Academic literature on the topic 'Four Blocks'

Motion estimation and motion compensation comprise one of the most important compression methods for video communications. We propose a low-power design of a motion estimation block for a low bit-rate video codec standard H.263. Since the motion estimation is computationally intensive to result in large power consumption, a low-power design is essential for portable or mobile systems. Our block employs the Four-Step Search (4SS) method as its primary algorithm. The design and the algorithm have been optimized to provide adequate results for low-quality video at low-power consumption. The model is developed in VHDL and synthesized using a 0.35 um CMOS library. Power consumption of both gate-level circuits and memory-accesses have been considered. Gate-level simulation shows the proposed design offers a 38% power reduction over a "baseline" implementation of a 4SS model and a 60% power reduction over a baseline Three-Step Search (TSS) model. Power savings through reduction of memory access is 26% over the TSS model and 32% over the 4SS model. The total power consumption of the proposed motion estimation block ranges from 7 - 9 mW and is dependent on the type of video being motion estimated.<br>Master of Science

The content of this thesis is to design four storey block of flats. The house is supposed to be passive. The building is four storey basement, roofed hipped roof, with flat roof operation served as a terrace. The building is located on a plot of number 1037/28 in the village Trebic, cadastral area Trebic. Supporting structures of the house are made of monolithic reinforced concrete frame with masonry infill of clay brick blocks THERM. The building is insulated contact insulation system EPS boards. The roofing is done using a timber truss. The house is based on the base plate. The project includes a seminar work assessing thermal technical and acoustic properties of structures.

The subject of diploma thesis is processing of the desing documentation for new multifunctional building in the street Dělnická, cadastre unit Komín, Brno - Komin. The building is a 3 floors and one underground floor and is designed as a last building in the street on the nearly flat land. In the building is located non-residential space, dwelling units and studios. Non-residential space comprise seven parking spaces in a public underground garage, two stores barrier-free solution with the facilities and two studios 1 + 1. The residential part has two dwelling units 1 + kk, two dwelling units 2 +1 and two dwelling units 4 + kk. The building is based on a waterproof concrete structure "white tub". The vertical structure is built of clay blocks Porotherm, horizontal structures are cast-in-place reinforced concrete. The exterior building envelope is completed with thermal insulation. An internal staircase is cast-in-place reinforced concrete. The entrance to the garage for cars is possible by Autolift. The building is roofed with warm flat roof. The drawings are processed in AutoCAD software visualization are processed in Sketch Up

Abstract   Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify why the Tanzanian market for cement blocks have not adapted hollow blocks instead of solid ditto and, if possible, present recommendations for market activities.   Design/methodology/approach: Implemented by action research methodology, this minor field study financed by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency targets issues regarding the relatively poor housing standard in Tanzania through a business development perspective. Furthermore, the study covers what obstacles for new, more sustainable and price-efficient products are to identify in the Tanzanian market.   Findings: An implementation of hollow blocks in the concrete block market surrounding Dar es Salaam would be beneficial from several aspects (e.g. economical, environmental, societal), but there are also factors that hinder such an implementation. The market’s consumers tend to not get the information about new techniques and innovations; hence to this lack of knowledge and awareness of alternatives, they stick to more traditional ways that they know more of. The consumers that do know of the new materials often disbeliefs the producers’ ability to make the quantity or quality demanded. Unawareness and distrust results in that few ask for new alternatives. The producers who put their main focus on supplying what the customers specifically asks for will therefore not start to produce the new alternatives, in this case hollow blocks. Thus, new innovations and the knowledge of the production of it do not spread easily. To implement new innovations some actor(s) to bare the risk is needed - pioneers that either commence producing the material themselves or, at least, encourage/provide incitements for producers and consumers to gain knowledge of them. The ones who have the possibility to carry risks in the concrete market surrounding Dar es Salaam are the large cement producers and the governmental institutions. They are also stakeholders who will benefit the most from taking the pioneer approach.   Originality/value: The study offers insights into the Tanzanian market for cement blocks for building construction by focusing on adaption of a block innovation that can reduce the Co2 emissions due to less raw material use per block.   Keywords: Sustainable Business Development, Innovation, Housing standard, Tanzania.   Type of study: Bachelor Thesis in Enterprising and Business Development, Linnaeus University, Sweden.<br>Minor Field Study

The subject of the thesis is processing of project documentation for the new building of biathlon bleachers and sport facilities. The compound is located in the town of Staré Město pod Landštejnem, situated on a plot of land no.1818/6. The building is detached, designed partly as a double-deck and in the remaining part as four-storey. The supporting structure is designed as a solid reinforced concrete prefabricated skeletal system, supplemented by filling brick blocks. The compound is based on foundation plinths and the bleachers on foundations. The ceiling construction is made up of POD ceramic panels. The roof is designed as a single skin flat roof with the powder of washed river stone, and the roof above the duplex part is designed as a walkable roof with a wear layer of paving on supports. The project was prepared using a computer program AutoCAD. When processing, the emphasis was placed on the correct layout design, architectural design, static requirements and the safe use of the building.

The subject of this master thesis is a project for the construction of accommodation facility with a basement. The building is located in Ostrava close to the historical centre of the city. The building is a 4starcategory accommodation facility and will serve as temporary accommodation. There will be a restaurant and a gym designed for hotel guests only. The accommodation capacity is 68 guests. A car park for hotel visitors is situated close to the hotel. It is a brick structure made of sand-lime blocks,monolithic ceilings and a first underground floor. The building is insulated with ETICS system. Paste-like plaster and brick tapes were used for facade construction. The roof is made up of one roof surface and the foundation will be realized on the foundation strips. The building is situated on flat terrain. The project was developed in ArchiCad21, AutoCad 2016 and SketchUp.

Diploma thesis is focused on design and elaboration of detailed design of polyfunctional building by Střelice, Brno-venkov the parcel number5804/4 and 5804/5. Proposition of the object respects both commune plan and current street buildings. It‘s not supposed to create stress with its shape and size, but complete actual buildings. It has four elevated floors, one basement and flat roof. Building has commercial space, mass garage and flats, it‘s determinate for study purpose.

Diploma thesis „ Newly bulit apartment house“ deals with a proposal of block of flats in Veselí nad Lužnicí. The block of flats has got four storeys with no celler, and is in a rectangle shape. It is independently built house on a flat terrain. Bricked construction consists of ceramic constructuion blocks Heluz and reinforced concrete ceilings. The building is based on foundation belts and is roofed by a single-coat flat roof. There are 29 housing units designed in the building.

This diploma thesis depicts project documentation for realization of a mixed-use building in Hradec Králové. The designed object includes fifteen flats in four storeys, a café, a hairdressing salon and no cellar. Vertical load-bearing walls of the first storey are designed to be built of reinforced concrete. Vertical load-bearing walls of the other storeys are designed to be built of ceramic blocks. The outside wall is insulated with expanded facade polystyrene and plastered with a thin-layer textured cream plaster. The last storey has a ventilated facade made of fibre reinforced concrete panels. The openings are filled with plastic windows including an aluminium entrance door with a fanlight. Horizontal constructions are made of monolithic reinforced concrete panels which are reinforced in one dimension. The roofing in designed as a flat roof with a layer of vegetation. The foundations of the multifunctional house are based on concrete piles and a reinforced concrete slab. The design of the object respects current housing in the area. The diploma thesis includes a basic review of construction physics and fire safety layout.