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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Foundational assumptions

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Academic literature on the topic 'Foundational assumptions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Foundational assumptions"

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Regmi, Kapil Dev. "Foundational Models of Development, Underlying Assumptions and Critiques." Social Change 48, no. 3 (September 2018): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085718781688.

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Several theories of development (mainly modernisation, dependency, world system and postcolonial) are found in the current body of literature. However, the similarities and differences of these theories are not clearly articulated. This article has reviewed key scholarly literature in this field and found that major theories of development stem from three foundational models: modernist, dependency and post-development. The modernist model assumes that development a form of positive change in human societies, occurs in stages and has a fixed route applicable to all societies. The dependency model, on the other hand, challenges the assumptions of the modernist model and argues that the socio-economic prosperity of developing countries is not possible without dismantling the global capitalistic system. Finally, the post-development model challenges the assumptions of the modernist and dependency models and argues that development is an ideological discourse constructed by the West and hence we need alternatives to development theories.

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Regmi, Kapil Dev. "Lifelong learning: Foundational models, underlying assumptions and critiques." International Review of Education 61, no. 2 (March 4, 2015): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11159-015-9480-2.

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Tetlow, Joanne. "Locke's Political Theology and the 'Second Treatise'." Locke Studies 17 (February 19, 2018): 197–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/ls.2017.885.

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It is a contested issue, particularly among modern and postmodern scholars, whether political theory requires a foundation—some set of background assumptions (about the nature of existence, the nature of agency, what is of value in human life and so forth) that is fundamental to and presupposed absolutely by it. Andrew Vincent, in his book The Nature of Political Theory (2004), analyzes different types of foundations based on the assumption that they are necessary and ubiquitous. He believes this is so because as a finite being, without absolute certainty and objective knowledge, man naturally seeks a foundation, which in a comprehensive and complete sense eludes him. In other words, political theory is permanently in search of ‘foundational arguments’ that ‘are intrinsically unresolvable’. According to Vincent, ‘[w]e may not be able to identify absolutes, but neither can we avoid foundationalism’. It is the nature of our being, he suggests, that we continually ask questions that cannot be absolutely resolved. Vincent takes it to follow that the foundations upon which political theory relies are and must be ‘ordinary and multiversal, rather than extraordinary and universal’. Lacking absolute certainty, we are confronted with ‘multiple foundational problems and answers, which are not finished’. This state of affairs, he suggests, ‘is deeply irritating for some, but is quite normal and ordinary for humanity, and should become normal and ordinary within political theory.’

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Cozens, Simon. "Shame Cultures, Fear Cultures, and Guilt Cultures: Reviewing the Evidence." International Bulletin of Mission Research 42, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2396939318764087.

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Eugene Nida’s distinction between “shame cultures,” “fear cultures,” and “guilt cultures” has become a foundational assumption of the “global Gospel” / “honor-shame” streams of missiology. It is periodically necessary to test such assumptions, particularly in the light of later developments within the disciplines of anthropology and sociology and the availability of empirical evidence. I argue here that the shame/guilt division is not clearly demarcated and that subsequent critique has cast doubt on its validity as a categorical concept. Missiology operating under its assumptions needs to reflect both the conceptual complexity and the limited empirical evidence for such a distinction.

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Meyers, Renee A., and David R. Seibold. "Making Foundational Assumptions Transparent: Framing the Discussion About Group Communication and Influence." Human Communication Research 35, no. 2 (April 2009): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2009.01350.x.

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Kusier, Amalie Oxholm, and Anna Paldam Folker. "The Well-Being Index WHO-5: hedonistic foundation and practical limitations." Medical Humanities 46, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2018-011636.

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Research and policymaking on positive mental health and well-being have increased within the last decade, partly fueled by decreasing levels of well-being in the general population and among at-risk groups. However, measurement of well-being often takes place in the absence of reflection on the underlying theoretical conceptualisation of well-being. This disguises the fact that different rating scales of well-being often measure very different phenomena because rating scales are based on different philosophical assumptions, which represent radically different foundational views about the nature of well-being. The aim of this paper is to examine the philosophical foundation of the Well-Being Index WHO-5 in order to clarify the underlying normative commitments and the psychometric compromises involved in the translation of philosophical theory into practice. WHO-5 has been introduced as a rating scale that measures the affective and hedonistic dimensions of well-being. It is widely used within public health and mental health research. This paper introduces the philosophical theory of Hedonism and explores how two central assumptions that relate to hedonistic theory are reflected in the construction of WHO-5. The first concerns ‘the hedonic balance’, that is the relation between positive and negative emotions. The second assumption concerns ‘the value of emotions’, that is, how to determine the duration and intensity of emotions. At the end, Hedonism is contrasted with Life Satisfaction Theory, an alternative foundational theory of well-being, in order to clarify that the outlook of WHO-5 is more a rating system of positive affect than a cognitive judgement of overall life satisfaction. We conclude that it is important to examine the philosophical foundation of rating scales of well-being, such as WHO-5, in order to be fully able to assess the magnitude as well as the limits of their results.

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Hibberd, Fiona J., and Davood G. Gozli. "Psychology’s fragmentation and neglect of foundational assumptions: An interview with Fiona J. Hibberd." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 13, no. 2 (May 31, 2017): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v13i2.1403.

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Ma, Lai. "Meanings of information: The assumptions and research consequences of three foundational LIS theories." Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 63, no. 4 (March 30, 2012): 716–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asi.21711.

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Younas, Ahtisham. "A Foundational Analysis of Dorothea Orem’s Self-Care Theory and Evaluation of Its Significance for Nursing Practice and Research." Creative Nursing 23, no. 1 (2017): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.23.1.13.

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In-depth understanding of the ontological and epistemological assumptions of nursing theories can be achieved through theory analysis. Several theory analysis criteria have been proposed for examining ontological and epistemological assumptions, but there are limited examples of actual analysis of these assumptions. This article presents an analysis of the ontological and epistemological assumptions of Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory and evaluates its significance for nursing practice and research.

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Argue, Steven C., and Tyler S. Greenway. "Empathy with Emerging Generations as a Foundation for Ministry." Christian Education Journal: Research on Educational Ministry 17, no. 1 (April 2020): 110–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739891319899666.

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Ministry leaders’ concerns for young people’s spiritual and religious lives often lead them to adopt programmatic solutions in order to remain relevant to emerging generations. We speculate that a more foundational shift is needed. We argue that ministry leaders can support the spiritual quests of young people by reconsidering their teaching and learning assumptions, renewing their empathy skills, and reframing their assumptions about who young people are and what they truly need.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Foundational assumptions"

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McDonald, Jason K. "Technology I, II, and III : criteria for understanding and improving the practice of instructional technology /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1610.pdf.

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Rampy, Nolan. "Intuitions or Informational Assumptions? An Investigation of the Psychological Factors Behind Moral Judgments." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/446.

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There is an ongoing debate among psychologists regarding the psychological factors underlying moral judgments. Rationalists argue that informational assumptions (i.e. ideological beliefs about how the world works) play a causal role in shaping moral judgments whereas intuitionists argue that informational assumptions are post hoc justifications for judgments made automatically by innate intuitions. In order to compare these two perspectives, the author conducted two studies in which informational assumptions related to ingroups and outgroups varied across conditions. In Study 1, political conservatives and liberals completed the moral relevance questionnaire while imagining they were in the US, Iran, or no specific country. Keeping in line with the predictions of the intuitionist perspective, the results showed that the judgments of conservatives and liberals did not significantly differ across conditions. Study 2 used a more in depth manipulation in which participants read a vignette about a government (US, Iran, or the fictional country of Kasbara) violating the rights of a minority group. As in Study 1, the results support the intuitionist perspective--the judgments of conservatives and liberals did not significantly differ across conditions. These findings play a small part in clarifying the role of informational assumptions in moral judgments.

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Mims, Pamela J., and Ann Meyer. "The Least Dangerous Assumption Increases Student Achievement &Teacher Satisfaction in Special Education?" Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/189.

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Jimenez, Bree, and Pamela J. Mims. "Assuming Competence: Philosophical Basis for Research in Access to the General Curriculum." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/186.

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Using best-practices and supports that apply the least dangerous assumption (LDA) is a powerful tool for increasing overall student quality of life and keeping alive a vision of high achievement for all students. This presentation will focus on research and evidence based strategies to promote the LDA for students with significant disabilities regarding accessing personally relevant academic instruction with meaningful student centered outcomes. OBJECTIVES: By the end of this session, participants will be able to: a) identify four criteria to promote Least Dangerous Assumption b) discuss ways to successfully implement the four criteria in their classroom to meet the needs of a wide range of diverse students with significant disabilities c) identify resources that incorporate these four criteria and are applicable to students from diverse backgrounds

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Chrysler-Fox, Pharny D. "Foundational assumptions in selecting human capital metrics." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3784.

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M Com (Human Resources Management)
The aim of this study was to explore and describe foundational assumptions in selection of human capital metrics, unpacked within three broad categories of meaning, namely: why?, what?, and how? we measure human capital. A literature study was conducted to demystify conceptual elements and to report on the status quo. A modernist qualitative research methodology, with purposive and snowball sampling to recruit a limited number of practitioner experts in the field of HC and HC measurement in South Africa, was employed. With the aid of computerised qualitative data analysis software, thematic analysis was inductively applied to data generated during unstructured, in-depth interviews. Twenty-four assumptions found and positioned within the three broad categories of meaning (why?, what?, and how?) provide some understanding of selection in human capital metrics. Significant clusters of findings are: the supply of decisionlevel specific human capital information (which originated heuristically and inferentially), the limited value attached by senior managers to transactional and compliance information, the systemic integration (vertical and horizontal) of the business strategy into the business value chain, supported by multiple and parallel value chains, and an emerging measurement framework within HR. These clusters are representative of two emerging and overarching paradigms, namely: the current and entrenched Performance Measurement Paradigm (transactional), and the aspiration towards the fruition of a Human Capital Contribution Paradigm. It is clear from this study that there is still conceptual confusion regarding the terms human capital and metrics as presented in literature and understood and applied in practice. Recommendations are offered to eradicate conceptual confusion and to assist HR in moving towards a Human Capital Contribution paradigm.

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Books on the topic "Foundational assumptions"

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Búrca, Seán de. The network perspective: Theoretical foundations, assumptions and characteristics. Dublin: University College Dublin (Centre for Quality & Services Management), 1994.

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Landau, Friederike, Lucas Pohl, and Nikolai Roskamm, eds. [Un]Grounding. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839450734.

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Post-foundationalism departs from the assumption that there is no ground, necessity, or objective rationale for human political existence or action. The edited volume puts contemporary debates arising from the »spatial turn« in cultural and social sciences in a dialogue with post-foundational theories of space and place to devise post-foundationalism as radical approach to urban studies. This approach enables us to think about space not only as socially produced, but also as crucially marked by conflict, radical negativity, and absence. The contributors undertake a (re-)reading of key spatial and/or post-foundational theorists to introduce their respective understandings of politics and space, and offer examples of post-foundational empirical analyses of urban protests, spatial occupation, and everyday life.

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Kottler, Jeffrey, and Richard S. Balkin. Myths, Misconceptions, and Invalid Assumptions About Counseling and Psychotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190090692.001.0001.

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In Myths, Misconceptions, and Invalid Assumptions about Counseling the authors examine the science, art, and certainties and uncertainties of psychotherapy. In this book we have selected several dozen issues in our field, many of which are considered generally accepted principles or operating assumptions. We put them under close scrutiny to examine them more carefully. We’ve considered a wide variety of subjects, ranging from those that relate to our espoused beliefs, theoretical models, favored techniques and interventions, to accreditation and licensing requirements. We have also addressed some of the sanctioned statements about the nature and meaning of empirically supported and evidence based treatments. We even question what we can truly “know” for sure and how we can be certain these things are true. When considering the efficacy of psychotherapy, there is overwhelming evidence that the vast majority of clients are significantly improved as a result of our treatments. Advances in the models, methods, and strategies during the last few decades have allowed us to work more swiftly and efficiently, to reach a much more economically and culturally diverse population. But do we really know and understand as much as we pretend to? Is the foundation upon which we stand actually as stable and certain as we think, or at least claim to believe? Are the major assumptions and “truths” that we take for granted and accept as foundational principles really supported by solid data? And how might these assumptions, beliefs, and constructs we hold so sacred perhaps compromise and limit increased creativity and innovation? These are some of the uncomfortable and provocative questions that we wish to raise, and perhaps challenge, so that we might consider alternative conceptions that might further increase our effectiveness and improve our knowledge base grounded with solid evidence.

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Shepherd, Laura J. Why UN Peacebuilding Discourse Matters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199982721.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 reflects on the dominant configurations of civil society, women, gender, and peacebuilding in UN peacebuilding discourse and why the author thinks these arguments are significant. It is notable that the foundational resolution that brought forth the UN PBC specifically identifies “women’s organizations”—and only women’s organizations—as a part of “civil society” with which the Commission is encouraged to consult, as noted earlier. This articulation, as discussed earlier, not only feminizes civil society organizations but also reproduces the association between women and civil society. Further, the discursive construction of civil society as a feminized subject in peacebuilding discourse relies on assumptions about women’s capacity to engage meaningfully in peacebuilding-related activities by virtue of their femininity and the concomitant assumption of pacifism and peacebuilding potential. Both of these constructions are problematic in the ways in which they make sense of women’s lived experiences in conflict and post-conflict situations.

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Vanberg, Georg, and Viktor Vanberg. Contractarian Perspectives in Law and Economics. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.020.

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This article sketches the distinct perspective that a contractarian approach can bring to law and economics. It focuses on a particularly important strand of the contractarian tradition: the constitutional political economy (CPE) research program (also known as constitutional economics), developed most fully in the work of Nobel laureate James Buchanan. Like law and economics, the CPE paradigm is primarily concerned with the comparative analysis of social, economic, and political institutions. But its foundational assumptions offer a distinct contrast to the mainstream neoclassical paradigm that has dominated law and economics as a field. The article first provides a brief overview of contractarian approaches. It then describes the central features of the CPE paradigm. It contrasts the foundations of the CPE approach with those of neo-classical economics; explores the implications of these differences for the research foci at the heart of these two traditions; and discusses how mainstream and constitutional economics approaches may be reconciled.

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Silberstein, Michael, W. M. Stuckey, and Timothy McDevitt. The Block Universe from Special Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807087.003.0003.

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Before explaining how the God’s-eye view resolves the impasse of theoretical physics and foundations of physics created by the ant’s-eye view, the book presents a detailed argument for the block universe. Accordingly, the main thread of chapter 2 shows how the relativity of simultaneity resolves the paradoxes associated with time dilation and length contraction that result from special relativity. A short argument is then presented showing how the relativity of simultaneity implies a block universe, that is, the co-reality or co-existence of the past, present, and future. Philosophy of Physics for Chapter 2 provides a detailed argument for block universe, taking into account all counterarguments and assumptions of the abridged argument in the main thread. Foundational Physics for Chapter 2 shows how the second postulate of special relativity leads to time dilation and length contraction, and it contains the Lorentz transformations for the spacetime events used in the main thread.

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Callicott, J. Baird, and James McRae, eds. Japanese Environmental Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456320.001.0001.

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Comparative environmental philosophy is valuable in many ways. Perhaps it is most valuable because it reveals some of the foundational assumptions that run so deep in the poles of comparison that they might otherwise have gone unnoticed. These revelations may invite us to challenge those assumptions that have led to the kind of thinking responsible for much of the environmental degradation that we see today. Japanese Environmental Philosophy gathers papers focused on the environmental problems of the twenty-first century. Drawing from Japanese philosophical traditions they investigate our relationships with other humans, nonhuman animals, and the environment. The heart of the book consists of chapters written by fifteen top scholars from Japan, the United States, Europe, and Australia. The essays cover a broad range of topics drawn from various strains of Japanese thought—including Zen Buddhism, Shintoism, the Kyoto school, and Japanese philosophy of art and aesthetics—as well as from traditional Japanese culture and the contemporary science of planning for natural disasters. These articles demonstrate that Japanese scientific, philosophical, religious, and cultural traditions can provide meaningful insight to address the current global environmental crisis.

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Crosthwaite, Paul. Fiction and Trauma from the Second World War to 9/11. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749394.003.0026.

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This chapter looks at how contemporary British and Irish novelists reflect on the spasms of catastrophic violence that have punctuated the twentieth century and continue to define the twenty-first. These events not only traumatized individuals on a mass scale, but also dealt irrevocable damage to foundational assumptions concerning reason, progress, meaning, and language. Such weighty preoccupations, however, took some time to fully coalesce in the fiction of the post-Second World War period. There were few substantial treatments of the war in its immediate aftermath. When such responses began to appear in the 1950s, and swelled in number in the 1960s, they did so predominantly in the form of conventional social realist narratives concerned with the immediate experience of combat and the impact of the conflict on the structures of British and Irish society.

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Samuels, Richard, Eric Margolis, and Stephen P. Stich. Introduction: Philosophy and Cognitive Science. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0001.

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This chapter offers a high-level overview of the philosophy of cognitive science and an introduction toThe Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Cognitive Science. The philosophy of cognitive science emerged out of a set of common and overlapping interests among philosophers and scientists who study the mind. We identify five categories of issues that illustrate the best work in this broad field: (1) traditional philosophical issues about the mind that have been invigorated by research in cognitive science, (2) issues regarding the practice of cognitive science and its foundational assumptions, (3) issues regarding the explication and clarification of core concepts in cognitive science, (4) first-order empirical issues where philosophers participate in the interdisciplinary investigation of particular psychological phenomena, (5) traditional philosophical issues that aren’t about the mind but that can be informed by a better understanding of how the mind works.

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O'Hara, Kieron, and Wendy Hall. Web Science. Edited by William H. Dutton. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199589074.013.0003.

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This chapter introduces the important technologies and protocols that make up the Web and the social regularities that have helped it flourish. Next, it investigates the foundational assumptions of Web Science. An example that illustrates the role of Web Science in the development of a Web of Linked Data is reported. Web Science, which can help determine which practices and conventions are important, and how they associate to people's willingness to behave in a cooperative fashion, must be related with topography and also the dynamics of the Web. It also needs to take into account the variance of scale between intervention and outcome. Linking data permits the development of an extremely rich context for an inquiry. In general, the aim of Web Science is to develop a research and engineering community within which diverse methods of analysis and synthesis are routinely incorporated.

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Book chapters on the topic "Foundational assumptions"

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Dribus, Benjamin F. "On the Foundational Assumptions of Modern Physics." In The Frontiers Collection, 45–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13045-3_4.

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Beran, Jan. "Typical Assumptions." In Mathematical Foundations of Time Series Analysis, 5–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74380-6_2.

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Manevitch, Leonid I., Victor G. Oshmyan, and Igor V. Andrianov. "Definitions, assumptions and theorems in homogenization problems." In Foundations of Engineering Mechanics, 7–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44571-5_2.

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Lee, Hang. "Normal Distribution Assumption-Free Nonparametric Inference." In Foundations of Applied Statistical Methods, 105–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02402-8_6.

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Dror, Yehezkel. "Some Fundamental Philosophical, Psychological and Intellectual Assumptions of Futures Studies." In Novartis Foundation Symposia, 145–65. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720189.ch10.

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Epstein, Richard L. "The Basic Assumptions of Propositional Logic." In The Semantic Foundations of Logic Volume 1: Propositional Logics, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0525-2_1.

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Hurtado, Paul J. "Building New Models: Rethinking and Revising ODE Model Assumptions." In Foundations for Undergraduate Research in Mathematics, 1–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33645-5_1.

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Selvam, Vyas Ram. "The Two Queries Assumption and Arthur-Merlin Classes." In Mathematical Foundations of Computer Science 2014, 601–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44465-8_51.

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Watson, Matthew. "Historicizing Rationality Assumptions: International Political Economy in the History of Economic Thought." In Foundations of International Political Economy, 44–67. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04080-0_3.

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Duflot, Marie, Laurent Fribourg, and Claudine Picaronny. "Randomized Dining Philosophers without Fairness Assumption." In Foundations of Information Technology in the Era of Network and Mobile Computing, 169–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35608-2_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Foundational assumptions"

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Vermillion, Sean D., and Richard J. Malak. "Using a Principal-Agent Model to Investigate Delegation in Systems Engineering." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47778.

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Delegation of decision authority is a fundamental characteristic of systems engineering problems. Engineers and managers at higher levels within the organization allocate responsibility and resources to other individuals through requirements flowdown and other processes. The prevalence of schedule slippages and budget overruns on systems engineering projects raises questions about the adequacy of and potential to improve existing methods. However, at present the community lacks a foundational understanding of these processes that would be valuable in identifying and validating candidate improvements to the systems engineering process. In this paper, we develop a conceptual modeling framework for delegation in systems engineering based on the principal-agent problem, a game-theoretic model of agent interaction across hierarchical levels. Several variations on the basic model are possible. We study the model and its variations on an illustrative example of a passenger vehicle engineering process. Numerical results highlight the impact of various assumptions, including whether engineers act normatively or according to proposed behavioral decision models. Implications and extensions are discussed, including the need for behavioral validation of engineering decision models and the potential to use the modeling framework to evaluate newly proposed delegation schemes.

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Orozco, Alejandro, Joshua H. Smith, and José J. García. "Assessment of an Exponential Scaling Relationship for Backflow Length in Brain Tissue." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14121.

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Convection enhanced delivery is a protocol to deliver large volumes of drugs over localized zones of the brain for the treatment of diseases and tumors. Brain infusion experiments at higher flow rates showed backflow, in which an annular zone is formed outside the catheter and the infused drug preferentially flows toward the surface of the brain rather than through the tissue in the direction of the area targeted for delivery. The foundational model of Morrison et al. [1] considered the deformation of the tissue around the external boundary of the catheter, the axial flow in the annular gap formed around the cannula, and the radial flow from this annular region into the porous tissue in the development of an exponential correlation for backflow length L: (1)L∝Q0.6R0.8rc0.8G-0.6μ-0.2, where Q is the infusion flow rate, R is a tissue hydraulic resistance, rc is the catheter radius, G is the tissue shear modulus, and μ is the fluid viscosity. However, this formula was derived under some limiting assumptions, such as considering the solid phase of the infused tissue as a linearly elastic material under infinitesimal deformations, whereas mechanical testing has shown large deformations under physiological loadings [2, 3].

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Fish, Benjamin, and Lev Reyzin. "On the Complexity of Learning from Label Proportions." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/232.

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In the problem of learning with label proportions (also known as the problem of estimating class ratios), the training data is unlabeled, and only the proportions of examples receiving each label are given. The goal is to learn a hypothesis that predicts the proportions of labels on the distribution underlying the sample. This model of learning is useful in a wide variety of settings, including predicting the number of votes for candidates in political elections from polls. In this paper, we resolve foundational questions regarding the computational complexity of learning in this setting. We formalize a simple version of the setting, and we compare the computational complexity of learning in this model to classical PAC learning. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that what can be learned efficiently in this model is a strict subset of what may be leaned efficiently in PAC, under standard complexity assumptions. We give a characterization in terms of VC dimension, and we show that there are non-trivial problems in this model that can be efficiently learned. We also give an algorithm that demonstrates the feasibility of learning under well-behaved distributions.

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Mantel, Heiko, David Sands, and Henning Sudbrock. "Assumptions and Guarantees for Compositional Noninterference." In 2011 IEEE 24th Computer Security Foundations Symposium (CSF). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csf.2011.22.

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Bush, Erica, Puneet Agarwal, and Lance Manuel. "The Influence of Foundation Modeling Assumptions on Long-Term Load Prediction for Offshore Wind Turbines." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57893.

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In evaluating ultimate limit states for design, time-domain aeroelastic response simulations are typically carried out to establish extreme loads on offshore wind turbines. Accurate load prediction depends on proper modeling of the wind turbulence and the wave stochastic processes as well as of the turbine, the support structure, and the foundation. One method for modeling the support structure is to rigidly connect it to the seabed; such a foundation model is appropriate only when the sea floor is firm (as is the case for rock). To obtain realistic turbine response dynamics for softer soils, it is important that a flexible foundation is modeled. While a single discrete spring for coupled lateral/rotational motion or several distributed springs along the length of the monopile may be employed, a tractable alternative is to employ a fictitious fixed-based pile modeled as an “equivalent” cantilever beam, where the length of this fictitious pile is determined using conventional pile lateral load analysis in combination with knowledge of the soil profile. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of modeling flexible pile foundations on offshore wind turbine loads such as the fore-aft tower bending moment at the mudline. We employ a utility-scale 5MW offshore wind turbine model with a 90-meter hub height in simulations; the turbine is assumed to be sited in 20 meters of water. For a critical wind-wave combination known to control long-term design loads, we study time histories, power spectra, response statistics, and probability distributions of extreme loads for fixed-base and flexible foundation models with the intention of assessing the importance of foundation model selection. Load distributions are found to be sensitive to foundation modeling assumptions. Extrapolation to rare return periods may be expected to lead to differences in derived nominal loads needed in ultimate limit state design; this justifies the use of flexible foundation models in simulation studies.

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"Analysis of research methods on foundations, assumptions and praxi." In 2020 Conference on Social Science and Modern Science. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0000797.

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Crepeau, C., and J. Kilian. "Achieving oblivious transfer using weakened security assumptions." In [Proceedings 1988] 29th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sfcs.1988.21920.

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Applebaum, Benny, Boaz Barak, and David Xiao. "On Basing Lower-Bounds for Learning on Worst-Case Assumptions." In 2008 IEEE 49th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/focs.2008.35.

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Gentry, Craig, Allison Bishop Lewko, Amit Sahai, and Brent Waters. "Indistinguishability Obfuscation from the Multilinear Subgroup Elimination Assumption." In 2015 IEEE 56th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/focs.2015.19.

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Gaaloul, Khouloud, Claudio Menghi, Shiva Nejati, Lionel C. Briand, and David Wolfe. "Mining assumptions for software components using machine learning." In ESEC/FSE '20: 28th ACM Joint European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3368089.3409737.

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Reports on the topic "Foundational assumptions"

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Han, Fei, Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado, Mehdi Marashi, Timothy Wells, and Mir Zaheer. Verification of Bridge Foundation Design Assumptions and Calculations. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317084.

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The Sagamore Parkway Bridge consists of twin parallel bridges over the Wabash River in Lafayette, IN. The old steel-truss eastbound bridge was demolished in November 2016 and replaced by a new seven-span concrete bridge. The new bridge consists of two end-bents (bent 1 and bent 8) and six interior piers (pier 2 to pier 7) that are founded on closed-ended and open-ended driven pipe piles, respectively. During bridge construction, one of the bridge piers (pier 7) and its foundation elements were selected for instrumentation for monitoring the long-term response of the bridge to dead and live loads. The main goals of the project were (1) to compare the design bridge loads (dead and live loads) with the actual measured loads and (2) to study the transfer of the superstructure loads to the foundation and the load distribution among the piles in the group. This report presents in detail the site investigation data, the instrumentation schemes used for load and settlement measurements, and the response of the bridge pier and its foundation to dead and live loads at different stages during and after bridge construction. The measurement results include the load-settlement curves of the bridge pier and the piles supporting it, the load transferred from the bridge pier to its foundation, the bearing capacity of the pile cap, the load eccentricity, and the distribution of loads within the pier’s cross section and among the individual piles in the group. The measured dead and live loads are compared with those estimated in bridge design.

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McMaster, Herbert R. Crack in the Foundation Defense Transformation and the Underlying Assumption of Dominant Knowledge in Future War. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416172.

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