Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fouling-release

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Fouling-release'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Fouling-release"

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Brady, Robert F. "Fouling-release Coatings for Warships." Defence Science Journal 55, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.55.1971.

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Brady, Robert F., and Irwin L. Singer. "Mechanical factors favoring release from fouling release coatings." Biofouling 15, no. 1-3 (May 2000): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010009386299.

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Mo, Yanqiang, Peihong Xue, Qiang Yang, Hao Liu, Xu Zhao, Jiaqi Wang, Meihua Jin, and Yuhong Qi. "Composite Slow-Release Fouling Release Coating Inspired by Synergistic Anti-Fouling Effect of Scaly Fish." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162602.

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Inspired by the antifouling properties of scaly fish, the conventional silicone coating with phenylmethylsilicone oil (PSO/PDMS) composite coating was fabricated and modified with single layer polystyrene (PS) microsphere (PSO/PDMS-PS) arrays. The fish scale like micro-nano structures were fabricated on the surface of bio-inspired coating, which can reduce the contact area with the secreted protein membrane of fouling organisms effectively and prevent further adhesion between fouling organisms and bio-inspired coating. Meanwhile, PSO exuded to the coating surface has the similar function with mucus secreted by fish epidermis, which make the coating surface slithery and will be polished with the fouling organisms in turbulent waters. Compared to PSO/PDMS coating without any structure and conventional silicone coating, PSO/PDMS-PS showed better antiadhesion activity against both marine bacteria and benthic diatom (Navicula sp.). Additionally, the existence of PS microspheres can reduce the release rate of PSO greatly, which will extend the service life of coating. Compared to PSO/PDMS coating, the sustained release efficiency of PSO/PDMS-PS coating can reach 23.2%. This facile method for fabricating the bio-inspired composite slow-release antifouling coating shows a widely fabricating path for the development of synergistic anti-fouling coating.
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Xu, Binbin, Yajing Liu, Xiaowen Sun, Jianhua Hu, Ping Shi, and Xiaoyu Huang. "Semifluorinated Synergistic Nonfouling/Fouling-Release Surface." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 19 (May 2, 2017): 16517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b03258.

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Bodkhe, Rajan B., Shane J. Stafslien, Justin Daniels, Nicholas Cilz, Andrew J. Muelhberg, Stephanie E. M. Thompson, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Callow, and Dean C. Webster. "Zwitterionic siloxane-polyurethane fouling-release coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 78 (January 2015): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.07.011.

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Howell, Caitlin, Thy L. Vu, Jennifer J. Lin, Stefan Kolle, Nidhi Juthani, Emily Watson, James C. Weaver, Jack Alvarenga, and Joanna Aizenberg. "Self-Replenishing Vascularized Fouling-Release Surfaces." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 15 (July 23, 2014): 13299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am503150y.

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Liu, Lin, Zi Jie Li, Sen Sun, Ting You, Xiao Tong Qi, and Kai Song. "Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Hydrogel-Based Fouling Release Coating." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1539.

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With the rapid development of marine transportation industry, biological fouling not only affects the speed of navigation but also highly increases fuel consumption. In the paper, a novel hydrogel-based fouling release coating is developed to address the issue by a combination of non-stick property with a low surface tension of the coating. A hydrogel-based silicone fouling release coating was synthesized and two kinds of different intermediate coatings were studied to give a proper match as the tie layer between the substrate coated with primer and the hydrogel silicone on the surface. The adhesion strength, surface tension as well as surface topography of the fouling release coating were studied. The corrosion resistance and anti-fouling performance of the substrates sprayed with the coating were characterized by salt spray test and immersion test in a simulated marine system. The results show that the adhesion between the substrate and the fouling release coating is grade two measured by grid test. The water contact angle of the coating is 104.8o and Rz of the coating is 10.71μm. The specimen is intact after 1000 hours under salt spray test. No diatom was found settled on the specimens in a simulated static marine system while a little diatom was observed on the specimens in a simulated dynamic marine system. It has been found that the intermediate coating comprising of epoxy resin gives proper match between the primer and the fouling release coating consisting of PDMS resin. The coating exhibits superior anti-fouling performance under stationary state.
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Chen, Runze, Qingyi Xie, Haohang Zeng, Chunfeng Ma, and Guangzhao Zhang. "Non-elastic glassy coating with fouling release and resistance abilities." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 1 (2020): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta09794e.

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Carl, C., A. J. Poole, M. J. Vucko, M. R. Williams, S. Whalan, and R. de Nys. "Enhancing the efficacy of fouling-release coatings against fouling byMytilus galloprovincialisusing nanofillers." Biofouling 28, no. 10 (October 2012): 1077–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2012.728588.

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Zhang, Runnan, Yafei Li, Yanlei Su, Xueting Zhao, Yanan Liu, Xiaochen Fan, Tianyi Ma, and Zhongyi Jiang. "Engineering amphiphilic nanofiltration membrane surfaces with a multi-defense mechanism for improved antifouling performances." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 20 (2016): 7892–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02885c.

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Amphiphilic nanofiltration membrane surfaces with a multi-defense (hydrophilic fouling-resistant and hydrophobic fouling-release) mechanism were engineered and exhibited improved antifouling performances against various foulants.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fouling-release"

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Hu, Zhaokang DeSimone Joseph M. "Novel perfluoropolyethers as fouling-release coatings." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2561.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry." Discipline: Chemistry; Department/School: Chemistry.
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Coward, Rebecca L. "Preventing marine biofouling : the fouling-release-coating approach." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419043.

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The unwanted build up of fouling organisms on immersed structures has been a problem that has been addressed over the years in many different ways, from tar and pitch on the hulls of vessels to various toxin based ablative coatings and most recently, foul-release coatings that present a non stick surface to which organisms can not adhere strongly. These foul-release coatings have been relatively successful and further investigation into the formulation of siloxane based coatings is a environmentally acceptable and commercially viable concept. The significance of the hydrophilicity of a range of cured siloxane polymers upon the attachment of marine fouling species is presented. The polymers were synthesised from polymethylhydrosiloxane (PDHS) with the grafting of hydrophilic ethoxy based, linear chains of various lengths. Following cross linking, films of these materials were characterised by Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Infrared (lR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle goniometry, topography, thermal analysis, sorption of water, force of adhesion and nano-indentation. The films were tested by bacterial growth and attachment studies, the growth and attachment of various algal propagules and also by static raft trials. Results suggest that there is a maximum hydrophilic content possible when investigating these coatings, due to the intake of water molecules, which causes swelling and subsequent degradation of the stability of the coating. The optimum hydrophilic content for achieving minimum adhesion of fouling organisms was unclear, however, trends in experimental data were identified. The bacterial attachment and growth studies conducted upon Fucus propagules indicated an increase in growth upon the PMHS polymers with the addition of3-{2-[2-(2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]ethoxy}- propene groups, while the Sargassum propagules illustrated a reduction in growth during the same conditions. Ulva and Enteromorpha propagules showed no visible trends in growth upon the coatings tested. The surface energy and adhesion results illustrate that the PDMS with 3-{2-[2- (2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-propene groups were the most adhesive of the coatings teste4 (14.9 oN in comparison to 3-9 oN) but possessed the lowest surface energy (22.46 mJ m2 ). In exposure trials over a 10 month period, the peroxide cured coatings out performed the other curing systems tested, however the colonisation of the range of polymers was inconclusive.
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Sommer, Stacy Ann. "Siloxane-Polyurethane Fouling-Release Coatings Based On PDMS Macromers." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29313.

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Marine biofouling is the accumulation of organisms onto surfaces immersed in sea water. Fouling of ships causes an increase in hydrodynamic drag which leads to performance issues such as increased fuel consumption and a reduced top operating speed. Fouling-release (FR) coatings are one way that paints have been used in combating biofouling by allowing for the easy removal of settled organisms. Traditional FR coatings are silicone elastomers which are soft, easily damaged, and require a tie coat for adhesion to marine primers. Siloxanepolyurethane FR coatings have shown promise as FR coatings, providing enhanced durability and toughness, better adhesion to marine primers, and comparable FR performance to commercial coatings. Preliminary studies were conducted to explore the use of PDMS macromers in the preparation of siloxane-polyurethane FR coatings. Attachment and removal of fouling organisms on the siloxane-polyurethane coatings based on PDMS macromers was comparable to commercial FR coatings. Extended water aging was also carried out to determine effects of extended water immersion on the fouling-release performance of the coatings. At up to four weeks of aging, the FR performance of the coatings was not affected. Static immersion marine field testing was performed to determine the fouling-release performance of siloxane-polyurethane coatings prepared with PDMS macromers. The performance was found to be comparable to commercial FR coatings for up to one year, including water jet removal of slimes, barnacle push-off removal, and soft sponging. The coatings showed good fouling-release performance until extremely heavy fouling was allowed to settle. Underwater hull cleaning was conducted for one siloxane-polyurethane composition identified as a top performer from static field testing. The coating was easily cleaned of fouling with rotating brushes for six months. The cleaning capability of the coating was reduced when large barnacles and other extremely heavy fouling was present. A commercial FR coating became heavily damaged with brush cleaning while the siloxane-polyurethane coating remained mostly undamaged. With more frequent cleaning, it is suspected that siloxanepolyurethane coatings would show cleaning capability for longer periods of time. Pigmentation of siloxane-polyurethane coatings based on difunctional PDMS and PDMS macromers was explored to investigate the effect on FR performance. Pigmentation with titanium dioxide caused a slight decrease in FR performance in some cases, but this was easily overcome by the addition of slightly more PDMS in the coating binder, thus illustrating the feasibility of siloxane-polyurethane coatings as effective, pigmented FR coatings. Finally, the exploration of unique PDMS polymer architectures has been explored for the development of additional, novel, fouling-release coatings. The incorporation of end-functional PDMS homopolymer molecular brushes and branched PDMS macromers into siloxane-polyurethane fouling-release coatings shows promise for the development of unique coatings where improved FR performance may be obtained.
Office of Naval Research (U.S.)
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Rahimi, Alireza. "Investigation of Novel Approaches for Improved Amphiphilic Fouling-Release Coatings." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/32075.

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Marine biofouling has troubled mankind, both environmentally and economically, since they set sail, resulting in many undesired consequences such as increased drag, reduced maneuverability, increased fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and heightened maintenance costs. This problem is highly complex as it involves more than 4000 marine organisms with varying modes of adhesion and surface preferences as well as many aquatic environments. The common state-of-the-art approaches to contend with marine biofouling on the submerged surfaces of ships in seawater has antifouling (AF) and fouling-release (FR) surfaces. As AF coating systems utilize biocides which are often toxic to the environment to prevent settlement of biofoulants, the endeavors have been shifted towards non-toxic FR marine system. Many FR systems take advantage of low surface energy and modulus polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on their surface, while the recent attempts explored the simultaneous effect of PDMS and hydrophilic moieties (i.e. polyethylene glycol (PEG) or zwitterionic polymers) on an FR surface, known as amphiphilic surfaces. Thus, the work in this dissertation focused on attaining amphiphilic surfaces with desirable FR performance. The studies in this dissertation were investigated to deliver two goals: 1) Enhancing the (FR) fouling-release performance of previously developed coating systems; 2) Introducing novel fouling-release marine coatings with set criteria. To address the former, a series of amphiphilic additives containing PDMS and hydrophilic polymers (zwitterionic-based or PEG) were prepared in chapters two-five. These additives were incorporated in several previously developed FR coating systems in order to modify their surfaces and enhance their FR performance. To address the latter, two amphiphilic marine coating systems were explored for accessing durable, non-toxic, and effective FR surfaces using epoxy-amine crosslinking chemistry. Overall, the studies in this dissertation not only demonstrated viable FR surfaces with desirable performance against several representative marine organisms such as N. incerta, U. linza, C. lytica, barnacles, and mussels but also contributed a deeper understanding about the effect of amphiphilicity concentration/balance on surface and FR properties.
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Pade, Madhura. "Fouling Release Marine Coatings: Effect of Surface Abrasions on Fouling Release Performance of Self-Stratified Siloxane-Polyurethane Coatings and Novel Isocyanate-Free Glycidyl Carbamate Technologies." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26495.

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Marsh, David James. "Controlled release elastomer systems as cladding materials resistant to marine fouling." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238152.

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Galhenage, Teluka Pasan. "Surface Optimization of Siloxane-Polyurethane Marine Coatings for Improved Fouling-Release Properties." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29092.

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Biofouling has been an economically and environmentally costly problem to mankind ever since they set sail. Biofouling causes frictional drag leading to slow vessel speeds, and increased fuel costs. Antifouling (AF) coatings containing biocides have been used for decades, however, since some biocides have shown undesired effects towards the environment, a non-toxic solution to combat fouling is desired. Subsequently, fouling release (FR) coatings quickly gained acceptance as a non-toxic approach to contend with biofouling. Unlike AF coatings, FR coatings not necessarily prevent settlement of organisms, they permit weak adhesion which is easily released by water shear or light grooming. The siloxane-polyurethane (SiPU) coatings based on the concept of self-stratification is a non-toxic and durable approach to prepare FR coatings. In this work, several approaches were considered to optimize surface properties of SiPU coatings. Incorporation of phenyl-methyl silicone oils led to improved FR properties towards several marine organisms in laboratory assays and in ocean field immersion. Enhancement in FR properties may be attributed to slowly exuding silicone oil providing surface lubricity, weakening the adhesion of marine organisms. Addition of diphenyldimethyl siloxane in to SiPU coatings at different ratios resulted in micro-scale surface topographical features which negatively affected microfouling-release while several coatings displayed good FR performance towards macrofouling organisms. In another study, decreasing the acid group content helped to improve FR performance towards barnacles, but FR performance towards diatoms were compromised. Novel amphiphilic siloxane-polyurethane (AmSiPU) coatings from polyisocyanate pre-polymers modified with polydimethyl siloxane and polyethylene glycol displayed excellent FR properties towards several marine organisms during laboratory assays. These AmSiPU coatings show promise as contenders to commercial FR standards. Initial development of SiPU coatings with hydrophilic surfaces showed promise, as the coatings showed rapidly rearranging surfaces with comparable FR performance to commercial standards which claim hydrophilic surface properties. During freshwater field immersion trials, SiPU coatings displayed excellent mussel FR performance up to 3 years. Surface analysis suggested that solvent content affected self-stratification and morphology of SiPU coatings. The SiPU coating system is a highly tunable, tough, environmentally friendly, and practical FR solution which can evolve along with non-toxic commercial marine coatings.
Office of Naval Research (Grant number N00014-12-1-0482)
SSPC
Valpar
American Coatings Association
North Dakota State University. College of Science and Mathematics
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Martin, Rebecca. "The adhesion of the barnacle Elminius modestus (Darwin) to fouling-release coatings." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3855.

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The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential of Elminius modestus (= Austrominius modestus) for evaluating the performance of fouling-release (FR) coatings. A secondary aim was to explore how the membranous-basis of this species influences the fracture mechanics and release from FR coatings in comparison to Balanus amphitrite (= Amphibalanus amphitrite), a barnacle with a calcareous-basis and widely adopted as a model for antifouling and FR studies. The critical removal stress (CRS) − the force required to remove fouling organisms, normalised by contact area − is a standard measure to evaluate FR coatings using either barnacles with calcareous-bases or metal studs (‘pseudobarnacles’). Testing FR coatings against a diverse range of fouling organisms is necessary to evaluate the global effectiveness of a coating. The percentage settlement of cyprids, growth rate, and CRS of laboratory-cultured barnacles were evaluated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) standard coatings (Silastic T-2 and Sylgard 184). The percentage settlement on the PDMS coatings between the two species did not significantly differ, however, there were differences in the growth rate and CRS. When grown on Silastic T-2 and Sylgard 184 and fed Tetraselmis suecica algae, E. modestus grew at a faster rate than that of B. amphitrite. There was also a significant coating effect on the growth of E. modestus with barnacles on Sylgard 184 growing to larger size than those grown on Silastic T-2. The CRS of E. modestus was less than that for B. amphitrite but only for the coating Sylgard 184. Using high-speed photography, the separation processes of E. modestus and B amphitrite, from Silastic T-2 and Sylgard 184 coatings was observed. Four distinct separation patterns were characterised; lift, peel, adjacent peel and twist. These were based on the location of the initial separation and direction of propagating instabilities in respect to the direction of detachment force. The observed differences in the separation patterns between species may have more to do with the variations in shape and structure of the barnacle shell than to the type of basis. However, the flexibility of the membranous-basis of E. modestus was important for the propagation of the fracture as it hindered the formation of fingering instabilities as they progressed through the adhesive interface. The bulk properties of five polysiloxanes and three fluoropolymers were modified by changing the polymer chain length and cross-linker density, which provided coatings with a modulus ranging from 0.31 to 19.73 MPa. These were used to investigate whether laboratory assays were a good predictor of a coatings performance in the field, in terms of settlement/recruitment and CRS. Two field populations (Fairlie Quay and Burnham-on-Crouch) over two years (2010 and 2011) were compared to a laboratory culture of E. modestus barnacles. There were similarities between the laboratory settlement/field recruitment and CRS of E. modestus from the two field populations and the laboratory culture across the eight coatings. This made it possible to discriminate between the coatings. Although, the CRS measurements did significantly differ between locations and years, where the general pattern from highest to lowest in terms of CRS between the locations was Fairlie Quay > laboratory > Burnham-on-Crouch. These eight coatings were also used to investigate the degree in which the elastic modulus of a coating can influence the CRS of E. modestus, compared to the CRS of B. amphitrite. The regression analysis confirmed that as the modulus increases the CRS for both species increases. There were marked differences in the removal of barnacles from the high modulus fluoropolymers. B. amphitrite, unlike E. modestus, failed to detach and left the basis on the coating’s surface. As E. modestus can differentiate between the coatings in terms of FR efficacy and was amenable to laboratory culture with a comparable growth rate to B. amphitrite, this species is recommended as an additional model for FR studies.
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Afsar, Anisul Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Settlement of marine fouling organisms in response to novel antifouling coatings." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40927.

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Surfaces submerged in marine environments rapidly get colonized by marine organisms, a process known as biofouling. Fouling costs maritime industries billions of dollars annually. The most common methods of combating marine biofouling are toxin containing antifouling coatings which often have detrimental non-target environmental effects. These effects and proposed bans on harmful substances in antifouling coatings, mandates development of more environmentally friendly antifouling technologies. Of these, foul-release coatings, which minimize attachment and adhesion of fouling organisms (rather than killing them) are promising alternatives. Here I explored the utility of petroleum waxes as novel antifouling/foul-release coatings. I first investigated the responses of propagules (larvae or spores) of six common fouling organisms to wax coatings in the laboratory. A wide variation in the response of these different organisms, and in the different types of response (settlement, adhesion, etc.) by the same organism, was observed, but the most inhibitory coatings were those made from microcrystalline wax and silicone oil. However, in field trials in Sydney Harbour, paraffin waxes had the strongest antifouling performance, with activity up to one year (the trial duration). These waxes also had strong foul-release effects, with fouling that did attach mostly removed by a low pressure water jet. Composition of fouling communities on paraffin waxes differed significantly from other waxes or controls, with little or no hard fouling organisms (barnacles, bivalves) on paraffin. The mechanisms of antifouling and foul-release actions of paraffin waxes appear to be due to changes in surface properties. The surfaces of the paraffin waxes changed noticeably after 4 - 8 weeks immersion in the sea or in seawater aquaria. Antibiotic treatments showed that this change in surface appearance was due to biological (microbial) activity. Bacteria appear to remove the amorphous phase from the surface of the paraffin waxes, revealing an underlying crystalline phase, which is less affected by bacterial action. I suggest that these crystals form a microstructured ?bed of nails? of crystals of varying shapes and sizes which inhibit settlement and reduce adhesion strength of those organisms which do settle.
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Williams, G. D. "Physicochemical aspects of the release of biocidal compounds from elastomer formulations resistant to marine fouling." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370772.

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Books on the topic "Fouling-release"

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Marsh, David James. Controlled release elastomer systems as cladding materials resistant to marine fouling. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Polytechnic, Dept. of Chemistry, 1990.

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LeBlanc, A. R. Fouling organisms in a mussel cultivation bay: Their effect on nutrient uptake and release. St. John's, Nfld: Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans, Science Branch, 1999.

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Williams, Gareth David. Physicochemical aspects of the release of biocidal compounds from elastomer formulations resistant to marine fouling. Portsmouth: Portsmouth Polytechnic, Dept. of Chemistry, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fouling-release"

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Jiang, Zhongyi, Xueting Zhao, Jinming Peng, Yanlei Su, and Hong Wu. "Fouling Release." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 815–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1282.

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Jiang, Zhongyi, Xueting Zhao, Jinming Peng, Yanlei Su, and Hong Wu. "Fouling Release." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1282-5.

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Jiang, Zhongyi, Xueting Zhao, Jinming Peng, Yanlei Su, and Hong Wu. "Fouling Release Membranes." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 816–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_1283.

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Jiang, Zhongyi, Xueting Zhao, Jinming Peng, Yanlei Su, and Hong Wu. "Fouling Release Membranes." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1283-5.

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Majumdar, Partha, Abdullah Ekin, and Dean C. Webster. "Thermoset Siloxane—Urethane Fouling Release Coatings." In ACS Symposium Series, 61–75. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0957.ch005.

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Callow, Maureen E., James A. Callow, Sheelagh Conlan, Anthony S. Clare, and Shane Stafslien. "Efficacy testing of nonbiocidal and fouling-release coatings." In Biofouling Methods, 291–316. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118336144.ch10.

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Chisholm, Bret J., David A. Christianson, Shane J. Stafslien, Christy Gallagher-Lein, and Justin Daniels. "Novel, Environmentally Friendly, Antifouling/Fouling Release Coatings Developed Using Combinatorial Methods." In ACS Symposium Series, 127–41. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1002.ch006.

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Thomas, Johnson, Renae Fjeldheim, Seok-Bong Choi, and Philip Boudjouk. "Silicone Polymers with Biocide Grafting for Antifouling/Fouling Release Coatings: Effect of Modulus on Antifouling Performance." In ACS Symposium Series, 43–59. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0957.ch004.

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Qiu, H., I. Hölken, A. Gapeeva, R. Adelung, and M. Baum. "Static Versus Novel Dynamic Biofouling-Testing of Fouling-Release Coatings for Marine Applications: Pros and Cons." In IFMBE Proceedings, 779–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31866-6_138.

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Townsin, R. L., and C. D. Anderson. "Fouling control coatings using low surface energy, foul release technology." In Advances in Marine Antifouling Coatings and Technologies, 693–708. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845696313.4.693.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fouling-release"

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Radenovic, Jakov, Kim Flugt Sørensen, Anders Blom, and Dorthe Hillerup. "Fusion of Biocide and Hydrogel-based Technologies Impact on Biofouling Prevention." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-p19.

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Environmental protection concerns continue to drive the coatings industry to seek innovative and efficient solutions to problems that arise from biofouling on ship-hulls. Fouling Release coatings have historically been biocide-free due to a very limited effect of the biocides. This paper describes the introduction of biocides with hydrogel into Fouling Release technology. By fusing hydrogel-based Fouling Release technology with less than 5%w of the biocides used in conventional antifouling coatings, an antifouling performance exceeding that of conventional antifouling coatings, as well as state of the art Fouling Release coatings has been achieved. It is shown that the biocide release rate from the new technology does not depend on speed for velocities ranging between 0.2 and 20 knots (0.37 –37 km/h). However, at increasing temperatures, the biocide release rate increases, thereby matching the increase in fouling pressure. Taking together, the very long-term antifouling performance of the biocide-activated hydrogel, the fuel-efficiency of the binder system, the efficient utilization of biocides even at high speeds and low temperature, it is concluded the technology described here is both the most efficient and environmentally friendly Fouling Control coating available.
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Gapeeva, Anna, Iris Holken, Rainer Adelung, and Martina Baum. "Characterization of a polydimethylsiloxane-polythiourethane polymer blend with potential as fouling-release coating." In 2017 IEEE 7th International Conference "Nanomaterials: Application & Properties" (NAP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nap.2017.8190200.

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Phillips, David C. "Underwater Ship Hull Coating Systems Long-term Degradation, Causes and Solutions." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2013-p20.

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A relatively undocumented, though well-known, problem associated with the generally prevalent antifouling and fouling release underwater ship hull coatings can be termed “long-term paint degradation.” This problem can result in a fuel penalty of 25-40% on a hull that has not been fully blasted and recoated for 10-15 years. This paper examines the causes of and solutions to this problem.
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Karg, Dale C., John M. Burns, and Michael C. Catapano. "Application of the New ASME Performance Test Code on Steam Surface Condensers PTC 12.2-1998." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40107.

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The Performance Test Code on Steam Surface Condensers underwent a major revision in 1998 with the release of ASME PTC 12.2 - 1998, “Performance Test Code on Steam Surface Condensers”. One of the improvements over the previous code revisions was the development of a new method for determining or estimating tube bundle fouling. Instrumentation has been developed to apply the new methods and was used in a test program on a recently retubed condenser. This paper describes the testing program initiated by Santee Cooper at the Winyah Generating Station where a successful attempt to utilize the guidelines established by the new Code were carried out. The objectives of our testing program were to: • Evaluate the data collected from the instrumentation developed to determine tube bundle fouling. • Propose methods for utilizing the new instrumentation to evaluate tube bundle fouling over time. • Compare the results of the test to design based on the Heat Exchange Institute Standards for Steam Surface Condensers (HEI) [2]. The initial results of the program demonstrate a good correlation between the actual versus projected condenser performance and tube bundle fouling by employing the methodology outlined in ASME PTC 12.2 - 1998. Santee Copper’s retubed condenser provided an excellent opportunity for the application of the new test code since the condition of the replacement heat transfer surface was known as “virtually clean”. The purpose of the testing was solely for investigative and information purposes as there was no performance “acceptance” criteria placed on the retubing project.
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van Eyk, Philip, Nicholas Syred, Wong Chong, Graham Nathan, Zeyad Alwahabi, T. Gralton, and A. Griffiths. "Studies of the Release of Sodium from Pulverised Coal in a Flat Flame Burner and Implications for Slagging and Fouling in Boilers and Furnaces." In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-378.

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Renger, Stefan, Sören Alt, Wolfgang Kästner, André Seeliger, and Daniel Fiss. "Investigation of Conditions for Zinc Particle Release and Transport in the Reactor Core." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16218.

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Background of the experimental and methodical work is a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). During LOCA, both the leakage water jet as well as the water in the containment can lead to corrosion of galvanized installations (e.g. grates). That means a change of consistency and chemical properties of the coolant water during the sump recirculation operation, in particular an increase of the zinc concentration (Zn2+ ions in dissolution) and the pH-value. Furthermore, it leads to separation of layer-forming zinc compounds (e.g. zinc borate) at hotspots (fouling at fuel assemblies) and/or the crystallization of zinc corrosion products out of the coolant in hot areas [HOF10]. This in turn causes a decrease of pH-value and, consequently, an increase of the corrosiveness of the coolant flow. This can come along with a chemical transformation of zinc borate to nearly indissoluble zinc oxide by thermo hydrolysis. Spalling parts of the coating on the surface of the fuel rods could lead to the release of particles into coolant water flow. In combination with the release of fibrous insulation material, which can be transported into the reactor containment, containment building sump and connected systems, this process causes pressure build-ups at the strainers and the spacers of the fuel assemblies and a reduction of the pump performance. In this case, efficient heat dissipation cannot be guaranteed. In a joint research project between the Institute of Process Technology, Process Automation and Measuring Technology (IPM) of University Zittau/Goerlitz and the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), the influence of different boundary conditions like the flow structures in the reactor pressure vessel, temperature distributions and the temperature gradient in the central core regions will be investigated. Therefore, in a final step a test facility containing a 3×3 heated fuel rod dummy configuration was designed and constructed. The design and development of the test facility was accompanied by pre-test calculations and CFD simulations to get information about local surface and fluid temperatures under different flow conditions.
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Mueller, Christian, Dan Lundmark, Bengt-Johan Skrifvars, Rainer Backman, Maria Zevenhoven, and Mikko Hupa. "CFD Based Ash Deposition Prediction in a BFB Firing Mixtures of Peat and Forest Residue." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-102.

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Fuels currently used for energy production in thermal power plants are characterized by their huge variety ranging from fossil fuels to biomass and waste. This multitude of fuels offers opportunities to the energy industry and nowadays many power plants do not fire either of these fuels but mixtures of them are burnt. While this procedure may lead to overall economic and environmental advantages it is very demanding for the boiler operators to still meet expectations concerning boiler performance, boiler availability and emission regulations. In the course of this latest trend in boiler operation, ash related operational problems such as slagging, fouling and corrosion are ranking very high on the list of reasons leading to significant reduction of boiler availability. Ash related problems strongly dependent on fuel specific aspects, such as the mineral matter distribution in the fuel, aspects specific to the used combustion technique as well as design aspects unique for the combustion chamber of any operating power plant. The overall goal in combustion related research is therefore the prediction of potential operational problems originating from fuel streams entering the combustion chamber as well as those originating from the design of individual furnaces. In our earlier work we have strongly focused on developing an advanced ash behavior prediction tool for biomass combustion combining computational fluid dynamic calculations (CFD) and advanced fuel analysis. In this paper the tool is applied to analyze the slagging and fouling tendency in a 295 MW bubbling fluidized bed boiler fired with mixtures of peat and forest residue. In addition to the overall deposition prediction this work focuses on details of the models used in the computational fluid dynamic calculations. These include a study on the importance of the accurate description of the fuel feeding system and related to this aspect the advanced description of the bubbling bed with regard to release of primary gas and ash particles from its surface to the freeboard. Evaluation of the predictions comparing simulation results with deposits on the furnace walls show good agreement.
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Xinglei, Hu. "Experiment and Mechanism Study on the Effect of Coal Ash on the Capture of Alkali Metals in Zhundong Coal." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3570.

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A large number of Xinjiang Zhundong coal was found in China. Its high content of alkali metals can cause serious fouling/slagging problems which may lead to economic losses. It is significant to control the release of alkali metals from Zhundong coal during the combustion. Si-Al additives are used to capture Na released from the Zhundong coal. In this work, a combination of experimental research and quantum chemical calculation was used to study the effect of coal ash on the capture of alkali metal in Zhundong high alkali Coal and the related mineral evolution mechanism during melting processes. The experiments were done with Zhundong coal/coal ash mixtures at 900–1200°C. The behavior mechanism of coal ash capturing alkali metals was analyzed from the perspective of mineral microstructure features by using XRD, ICP and quantum chemical calculation methods. The results show that during the process of combustions, complex chemical reactions occur among minerals after sodium is released from the coal and captured by the coal ash. The coal ash’s ability to capture sodium in Zhundong high alkali coal rises firstly, and then gradually decreases with the rise of temperature. It shows the best capture performance for sodium at 1000∼1100°C. The maximum efficiency of sodium absorption can reach to 50.6%. The coal ash shows a rather high efficiency compared with other additives. Furthermore, metals in Zhundong coal have opposite directions of migration. The Na, K, Al, Ca, and Mg migrated to the coal ash far away from the reaction interface, and the Fe and Mn were moved to the coal from the reaction interface. The original minerals of Zhundong coal mainly include calcium sulfate hydrate, quartz and kaolinite. Investigating the capture mechanism, it indicates that O (26) and O (22) in kaolinite have electrophilic reaction with Na+ and K+ easily, which would promote the rupture of aluminum-oxygen bonds. The O2- of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide would easily have nucleophilic reaction with Si (6) and Si (8) and prompt the rupture of bridging oxygen bonds (Si-O-Si). Kaolinite would be transformed into some other minerals that contains Na+ or K+ which have trend to form eutectics or evaporate into the flue gas easily, the degree of fouling and slagging on heating surface can be reduced based on these two most easily reaction paths.
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Fantozzi, Francesco, Paolo Laranci, Michele Bianchi, Andrea De Pascale, Michele Pinelli, and Margherita Cadorin. "CFD Simulation of a Microturbine Annular Combustion Chamber Fuelled With Methane and Biomass Pyrolysis Syngas: Preliminary Results." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60030.

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Micro gas turbines could be profitably used, for distributed energy production, also exploiting low calorific value biomass-derived fuels, obtained by means of integrated pyrolysis and/or gasification processes. These synthesis gases show significant differences with respect to natural gas (in terms of composition, low calorific value, hydrogen content, tar and particulate matter content) that may turn into ignition problems, combustion instabilities, difficulties in emission control and fouling. CFD simulation of the combustion chamber is a key instrument to identify main criticalities arising when using these gases, in order to modify existing geometries and to develop new generation combustion chambers for use with low calorific value gases. This paper describes the numerical activity carried out to analyze the combustion process occurring inside an existing microturbine annular combustor. A CFD study of the combustion process performed with different computational codes is introduced and some preliminary results are reported in the paper. A comparison of results obtained with the different codes is provided, for the reference case of methane combustion. A first evaluation of the pollutant emissions and a comparison with the available experimental data is also provided in the paper, showing in particular a good matching of experimental data on NOx emissions at different load conditions. Moreover, the carried out investigation concerns the case of operation with a syngas fuel derived from pyrolysis of biomass and finally the case of syngas and natural gas co-firing. This combustion condition is simulated with a simple reduced chemical kinetic scheme, in order to assess only the key issues rising with this fuel in comparison with the case of methane combustion. The analysis shows that in case of syngas operation the combustor internal temperature hot spots are reduced and the primary zone flame tends to stabilize closer to the injector, with possible implications on the emission release.
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Hii, N. C., S. J. Wilcox, A. Z. S. Chong, J. Ward, and C. K. Tan. "The Application of Acoustic Emission to Monitor Pulverised Fuel Flows." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80912.

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There are a large number of industrial processes involving the transport of pneumatically conveyed solid including mineral processing, electrical power generation, steel and cement production. For coal-fired power plant, in particular, pulverised fuel (pf) is fed by pneumatic means where coal particles are transported by the primary air from each mill directly into furnace. The distribution of coal particles to each burner bank is normally split mechanically from larger pipelines into a smaller network of pipes connected to each of the burners. Despite the use of matched outlet pipes and riffle devices within the splitters, uneven distribution of the pulverised coal inevitably occurs. Incomplete combustion due to the non-uniform distribution of the pulverised coal between the burner\u2019s feed pipes leads to a reduction in boiler efficiency. This also directly leads to an increase in slagging and fouling in the burner and increased NOx emission from the burner. Measuring can solve this problem and subsequently controlling the mass flow in each burner feed pipe and then adjusting the excess air to operate near the minimum. Over the past ten years or so, there has been increased interest in applying acoustic emission (AE) detection methods for process condition monitoring. The European Working Group for Acoustic Emission (EWGAE), 1985, defines AE as ‘the transient elastic waves resulting from local internal micro displacements in a material’. The American National Standards Institute defines AE as ‘the class of phenomena whereby transient elastic waves are generated by a rapid release of energy from a localised source or sources within a material, or the transient elastic waves so generated’. Therefore, in principle, any impulsive and energy release mechanism within a solid or on its surface, such as plastic deformation, impact, cracking, turbulence, combustion, and fluid disturbances, is capable of generating. Since these mechanisms can be associated with the degradation occurring within a particular process, it follows that AE has great potential in condition monitoring, for example, monitoring of tool wear, corrosion and process monitoring of the pneumatically conveyed solid. Unlike most of the other techniques, AE sensors are non-invasive so that their interruption with the flow within the pipe can be totally avoided. Furthermore, the frequency responses of AE sensors are normally very high (in the order of a Mega Hertz) so that they are immune to low-frequency environmental noises. The use of AE detection techniques is appropriate in this project since the frictional contacts between the flowing particles and the inner wall of the conveying pipe can effectively generate ‘elastic waves’ which propagate through the inner pipe wall and be detected by an AE sensor attached to the outer pipe wall. Consequently, the current research work aims to demonstrate the use of an AE to monitor the flow of particles in a conveying pipe. Preliminary results indicate that AE is generated and is highly repeatable for both variations in velocity for a fixed particle size and also for variations in mass flow rate at a fixed velocity.
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Reports on the topic "Fouling-release"

1

Malik, Aslam A. Fluoroelastomer Fouling Release Coating. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351696.

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2

Xu, Xuewei. Development of Low Fouling and High Fouling-release Zwitterionic Marine Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627839.

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Stein, Judith, Christina D. Wood, Kathryn Truby, Owen Harblin, and James Resue. Nontoxic, Self-Cleaning Silicone Fouling Release Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada399920.

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Cella, James. Advanced Non-Toxic Silicone Fouling-Release Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607451.

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Cella, James A. Non-Toxic, Self Cleaning Silicone Fouling Release Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada330070.

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Schultz, Michael P. Assessing the Hydrodynamic Performance of Fouling-Release Surfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada520374.

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McCarthy, Gregory J., Thomas E. Ready, Dean C. Webster, Seok-Bong Choi, and Philip Boudjouk. Advanced Marine Coatings for Naval Vessels - Phase 1. Antifouling and Fouling Release Coatings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417348.

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Schultz, Michael P., and Lawrence J. Borne. Design, Construction, and Calibration of a Water Channel Facility for the Screening of Fouling-Release Surfaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada362537.

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McCarthy, Thomas J. Advanced, Non-Toxic, Anti-Corrosion, Anti-Fouling and Foul-Release Coatings Based on Covalently Attached Monolayers, Multilayers and Polymers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470718.

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