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1

Holberg, Stefan, Ricardo Losada, Frances Blaikie, Helena Hansen, Sylvie Soreau, and Rob Onderwater. "Hydrophilic silicone coatings as fouling release: Simple synthesis, comparison to commercial, marine coatings and application on fresh water-cooled heat exchangers." Materials Today Communications 22, March 2020 (2019): 100750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2019.100750.

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A synthesis route to hydrophilic, biocide-free fouling release coatings by dispersing a polydimethylsiloxane (silicone, PDMS)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) copolymer in a PDMS coating is described. In comparison to known coatings including commercial fouling release for marine vessels, anti-fouling and fouling release perfromance was investigated by laboratory tests and by application on fresh water-cooled surface condensers mimicking conditions of thermal power plants.
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2

Wan, Fei, Wenwen Yan, Chao Feng, Ruixuan Tong, and Linlin Zhang. "Preparation and Study of Antifouling and Fouling-Release Surface Materials from Copolymers with Anchoring Functional Groups." Materials 16, no. 23 (2023): 7367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16237367.

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Marine biofouling is a worldwide problem in marine systems. Nowadays, innovative non-toxic antifouling and fouling-release materials are highly desirable. In this study, a strategy for preparing antifouling and fouling-release materials via one-step dip coating is reported. Copolymers were synthesized via the polymerization of a monomer with catechol sticky functional groups and four monomers with antifouling- or fouling-release functional groups, respectively. The copolymers could assemble onto different material surfaces, such as metals and plastics, using biomimetic catechol groups via mult
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3

Liu, Lin, Zi Jie Li, Sen Sun, Ting You, Xiao Tong Qi, and Kai Song. "Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Hydrogel-Based Fouling Release Coating." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1539.

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With the rapid development of marine transportation industry, biological fouling not only affects the speed of navigation but also highly increases fuel consumption. In the paper, a novel hydrogel-based fouling release coating is developed to address the issue by a combination of non-stick property with a low surface tension of the coating. A hydrogel-based silicone fouling release coating was synthesized and two kinds of different intermediate coatings were studied to give a proper match as the tie layer between the substrate coated with primer and the hydrogel silicone on the surface. The ad
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4

Brady, Robert F. "Fouling-release Coatings for Warships." Defence Science Journal 55, no. 1 (2005): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.55.1971.

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5

Brady, Robert F., and Irwin L. Singer. "Mechanical factors favoring release from fouling release coatings." Biofouling 15, no. 1-3 (2000): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010009386299.

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6

Mo, Yanqiang, Peihong Xue, Qiang Yang, et al. "Composite Slow-Release Fouling Release Coating Inspired by Synergistic Anti-Fouling Effect of Scaly Fish." Polymers 13, no. 16 (2021): 2602. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162602.

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Inspired by the antifouling properties of scaly fish, the conventional silicone coating with phenylmethylsilicone oil (PSO/PDMS) composite coating was fabricated and modified with single layer polystyrene (PS) microsphere (PSO/PDMS-PS) arrays. The fish scale like micro-nano structures were fabricated on the surface of bio-inspired coating, which can reduce the contact area with the secreted protein membrane of fouling organisms effectively and prevent further adhesion between fouling organisms and bio-inspired coating. Meanwhile, PSO exuded to the coating surface has the similar function with
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7

Chen, Runze, Qingyi Xie, Haohang Zeng, Chunfeng Ma, and Guangzhao Zhang. "Non-elastic glassy coating with fouling release and resistance abilities." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 1 (2020): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta09794e.

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8

Bodkhe, Rajan B., Shane J. Stafslien, Justin Daniels, et al. "Zwitterionic siloxane-polyurethane fouling-release coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 78 (January 2015): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.07.011.

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9

Xu, Binbin, Yajing Liu, Xiaowen Sun, Jianhua Hu, Ping Shi, and Xiaoyu Huang. "Semifluorinated Synergistic Nonfouling/Fouling-Release Surface." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 19 (2017): 16517–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b03258.

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10

Howell, Caitlin, Thy L. Vu, Jennifer J. Lin, et al. "Self-Replenishing Vascularized Fouling-Release Surfaces." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 6, no. 15 (2014): 13299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am503150y.

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11

Zhang, Runnan, Yafei Li, Yanlei Su, et al. "Engineering amphiphilic nanofiltration membrane surfaces with a multi-defense mechanism for improved antifouling performances." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 20 (2016): 7892–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta02885c.

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Amphiphilic nanofiltration membrane surfaces with a multi-defense (hydrophilic fouling-resistant and hydrophobic fouling-release) mechanism were engineered and exhibited improved antifouling performances against various foulants.
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12

Qiu, Haoyi, Iris Hölken, Anna Gapeeva, Volkan Filiz, Rainer Adelung, and Martina Baum. "Development and Characterization of Mechanically Durable Silicone-Polythiourethane Composites Modified with Tetrapodal Shaped ZnO Particles for the Potential Application as Fouling-Release Coating in the Marine Sector." Materials 11, no. 12 (2018): 2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11122413.

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Ecological considerations strongly necessitate the development of environmentally friendly antifouling paints. A promising alternative to biocide containing antifouling paints are fouling-release coatings, which are non-toxic and designed to prevent permanent attachment of marine organisms to the surface, due to their low surface energy. However, these coatings suffer from insufficient mechanical properties, which make them unsuitable for mechanically stressed surfaces e.g., on ship hulls. To overcome those obstacles, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-polythiourethane (PTU) composites modified with
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13

Marzullo, Paola, Michelangelo Gruttadauria, and Francesca D’Anna. "Quaternary Ammonium Salts-Based Materials: A Review on Environmental Toxicity, Anti-Fouling Mechanisms and Applications in Marine and Water Treatment Industries." Biomolecules 14, no. 8 (2024): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom14080957.

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The adherence of pathogenic microorganisms to surfaces and their association to form antibiotic-resistant biofilms threatens public health and affects several industrial sectors with significant economic losses. For this reason, the medical, pharmaceutical and materials science communities are exploring more effective anti-fouling approaches. This review focuses on the anti-fouling properties, structure–activity relationships and environmental toxicity of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) and, as a subclass, ionic liquid compounds. Greener alternatives such as QAS-based antimicrobial polymers wi
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14

Liu, Chao, Chunfeng Ma, Qingyi Xie, and Guangzhao Zhang. "Self-repairing silicone coatings for marine anti-biofouling." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 30 (2017): 15855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta05241c.

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15

Carl, C., A. J. Poole, M. J. Vucko, M. R. Williams, S. Whalan, and R. de Nys. "Enhancing the efficacy of fouling-release coatings against fouling byMytilus galloprovincialisusing nanofillers." Biofouling 28, no. 10 (2012): 1077–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2012.728588.

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16

Selim, Mohamed S., Sherif A. El-Safty, Maher A. El-Sockary, et al. "Modeling of spherical silver nanoparticles in silicone-based nanocomposites for marine antifouling." RSC Advances 5, no. 78 (2015): 63175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07400b.

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17

Ma, Wen, Md Saifur Rahaman, and Heloise Therien-Aubin. "Controlling biofouling of reverse osmosis membranes through surface modification via grafting patterned polymer brushes." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 5, no. 3 (2015): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2015.114.

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Thin film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes are extensively used as selective barriers in reverse osmosis processes. The major challenge faced with TFC membranes is significant fouling on the surface, which restricts the overall purification performance. To address the fouling problem, we developed novel fouling-resistant surface coatings via polyelectrolyte [poly(allylamine hydrochloride)/poly(styrene sulfonate)] layer-by-layer self-assembly, functionalized with patterned antimicrobial and antifouling/fouling-release polymer brushes. Two types of different polymer brushes, among antimicrobi
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18

Ba, Miao, Zhanping Zhang, and Yuhong Qi. "Fouling Release Coatings Based on Polydimethylsiloxane with the Incorporation of Phenylmethylsilicone Oil." Coatings 8, no. 5 (2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8050153.

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In this study, phenylmethylsilicone oil (PSO) with different viscosity was used for research in fouling release coatings based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The surface properties and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated, while the leaching behavior of PSO from the coatings was studied. Subsequently, the antifouling performance of the coatings was investigated by the benthic diatom adhesion test. The results showed that the coatings with high-viscosity PSO exhibited high levels of hydrophobicity and PSO leaching, while the high PSO content significantly decreased the elast
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19

Wu, Tong, Yuhong Qi, Qi’an Chen, Chuanjun Gu, and Zhanping Zhang. "Preparation and Properties of Fluorosilicone Fouling-Release Coatings." Polymers 14, no. 18 (2022): 3804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183804.

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To improve the antifouling performance of silicone fouling-release coatings, some fluorosilicone and silicone fouling-release coatings were prepared and cured at room temperature with hydroxyl-terminated fluoropolysiloxane (FPS) or hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a film-forming resin, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as a crosslinking agent, and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as a catalyst. The chemical structure, surface morphology and roughness, tensile properties, and antifouling properties of the coating were studied by infrared spectroscopy, a laser confocal scanning micros
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20

Sfameni, Silvia, Giulia Rando, Maurilio Galletta, et al. "Design and Development of Fluorinated and Biocide-Free Sol–Gel Based Hybrid Functional Coatings for Anti-Biofouling/Foul-Release Activity." Gels 8, no. 9 (2022): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8090538.

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Biofouling has destructive effects on shipping and leisure vessels, thus producing severe problems for marine and naval sectors due to corrosion with consequent elevated fuel consumption and higher maintenance costs. The development of anti-fouling or fouling release coatings creates deterrent surfaces that prevent the initial settlement of microorganisms. In this regard, new silica-based materials were prepared using two alkoxysilane cross-linkers containing epoxy and amine groups (i.e., 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, respectively), in combination with t
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21

Yu, Qian, Wangyao Ge, Ayomide Atewologun, Gabriel P. López, and Adrienne D. Stiff-Roberts. "RIR-MAPLE deposition of multifunctional films combining biocidal and fouling release properties." J. Mater. Chem. B 2, no. 27 (2014): 4371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00566j.

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22

Hu, Xiaodong, Xiaotong Liu, Dandan Zong, and Shiyun Dong. "Research of release characteristics of ship attached fouling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1885, no. 3 (2021): 032006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1885/3/032006.

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23

Xie, Lai-yong, Fei Hong, Chuan-xin He, Jian-hong Liu, and Chi Wu. "Fouling-release Property of Water-filled Porous Elastomers." Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics 25, no. 3 (2012): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-0068/25/03/330-334.

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24

Hu, Peng, Qingyi Xie, Chunfeng Ma, and Guangzhao Zhang. "Silicone-Based Fouling-Release Coatings for Marine Antifouling." Langmuir 36, no. 9 (2020): 2170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03926.

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25

Molena, Elena, Caterina Credi, Carmela De Marco, Marinella Levi, Stefano Turri, and Giovanni Simeone. "Protein antifouling and fouling-release in perfluoropolyether surfaces." Applied Surface Science 309 (August 2014): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.04.211.

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26

Abu-Obaid, Sara, Pierre Bérubé, and Wayne J. Parker. "Characterization of performance of full-scale tertiary membranes under stressed operating conditions." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 3 (2020): 571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.140.

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Abstract This study sought to identify factors responsible for enhanced fouling of ultrafiltration membranes used in tertiary wastewater treatment under challenging conditions of high flow and low temperature. A detailed analysis of full-scale membrane operating data was conducted, and this was supported by data gathered through a field sampling campaign. Higher average fouling rates and average recoveries were observed during periods of highest flows and lowest temperatures. The results demonstrated that the negative impact of seasonal changes on short-term fouling are readily reversible, whi
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27

Agarwal, Harshit, Thomas J. Polaske, Gabriel Sánchez-Velázquez, Helen E. Blackwell, and David M. Lynn. "Slippery nanoemulsion-infused porous surfaces (SNIPS): anti-fouling coatings that can host and sustain the release of water-soluble agents." Chemical Communications 57, no. 94 (2021): 12691–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc04645d.

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28

Zinati, Ali, Mohammad Javad Ketabdari, and Hamid Zeraatgar. "Effects of Propeller Fouling on the Hydrodynamic Performance of a Marine Propeller." Polish Maritime Research 30, no. 4 (2023): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2023-0059.

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Abstract Propeller performance is typically considered under clean conditions, despite the fact that fouling is an inevitable phenomenon for propellers. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of roughness due to fouling on the performance of a propeller using a CFD simulation in conjunction with the roughness function model. A simulation of a clean propeller is verified for a five-blade propeller model using existing experimental results. A roughness function model is then suggested based on existing measured roughness data. The simulations are extended for the same pro
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29

Choi, Seok-bong, John Jepperson, Laura Jarabek, Johnson Thomas, Bret Chisholm, and Philip Boudjouk. "Novel Approach to Anti-Fouling and Fouling-Release Marine Coatings Based on Dual-Functional Siloxanes." Macromolecular Symposia 249-250, no. 1 (2007): 660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200750452.

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30

Ye, Qisheng, Rui Wang, Saitao Yan, Baoliang Chen, and Xiaoying Zhu. "Bioinspired photo-responsive membrane enhanced with “light-cleaning” feature for controlled molecule release." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 10, no. 14 (2022): 2617–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb02329b.

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31

Qi, Yu Hong, Zhan Ping Zhang, Yan Zhang, and Mei Miao. "Topography and Wettability of Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings with Varying Amounts of Hard Segments." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3033.

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Topography and wettability plays an important role to fouling release performance of a coating. Surface morphology and water contact angles (WCA) depending on time of three waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings were studied by laser scanning microscope and optical contact angle meter. The results show that WPU coatings with low hard segment content are consisted of hard segment domains, soft segment domains and crack-like non-cohesive regions. With increasing hard segment content, nanostructured micro-phase separated topography is easier to forming, and crack-like non-cohesive regions is redu
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32

Wen, Yuting, Nana Nyarko Mensah, Xia Song, et al. "A hydrogel with supramolecular surface functionalization for cancer cell capture and multicellular spheroid growth and release." Chemical Communications 58, no. 5 (2022): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc05846k.

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A hydrogel scaffold with a non-fouling but specific cancer cell-adhesive surface fabricated via host–guest interactions captures cancer cells and promotes growth and release of multicellular spheroids.
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33

Stafslien, Shane J., James Bahr, Justin Daniels, David A. Christianson, and Bret J. Chisholm. "High-Throughput Screening of Fouling-Release Properties: An Overview." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 25, no. 17 (2011): 2239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016942411x574934.

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34

Wanka, Robin, John A. Finlay, Kim A. Nolte, et al. "Fouling-Release Properties of Dendritic Polyglycerols against Marine Diatoms." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 41 (2018): 34965–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b12017.

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35

Zeng, Renchang, Shouping Xu, Jiang Cheng, Zhiqi Cai, Pihui Pi, and Xiufang Wen. "Thermoresponsive/low-fouling Zwitterionic hydrogel for controlled drug release." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 3 (2013): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.39816.

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36

Braga, Cierra, Kelli Hunsucker, Caglar Erdogan, Harrison Gardner, and Geoffrey Swain. "The Use of a UVC Lamp Incorporated With an ROV to Prevent Biofouling: A Proof-of-Concept Study." Marine Technology Society Journal 54, no. 5 (2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.54.5.9.

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AbstractA proof-of-concept study was designed to investigate using an Ultraviolet C (UVC) lamp mounted on a hull-crawling remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to prevent biofouling on a ship hull. A wheeled cart with a UVC lamp was built to expose two large test panels to UVC. The test panels were coated with an ablative copper antifouling and a silicone fouling release coating, and these were immersed in seawater at Port Canaveral, Florida. Three exposure frequencies (once a week, twice a week, and three times a week) and two dosages (8 and 16 s of UVC exposure) were tested. UVC was effective at p
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37

Baiju, Sajith Kaniyadan, Brent James Martin, Rayleen Fredericks, Harikrishnan Raghavan, Karnika De Silva, and Matthew Greig Cowan. "Anti-Fouling Properties of Phosphonium Ionic Liquid Coatings in the Marine Environment." Polymers 15, no. 18 (2023): 3677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15183677.

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Biofouling is the buildup of marine organisms on a submerged material. This research tests the efficacy of phosphonium ion gels comprising phosphonium monomers ([P444VB][AOT] and [P888VB][AOT]) and free ionic liquid ([P4444][AOT], [P8888][AOT]) (10 to 50 wt%), varying lengths of alkyl chains (n = 4 and 8), varying copper(II) oxide biocide concentrations (0 to 2 wt%), and the docusate anion [AOT]− for added hydrophobicity. The efficacy of these formulations was tested using a seachest simulator protected from light and tidal currents in New Zealand coastal waters over the summer and autumn peri
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38

Holm, Eric R., Elizabeth G. Haslbeck, and Arthur A. Horinek. "Evaluation of Brushes for Removal of Fouling from Fouling-release Surfaces, Using a Hydraulic Cleaning Device." Biofouling 19, no. 5 (2003): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0892701031000137512.

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39

Xie, Ru, Xiaoqing Ai, Qingyi Xie, Chunfeng Ma, and Guangzhao Zhang. "Non-silicone elastic coating with fouling resistance and fouling release abilities based on degradable hyperbranched polymer." Progress in Organic Coatings 175 (February 2023): 107350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2022.107350.

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40

Kostin, Vasily E., Vladimir G. Kochetkov, Sergey A. Mankovsky, Sergey V. Orlov, and Natalia A. Sokolova. "Testing of PTFE-Based Antifouling Coatings in Fresh Water." Key Engineering Materials 910 (February 15, 2022): 742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-5x3vr2.

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Equipment, pipelines, hydraulic structures located in the water are covered with a layer of fouling organisms, which is accompanied by a deterioration in operating parameters and increased corrosion of structural materials. Most anti-fouling coatings contain some type of toxins, the gradual release of which from the coating into the water should lead to the death of the fouling organisms. A promising antifouling coating intended for use in an aquatic environment is a combined metal-polymer coating, the composition and application technology of which were developed by the company LLC TSZP. On t
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41

Ista, Linnea K., Víctor H. Pérez-Luna, and Gabriel P. López. "Surface-Grafted, Environmentally Sensitive Polymers for Biofilm Release." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 4 (1999): 1603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.4.1603-1609.1999.

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ABSTRACT Controlling bacterial biofouling is desirable for almost every human enterprise in which solid surfaces are introduced into nonsterile aqueous environments. One approach that is used to decrease contamination of manufactured devices by microorganisms is using materials that easily slough off accumulated material (i.e., fouling release surfaces). The compounds currently used for this purpose rely on low surface energy to inhibit strong attachment of organisms. In this study, we examined the possible use of environmentally responsive (or “smart”) polymers as a new class of fouling relea
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42

Chen, Nuo, Jide Zhu, Xinrong Chen, et al. "Intrinsic Antibacterial Urushiol-Based Benzoxazine Polymer Coating for Marine Antifouling Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 9 (2025): 4118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094118.

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Marine antifouling coatings that rely on the release of antifouling agents are the most prevalent and effective strategy for combating fouling. However, the environmental concerns arising from the widespread discharge of these agents into marine ecosystems cannot be overlooked. An innovative and promising alternative involves incorporating antimicrobial groups into polymers to create coatings endowed with intrinsic antimicrobial properties. In this study, we reported an urushiol-based benzoxazine (URB) monomer, synthesized from natural urushiol and antibacterial rosin amine. The URB monomer wa
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43

Sanchez-Rexach, Eva, Jagoba Iturri, Jorge Fernandez, Emilio Meaurio, Jose-Luis Toca-Herrera та Jose-Ramon Sarasua. "Correction: Novel biodegradable and non-fouling systems for controlled-release based on poly(ε-caprolactone)/Quercetin blends and biomimetic bacterial S-layer coatings". RSC Advances 9, № 46 (2019): 26685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra90063b.

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Correction for ‘Novel biodegradable and non-fouling systems for controlled-release based on poly(ε-caprolactone)/Quercetin blends and biomimetic bacterial S-layer coatings’ by Eva Sanchez-Rexach et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 24154–24163.
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44

Salazar-Peláez, M. L., J. M. Morgan-Sagastume, and A. Noyola. "Influence of hydraulic retention time on UASB post-treatment with UF membranes." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 11 (2011): 2299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.689.

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A pilot UASB reactor coupled with an external ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was operated under three different hydraulic retention times (HRT) for domestic wastewater treatment. The aim was to assess the HRT influence on system performance and fouling. The highest concentrations of COD, total solids, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) in UASB effluent and permeate were found when the UASB reactor was operated under the lowest HRT studied (4 hours); although the fulfillment of Mexican Standard for wastewater reclamation was not compromised. This fact c
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45

Camós Noguer, A., S. M. Olsen, S. Hvilsted, and S. Kiil. "Field study of the long-term release of block copolymers from fouling-release coatings." Progress in Organic Coatings 112 (November 2017): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.07.001.

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46

Bös, Markus, Ludwig Gabler, Willi Max Leopold, Max Steudel, Mareike Weigel, and Konstantin Kraushaar. "Molecular Design and Nanoarchitectonics of Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Sol–Gel Systems for Antifouling Coatings." Gels 10, no. 12 (2024): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels10120768.

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Environmental protection, especially fouling protection, is a very topical and wide-ranging issue. This review explores the development, molecular design, and nanoarchitectonics of sol–gel-based hybrid coatings for antifouling applications. These coatings combine inorganic and organic materials, offering enhanced stability and adaptability, making them ideal for protecting surfaces from fouling. This review covers key antifouling strategies from the past decade, including biocidal additives, fouling resistance, release mechanisms, and surface topological modifications. The sol–gel hybrid syste
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47

Li, Yu, Guoqing Wang, Zehui Guo, Peiqing Wang, and Aimin Wang. "Preparation of Microcapsules Coating and the Study of Their Bionic Anti-Fouling Performance." Materials 13, no. 7 (2020): 1669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071669.

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With the increasing demands to better the marine environment, environmentally friendly anti-fouling coatings have attracted attention from society. Adding hydrolyzable microcapsules without toxin to paints is a very useful and safe method to get bionic anti-fouling coatings with a micro-nano surface structure. Based on this trend, a form of environment-friendly microcapsules were prepared through mini-emulsion polymerization. The target microcapsules had a poly(urea-formaldehyde) (PUF) shell and a mixed core of silicone oil and capsaicin. Additionally, the microcapsules were introduced into zi
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48

Xue, Jingjing, Li Wang, Yong Fan, et al. "Mechanically Enhanced Self-Stratified Acrylic/Silicone Antifouling Coatings." Coatings 12, no. 2 (2022): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020232.

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Great attention has been paid to silicone-based fouling-release coatings (FRCs) in the realm of maritime antifouling due to their highly efficient and eco-friendly properties, but many challenges remain for developing a silicone-based FRC that improves its adhesion performance without reducing the antifouling property. Herein, a non-toxic silicone-based FRC has been developed by integrating acrylic resin (AR) with a silicon resin (PDMS) to spontaneously form a self-stratified AR/PDMS coating. The AR/PDMS antifouling coating still has the same fouling-release performance but improved adhesion s
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Koschitzki, Florian, Robin Wanka, Lennart Sobota, et al. "Amphiphilic Zwitterionic Acrylate/Methacrylate Copolymers for Marine Fouling-Release Coatings." Langmuir 37, no. 18 (2021): 5591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00428.

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50

Kommeren, Guerin, Dale, et al. "Antifouling and Fouling-Release Performance of Photo-Embossed Fluorogel Elastomers." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 11 (2019): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7110419.

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Oil-infused ‘slippery’ polymer surfaces and engineered surface textures have been separately shown to reduce settlement or adhesion strength of marine biofouling organisms. Here, we combine these two approaches in fluorogel surfaces infused with perfluorinated oils, via a facile photo-embossing method that allows the generation of a micro-scale surface relief structure while retaining the properties of lubricant-infused materials. Testing of these surfaces against a range of marine fouling challenges in laboratory assays demonstrated that when the volume percentage of perfluorinated oil was hi
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