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Journal articles on the topic 'Fouling precursors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Shetty, Nitin, Marappagounder Ramasamy, and Rajashekhar Pendyala. "Effect of Bulk Temperature on Formation of Crude Oil Fouling Precursors on Heat Transfer Surfaces." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.482.

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Temperature plays a very important role in the formation of fouling precursors in crude oils which is considered to be the first step before the precursors are either attached to the wall as a deposit or transferred back to the bulk fluid by diffusion. In order to investigate the formation characteristics of fouling precursors in crude oils at different bulk temperatures, a custom-design thin film microreactor is constructed. It is observed during the experiments that tendency to form fouling precursors is higher at higher surface temperatures. The precursor particles once formed continue to g

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2

Wray, Heather E., Robert C. Andrews, and Pierre R. Bérubé. "Coagulation optimization for DOC removal: pilot-scale analysis of UF fouling and disinfection byproduct formation potential." Water Supply 16, no. 2 (2015): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.157.

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A pilot-scale study was performed to evaluate a coagulant dose which had been optimized for biopolymer (i.e., foulant) removal on subsequent ultrafiltration (UF) fouling, as well as disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor removal. Polyaluminum chloride (PACl) dosages were selected based on a point of diminishing returns for biopolymer removal (0.5 mg/L) and directly compared to that applied at full-scale (6 mg/L). Membrane fouling (reversible and irreversible) was measured as resistance increase over a 48 hour filtration period. DBP formation potential (total trihalomethanes (TTHMs), haloaceti

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3

Ramasamy, M., and Umesh B. Deshannavar. "Effect of Bulk Temperature and Heating Regime on Crude Oil Fouling: An Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 917 (June 2014): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.189.

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Semi-empirical threshold fouling models predict higher fouling rates at high surface or film temperatures. Several experimental fouling data reported in literature and from our study were analyzed with respect to increase in surface and bulk temperatures that showed a decrease in fouling rates. The existing threshold fouling models do not adequately describe the phenomenon of decreasing fouling rates with increase in surface or bulk temperatures. The possible causes including the effect of temperature difference, heating regime and solubility of fouling precursors were analyzed and reported.

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4

Takeuchi, Haruka, Naoyuki Yamashita, Norihide Nakada, and Hiroaki Tanaka. "Removal Characteristics of N-Nitrosamines and Their Precursors by Pilot-Scale Integrated Membrane Systems for Water Reuse." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (2018): 1960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091960.

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This study investigated the removal characteristics of N-Nitrosamines and their precursors at three pilot-scale water reclamation plants. These plants applies different integrated membrane systems: (1) microfiltration (MF)/nanofiltration (NF)/reverse osmosis (RO) membrane; (2) sand filtration/three-stage RO; and (3) ultrafiltration (UF)/NF and UF/RO. Variable removal of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by the RO processes could be attributed to membrane fouling and the feed water temperature. The effect of membrane fouling on N-Nitrosamine removal was extensively evaluated at one of the plants by

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5

Azzeh, Jamal, Lizbeth Taylor-Edmonds, and Robert C. Andrews. "Engineered biofiltration for ultrafiltration fouling mitigation and disinfection by-product precursor control." Water Supply 15, no. 1 (2014): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.091.

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A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate the impact of several biofiltration enhancement strategies in terms of organic removal to reduce disinfection by-product (DBP) formation potential and mitigate ultrafiltration (UF) fouling. Strategies included nutrient addition (nitrogen and phosphorus) to optimize metabolic degradation of organics, use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, peroxide) to improve filter run times, and the application of in-line aluminum sulphate (alum) for biopolymer removal. The impact of media type on performance was also examined (anthracite versus granular activated carbon

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6

Yang, Yao, Shuai Zhang, Guangfei Yang, Haihui Li, Jinjin Wang, and Wenyan Li. "Biological Activated Carbon Filtration Controls Membrane Fouling and Reduces By-Products from Chemically Enhanced Backwashing during Ultrafiltration Treatment." Water 15, no. 21 (2023): 3803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15213803.

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Water purification by ultrafiltration (UF) requires regular membrane cleaning via backwashing. In the case of chemically enhanced backwashing (CEB), it can result in the formation of unwanted by-product precursors due to reactions with organic matters present in the backwashing water and accumulating on the membrane. After subsequent disinfection, these precursors are prone to generate trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), posing potential risks to the chemical safety of drinking water. However, limited information was available regarding the removal of these disinfection by-prod

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7

Millanar-Marfa, Jessa, Laura Borea, Mark de Luna, Florencio Ballesteros, Vincenzo Belgiorno, and Vincenzo Naddeo. "Fouling Mitigation and Wastewater Treatment Enhancement through the Application of an Electro Moving Bed Membrane Bioreactor (eMB-MBR)." Membranes 8, no. 4 (2018): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8040116.

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High operational cost due to membrane fouling propensity remains a major drawback for the widespread application of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. As a result, studies on membrane fouling mitigation through the application of integrated processes have been widely explored. In this work, the combined application of electrochemical processes and moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology within an MBR at laboratory scale was performed by applying an intermittent voltage of 3 V/cm to a reactor filled with 30% carriers. The treatment efficiency of the electro moving bed membrane bioreacto

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8

Jamieson, Tamar, Harriet Whiley, Jason R. Gascooke, and Sophie C. Leterme. "Can Aggregate-Associated Organisms Influence the Fouling in a SWRO Desalination Plant?" Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (2022): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040682.

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This pilot study investigates the formation of aggregates within a desalination plant, before and after pre-treatment, as well as their potential impact on fouling. The objective is to provide an understanding of the biofouling potential of the feed water within a seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant, due to the limited removal of fouling precursors. The 16S and 18S rRNA was extracted from the water samples, and the aggregates and sequenced. Pre-treatment systems, within the plant remove < 5 µm precursors and organisms; however, smaller size particles progress through the plan

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9

Bu, Fan, Baoyu Gao, Qinyan Yue, Caiyu Liu, Wenyu Wang, and Xue Shen. "The Combination of Coagulation and Adsorption for Controlling Ultra-Filtration Membrane Fouling in Water Treatment." Water 11, no. 1 (2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010090.

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Ultra-filtration technology has been increasingly used in drinking water treatment due to improvements in membrane performance and lowering of costs. However, membrane fouling is the main limitation in the application of ultra-filtration technology. In this study, we investigated the impact of four different pre-treatments: Coagulation, adsorption, coagulation followed by adsorption (C-A), and simultaneous coagulation and adsorption (C+A), on membrane fouling and natural organic matter removal efficiency. The results showed that adsorption process required a large amount of adsorbent and forme

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10

Xu, Shunkai, Guangchao Li, Shiqing Zhou, Zhou Shi, and Bin Liu. "Effect of Electrochemical Pre-Oxidation for Mitigating Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling Caused by Extracellular Organic Matter." Water 15, no. 12 (2023): 2235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15122235.

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Algal extracellular organic matter (EOM) will cause grievous membrane fouling during the filtration of algae-laden water; hence, boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodizing was selected as the pretreatment process before the ultrafiltration, and the EOM fouling mitigation mechanism and the purification efficiency were systematically investigated. The results showed that BDD oxidation could significantly alleviate the decline of membrane flux and reduce membrane fouling, and the effect was more notable with an increase in oxidation time. Less than 10% flux loss happened when oxidation duration was 100

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11

Davies, S. H., M. J. Baumann, S. Byun, L. M. Corneal, V. V. Tarabara, and S. J. Masten. "Fabrication of catalytic ceramic membranes for water filtration." Water Supply 10, no. 1 (2010): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.789.

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The paper describes the use of the layer-by-layer technique to coat ceramic membranes with iron and manganese oxide nanoparticles. The coatings are thin (&lt;50 nm) and relatively uniform. These coatings enhance the performance of the hybrid ozonation-filtration process. With the coated membranes it is possible to significantly reduce fouling, improve the removal of DBP precursors and more effectively kill Escherichia coli bacteria.

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12

Sfameni, Silvia, Giulia Rando, Maurilio Galletta, et al. "Design and Development of Fluorinated and Biocide-Free Sol–Gel Based Hybrid Functional Coatings for Anti-Biofouling/Foul-Release Activity." Gels 8, no. 9 (2022): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8090538.

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Biofouling has destructive effects on shipping and leisure vessels, thus producing severe problems for marine and naval sectors due to corrosion with consequent elevated fuel consumption and higher maintenance costs. The development of anti-fouling or fouling release coatings creates deterrent surfaces that prevent the initial settlement of microorganisms. In this regard, new silica-based materials were prepared using two alkoxysilane cross-linkers containing epoxy and amine groups (i.e., 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, respectively), in combination with t

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13

Shevate, Rahul, Vepa Rozyyev, Rajesh Pathak, Anil U. Mane, Seth B. Darling, and Jeffrey W. Elam. "Tailoring the Interfacial Interactions of Porous Polymer Membranes to Accelerate Atomic Layer Deposition: The Latent Path to Antifouling Membranes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 31 (2022): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02311160mtgabs.

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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a powerful strategy to engineer hybrid organic-inorganic membranes with emergent functionalities. The combination of atomic-level thickness control, wide materials palette, and unprecedented conformality allow the physiochemical properties (e.g., hydrophilicity) of mesoporous polymer membranes to be precisely tuned. The nucleation of ALD materials growth on polymer surfaces relies on chemical interactions between the ALD metalorganic precursor and functional groups in the polymer structure and these interactions dictate the number of ALD cycles required to achi

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14

Li, Sheng, Harvey Winters, Sanghyun Jeong, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran, and Gary L. Amy. "Marine bacterial transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and TEP precursors: Characterization and RO fouling potential." Desalination 379 (February 2016): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.10.005.

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15

Corsino, Santo Fabio, Gaetano Di Bella, Francesco Traina, et al. "Membrane Fouling Mitigation in MBR via the Feast–Famine Strategy to Enhance PHA Production by Activated Sludge." Membranes 12, no. 7 (2022): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12070703.

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Fouling is considered one of the main drawbacks of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. Among the main fouling agents, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are considered one of the most impactful since they cause the decrease of sludge filterability and decline of membrane flux in the long term. The present study investigated a biological strategy to reduce the membrane-fouling tendency in MBR systems. This consisted of seeding the reactor with activated sludge enriched in microorganisms with polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) storage ability and by imposing proper operating conditions to drive

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16

Hou, An-Li, Szu-Yi Wang, Wen-Pin Lin, Wei-Hsuan Kuo, Tsung-Jen Wang, and Meng-Jiy Wang. "Surface Antifouling Modification on Polyethylene Filtration Membranes by Plasma Polymerization." Materials 13, no. 21 (2020): 5020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13215020.

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Surface modification on microporous polyethylene (PE) membranes was facilitated by plasma polymerizing with two hydrophilic precursors: ethylene oxide vinyl ether (EO1V) and diethylene oxide vinyl ether (EO2V) to effectively improve the fouling against mammalian cells (Chinese hamster ovary, CHO cells) and proteins (bovine serum albumin, BSA). The plasma polymerization procedure incorporated uniform and pin-hole free ethylene oxide-containing moieties on the filtration membrane in a dry single-step process. The successful deposition of the plasma polymers was verified by Fourier-transform infr

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17

Rittschof, Daniel, Tara Essock-Burns, Gary Dickinson, S. Zmina, and N. Alberman. "Natural glues and fouling management by interfering with glue curing." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 20 (January 1, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol20iss0pp34-39.

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Multidisciplinary approaches and modern technology provide insights to glue curing that are stimulatingand controversial. Our team applies classic and modern theory and techniques to the study of barnacle glue. Techniques include physical measures, bacteriology, behavior, physiology, biochemistry, microscopy, spectroscopy, tomography, tandem mass spectrometry, molecular biology and proteomics. Theory is grounded in evolution and previous literature. Here, we use data from these techniques to support the hypothesis that barnacle glue curing is similar toblood clotting and propose a model for ho

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18

Ahmad, Abdul Latif, Nuur Fahanis Che Lah, Nur Amelia Norzli, and Wen Yu Pang. "A Contrastive Study of Self-Assembly and Physical Blending Mechanism of TiO2 Blended Polyethersulfone Membranes for Enhanced Humic Acid Removal and Alleviation of Membrane Fouling." Membranes 12, no. 2 (2022): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020162.

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In this study, membrane fabrication was achieved by two different methods: (i) self-assembly and (ii) physical blending of TiO2 in PES membrane for humic acid filtration. The TiO2 nanoparticles were self-assembled by using TBT as the precursor and pluronic F127 as triblock copolymers around the membrane pores. This was achieved by manipulating the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of TBT precursors during the non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process. On the other hand, the TiO2 was physically blended as a comparison to the previous method. The characteristic of the membrane was a

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19

Maqsood, Hajra, Basim Abu-Jdayil, and Joy H. Tannous. "Use of In-Situ ESR Measurements for Mechanistic Studies of Free Radical Non-Catalytic Thermal Reactions of Various Unconventional Oil Resources and Biomass." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 20 (2024): 11047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011047.

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The exhaustion of conventional light oils necessitates the shift towards unconventional sources such as biomass, heavy oil, oil shale, and coal. Non-catalytic thermal cracking by a free radical mechanism is at the heart of the upgrading, prior to refining into valuable products. However, thermal pyrolysis is hindered by the formation of asphaltenes, precursors to coke, limiting cracking, causing equipment fouling, and reducing product stability. Free radicals are inherently present in heavy fractions and are generated during thermal processes. This makes these reactive intermediates central to

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20

Castaldo, Rachele, Mariagrazia Iuliano, Mariacristina Cocca, Veronica Ambrogi, Gennaro Gentile, and Maria Sarno. "A New Route for Low Pressure and Temperature CWAO: A PtRu/MoS2_Hyper-Crosslinked Nanocomposite." Nanomaterials 9, no. 10 (2019): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101477.

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PtRu/MoS2 nanoparticles (NPs) (PtRu alloy partially coated by one-layer MoS2 nanosheets) were prepared through a ‘wet chemistry’ approach. The obtained NPs were directly embedded, at 5 parts per hundred resin/rubber (phr) loading, in a poly (divinylbenzene-co-vinyl benzyl chloride) hyper-crosslinked (HCL) resin, synthesized via bulk polymerization of the resin precursors, followed by conventional FeCl3 post-crosslinking. The obtained HCL nanocomposites were characterized to evaluate the effect of the NPs. It shows a high degree of crosslinking, a good dispersion of NPs and a surface area up to

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21

Thongjamroon, Sunida, Jatuphorn Wootthikanokkhan, and Nuchthana Poolthong. "Photocatalytic Performances and Antifouling Efficacies of Alternative Marine Coatings Derived from Polymer/Metal Oxides (WO3@TiO2)-Based Composites." Catalysts 13, no. 4 (2023): 649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13040649.

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This work concerns development of alternative antifouling paints for marine applications using composite metal oxides derived from TiO2 and WO3. Composite metal oxides with a variety of tungsten content were prepared via a sol–gel process using titanium isopropoxide and sodium tungstate dihydrate as the precursors. The crystalline phase, bandgap energy, morphology, surface structure, and electronic states of the synthesized products were then characterized and confirmed by XPS, XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, and TEM techniques. Photocatalytic performance polymer film loaded with composite

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22

Lebedev, Denis, Maxim Novomlinsky, Vladimir Kochemirovsky, et al. "Glass/Au Composite Membranes with Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized inside Pores for Selective Ion Transport." Materials 13, no. 7 (2020): 1767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071767.

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Nanocomposite membranes have been actively developed in the last decade. The involvement of nanostructures can improve the permeability, selectivity, and anti-fouling properties of a membrane for improved filtration processes. In this work, we propose a novel type of ion-selective Glass/Au composite membrane based on porous glass (PG), which combines the advantages of porous media and promising selective properties. The latter are achieved by depositing gold nanoparticles into the membrane pores by the laser-induced liquid phase chemical deposition technique. Inside the pores, gold nanoparticl

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23

Gheata, Adrian, Alessandra Spada, Manon Wittwer, et al. "Modulating the Surface Properties of Lithium Niobate Nanoparticles by Multifunctional Coatings Using Water-in-Oil Microemulsions." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (2023): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030522.

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Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as promising tools in biomedical applications, owing to their inherent physicochemical properties and their ease of functionalization. In all potential applications, the surface functionalization strategy is a key step to ensure that NPs are able to overcome the barriers encountered in physiological media, while introducing specific reactive moieties to enable post-functionalization. Silanization appears as a versatile NP-coating strategy, due to the biocompatibility and stability of silica, thus justifying the need for robust and well controlled sila

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24

Casetta, Jeanne, Céline Pochat-Bohatier, David Cornu, Mikhael Bechelany, and Philippe Miele. "Enhancing Water Treatment Performance of Porous Polysulfone Hollow Fiber Membranes through Atomic Layer Deposition." Molecules 28, no. 16 (2023): 6133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166133.

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Polysulfone (PSF) is one of the most used polymers for water treatment membranes, but its intrinsic hydrophobicity can be detrimental to the membranes’ performances. By modifying a membrane’s surface, it is possible to adapt its physicochemical properties and thus tune the membrane’s hydrophilicity or porosity, which can achieve improved permeability and antifouling efficiency. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) stands as a distinctive technology offering exceedingly even and uniform layers of coatings, like oxides that cover the surfaces of objects with three-dimensional (3D) shapes, porous struct

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25

Elam, Jeffrey W., Anil U. Mane, Rajesh Pathak, Vepa Rozyyev, and Rahul Shevate. "Chemical Vapor Functionalization of Polymer Membranes for Water Treatment." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 29 (2023): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02291496mtgabs.

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Polymer membranes are used extensively in water purification to filter and remove particulate and molecular contaminants. Ideally, these membranes should exhibit high permeance, selectivity, and fouling resistance, but these attributes are rarely achieved simultaneously. One approach to improve membrane performance is to modify the polymer using reactive chemical vapors to impart the desired physiochemical properties. In this presentation, I will describe recent work at Argonne using atomic layer deposition (ALD), sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS), and vapor-phase grafting to modify poly

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26

Chaudhary, Rimsha, Khadija Nawaz, Amna Komal Khan, Christophe Hano, Bilal Haider Abbasi, and Sumaira Anjum. "An Overview of the Algae-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications." Biomolecules 10, no. 11 (2020): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111498.

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Algae have long been exploited commercially and industrially as food, feed, additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizer, but now the trend is shifting towards the algae-mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). This trend is increasing day by day, as algae are a rich source of secondary metabolites, easy to cultivate, have fast growth, and are scalable. In recent era, green synthesis of NPs has gained widespread attention as a safe, simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly protocol. The secondary metabolites from algae reduce, cap, and stabilize the metal precurso

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Jain, A. "Algae-mediated synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles." Advances in Natural Sciences: Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 13, no. 4 (2022): 043001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/ac996a.

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Abstract In recent era, green trend of synthesising biogenic nanoparticles (NPs) is a sustainable, safe, environment-friendly, and relatively inexpensive substitute to conservative routes of NPs making. Biosynthesis route showcases significant properties such as the absence of poisonous chemical compounds used as stabilising or reducing agents, lack of toxic yields generated from the process, reduced energy consumption, inexpensiveness, and high scalability. This has made green synthesis methods more attractive than other traditional methods. Synthesis of nanomaterials (NMs) using algae extrac

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28

Bouzid, Habib, Murielle Rabiller-Baudry, Lydie Paugam, Florence Rousseau, Zoubir Derriche, and Nourre Eddine Bettahar. "Impact of zeta potential and size of caseins as precursors of fouling deposit on limiting and critical fluxes in spiral ultrafiltration of modified skim milks." Journal of Membrane Science 314, no. 1-2 (2008): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.01.028.

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Yin, Jun, Maria Fidalgo, and Baolin Deng. "Removal of NOMs by Carbon Nanotubes/Polysulfone Nanocomposite Hollow Fiber Membranes for the Control of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs)." Water 15, no. 11 (2023): 2054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15112054.

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It has been well established that natural organic matters (NOMs) are precursors for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water supplies, thus the removal of NOMs is often used as an effective approach to limit DBPs production. In this study, we evaluated the application of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OMWNTs)/polysulfone (PSU) nanocomposite hollow fiber membranes (HFM) for the removal of NOMs and its impact on the production of DBPs following water chlorination. Analysis of source water samples by fluorescence excitation/emission matrix (EEM) spectrometry ind

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Islam, AKM Azharul. "New wonder materials - exciting technological horizon." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 48, no. 1 (2024): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v48i1.73005.

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A significant advancement in materials science has been made with the 2D MXene nanomaterials that were etched from their parent 3D MAX phases. Layered ternary carbide, nitride, and boride compounds with the general formula Mn+1AXn (n=1,2, 3,4 ...) make up the 3D MAX phase materials, where A is an element of Group IIA or IIIA, M is an early transition metal, and X is either C, N, or B. MXene's chemical formula is Mn+1Xn, whereas that of the precursor is Mn+1AXn. The MAX materials have a distinct set of properties that are similar to those of metal and ceramic. They are helpful in the developmen

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Niemann, Hendrik, Andreas Marmann, Wenhan Lin, and Peter Proksch. "Sponge Derived Bromotyrosines: Structural Diversity through Natural Combinatorial Chemistry." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 1 (2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000143.

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Sponge derived bromotyrosines are a multifaceted class of marine bioactive compounds that are important for the chemical defense of sponges but also for drug discovery programs as well as for technical applications in the field of antifouling constituents. These compounds, which are mainly accumulated by Verongid sponges, exhibit a diverse range of bioactivities including antibiotic, cytotoxic and antifouling effects. In spite of the simple biogenetic building blocks, which consist only of brominated tyrosine and tyramine units, an impressive diversity of different compounds is obtained throug

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Shylaja Prakash, Nikhil, Peter Maurer, Harald Horn, Florencia Saravia, and Andrea Hille-Reichel. "Separation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Primary Sludge into a Particle-Free Permeate by Coupling Chamber Filter-Press and Cross-Flow Microfiltration: Optimization, Semi-Continuous Operation, and Evaluation." Membranes 15, no. 1 (2025): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15010022.

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are valuable metabolic intermediates that are produced during dark fermentation of sludge, which, when capitalized on, can be used as chemical precursors for biotechnological applications. However, high concentrations of solids with SCFAs in hydrolyzed sludge can be highly detrimental to downstream recovery processes. This pilot-scale study addresses this limitation and explores the recovery of SCFAs from primary sludge into a particle-free permeate through a combination of chamber filter-press (material: polyester; mesh size: 100 µm) and cross-flow microfiltrat

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Zahoor, Muhammad, Azmat Ullah, Sultan Alam, et al. "Novel Magnetite Nanocomposites (Fe3O4/C) for Efficient Immobilization of Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Solutions through Adsorption Pretreatment and Membrane Processes." Water 14, no. 5 (2022): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050724.

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The release of antibiotics into the aquatic environment enhances the drug resistance capabilities of microorganisms, as in large water reservoirs, their concentrations are lesser than their minimum bactericidal concentration, and microorganisms living there become resistant to such antibiotics. Therefore, robust hybrid technologies, comprising of efficient conventional adsorption processes and modern membranes processes, are needed to effectively remove such pollutants from industrial effluents. The present study is an attempt where iron-based magnetic carbon nanocomposites (Fe3O4/C) were prep

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Stokes, Malcolm Dale. "A Test of Sol–Gel Incorporation of Organic Compounds as Translucent, Marine Biofouling-Resistant Windows." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 4 (2023): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040733.

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Organic compounds, including antimicrobial agents azithromycin and hydrous allicin extracts, were sequestered in a silicate sol–gel matrix to function as a biofouling-resistant window for oceanographic instrumentation. The windows fabricated in this manner resisted the formation of microbial biofilms (the precursor to settlement of larger macro-fouling organisms) for up to a week and maintained low levels of fouling for 3 weeks, whereas bare glass substrates form biofilms within hours of seawater submersion. The technique shows promise for the construction of additional translucent solids and

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Varcoe, John, Rachida Bance-Souahli, Arup Chakraborty, et al. "The Latest Developments in Radiation-Grafted Anion-Exchange Polymer Electrolytes for Low Temperature Electrochemical Systems." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (2022): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351443mtgabs.

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Anion-exchange membranes (AEM) are being developed for use in electrochemical technologies including fuel cells (AEMFC),water electrolysis (AEMWE for green hydrogen), electrolysers for CO2 reduction (CO2RR), and reverse electrodialysis (RED). Radiation-grafted AEMs (RG-AEM) represent a promising class of AEM that can exhibit high conductivities (OH- conductivities of > 200 mS cm-1 at temperatures above 60 °C) and favourable in situ water transport characteristics). Hence, RG-AEMs have shown significant promise when tested in AEMFCs alongside powdered radiation-grafted anion-exchange ionomer

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Suhaimi, A., E. Mahmoudi, K. S. Siow, and M. F. Mohd Razip Wee. "Surface Modification of Polyamide Ultrafiltration Membrane by Plasma Polymerisation of Acrylic Acid." Sains Malaysiana 49, no. 12 (2020): 3043–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4912-17.

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Increase in hydrophilicity of the filtration membrane could attribute to the fouling reduction and overall filtration performance. In this study, we employ a surface modification on polyamide (PA) membrane by using plasma polymerization with acrylic acid as the precursor by varying the deposition time from 1 to 10 min to induce hydrophilic surface of the membrane without changing the bulk properties of PA membrane. Cross-flow filtration of humic acid using the modified PA membrane was conducted to measure permeates flux and rejection. We calculate the fouling tendencies of each membrane and th

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Su, Fei, Ying-Hua Li, Wen-He Deng, Hai-Bo Li, Lei Yang, and Tian-yu Chen. "Study on mitigating membrane fouling based on precursor and flocculant Alb matching in EC/O-UF system." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 9 (2019): 1715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.422.

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Abstract One of the effective ways to remove halogenated disinfection by-products (DBPs) from drinking water is the application of ultrafiltration technology. However, membrane fouling is an important factor affecting the service life and treatment effect. In this study, the electrocoagulation/oxidation-ultrafiltration (EC/O-UF) process was used to remove the precursor substance that produced DBPs, i.e. dissolved organic matters (DOMs). Operating parameters were optimized from the matching of different flocculant morphology to low concentration DOM. The degree of membrane fouling was character

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Kwon, Soomin, and Sanghun Park. "Predicting Salt Adsorption Capacity (SAC) and Membrane Fouling in Membrane Capacitive Deionization (MCDI) Using Machine Learning." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 67 (2024): 4604. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02674604mtgabs.

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Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an electrochemical technology that utilizes porous carbon electrodes to remove ionic substances. Ions from the solution are adsorbed during the charging stage and the adsorbed ions are desorbed during the discharging process, repeating the process to operate the system. To enhance ion removal capacity and prolong life of systems compared to CDI, membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) has been developed. MCDI includes both anion and cation exchange membranes to induce the co-ion expulsion effects during the discharging stage, thereby exhibiting superior ion ads

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Giacobbo, Alexandre, Andréa Moura Bernardes, Maria Filipe Rosa, and Maria de Pinho. "Concentration Polarization in Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration for the Recovery of Polyphenols from Winery Wastewaters." Membranes 8, no. 3 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8030046.

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Concentration polarization is intrinsically associated with the selective character of membranes and often means flux decline and which causes a subsequent decrease of ultrafiltration and nanofiltration performance. More important is the fact that it acts as a precursor of membrane fouling and creates severe fouling problems in the longer times range. The quantification of its dependence on the operating parameters of cross-flow velocities and transmembrane pressures makes recourse to the film theory to introduce mass-transfer coefficients that generally are calculated by dimensionless correla

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Mulinari, Jéssica, Diane Rigo, Carolina Elisa Demaman Oro, et al. "Multienzyme Immobilization on PVDF Membrane via One-Step Mussel-Inspired Method: Enhancing Fouling Resistance and Self-Cleaning Efficiency." Membranes 14, no. 10 (2024): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14100208.

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Immobilizing different enzymes on membranes can result in biocatalytic active membranes with a self-cleaning capacity toward a complex mixture of foulants. The membrane modification can reduce fouling and enhance filtration performance. Protease, lipase, and amylase were immobilized on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration membranes using a polydopamine coating in a one-step method. The concentrations of polydopamine precursor and enzymes were optimized during the immobilization. The higher hydrolytic activities were obtained using 0.2 mg/mL of dopamine hydrochloride and 4 mg/mL of

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Ahmad, Kim, Kim, and Kim. "Diethylene Glycol-Assisted Organized TiO2 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment Ceramic Membranes." Water 11, no. 4 (2019): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040750.

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A high-performance photocatalytic ceramic membrane was developed by direct growth of a TiO2 structure on a macroporous alumina support using a hydrothermal method. The morphological nanostructure of TiO2 on the support was successfully controlled via the interaction between the TiO2 precursor and a capping agent, diethylene glycol (DEG). The growth of anatase TiO2 nanorods was observed both on the membrane surface and pore walls. The well-organized nanorods TiO2 reduced the perturbation of the alumina support, thus controlling the hydrolysis rate of the TiO2 precursor and reducing membrane fou

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Ayu Lestari, Riani, Muthia Elma, Erdina Lulu Atika Rampun, et al. "Functionalization of Si-C Using TEOS (Tetra Ethyl Ortho Silica) as Precursor and Organic Catalyst." E3S Web of Conferences 148 (2020): 07008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014807008.

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Silica network was tailored configuring siloxane (Si-O-Si) and silanol (Si-OH) groups which are essential to produce porous-structured materials. As silanols are hydrophilic, react with water to form fouling. This research address to actualize strategy for synthesizing highly functionalized silica carbon (Si-C) using hybrid organic-inorganic structures as the primary method for improving hydro-stability by employing precursor TEOS and organic catalyst through a sol-gel process. Catalysis employs citric acid or citric acid-ammonia whereas carbon templated into silica network. The synthesis sche

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Gerasimova, Lidia G., Anatoly I. Nikolaev, Ekaterina S. Shchukina, et al. "Hydrochloric Acidic Processing of Titanite Ore to Produce a Synthetic Analogue of Korobitsynite." Minerals 9, no. 5 (2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050315.

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The modal composition of (apatite)-nepheline-titanite ore and its geological setting within apatite deposits of the Khibiny Massif allow selective mining of titanite ore and its hydrochloric acidic processing. The reaction of titanite with concentrated hydrochloric acid produces hydrated titanosilicate precipitate (TSP) which, in turn, can be a precursor in titanosilicate synthesis. It is particularly noteworthy that a synthetic analogue of korobitsynite, Na5(Ti3Nb)[Si4O12]2O2(OH)2·7H2O, was synthesized by means of TSP alteration by alkaline hydrothermal solution at 200 °C within three days. T

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Vena, Tabita Dwi, Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto, Risti Ragadhita, and Teguh Kurniawan. "DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS PbO PARTICLES." Jurnal Ilmiah Flash 8, no. 2 (2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32511/flash.v8i2.959.

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This study aims to develop and analyze the design of heat exchangers (HE) in the synthesis of PbO particles using a single precursor method. This type of HE shell and tube one-pass is designed to be simple. The specifications of HE equipment are shell length 1.5200 m, shell diameter 0.1361 m, outer tube diameter 0.0334 m, and thickness 0.0243 m. Then the calculation is done manually using the Microsoft Excel application. The results showed that the HE shell and tube design with the one pass type has a laminar flow, with an effective value of 84.66%. Therefore, this heat exchanger with shell an

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Cheng, Yi-Hsuan, Cheng-Ta Wu, and Lung-Hao Hu. "Dual functional low surface energy coating of anti-corrosion / fouling via crosslinking polysilazane preceramic precursor incorporated with fluorine." Progress in Organic Coatings 177 (April 2023): 107409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.107409.

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Thoutam, Pranav, Parvin Ahmadi Sefiddashti, Faizan Ahmad, et al. "Integration of Hydrate-Based Desalination (HBD) into Multistage Flash (MSF) Desalination as a Precursor: An Alternative Solution to Enhance MSF Performance and Distillate Production." Water 15, no. 3 (2023): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030596.

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This study considers the integration of multistage flash (MSF) desalination with hydrate-based desalination (HBD) precursor to improve MSF performance in terms of distillate production, longevity, and operational conditions. This is accomplished by a comprehensive analysis of the rate of scale formation, distillate production, and the MSF performance ratio by means of mathematical modelling conducted in Simulink software. To calibrate the effectiveness of HBD as precursor to the MSF desalination process, two MSF models were created: the once-through (OT) and brine recycle (BR) configurations.

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Deng, Ai Hua, Hui Min Huang, and Wen Jin Ji. "Influence of Magnetic Field on Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in the Presence of Foreign Ions." Advanced Materials Research 554-556 (July 2012): 649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.554-556.649.

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In this paper, the effect of the adjustable permanent magnetic field with the maximum magnetic flux density as 4100mT on the calcium carbonate(CaCO3) precipitation process was investigated from hard water in the absence and in the presence of foreign ions Al3+、Fe2+、Mg2+、SO42+. By changing the strength of the magnetic field, the fouling resistance efficiency, the total CaCO3precipitation and precipitation in the bulk solution were determined by measurement of the mass of CaCO3precipitation, and the polymorph composition of CaCO3precipitated in bulk solution and particle size fouling on the load

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Goyat, Rohit, Yajvinder Saharan, Joginder Singh, Ahmad Umar, and Sheikh Akbar. "Synthesis of Graphene-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Remediation Applications: A Review." Molecules 27, no. 19 (2022): 6433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196433.

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The term graphene was coined using the prefix “graph” taken from graphite and the suffix “-ene” for the C=C bond, by Boehm et al. in 1986. The synthesis of graphene can be done using various methods. The synthesized graphene was further oxidized to graphene oxide (GO) using different methods, to enhance its multitude of applications. Graphene oxide (GO) is the oxidized analogy of graphene, familiar as the only intermediate or precursor for obtaining the latter at a large scale. Graphene oxide has recently obtained enormous popularity in the energy, environment, sensor, and biomedical fields an

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Wu, Junhui, Zhi Wang, Wentao Yan, Yao Wang, Jixiao Wang, and Shichang Wang. "Improving the hydrophilicity and fouling resistance of RO membranes by surface immobilization of PVP based on a metal-polyphenol precursor layer." Journal of Membrane Science 496 (December 2015): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2015.08.044.

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Giacobbo, Alexandre, Elisa Veridiani Soares, Andréa Moura Bernardes, Maria João Rosa, and Maria Norberta de Pinho. "Atenolol removal by nanofiltration: a case-specific mass transfer correlation." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 2 (2020): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.073.

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Abstract Concentration polarization is a phenomenon inherent to membrane separation operations and as a precursor of membrane fouling is frequently related to the decrease in the performance of these operations. In the present work, a case-specific mass transfer correlation was developed to assess the concentration polarization when nanofiltration, in different operating conditions, was applied to treat a pharmaceutical wastewater containing atenolol. NF runs with two membranes, two atenolol concentrations and three feed circulating velocities were conducted, and the corresponding experimental

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