: a collection of articles by literary critics; on the other hand we studied the inedited between 1976 and 1984. The first part of this research allowed us to confirm that already at the beginning of the 60's, foucault thought about a series of concepts that will be the basis of his archeo-genealogical method. The second part of this work allowed us to establish the existance of a certain graduality between 1976 and 1984 : in l'usage des plaisirs, foucault does not mention the genealogy of. .
Goumaz, Christophe. "Visages et marges de la philosophie de Michel Foucault." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO31012.
Full textIn his work, michel foucault suggests that phenomena should be approched through what constitutes their limit (law through crime and prison, normaly through madness. . . ). We, in our turn, have applied this method to foucault's work, which we have revisited, starting our study from its collateral works. We offer a singular reading of his work, relying mamily on his dits et ecrits. We have enhanced the value of the notion of ascesis, and asked more globally the question of the subject and subjectivation in a work witch intends to do without reference to its author. "who is subject?" "what is the event?" foucault's ascesis is a specific form of ascesis, devoted to the double task of downgrading and the making of the self. According to us, it opens out, by the practices it involves, on to a space of its own, which has to be characterized (fiction, distance, awe. . . ). Through this approach, we get back to the question of archives and their relation to history, with its political implications
Shinkai, Yasuyuki. "L'invisible visible : études sur Michel Foucault." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0037.
Full textCoelho, de Souza Sandra. "L'éthique de Michel Foucault." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100118.
Full textMy thesis shout Michel Foucault is mostly concerned by Foucault’s thought between "madness and civilization" (1960) and "history of sexuality" (1984). If one considers the thesis bibliography, it's possible to understand that Foucault’s work considered by me as more important of his thought is not always proposed by Foucault’s books; many articles and interviews elucidate the aims and trajectory of Foucault. This is the reason why they play an important role in the thesis. During one of his stays in Berkeley (October 1980), Foucault explain the themes of his ethics: "I am a moralist, insofar as a believe that one of the tasks, one of the meanings of human existence - the source of human freedom - is never to accept anything as definitiven untouchable, obvious or immobile" (history of the present, spring 1980). In this interview conducted by m. Bess, Foucault exposes the three elements of his moral thought. They are: "(1) the refusal to accept as self-evident the things that are proposed to us" - it concerns the first chapter of my thesis(l'experience fondamentale); "(2)the need to analyses and to know, since we can accomplishe nothing without reflexion and understanding thus the principle of curiosity" - it concerns la problematisation
Haddouche, Zahir. "La question du temps et du présent chez Michel Foucault." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083459.
Full textThe foucaldian company attempts to draw a critico-historic diagnosis of our culture to write the history of the present. Through this attachment in the question of the present, It is question in this thesis to show " beyond the breaks, beyond the methodological changes " that between the archaeologist ( 1961 ), the genealogist ( 1975 ) and the "last one Foucault ( 1984 )", there is strong links and not breaks of the methodological failures or even bends. Our analysis attempts to reveal the footbridges which bind (connect) these " three periods ": the first works on the knowledge and that where Foucault wonders about the problem of the knowledge and the power in that, later, where Foucault concentrates mainly on the study of the texts of the Greco-Roman philosophy
Malette, Sébastien. "La «gouvernementalité» chez Michel Foucault." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23836/23836.pdf.
Full textZengin, Ayse Nilüfer. "Corps et vérité chez Michel Foucault." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010536.
Full textSardinha, Diogo. "Ordre et temps dans la philosophie de Michel Foucault." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100106.
Full textThe writings of Foucault are astonishing for the all but inexplicable way in which they invite us to suspend our beliefs regarding the history of either a problem or an institution – indeed, even the history of our own society. But how is this extraordinary feat accomplished ? Foucault develops his archaeology and genealogy along three main axes of the human experience: knowledge, power, and ethics. But do these all follow the same temporal restraints ? He claims that they are dominated by two distinct temporalities. One is superficial and continuous; the other is basic but discontinuous. Towards the end of his life, Foucault sketched a new research program, which he called "a historical and critical ontology of ourselves". This program requires a perspective that is at once epistemological, political, and ethical. For Foucault, it is no longer acceptable to use a single or dual axis, such as the power-knowledge axis, in order to pursue his research. Three are necessary. Foucault tells us that the interaction between knowledge, power, and ethics should be understood from a systematic point of view. But what exactly does this mean ? For we know that his work has always been in opposition to any idea of a system of thought ? Foucault was able to formulate the necessity of a "systematic" thought because his work already had an essential coherence to it. This coherence is inextricably linked to the three realms of experience: they all are divided in two strata ; the first one is immediately accessible, and the second one is mediated, and radical. In this scheme, the dimension of time necessarily overlaps with the dimension of order
Han, Béatrice. "Michel Foucault entre l'historique et le transcendantal." Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120004.
Full textInvestigating the problem of the historical and the tanscendantal in michel foucault's works enabled me to reveal the author's most constant preoccupation, which was to give a transposition of the "critical" question of the conditions of possibility of knowledge that would allow it to escape from the deadends of the transcendantal theme (understood as anthropologized). Moreover, studying foucault's three main philosophical sources (kant, nietzsche, heidegger) led me to discover, for each stage of the author's intellectual development, the lack of a sound and consistant enough theoretical foundation. Henceforth, i tried to pinpoint and identify the recurrent guises of the transcendantal theme infoucault's work, mostly by analyzing the notions of "episteme", "historical a priori", "power knowledge" and "problematization"
Basso, Elisabetta. "Michel Foucault et la "Daseinanalyse" : une enquête méthodologique." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010530.
Full textAbe, Takashi. "La méthode archéologique de Michel Foucault : le statut du sujet." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100006.
Full textIn this study, the works of Foucault were chronologically examined. Analysis was made on the development of his philosophical method known as archaeology, and on its dominant topic : the subject. Foucault treated the concept of subject as an operational concept, through which his research was realized. Through the 1960s, in parallel with the development of archaeology, he criticized the epistemic function of the subject, which was the very basis of Human Sciences. At the end of the 1960s, through a radical reconstruction of the archaeological method, he discovered a new object of research the discourse. On the basis of such methodological change, the new research examined the status of the subject differently. The concept of "subjectification" was introduced in order to describe a dynamic process interrelated with the function of power, in which subjectivity is formed. This process of subjectification further introduced the dimension of ethics
Laarissa, Mohamed Mustapha. "Epistème, discours, pouvoir chez Michel Foucault." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010520.
Full textThis work intends to study three notions essential to Foucault : episteme, speech, power as referring at the same time to different phasis in the theoritical evolution of the author. So the question is to observe a thought in its moments of mutation, even of erisis. Consequently, we are concerned with an opened work, in a perpetual removal. That verifies the methodological importance of "l'archeologie du savoir". Meanwhile, if such a work reveals itsely very important for our study, it's not because it takes place in a reflexive form of a "theory of the method" but because it establishes a new object for history: the speech, regarded here with a differential point of view and no more with a totalising one, as it was with "les mots et les choses". Therefore, the two works stumble on the same obstacle : the reducing explanation of knowledge by knowledge. "surveiller et punir" and "la volonte de savoir" will outline admirably that dilemna in developing by the hypothesis of a necessary correlation between knowledge and power, what will be the elaboration of a new point of view on power : the relationnal point of view. But Foucault will paradoxically present power in its relation with resistance (which is opposed to it) : an omnipresent power, and a resistance which can only be then obliged to resort to a third dimension which is not reducible neither to knowledge nor to power : the dimension of the subjectivation, such as the Foucault's two last work, "l'usage des plaisirs "and" le souci de soi" present it to us. Foucault's thought will then finally take on the form of a triple historical ontology of knowledge, power and subjectivation (and not of subject)
Aidara, Chérif Abdourahmane. "La notion de déviance dans la philosophie de Michel Foucault." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100124.
Full textInstead of to reduce itself to an area, the work of michel foucault proceeds to the cross-roads of various disciplines. In our perspective, we do not propose a new study of the history on the thought of foucault. We wish, concerning what we consider as a problematisation on the abnormality, to make rise a meditation that could be set out the next manner: in which measure a problematisation on the abnor, mality can be accompanied by the work of foucault, if we consider this constant link in its researches between the gap to the norm on the one hand, the society and the policies on the other hand. The true question remains to know if it can exist a society in which the power doesn't need abnormalities, illegalisms. Does not the penal machinery, as noted foucault, have for function, rather than to aim to the extinction of the abnormalities, to aim on the contrary to their control, to their maintenance in a certain balanced state which could economically be useful and politically fertile? To reply to this question we have envisaged the connection between the subject and the games of truth from either the coercive practices as in the case of the psychiatry and the penitentiary system, either through the practices of oneself that, according to foucault, represents an important phenome, non in our societies since the greek and roman period, even if it has not been sufficiently studied. Power, truth and abnormal subject, here are therefore the three axes from which we have ex, amined the work of foucault before determining it exact impact in the judicial and penal, epistemology
Gagnon, Simon-Olivier. "Michel Foucault et le souci de soi dans l'Antiquité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33943.
Full textWe propose a study on the culture of the care of the self in Antiquity, as it is exposed and interpreted by Michel Foucault in his course Herméneutique du sujet at the Collège de France. Based on the interpretation of the texts of the principal Latin philosophers of imperial Stoicism (Seneca, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius), the dissertation brings together the elements of a Foucaldian theory of the subject. The first part deals with Foucault’s perspective on the "genesis" of the subject, with regard to the "techniques of the self " through which one rationalizes oneself. The second part situates the subject that is elaborated in the practical experience of the relation to oneself, in asceticism and discipline, with regard to the relation to the other, to the body, to knowledge and to language. The last part presents the historical context in which the injunction to self-care has become an ethical imperative. It is then suggested that the crisis of Athenian democracy at the end of the 5th century played a significant role in the emergence of the Socratic injunction, and that the latter echoes the ruling classes on the political incompetence of the masses. The care of the self and the constant exercise of self-control then appear as prerequisites for participation in political life and common decisions. The culture of the self slowly change with the decline of the City- State, Roman domination, and the Hellenization of Rome, while reaching its peak in the High Empire. The culture of the self ends in the Christian construction of a culture of renunciation. It is asserted then that in each of these historical configurations, the culture of the self has fulfilled an important social function, but each time different.
Hwedi, Nafati. "La relation entre l'individu et le pouvoir dans la philosophie de Michel Foucault." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1005.
Full textFoucault suggests analysing a new shape of power by exceeding the former shape " to let live " or " make die ". These analyses take a determined point (history) to penetrate to the archipelagos of various powers. Foucault worries to distinguish, in these processes, the truth which belongs solely to the power
Marinho, Ernandes Reis. "La vision de l'homme chez Foucault." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010621.
Full textShim, Jaiwon. "Michel Foucault : liberté, pouvoir et leur histoire : introduction thématique à son anthropologie nominaliste." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100086.
Full textThis thesis consists of four parts: I. Archaeology and genealogy, II. Micropower and government, III. Liberty and care of self, IV. Birth of nominalist anthropology. In part I, archaeology evolves toward a critical-rational method, while genealogy applies to the polemical position against the theoretical-speculative visions of the world. Part II deals with the micropower Foucault reveals with “discipline” as total individualising socio-control. Then the micropower reveals itself as physical-moral relations of power which enable this “discipline” to exist. Nevertheless, it integrates the nominalist conception of power as strategic relation between social agents. And it is in this context that we find the forerunner of the conception of “government”. As power consists in “government” (a conducting relation between free individuals), it is no longer opposed to individual liberty as practice of the self-subjectifying will. This conception of liberty treated in part III is drawn from the histories of the “care of self”. Foucault problematizes this care of self with the “techniques of self” which accompany it as practical matrix. In fact, he repositions them in the context of the care of self with “the greatness of mind”. Concerning nominalism (which is treated in part IV), Foucault asserts that history takes an interest in the factual truths of specific events. Thus nominalism joins Foucault's anthropology as his found-again ultimate horizon. This renewed tendency means there is a nominalist return to anthropology
Favreau, Jean-François. "L' espace littéraire de / selon Michel Foucault." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070021.
Full textThis work follows the motive of literature in the whole work of Michel Foucault. Literature appears as a documentary material witnessing to modemity and its madness, a way to defy classical philosoph/s fundaments, a preserved space for a mysticism of language, as well as a challenging stimulation for the thinking. Then, discourse about literature represents a thinking laboratory, making visible the biggest impulses, changes and intuitions of Foucault. As an historian, critic and philosopher, he approached this exception zone where the specific rule challenges the automatisms of the law. Its space successively appears as a carnival, abyss, laboratory or battlefield. In its radical isolation, the very structured and mirroring literary space represents for Foucault a repeated occasion for a step aside, and a companion against/for philosophy. Here we can find the same questions Foucault asked in his major books (what he called "serious" discourse), but from a different point of view: what does it mean to be "against"? who speaks? how to change the angle of thinking? what is modernity ? What should appear after humanity? To manage this study, we had to go through Foucault's own references and readings: the decisive input of the generation of Bataille, Blanchot and Klossowski, the singular works of Roussel or Sade, the neighbourhood of Barthes, Derrida and Sollers. Fiction seemed to us a relevant criterion to think the work of Foucault as a whole. It's a way to take into consideration the geography and the dramaturgy of his thinking; it is both the place and the operating mode that Foucault uses to change and build his own trajectory. Fiction, in Foucault's work, finally appears as a pattern in which the writing and the building of a life affect each other
Amironesei, Razvan. "Biopouvoir et nihilisme à partir de l'oeuvre de Michel Foucault." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29996/29996.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to examine the contemporary formation of a nihilism of biopower from a critical analysis of Michel Foucault’s work. We begin by formulating a genealogy of his notion of power, doubled by a critique of his treatment of disciplinary violence. In this context, we show that violence is inextricably linked to the « real » of disciplinary power, which is unrepresentable in itself and that one must understand in terms of a immanent and permanent form of « excess ». Second, this genealogy of power allows to put forward our analysis of contemporary biopolitics. We show that the object of biopolitics is not defined by the necessary intervention on the organic mass of living populations as Foucault suggests, but is rather the effect of a process of continuous production and subjectification of a « bios », seen as the emergence of a specific form of life elaborated at the intersection of practices of freedom and a politics of coercion. Third, this nihilism of disciplinary power and biopolitics is analyzed from a theological-political injunction of infinite perfectibility of « bios ». Thus, our concept of nihilism does not involve a axiological depreciation of life but rather is a mechanism of power which « affirms » quasi-exhaustively the way of life of a biopolitical individual. The modality of resistance to nihilism is discussed through the critical investigation of the foucaldian notion of withdrawal or distanciation of the self from itself (la déprise de soi). This notion along with the « loss of the self » are conceptualized not as a form of liberation from the nihilism of biopower, but rather as a potential transformation of its contemporary expression.
Bellahcène, Driss. "Michel Foucault et le savoir pouvoir." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082375.
Full textThe topic of this thesis is to analyse the connexion between knowledge and power in Foucault's works. First the power is an exercice, a mecanism. It can't be possessed. Neither knowledge nor power can overwhelm one another or be confused. There is a mutual capture. Truth must be understood as a complex network between knowledge and power (as a conflictual force field). Also the link between subjectivity and truth can't be reduced the game for power. Knowledge points out strata, files as strata. . . It is then what power integrates himself and explains and is explained by it. As a mecanism, power is not limited to contain forms of knowledge-power but generates effects of power and products knowledge. Foucault presents two examples of this acting productivity : discipline (police of behaviour) and sexuality. The discipline as technology of taming, is a concentration of forms of knowledge-power controling the subject in order to turn to automatism the subject body's functions, to extract the more possible and economicaly usefull force and to prevent resistance. The connexion between subjectivity and truth can't be resumed only to the connexion with power and knowledge : it escapes the sexuality mecanism. Telling truths would be like playing the game for power with his domination stategies
Schottmann, Franziska. "Visages du langage : Michel Foucault face à la littérature (1961-1969)." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070067.
Full textThere is a "being of language. " Based on this simple affirmation, Michel Foucault's writings on literature unfold a large and ramified network evolving by the subtle play of difference and repetition. By discussing Foucault's essays and articles dealing with literature, the question arises of how language contributes to the construction of thinking. How can a gesture of writing create a way of thinking and which are the specific forms and concepts of this thinking? Or, to speak with Foucault, what means "thinking and talking"? In our discussion of Foucault's notion of a "being of language", it becomes apparent that language has a strictly fictional dimension that subverts any reflexive and self-conscious speech. When the syntax of sentences prefigures the architecture of a thought, the gap opened up by the conjunction "and" in "thinking and talking" reveals the purely literai and material dimension of language. Foucault's notion of "being of language" that is neither a concept nor a pure phrase is not the basis for a stable ontology linked to a ontological founded poetic but the ironic reversal of any attempt of poetologicai formalization. Thus, the goal of this study is the patient deployment of the textual echoes and the maze of motifs that, far from asserting Foucault's books as defined units, dissolves them while creating new and very different links between them
Frackowiak, Mathieu. "Histoire et vérité chez Michel Foucault." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040235.
Full textWith this PhD, I propose a reading of Foucault – and particularly the « Cours au Collège de France » which deals with three questions. First, how to think through the historic work of Foucault, the operations which characterize that work and its fictional dimension? Second, what kind of importance do foucaldian “genealogies” carry for Truth in History and their way of practicing historical studies? And last, can we say that there is a foucaldian history? My work demonstrate that, in Michel Foucault’s thinking, Truth – and the way we write the history of Truth in Western Thought – organizes History, a role which has been described in the thesis as “eugenics” because of its consequences on the order of discourses, in science and, consequently, on real and possible ways of living for human beings. We try to think, therefore, against that eugenics and to characterize the way Foucault practiced history, and to understand the consequences of this practice on philosophy?
Mercier, Carine. "Michel Foucault et la constitution de l’homme moderne : permanence et transformations : des premiers écrits aux premières recherches généalogiques." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100026.
Full textThis work is a study on the formation and transformations of Michel Foucault’s thought between his very first writings and Surveiller et punir. The purpose is to start over again the analysis of what is known as the Foucault’s “archaeological period”, proposing a two principle based reading of his texts. On the one hand, leaving aside the traditional periodisation of Foucault’s work allows us to make appear that his thought was elaborated by the ceaseless reformulation of the same question: the one which focuses on the constitution of the modern figure of “Man”. And on the other hand, the study of these texts, in the light of the mostly implicit theoretic debates that contributed to their formation, ables us to restore all its complexity to the archaeological project. Such a reading leads to reevaluate the significations of the archaeology, as well as its links with the genealogy
Hortonéda, Jeanine. "Deux contemporains Michel Foucault et Gilles Deleuze : convergences, divergences, résurgences." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20115.
Full textFoucault and Deleuze: two philosophers, two contemporaries with an unusual career whose meeting and mutual acknoledgement throws a glimmering ligth on each other's thinking. By comparing Foucault's and Deleuze's texts, one can find out how concepts –even philosophical practices– pass and transform from one to the other. Their asymmetrical respective publications put into relief perspectives on topical questions theoretical and political common commitments, particulary on the issue of relationships between politics and subjectivization practices; How the subject came into being through desire, and how the body harnesses its pleasures –caught between subjection to and desubjection from – give rise to an array of questions about what a life that would be free from the concept of subject, êthopoiétique, alêthurgique, in a word, a philosophical life can be. Two philosophers concerned with the event – even though Deleuze's notion of transformation does not coincide with Foucault's genealogical and archeological approach – who share the same sharp sense of criticism in order to provide a new vision of thought and foster the resurgence of an ethical questioning after the “dead of man” and the “dead of God”
Leonelli, Massimo R. "Foucault généalogiste, stratège et dialecticien : de l'histoire critique au diagnostic du présent." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100176.
Full textThe extension of the reflexive view of a genealogy of genealogy itself, which governs the problematisation of Foucault's own research, revolves around three differing pieces of historical writing: History as "the other side of reason" in The History of Madness. This is a work that attempts to escape Hegelism by means of a metamorphosis of Hegelian concepts (derived principally from The Phenomenology of the Spirit and from J. Hyppolite) through their reaction with certain aspects of Nietzschian genealogy. History as the principle of the intelligibility of the historiography of "war", which is the object and criterion of the course, Il faut défendre la société, in which Foucault examines the tools of his own research. The complex and decisive relationship between Foucault's analysis and the analysis of Marx and different forms of Marxism (Lukàcs, Plekhanov, Gramsci, Lefèvre, Althusser, Balibar. . . ) is revealed through their comparisons. From the re-establishment of exact references to Marx to the highlighting of the immense importance of Augustin Thierry, the reconstruction of sources proues the validity of Foucault's thesis. History as the repetition-transformation of the question: "Was ist Aufklarung?", which defines modernity and the very historicity of modernity. The reflexive nature of Foucault's reading of Kant's text allows us to clarify certain disputed points of interpretation (the best illustration being a comparison to Habermas) and to capture a kind of retrospective coherence which is characteristic of the reflected elaboration that follows the experimental process (G. Canguilhem)
Combes, Muriel. "La vie inséparée : vie et sujet entre biopouvoir et politique." Paris 8, 2002. http://octaviana.fr/document/18047362X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textBetween 1976 and 1979, Michel Foucault elaborates the concept of "biopower", which indicates the moment when, around the 18th century, life itself - the individuals and the populations - becomes part of the mechanisms of power and an essential stake in politics. At the beginning of the eighties, Foucault's work seems to branch out into a reflection about ethics. Rather than a rupture, one can see appearing a fundamental quadrilateral of concepts, which joins together truth, power, subject and life. Among those concepts, the one which has interested Foucault least is the one of life. In order to elaborate it, we've taken here two ways: a renewal of an ontological mode of thought, in order to clarify the relationship between life and subjectivity and an explanation of the function of sciences in biopower necessitating a critique of epistemology. Our aim is to question the involvement of life in politics. In each case, the assumption in play is that life cannot be conceived separately from subjectivity
Koll, Peter. "Risque et naturalité. De la naissance de l'objet 'société' et la (dé-)subjectivation : une généalogie." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/156506394#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe object of the following text appears as a genealogy of risk. This appearance is conveyed first through a reading of the sociological meaning risk has taken, according to which risk concerns the very structure of modern society. Thus the genealogy we undertake will concern the birth of the object called 'society', which indeed appears firstly as a new type of objectivity. In order to grasp the meaning of this latter concept, understood as a discursive function, we propose to 'read' – in the texts of so-called classical sociology – "society" as a function on a (discursive) field of naturality. Based on this thesis an account is developed of the paradoxical nature of naturality, which paradox can be expressed as the 'internal outside of society'. This paradox will allow us to fully appreciate the genealogical meaning of risk, which will then appear as the dispositif that expresses and reinforces the paradox which is inherent to the nature of society
Kozlowski, Michal. "Fonctions du discours et figures du sujet : Michel Foucault, théoricien de la liberté." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0073.
Full textMichel Foucault is often perceived as the one willing to deconstruct the very idea of the subject. In my analysis I attempt to show the contrary. Foucault's cautious work aims at the reconstruction of the concept of the subject in order to think it through both it its limitations and the possibilities to realiza its freedom. In that perspective I account for two key notions that Foucault works out : the one of the actuality abd the one of the genealogy. I introduce in Foucault theoretical structure the spinozian concept of conatus understood, as permanent will of the self-constitution of a subject by the subject. These three notions together let me account for political strategies of emancipation in the Foucaultian sense. The main argument developed in my dissertation leads to the conclusion that Michel Foucault far from being a new conservatism offers as a matter of the new visions of progressivism, a skeptical one perhaps but genuinely mature
Martins, Victor Mendonça Nobre. "L'Oedipe selon Foucault : Foucault lecteur et non-lecteur de Freud à travers le «complexe d’Oedipe»." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC069.
Full textFoucault's work, from the 1970s until his death in 1984, was marked by a critique of the "Oedipus complex", a concept essential to Freud. The radicalism of Foucault's critics would have implied, on the one hand, a certain distance from the psychoanalysts of his works and, on the other hand, that his readers take a certain distance from the Freudian letter. A fundamental detail to the understanding of this difficult interlocution: the references of the philosopher to the "Oedipus complex" were always formulated without presenting to his readers any quote from Freud. From within his own text, which systematically refers to the work of the psychoanalyst, Foucault summoned each time his interlocutor without ever giving him the floor. What reading of Freud would he have done? How could he write so much on the "Oedipus complex" without ever mentioning Freud? In order to identify the modalities, the aspects, the forms of this erased reading operation, we will approach the main Foucaldian references to the "Oedipus complex" and their negative logic
Frietsch, Ute. "L'"Introduction à l'anthropologie de Kant" de Michel Foucault : résumé et critique." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082072.
Full textHong, Ki-Sook. "Problématique du sujet et ontologie chez Deleuze." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082644.
Full textOur research consists in analysis about the concept of subject which intervenes in the event and must be faithful in the new situation after the event. We examine most of all the problem of ontology for this analysis, because we want to define the concept of subject as the name which is different than ontology’s term. We choose G. Deleuze who is a philosopher contemporary. That is, our research clarifies in development of Deleuze’s ontology and subject. The study is divided into six sections. 1) Investigation of the concept of subject today, ontology, and the question of subject and ontology in Deleuze 2) multiples heterogeneous as pure becoming 3) event and sense 4) champ of virtual 5) time and its sovereignty 6) inside of thought: “subjectivation”. Our conception of the subject which is distant from Deleuze’s thought is decided by the singular topology where the chance of the event is material of the subject and the truth
Bourgoin-Castonguay, Simon. "Entre histoire et vérité : Paul Ricœur et Michel Foucault : généalogie du sujet, herméneutique du soi et anthropologie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25206.
Full textCette thèse cherche, par le biais des concepts d’histoire et de vérité, à placer en position de dialogue deux des plus grands philosophes français contemporains : Paul Ricœur et Michel Foucault. L’hypothèse avancée est que l’histoire du concept de subjectivité oscille entre la volonté de savoir et le désir de comprendre. Ces deux postures, irréductibles l’une à l’autre, inaugurent les deux méthodes à l’étude : une généalogie du sujet relevant d’une historicisation de la volonté de vérité (Foucault) et une herméneutique du soi érigée dans le besoin d’interpréter notre finitude (Ricœur). Alors que Ricœur élabore une anthropologie philosophique voulant prendre en charge la capacité interprétative de l’homme, Foucault développe pour sa part une critique de notre « âge anthropologique de la raison » (la modernité). Mais en dépit de cet écart apparent, tant l’herméneutique que la généalogie demeurent fondées dans une pensée de la finitude. Celle-ci motive une critique de la philosophie de l’histoire ainsi qu’une critique de son corollaire, la philosophie de la conscience : Foucault et Ricœur proposent ainsi deux images inversées d’une même problématisation historique du rapport à soi. Il s’agit en bref de poser la question de la subjectivité en évitant de la réduire à la « volonté de savoir » caractérisant les sciences humaines. La compréhension du rapport à soi passe avant tout par la reconnaissance, qui est ici tenue pour le fondement anthropologique de la subjectivation. Une analyse comparative des pratiques de véridiction (aveu, promesse, parrêsia) sert à cet effet de terrain commun sur le plan de l’éthique. Mais cette comparaison ne cherche pas la réconciliation. Il s’agit plutôt de relever, chaque fois, une tache aveugle rendant ces deux pensées complémentaires dans ce qui les oppose : faire jouer la distance, tel pourrait être le leitmotiv de cette recherche. Mots-clés : Michel Foucault ; Paul Ricœur ; histoire ; vérité ; herméneutique ; généalogie ; anthropologie philosophique ; épistémologie ; ontologie ; critique ; modernité ; structuralisme ; objectivation ; interprétation ; compréhension ; soi ; sujet ; subjectivité ; subjectivation ; pouvoir ; éthique ; reconnaissance ; capacité ; véridiction ; attestation ; aveu ; confession ; parrêsia ; promesse ; souci.
Through a philosophical analysis of the concepts of history and truth, this dissertation aims at creating a dialogue between the works of two of the most important contemporary French philosophers: Paul Ricœur and Michel Foucault. Our main hypothesis is that through its history, the concept of subjectivity fluctuates between the will to know and the desire of understanding. These two positions, irreducible to one another, reveal the two methods under study: a genealogy of the subject ensuing from a historicization of the will of truth (Foucault) and a hermeneutics of the self based on a universal need for interpreting our finitude (Ricœur). Whereas Ricœur develops a philosophical anthropology focusing on the interpretive capacity of man, Foucault, for his part, criticizes our ‘anthropological age of the reason’ (i.e. modernity). Despite this apparent gap, however, both hermeneutics and genealogy prove to be based on a philosophy of finitude. The latter motivates a critical analysis of both the philosophy of history and its corollary, the philosophy of consciousness: Foucault and Ricœur thus offer opposite views of a common historical problematizing of subjectivity. In short, the purpose of this work is to investigate the notion of subjectivity without restraining it to the will to know which characterizes the humanities. We argue that the comprehension of the self depends above all on acknowledgment, which is considered here to be the actual anthropological foundation of ‘subjectivation’. To this end, a comparative analysis of different ‘veridiction’ practices (confession, promise, parrhesia) acts as a common ground in terms of ethics. However, this comparison does not aim at reconciliation. The idea is rather to reveal a blind spot by which it becomes possible to grasp the complementary aspects of these thoughts through what actually separates them: therefore, this thesis could be considered as a playful use of the distance. Key-words : Michel Foucault ; Paul Ricœur ; history ; truth ; hermeneutics ; genealogy ; philosophical anthropology ; epistemology ; ontology ; critic ; modernity ; structuralism ; objectivation ; interpretation ; comprehension ; self ; subject ; subjectivity ; subjectivation ; power ; ethics ; acknowledgement ; capacity ; veridiction ; testimony ; confession ; parrhesia ; promise ; care.
Cremonesi, Laura. "Interpretazioni del mondo antico nell'opera di Michel Foucault : "technai tou biou, epimeleia heautou e parrhesia"." Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002513170204611&vid=upec.
Full textThe present thesis is an attempt to the analysis of the ancient thought interpretations developed by Michel Foucault between the end of the Seventies and the beginning of the Eighties. The aim of this study is relating some main topics of the practices and ancient texts analysis by Foucault with the idea of criticism as well as the idea of philosophy as "critical diagnosis of the actuality", which he develops in his last works. In fact in the following chapters I intend to propose some hypotheses about how to link the idea of philosophy as critical diagnosis of the actuality with the greek and roman idea of "askesis" -- the oneself transformation process -- and with the idea of "parrhesia" -- the dangerous speech activity of truth-telling
Park, Tae-Joune. "Savoir et volonté de savoir chez Schopenhauer, Nietzsche et Foucault." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100192.
Full textThe aim of our work is to escape an epistemological, reducing, bipolar or dialectical vision and to initiate a vision of the complexity of knowledge. We have chosen Michel Foucault’s works as subject of analysis and Schopenhauer’s and Nietzsche’s works as criterion of analysis. Our study was done according to the genealogical method, which implies that this thesis divided into two parts. One is dedicated to 'external' genealogy, that is to say, outside Foucault’s works. This means that it is dedicated at the same time to the birth of will and genealogy in Schopenhauer and to the process and development of criticism of Schopenhauer’s philosophy in Nietzsche. The other part of the thesis deals with 'internal' genealogy, that is to say, inside Foucault’s works themselves. We have used the same logic of genealogy but in this last part, we have used the method of periodization. In this method of periodization, we are not trying to temporally distinguish the periods or to make a distinction according to the published works; we focus on the discontinuity of complex will as well as on the method appropriate to this complexity. In genealogy, the epistemological field does not exist, as the distinction between the real being and phenomenon is unimaginable; there is only an ontological field. Knowledge is neither the product of knowing in the strict sense of the term nor ideology as illusion
Bouchard-Goupil, Alexis. "La méthode généalogique foucaldienne et l'ouverture de l'actualité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26666.
Full textKayano, Toshihito. "La production de l'obéissance : la formation de la société chez Spinoza et Foucault." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100032.
Full textThis thesis is intent on thinking the formation of society by means of a study of the philosophies of Spinoza and Foucault. In the first part, it defines society and builds the conceptual instruments of the proposed problematic. In the second part, it considers the logic of the existence of the world, whereby humans body, which are the actors and consitutent parts of society, are produced as finite modes existing and acting in a specific manner. In the third part, it discusses the dynamics which characterize human actions, or the operations that structure the field of action, each time in a determined configuration. In the last part, it develops a construction of the State from its genetic cause, namely the social function of violence. It is the combination of processes which taken together forms society
Conry, Sébastien. "Spatialité des frontières : géophilosophie d'après Michel Foucault et Gilles Deleuze." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841647.
Full textCohen, Jessica. "Subjekt und Autonomie nach Michel Foucault : neue Entwicklungen der politischen Theorie in Frankreich." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0066.
Full textThis dissertation examines the development of the concept of subjectivity in the context of French criticism of poststructuralism by drawing on the work of three authors : Cornelius Castoriadis (1922-1997), Marcel Gauchet (born 1946) and Alain Renaut (born 1948). The research focuses on their critiques towards Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and explores their respective definitions of the notion of subject. The core question concerns the link between subject and autonomy : Why do all three authors reproach Foucault for giving up individual and political autonomy with his understanding of the subject, and do they open up new prospects for rethinking the subject as an autonomous political agent ? The different approaches put forward by Castoriadis, Gauchet and Renaut display that the French critique of poststructuralism is heterogeneous : Renaut advocates a return of reason and thus joins the work of Jürgen Habermas in Germany. Castoriadis, for his part, draws on French phenomenology by proposing to discover the human capacity of creation. Gauchet combines structuralist as well as phenomenological presuppositions. From a German perspective, a better knowledge of these phenomenologically inspired critiques of poststructuralism would be beneficial in order to open up further prospects for revising the concepts of subject and autonomy after Foucault
Hébert, Philippe G. "Le parrèsiaste chez Foucault." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28064/28064.pdf.
Full textPérez, Valérie. "(Se) gouverner selon la nature et la vérité : lire "Emile ou de l'éducation" de Jean-Jacques Rousseau avec Foucault et Deleuze." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080133.
Full textThis work is attempt to discuss Rousseau's problematisation of education, using concepts drawn from contem-porary French philosophy. However, if one examines the relation between Foucault and Emile by em-ploying the concept of alèthurgie, one cannot but be struck by the figure of the governor in Emile, who appears in the text to be the guarantor and the condition for the emergence of an idea of truth within the narrative- a truth which is natural, which governs the activities of men, and which is deeply in-volved in the process of education. In his 2012 lectures at the College de France, published under the title ‘The government of the living,’ Michel Fou-cault strove "to develop the concept of government by the truth" through an analysis of the power relations within Oedipus. In particular, Foucault ana-lysed the relation between truth, knowledge, and the exercise of governmen-tal power. In this work, I examine the relation between Foucault’s analysis and Emile Rousseau’s novel Emile. The relation between them may seem paradoxical: after all, Foucault is concerned with truth, and Emile is a work of fiction. The government of childhood can also be illuminated by the Deleuzian concept of Becoming. The Becoming does have something to tell us about childhood, the emancipation of the individual, and about education as a life-long project
Pingeot, Mazarine. "Temps et subjectivité chez Descartes : Identités et mémoire(s)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080072/document.
Full textRevel, Judith. "Différence et discontinuité dans la pensée de Michel Foucault : langage, histoire, subjectivité." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0053.
Full textM. Foucault has been trying to found a new way to think discontinuity through the production of a concept of discontinuity which might be able to break both with "philosophies of the subject" and the linear, teleological models of history, and conceiving a new history of the systems of thought which would warrant the historicization of its own process or objectivation. Foucault's philosophy is discontinuous, non linear and obviously rooted in its own history. A new approach of his work was thus wanted in order to read Foucault with its own method of historicization. The paradoxal link between discontinuity and history has been approached through a second concept, "difference", which appears to be central in French thought after 1945, associated with a larger attempt to formulate the possible conditions of a non-dialectical thought. Foucault's neglected dialogue with Merleau-Ponty, Derrida and Deleuze's works, to whom such a topic has been central, suggests to formulate a new hypothesis : there has been among them a common problematization of difference, but the relation to history and discontinuity has underlined the singularity of each singl philosophical choice
Cassidy, Meghann. "Les temps de l'action : Hannah Arendt, Michel Foucault et l' Antiquité." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010522.
Full textThe starting point of our reflections here concerns the concept of the event in contemporary philosophy. After an evaluation of the many meanings reattached to the term, we isolate two related concerns within contemporary political philosophy’s use of it : the inability to produce effective criteria for determining specific “events”; a tendency to reduce political action to its emergence within a larger and all-pervading historical framework. Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault (in his “ethical turn”) avoid these pitfalls, defining the term while at the same time reflecting upon the conditions of political participation, particularly the role of the philosopher/theorist attempting to understand specific events and determine their meaning. But in thinking about this relationship, the two authors do not focus their attention on the concept of the eventν they look to “pre-modern” concepts, practices and events, particularly in Greece and Rome.At this point we ask an essentially historical question: given the “event’s” reduction of political action within history, given the critique of the modern subject and of modern history what are some of the relationships between history and political action in Ancient and Medieval historical practices? After identifying a number of historical themes during these periods, we return to Foucault and Arendt to enquire about their own representations of ancient thought and “forms of life”: the care of self and the philosopher, the polis, Roman authority and the idea of the actor… These descriptions will lead to ananalysis of the historical time that these representations presuppose, on the one hand, and of theirperformative and transformative functions, on the other. These enquiries will confirm our hypothesis,to wit, some pre-modern historical concepts are in fact renewed in the writings of Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault
Canavese, Mariana. "Les usages de Foucault en Argentine (1958-1989) : de l'homme nouveau à la fin du printemps démocratique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0030.
Full textMichel Foucault's work has been referenced by intellectuals of several disciplines and ideologies and has originated an intense and heterogeneous reception during the second half of the XX century in Argentina. This thesis offers the results of a research which central aim has been to explore and reconstruct the uses of Foucault's work by Argentina's intellectuals and social scientists. The research performed consisted in reviewing the ways those political- intellectual interventions have had impact in specific ways on the local culture and politics between 1958 and 1989. The research relied on critical reading of political-intellectual interventions and written documents, as well as files and secondary bibliography consulted. Sorne of the key participants of this movement were deeply interviewed to analyze the relationship between readers and readings. This research is placed in the field of intellectual history and, as case study, proposes a transdisciplinary approach which integrates tools and technique related to the intellectual and cultural history, the contemporary political theory and philosophy, and the cultural sociology. This work is based on the ideas' circulation and reception problems and the transcultural transfer
Pellegrini, Mariangela. "L'ontologie critique de nous-mêmes : Michel Foucault et la constitution du sujet dans une trame historique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040093.
Full textIn 1983 Foucault pronounces for the first time, during a lesson at the Collège de France, the syntagma “Critial Ontology of Ourselves”. Other similar denominations are used by Foucault in a retrospective way to define his philosophical researches, indeed throughout 1980 he uses at the same time: “Historical Ontology of ourselves”, “Ontology of the Actuality”, “Ontology of the present”, “Ontology of modernity”, et finally “Ontology of ourselves”. This list of synonyms concerns the principal aim of my dissertation: understand what is the Critical Ontology of Ourselves. The crucial point of this work consist from one hand in interrogating and understanding the syntagma above mentioned, from the other in verifying the possibility of the construction of a genesis of this idea
Doron, Claude-Olivier. "Races et dégénérescence : l'émergence des savoirs sur l'homme anormal." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876157.
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